Bluetooth: Deprecate adv auto-resume

The host-based adv auto-resume function has both a problematic
implementation and disagreement in the community around how it should
behave. See the issue linked resolved below for details.

This patch makes the deprecation visible to the user. The user will be
better served by a auto-resume tailored their applications use case,
based on more primitive host API like `conn_cb.recycled`, which has
obvious behavior that is unlikely to change.

Resolves: #72567

Signed-off-by: Aleksander Wasaznik <[email protected]>

doc/releases/migration-guide-4.0.rst

@@ -311,6 +311,78 @@ Bluetooth Classic
 Bluetooth Host
 ==============
 
+Automatic advertiser resumption is deprecated
+---------------------------------------------
+
+.. note::
+
+   This deprecation is compiler-checked. If you get no warnings,
+   you should not be affected.
+
+Deprecated symbols:
+   * :c:enumerator:`BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONNECTABLE`
+   * :c:enumerator:`BT_LE_ADV_OPT_ONE_TIME`
+   * :c:macro:`BT_LE_ADV_CONN`
+
+New symbols:
+   * :c:enumerator:`BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONN`
+   * :c:macro:`BT_LE_ADV_CONN_FAST_1`
+   * :c:macro:`BT_LE_ADV_CONN_FAST_2`
+
+:c:enumerator:`BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONNECTABLE` is a combined
+instruction to make the advertiser connectable and to enable
+automatic resumption. To disable the automatic resumption, use
+:c:enumerator:`BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONN`.
+
+Extended Advertising API with shorthands
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Extended Advertising API ``bt_le_ext_adv_*`` implicitly assumes
+:c:enumerator:`BT_LE_ADV_OPT_ONE_TIME` and never automatically
+resume advertising. Therefore, the following search/replace can
+be applied without thinking:
+
+Replace all
+
+.. code-block:: diff
+
+   -bt_le_ext_adv_create(BT_LE_ADV_CONN, ...)
+   +bt_le_ext_adv_create(BT_LE_ADV_FAST_2, ...)
+
+.. code-block:: diff
+
+   -bt_le_ext_adv_update_param(..., BT_LE_ADV_CONN)
+   +bt_le_ext_adv_update_param(..., BT_LE_ADV_FAST_2)
+
+Extended Advertising API with custom parameters
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+You may have uses of :c:enumerator:`BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONNECTABLE`
+in assignments to a :c:struct:`bt_le_adv_param`. If your struct
+is never passed to :c:func:`bt_le_adv_start`, you should:
+
+* replace :c:enumerator:`BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONNECTABLE` with
+  :c:enumerator:`BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONN`.
+* remove :c:enumerator:`BT_LE_ADV_OPT_ONE_TIME`.
+
+Legacy Advertising API not using automatic resumption
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Any calls to :c:func:`bt_le_adv_start` that use the combination
+:c:enumerator:`BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONNECTABLE` and
+:c:enumerator:`BT_LE_ADV_OPT_ONE_TIME` should have that
+combination replaced with :c:enumerator:`BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONN`.
+
+Legacy Advertising API using automatic resumption
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+For this case, the application has to take over the
+responsibility of restarting the advertiser.
+
+Refer to the extended advertising sample for an example
+implementation of advertiser restarting. The same technique can
+be used for legacy advertising.
+
 Bluetooth Crypto
 ================
 

include/zephyr/bluetooth/bluetooth.h

@@ -525,16 +525,42 @@ enum {
 	/**
 	 * @brief Advertise as connectable.
 	 *
+	 * @deprecated Use @ref BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONN instead.
+	 *
 	 * Advertise as connectable. If not connectable then the type of
 	 * advertising is determined by providing scan response data.
 	 * The advertiser address is determined by the type of advertising
 	 * and/or enabling privacy @kconfig{CONFIG_BT_PRIVACY}.
+	 *
+	 * Starting connectable advertising preallocates a connection
+	 * object. If this fails, the API returns @c -ENOMEM.
+	 *
+	 * When an advertiser set results in a connection creation, the
+	 * controller automatically disables that advertising set.
+	 *
+	 * If the advertising set was started with @ref bt_le_adv_start
+	 * without @ref BT_LE_ADV_OPT_ONE_TIME, the host will attempt to
+	 * resume the advertiser under some conditions.
+	 */
+	BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONNECTABLE __deprecated = BIT(0),
+
+	/**
+	 * @internal
+	 *
+	 * Internal access to the deprecated value to maintain the
+	 * implementation of the deprecated feature.
+	 *
+	 * At the end of the deprecation period, ABI will change so
+	 * `BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONN` is just `BIT(0)`, removing the need for this
+	 * symbol.
 	 */
-	BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONNECTABLE = BIT(0),
+	_BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONNECTABLE = BIT(0),
 
