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qmta send.8
qmta-send - standalone mail delivery
qmta-send [ options ] [ defaultdelivery [ logger arg ... ] ]
qmta-send is a stand-alone mail transport agent. The use of qmta-send is on systems that requires a simple delivery mechanism for mails generated locally (like in cron scripts). It can be run as a daemon running continuously or as and when mail is generated. qmta-send doesn't require qmail-todo, qmail-lspawn, qmail-rspawn, qmail-clean to process a queue.
1. run qmta-send as a daemon
# qmta-send -d ./Maildir/
2. run qmta-send to delivery mails in the queue and exit after delivery
$ qmta-send ./Maildir/
3. run qmta-send and use qmail-lspawn to handle local deliveries,
qmail-rspawn to handle remoe delivies, qmail-clean to do cleanups and
run it as a daemon
# qmta-send -dlrc ./Maildir/
qmta-send can also invoke qmail-lspawn, qmail-rspawn, qmail-clean under the proper uids and gids for a queue defined by the environment variable QUEUEDIR. These four daemons cooperate to deliver messages from the queue. qmta-send by default uses /var/indimail/queue/qmta as it's queue for messages. This path can be changed by defining the QUEUEDIR environment variable.
qmta-send borrows most of it's code from qmail-send. The todo run can be adjusted by setting the environment variable TODO_INTERVAL to have only one queue run every TODO_INTERVAL seconds. It remembers the last complete queue run and will just return if we get triggered before last queue run plus TODO_INTERVAL seconds. If we get triggered before TODO_INTERVAL seconds it will schedule a forced queue run at last complete queue run plus TODO_INTERVAL seconds to not miss the new additions to the queue. TODO_INTERVAL can also be set in the control file todointerval. The control file takes precedence over the environment variable. If TODO_INTERVAL=0, TODO_INTERVAL="" or a value less than zero, qmta-send silently uses 10 secs as the value for TODO_INTERVAL.
qmta-send uses qmail-local to deliver messages to local recipients and qmail-remote to deliver messages to remote recipients. If a message is temporarily undeliverable to one or more addresses, qmta-send leaves it in the queue and tries the addresses again later.
qmta-send uses qmail-queue(8) to queue bounces and aliases/forwards. This can be changed by using QMAILQUEUE environment variable. If a different queue program is desired for bounces, it can be set by using BOUNCEQUEUE environment variable.
When injecting a bounce for a previously forwarded email, whose sender was rewritten using SRS**, qmta-send** rewrites the recipient to the original sender using Sender Rewriting Scheme, if SRS** has been** configured. see qmail-srs(5) for information on how to do this.
qmta-send adds the X-Bounced-Address header when creating a bounce. It assigns the address that caused the bounce to this header. This is useful for programs that generate DKIM signature to use the domain in the X-Bounced-Address for the d= DKIM-Signature tag.
If qmta-send receives a TERM signal, it will exit cleanly, after waiting (possibly more than a minute) for current delivery attempts to finish.
If qmta-send receives an ALRM signal, it will reschedule every message in the queue for immediate delivery.
If the environment variable USE_FSYNC is set, then qmta-send writes all data to disk ("flushes") all modified in-core data of (i.e., modified buffer cache pages for) the new message to the disk device (or other permanent storage device) so that all changed information can be retrieved even if the system crashes or is rebooted. This includes writing through or flushing a disk cache if present. The call blocks until the device reports that the transfer has completed. This is done for the info and mess files. This can also be set by using conf-fsync control file.
If the environment variable USE_FDATASYNC is enabled, qmta-send uses fdatasync(2) instead of fsync(2). This can also be set by using conf-fdatasync control file.
If the environment variable USE_SYNCDIR is enabled, qmta-send forces BSD style directory syncing. This can also be set by using conf-syncdir control file.
if the value of the environment variables USE_FSYNC, USE_FDATASYNC, USE_SYNCDIR is zero, the corresponding variables is unset. This allows setting of these variables for qmail-local(8).
qmta-send can process messages queued by clients with differing split directory value. The only required is that qmta-send should be running with a higher split dir value than that of the client. You can use the -s option to run with any split dir value. qmta-send can process queues with or without the todo, intd having subdirectory split. Set the environment variable BIGTODO to process a big todo, intd subdirectory.
If running as non-root qmta-send uses environment set according to files $HOME/.defaultqueue directory. If running as root and if QUEUE_BASE environment variable is not set, environment variables from /etc/indimail/control/defaultqueue are additionally set.
-d
daemon mode. Run continuously in the background.
-l
use qmail-lspawn to spawn local deliveries instead of built-in spawn
function
-b
Process todo, intd as having subdirectory split.
-r
use qmail-rspawn to spawn remoe deliveries instead of built-in spawn
function
-c
use qmail-clean for cleanup instead of the built-in clean mechansim.
-f
use queue-fix to fix the queue
-s split
specify the queue subdirectory split (default 151). You can also set
this by setting the environment variable CONFSPLIT. Command line
value takes precedence over the environment variable. Any value greater
than 151 is silently ignored.
WARNING: qmta-send reads its control files only when it starts. If you change the control files, you must stop and restart qmta-send. Exception: If qmta-send receives a HUP signal, it will reread concurrencylocal, concurrencyl.qmta, concurrencyremote, concurrencyr.qmta, locals, virtualdomains, todointerval, holdlocal, holdremote, envnoathost, conf-syncdir, and conf-fsync.
qmta-send by default looks at /etc/indimail/control for all control files. This path can be changed by defining the CONTROLDIR environment variable.
bouncefrom
Bounce username. Default: MAILER-DAEMON.
bouncehost
Bounce host. Default: me, if that is supplied; otherwise the literal
name bouncehost, which is probably not what you want. If a message
is permanently undeliverable, qmta-send sends a single-bounce
notice back to the message's envelope sender. The notice is From:
bouncefrom@bouncehost, although its envelope sender is empty.
bouncemaxbyte
Limit the size of bounces. Default: 50000 bytes.
bouncesubject
Configures the bounce message subject
bouncemessage
Text for bounce message. Remember that this may break QSBMF
doublebouncehost
Double-bounce host. Default: me, if that is supplied; otherwise the
literal name doublebouncehost, which is probably not what you want.
doublebounceto
User to receive double-bounces. Default: postmaster. If a
single-bounce notice is permanently undeliverable, qmta-send sends a
double-bounce notice to doublebounceto*@*doublebouncehost. (If
that bounces, qmta-send gives up.) As a special case, if the first
line of doublebounceto contains a '@' or is blank (contains a single
linefeed), qmta-send will not queue the double-bounce at all.
doublebouncesubject
Configures the double bounce message subject
doublebouncemessage
Text for double bounce message. Remember that this may break QSBMF
concurrencylocal
Maximum number of simultaneous local delivery attempts. Default: 10. If
0, local deliveries will be put on hold. concurrencylocal is limited
at compile time to 500.
concurrencyl.qmta
Maximum number of simultaneous local delivery attempts for the queue
qmta. A queue can be defined by setting QUEUEDIR environment
variable, referring to the path of the queue. Here qmta refers to the
basename of the queue path. Default: 10. If 0, local deliveries will be
put on hold. concurrencyl.qmta is limited at compile time to 500.
concurrencyremote
Maximum number of simultaneous remote delivery attempts. Default: 20. If
0, remote deliveries will be put on hold. concurrencyremote is limited
at compile time to 500.
concurrencyr.qmta
Maximum number of simultaneous remote delivery attempts for the queue
qmta. A queue can be defined by setting QUEUEDIR environment
variable, referring to the path of the queue. Here qmta refers to the
basename of the queue path. Default: 20. If 0, remote deliveries will be
put on hold. concurrencyr.qmta is limited at compile time to 500.
envnoathost
Presumed domain name for addresses without @ signs. Default: me, if
that is supplied; otherwise the literal name envnoathost, which is
probably not what you want. If qmta-send sees an envelope recipient
address without an @ sign, it appends @envnoathost.
locals
List of domain names that the current host receives mail for, one per
line. Default: me, if that is supplied; otherwise qmta-send
refuses to run. An address user@domain is considered local if domain
is listed in locals.
percenthack
List of domain names where the percent hack is applied. If domain is
listed in percenthack, any address of the form
user%fqdn@domain
is rewritten as user@fqdn. user may contain %, so the percent hack may be applied repeatedly. qmta-send handles percenthack before locals.