 	/**
 	 * @brief Advertise one time.
 	 *
+	 * @deprecated Use @ref BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONN instead.
+	 *
 	 * Don't try to resume connectable advertising after a connection.
 	 * This option is only meaningful when used together with
 	 * BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONNECTABLE. If set the advertising will be stopped
@@ -546,7 +572,35 @@ enum {
 	 * @ref bt_le_ext_adv_start then this behavior is the default behavior
 	 * and this flag has no effect.
 	 */
-	BT_LE_ADV_OPT_ONE_TIME = BIT(1),
+	BT_LE_ADV_OPT_ONE_TIME __deprecated = BIT(1),
+
+	/**
+	 * @internal
+	 *
+	 * Internal access to the deprecated value to maintain
+	 * the implementation of the deprecated feature.
+	 */
+	_BT_LE_ADV_OPT_ONE_TIME = BIT(1),
+
+	/**
+	 * @brief Connectable advertising
+	 *
+	 * Starting connectable advertising preallocates a connection
+	 * object. If this fails, the API returns @c -ENOMEM.
+	 *
+	 * The advertising set stops immediately after it creates a
+	 * connection. This happens automatically in the controller.
+	 *
+	 * @note To continue advertising after a connection is created,
+	 * the application should listen for the @ref bt_conn_cb.connected
+	 * event and start the advertising set again. Note that the
+	 * advertiser cannot be started when all connection objects are
+	 * in use. In that case, defer starting the advertiser until
+	 * @ref bt_conn_cb.recycled. To continue after a disconnection,
+	 * listen for @ref bt_conn_cb.recycled.
+
+	 */
+	BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONN = BIT(0) | BIT(1),
 
 	/**
 	 * @brief Advertise using identity address.
@@ -625,8 +679,7 @@ enum {
 	 * @brief Support scan response data.
 	 *
 	 * When used together with @ref BT_LE_ADV_OPT_EXT_ADV then this option
-	 * cannot be used together with the @ref BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONNECTABLE
-	 * option.
+	 * cannot be used together with the @ref BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONN option.
 	 * When used together with @ref BT_LE_ADV_OPT_EXT_ADV then scan
 	 * response data must be set.
 	 */
@@ -914,20 +967,61 @@ struct bt_le_per_adv_param {
 		BT_LE_ADV_PARAM_INIT(_options, _int_min, _int_max, _peer) \
 	 })
 
-#define BT_LE_ADV_CONN_DIR(_peer) BT_LE_ADV_PARAM(BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONNECTABLE |  \
-						  BT_LE_ADV_OPT_ONE_TIME, 0, 0,\
-						  _peer)
+#define BT_LE_ADV_CONN_DIR(_peer) BT_LE_ADV_PARAM(BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONN, 0, 0, _peer)
 
+/**
+ * @deprecated This is a convenience macro for @ref
+ * BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONNECTABLE, which is deprecated. Please use
+ * @ref BT_LE_ADV_CONN_FAST_1 or @ref BT_LE_ADV_CONN_FAST_2
+ * instead.
+ */
+#define BT_LE_ADV_CONN                                                                             \
+	BT_LE_ADV_PARAM(BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONNECTABLE, BT_GAP_ADV_FAST_INT_MIN_2,                      \
+			BT_GAP_ADV_FAST_INT_MAX_2, NULL)                                           \
+	__DEPRECATED_MACRO
 
-#define BT_LE_ADV_CONN BT_LE_ADV_PARAM(BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONNECTABLE, \
-				       BT_GAP_ADV_FAST_INT_MIN_2, \
-				       BT_GAP_ADV_FAST_INT_MAX_2, NULL)
+/** @brief GAP recommended connectable advertising
+ *
+ * This is the recommended default for when a person is likely
+ * to be waiting the device to connect or be discovered.
+ *
+ * Use a longer interval to conserve battery at the cost of
+ * responsiveness. Consider entering a lower power state with
+ * longer intervals after a timeout.
+ *
+ * GAP recommends advertisers use this "when user-initiated".
+ * The application developer decides what this means. It can by
+ * any time the user interacts with the device, a press on a
+ * dedicated Bluetooth wakeup button, or anything in-between.
+ *
+ * This is the recommended setting for limited discoverable
+ * mode.
+ *
+ * See Bluetooth Core Specification:
+ * - 3.C.A "Timers and Constants", T_GAP(adv_fast_interval1)
+ * - 3.C.9.3.11 "Connection Establishment Timing parameters"
+ */
+#define BT_LE_ADV_CONN_FAST_1                                                                      \
+	BT_LE_ADV_PARAM(BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONN, BT_GAP_ADV_FAST_INT_MIN_1, BT_GAP_ADV_FAST_INT_MAX_1,  \
+			NULL)
 