queuelifetime
Number of seconds a message can stay in the queue. Default: 604800 (one
week). After this time expires, qmta-send will try the message once
more, but it will treat any temporary delivery failures as permanent
failures.
bouncelifetime
Number of seconds a bounce message can stay in the queue. Default:
604800 (one week). After this time expires, qmta-send will try the
message once more, but it will treat any temporary delivery failures as
permanent failures.
bounce.envrules
Specific environment variables can be set for bounce recipients. The
format of this file is of the form pat:envar1=val,envar2=val,...] where
pat is a regular expression which matches a bounce recipient. envar1,
envar2 are list of environment variables to be set. If var is omitted,
the environment variable is unset.
The name of the control file can be overriden by the environment variable BOUNCERULES
Example: answerme@save*:CONTROLDIR=control2,QMAILQUEUE=
sets CONTROLDIR to control2 for the sender [email protected] and unsets QMAILQUEUE environment variable. If there are multiple lines for a pattern, all lines are applied. However if an environment variable is being set in multiple lines, the last rule takes precedence. The environment variable QREGEX can be set to use regular expressions for matching pat instead of the internal wildmat function.
Example: answerme@save*:DATABYTES=2000000,MAXRECIPIENT=2,QMAILQUEUE= answerme@save*:DATABYTES=4000000
DATABYTES gets set to 4 MB in for any email matching answerme@save*
virtualdomains
List of virtual users or domains, one per line. A virtual user has the
form user*@domain:prepend, without any extra spaces. When
qmta-send sees the recipient address user@domain, it
converts it to prepend-user@*domain and treats it as local.
A virtual domain has the form domain*:*prepend. It applies to any recipient address at domain. For example, if
nowhere.mil:joe-foo
is in virtualdomains, and a message arrives for [email protected], qmta-send will rewrite the recipient address as [email protected] and deliver the message locally.
virtualdomains may contain wildcards:
.fax:uucp-fax
:alias-catchall
.nowhere.mil:joe-foo-host
virtualdomains may also contain exceptions: an empty prepend means that domain is not a virtual domain.
qmta-send handles virtualdomains after locals: if a domain is listed in locals, virtualdomains does not apply.
holdlocal
A boolean parameter indicating whether mail for local hosts should be
queued without delivery. Zero indicates delivery as normal; any other
value causes local mail to be held. Default: zero
holdremote
A boolean parameter indicating whether mail for remote hosts should be
queued without delivery. Zero indicates delivery as normal; any other
value causes remote mail to be held. This is provided to permit use of
qmail in a dial-up environment when the remote delivery path may not
always be available, as an alternative to the use of serialmail.
Default: zero
todointerval
The seconds to sleep between each todo run. It can be overriden by the
environment variable TODO_INTERVAL.
conf-fsync
A boolean parameter to turn on fsync of file descriptors when writing to
a file during delivery
conf-syncdir
A boolean parameter to turn on BSD style sync semantics for flushing
directories.
qmta-send will execute an external program defined by the environment variable BOUNCEPROCESSOR when delivery to a recipient fails. The external program will be called with the following arguments
original_message_file bounce_file bounce_report bounce_sender original_recipient bounce_recipient
The external program runs with uid of qmails. If the bounce script exits 1, the bounce is discarded. You should be very careful in writing your own bounce processor. If the bounce processor program returns non-zero exit status (other than an exit value of 1), qmta-send will continue to retry the script. Also just like bounces, bounce processor is not crash-proof. In case your bounce processor genuinely returns non-zero exit status and you shut qmta-send, you will not be able to again get back to retry the bounce that the processor was handling.
Each message has its own retry schedule. The longer a message remains undeliverable, the less frequently qmail tries to send it. The retry schedule is not configurable. The following table shows the retry schedule for a message that's undeliverable to a recipient until it bounces. Local messages a similar, but more frequent, schedule than remote messages.
Local Retry Schedule is governed by 100 * (x * x), where x is the try number
| qmta-send delivery retry times, for chanskip=10 (local) | |
| Try ======= after ======= == delay until next = | |
| seconds dd hh mm ss seconds dd hh mm ss | |
| ...................... ....................... ...................... | |
| #00 0 [00 00:00:00] 100 [00 00:01:40] | |
| #01 100 [00 00:01:40] 300 [00 00:05:00] | |
| #02 400 [00 00:06:40] 500 [00 00:08:20] | |
| #03 900 [00 00:15:00] 700 [00 00:11:40] | |
| #04 1600 [00 00:26:40] 900 [00 00:15:00] | |
| #05 2500 [00 00:41:40] 1100 [00 00:18:20] | |
| #06 3600 [00 01:00:00] 1300 [00 00:21:40] | |
| #07 4900 [00 01:21:40] 1500 [00 00:25:00] | |
| #08 6400 [00 01:46:40] 1700 [00 00:28:20] | |
| #09 8100 [00 02:15:00] 1900 [00 00:31:40] | |
| #10 10000 [00 02:46:40] 2100 [00 00:35:00] | |
| #11 12100 [00 03:21:40] 2300 [00 00:38:20] | |
| #12 14400 [00 04:00:00] 2500 [00 00:41:40] | |
| #13 16900 [00 04:41:40] 2700 [00 00:45:00] | |
| #14 19600 [00 05:26:40] 2900 [00 00:48:20] | |
| #15 22500 [00 06:15:00] 3100 [00 00:51:40] | |
| #16 25600 [00 07:06:40] 3300 [00 00:55:00] | |
| #17 28900 [00 08:01:40] 3500 [00 00:58:20] | |
| #18 32400 [00 09:00:00] 3700 [00 01:01:40] | |
| #19 36100 [00 10:01:40] 3900 [00 01:05:00] | |
| #20 40000 [00 11:06:40] 4100 [00 01:08:20] | |
| #21 44100 [00 12:15:00] 4300 [00 01:11:40] | |
| #22 48400 [00 13:26:40] 4500 [00 01:15:00] | |
| #23 52900 [00 14:41:40] 4700 [00 01:18:20] | |
| #24 57600 [00 16:00:00] 4900 [00 01:21:40] | |
| #25 62500 [00 17:21:40] 5100 [00 01:25:00] | |
| #26 67600 [00 18:46:40] 5300 [00 01:28:20] | |
| #27 72900 [00 20:15:00] 5500 [00 01:31:40] | |
| #28 78400 [00 21:46:40] 5700 [00 01:35:00] | |
| #29 84100 [00 23:21:40] 5900 [00 01:38:20] | |
| #30 90000 [01 01:00:00] 6100 [00 01:41:40] | |
| #31 96100 [01 02:41:40] 6300 [00 01:45:00] | |
| #32 102400 [01 04:26:40] 6500 [00 01:48:20] | |
| #33 108900 [01 06:15:00] 6700 [00 01:51:40] | |
| #34 115600 [01 08:06:40] 6900 [00 01:55:00] | |
| #35 122500 [01 10:01:40] 7100 [00 01:58:20] | |
| #36 129600 [01 12:00:00] 7300 [00 02:01:40] | |
| #37 136900 [01 14:01:40] 7500 [00 02:05:00] | |
| #38 144400 [01 16:06:40] 7700 [00 02:08:20] | |
| #39 152100 [01 18:15:00] 7900 [00 02:11:40] | |
| #40 160000 [01 20:26:40] 8100 [00 02:15:00] | |
| #41 168100 [01 22:41:40] 8300 [00 02:18:20] | |
| #42 176400 [02 01:00:00] 8500 [00 02:21:40] | |
| #43 184900 [02 03:21:40] 8700 [00 02:25:00] | |
| #44 193600 [02 05:46:40] 8900 [00 02:28:20] | |
| #45 202500 [02 08:15:00] 9100 [00 02:31:40] | |
| #46 211600 [02 10:46:40] 9300 [00 02:35:00] | |
| #47 220900 [02 13:21:40] 9500 [00 02:38:20] | |
| #48 230400 [02 16:00:00] 9700 [00 02:41:40] | |
| #49 240100 [02 18:41:40] 9900 [00 02:45:00] | |
| #50 250000 [02 21:26:40] 10100 [00 02:48:20] | |
| #51 260100 [03 00:15:00] 10300 [00 02:51:40] | |
| #52 270400 [03 03:06:40] 10500 [00 02:55:00] | |
| #53 280900 [03 06:01:40] 10700 [00 02:58:20] | |
| #54 291600 [03 09:00:00] 10900 [00 03:01:40] | |
| #55 302500 [03 12:01:40] 11100 [00 03:05:00] | |
| #56 313600 [03 15:06:40] 11300 [00 03:08:20] | |
| #57 324900 [03 18:15:00] 11500 [00 03:11:40] | |
| #58 336400 [03 21:26:40] 11700 [00 03:15:00] | |
| #59 348100 [04 00:41:40] 11900 [00 03:18:20] | |
| #60 360000 [04 04:00:00] 12100 [00 03:21:40] | |
| #61 372100 [04 07:21:40] 12300 [00 03:25:00] | |
| #62 384400 [04 10:46:40] 12500 [00 03:28:20] | |
| #63 396900 [04 14:15:00] 12700 [00 03:31:40] | |
| #64 409600 [04 17:46:40] 12900 [00 03:35:00] | |
| #65 422500 [04 21:21:40] 13100 [00 03:38:20] | |
| #66 435600 [05 01:00:00] 13300 [00 03:41:40] | |
| #67 448900 [05 04:41:40] 13500 [00 03:45:00] | |
| #68 462400 [05 08:26:40] 13700 [00 03:48:20] | |
| #69 476100 [05 12:15:00] 13900 [00 03:51:40] | |
| #70 490000 [05 16:06:40] 14100 [00 03:55:00] | |
| #71 504100 [05 20:01:40] 14300 [00 03:58:20] | |
| #72 518400 [06 00:00:00] 14500 [00 04:01:40] | |
| #73 532900 [06 04:01:40] 14700 [00 04:05:00] | |
| #74 547600 [06 08:06:40] 14900 [00 04:08:20] |
Remote Retry Schedule is governed by 400 * (x * x), where x is the try number
| qmta-send delivery retry times, for chanskip=20 (remote) | |
| Try ======= after ======= == delay until next = | |
| seconds dd hh mm ss seconds dd hh mm ss | |
| #00 0 [00 00:00:00] 400 [00 00:06:40] | |
| #01 400 [00 00:06:40] 1200 [00 00:20:00] | |
| #02 1600 [00 00:26:40] 2000 [00 00:33:20] | |
| #03 3600 [00 01:00:00] 2800 [00 00:46:40] | |
| #04 6400 [00 01:46:40] 3600 [00 01:00:00] | |
| #05 10000 [00 02:46:40] 4400 [00 01:13:20] | |
| #06 14400 [00 04:00:00] 5200 [00 01:26:40] | |
| #07 19600 [00 05:26:40] 6000 [00 01:40:00] | |
| #08 25600 [00 07:06:40] 6800 [00 01:53:20] | |
| #09 32400 [00 09:00:00] 7600 [00 02:06:40] | |
| #10 40000 [00 11:06:40] 8400 [00 02:20:00] | |
| #11 48400 [00 13:26:40] 9200 [00 02:33:20] | |
| #12 57600 [00 16:00:00] 10000 [00 02:46:40] | |
| #13 67600 [00 18:46:40] 10800 [00 03:00:00] | |
| #14 78400 [00 21:46:40] 11600 [00 03:13:20] | |
| #15 90000 [01 01:00:00] 12400 [00 03:26:40] | |
| #16 102400 [01 04:26:40] 13200 [00 03:40:00] | |
| #17 115600 [01 08:06:40] 14000 [00 03:53:20] | |
| #18 129600 [01 12:00:00] 14800 [00 04:06:40] | |
| #19 144400 [01 16:06:40] 15600 [00 04:20:00] | |
| #20 160000 [01 20:26:40] 16400 [00 04:33:20] | |
| #21 176400 [02 01:00:00] 17200 [00 04:46:40] | |
| #22 193600 [02 05:46:40] 18000 [00 05:00:00] | |
| #23 211600 [02 10:46:40] 18800 [00 05:13:20] | |
| #24 230400 [02 16:00:00] 19600 [00 05:26:40] | |
| #25 250000 [02 21:26:40] 20400 [00 05:40:00] | |
| #26 270400 [03 03:06:40] 21200 [00 05:53:20] | |
| #27 291600 [03 09:00:00] 22000 [00 06:06:40] | |
| #28 313600 [03 15:06:40] 22800 [00 06:20:00] | |
| #29 336400 [03 21:26:40] 23600 [00 06:33:20] | |
| #30 360000 [04 04:00:00] 24400 [00 06:46:40] | |
| #31 384400 [04 10:46:40] 25200 [00 07:00:00] | |
| #32 409600 [04 17:46:40] 26000 [00 07:13:20] | |
| #33 435600 [05 01:00:00] 26800 [00 07:26:40] | |
| #34 462400 [05 08:26:40] 27600 [00 07:40:00] | |
| #35 490000 [05 16:06:40] 28400 [00 07:53:20] | |
| #36 518400 [06 00:00:00] 29200 [00 08:06:40] | |
| #37 547600 [06 08:06:40] 30000 [00 08:20:00] | |
| #38 577600 [06 16:26:40] 30800 [00 08:33:20] | |
| #39 608400 [07 01:00:00] 31600 [00 08:46:40] | |
| #40 640000 [07 09:46:40] 32400 [00 09:00:00] | |
| #41 672400 [07 18:46:40] 33200 [00 09:13:20] | |
| #42 705600 [08 04:00:00] 34000 [00 09:26:40] | |
| #43 739600 [08 13:26:40] 34800 [00 09:40:00] | |
| #44 774400 [08 23:06:40] 35600 [00 09:53:20] | |
| #45 810000 [09 09:00:00] 36400 [00 10:06:40] | |
| #46 846400 [09 19:06:40] 37200 [00 10:20:00] | |
| #47 883600 [10 05:26:40] 38000 [00 10:33:20] | |
| #48 921600 [10 16:00:00] 38800 [00 10:46:40] | |
| #49 960400 [11 02:46:40] 39600 [00 11:00:00] | |
| #50 1000000 [11 13:46:40] 40400 [00 11:13:20] | |
| #51 1040400 [12 01:00:00] 41200 [00 11:26:40] | |
| #52 1081600 [12 12:26:40] 42000 [00 11:40:00] | |
| #53 1123600 [13 00:06:40] 42800 [00 11:53:20] | |
| #54 1166400 [13 12:00:00] 43600 [00 12:06:40] | |
| #55 1210000 [14 00:06:40] 44400 [00 12:20:00] | |
| #56 1254400 [14 12:26:40] 45200 [00 12:33:20] | |
| #57 1299600 [15 01:00:00] 46000 [00 12:46:40] | |
| #58 1345600 [15 13:46:40] 46800 [00 13:00:00] | |
| #59 1392400 [16 02:46:40] 47600 [00 13:13:20] | |
| #60 1440000 [16 16:00:00] 48400 [00 13:26:40] | |
| #61 1488400 [17 05:26:40] 49200 [00 13:40:00] | |
| #62 1537600 [17 19:06:40] 50000 [00 13:53:20] | |
| #63 1587600 [18 09:00:00] 50800 [00 14:06:40] | |
| #64 1638400 [18 23:06:40] 51600 [00 14:20:00] | |
| #65 1690000 [19 13:26:40] 52400 [00 14:33:20] | |
| #66 1742400 [20 04:00:00] 53200 [00 14:46:40] | |
| #67 1795600 [20 18:46:40] 54000 [00 15:00:00] | |
| #68 1849600 [21 09:46:40] 54800 [00 15:13:20] | |
| #69 1904400 [22 01:00:00] 55600 [00 15:26:40] | |
| #70 1960000 [22 16:26:40] 56400 [00 15:40:00] | |
| #71 2016400 [23 08:06:40] 57200 [00 15:53:20] | |
| #72 2073600 [24 00:00:00] 58000 [00 16:06:40] | |
| #73 2131600 [24 16:06:40] 58800 [00 16:20:00] | |
| #74 2190400 [25 08:26:40] 59600 [00 16:33:20] |
nice(1) addresses(5), envelopes(5), qmail-control(5), qmail-srs(5), qmail-log(5), qmail-queue(8), qmail-multi(8), drate(1), qmail-start(8), slowq-start(8), slowq-send(8), qscheduler(8), qmail-send(8), qmail-todo(8), qmail-clean(8), qmail-lspawn(8), qmail-dkim(8), dk-filter(8), qmail-rspawn(8), fsync(2) fdatasync(2)