-/** This is the recommended default for connectable advertisers.
+/** @brief Connectable advertising with
+ * T_GAP(adv_fast_interval2)
+ *
+ * The advertising interval corresponds to what was offered as
+ * `BT_LE_ADV_CONN` in Zephyr 3.6 and earlier, but unlike
+ * `BT_LE_ADV_CONN`, the host does not automatically resume the
+ * advertiser after it results in a connection.
+ *
+ * See Bluetooth Core Specification:
+ * - 3.C.A "Timers and Constants", T_GAP(adv_fast_interval1)
+ * - 3.C.9.3.11 "Connection Establishment Timing parameters"
  */
-#define BT_LE_ADV_CONN_ONE_TIME                                                                    \
-	BT_LE_ADV_PARAM(BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONNECTABLE | BT_LE_ADV_OPT_ONE_TIME,                        \
-			BT_GAP_ADV_FAST_INT_MIN_2, BT_GAP_ADV_FAST_INT_MAX_2, NULL)
+#define BT_LE_ADV_CONN_FAST_2                                                                      \
+	BT_LE_ADV_PARAM(BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONN, BT_GAP_ADV_FAST_INT_MIN_2, BT_GAP_ADV_FAST_INT_MAX_2,  \
+			NULL)
+
+#define BT_LE_ADV_CONN_ONE_TIME BT_LE_ADV_CONN_FAST_2 __DEPRECATED_MACRO
 
 /**
  * @deprecated This macro will be removed in the near future, see
@@ -950,11 +1044,9 @@ struct bt_le_per_adv_param {
 					    BT_GAP_ADV_FAST_INT_MAX_2, NULL) \
 					    __DEPRECATED_MACRO
 
-#define BT_LE_ADV_CONN_DIR_LOW_DUTY(_peer) \
-	BT_LE_ADV_PARAM(BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONNECTABLE | BT_LE_ADV_OPT_ONE_TIME | \
-			BT_LE_ADV_OPT_DIR_MODE_LOW_DUTY, \
-			BT_GAP_ADV_FAST_INT_MIN_2, BT_GAP_ADV_FAST_INT_MAX_2, \
-			_peer)
+#define BT_LE_ADV_CONN_DIR_LOW_DUTY(_peer)                                                         \
+	BT_LE_ADV_PARAM(BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONN | BT_LE_ADV_OPT_DIR_MODE_LOW_DUTY,                      \
+			BT_GAP_ADV_FAST_INT_MIN_2, BT_GAP_ADV_FAST_INT_MAX_2, _peer)
 
 /** Non-connectable advertising with private address */
 #define BT_LE_ADV_NCONN BT_LE_ADV_PARAM(0, BT_GAP_ADV_FAST_INT_MIN_2, \
@@ -978,11 +1070,9 @@ struct bt_le_per_adv_param {
 						 NULL)
 
 /** Connectable extended advertising */
-#define BT_LE_EXT_ADV_CONN BT_LE_ADV_PARAM(BT_LE_ADV_OPT_EXT_ADV | \
-					   BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONNECTABLE, \
-					   BT_GAP_ADV_FAST_INT_MIN_2, \
-					   BT_GAP_ADV_FAST_INT_MAX_2, \
-					   NULL)
+#define BT_LE_EXT_ADV_CONN                                                                         \
+	BT_LE_ADV_PARAM(BT_LE_ADV_OPT_EXT_ADV | BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONN, BT_GAP_ADV_FAST_INT_MIN_2,     \
+			BT_GAP_ADV_FAST_INT_MAX_2, NULL)
 
 /**
  * @deprecated This macro will be removed in the near future, see

samples/bluetooth/direct_adv/src/main.c

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ static void bt_ready(void)
 		adv_param.options |= BT_LE_ADV_OPT_DIR_ADDR_RPA;
 		err = bt_le_adv_start(&adv_param, NULL, 0, NULL, 0);
 	} else {
-		err = bt_le_adv_start(BT_LE_ADV_CONN_ONE_TIME, ad, ARRAY_SIZE(ad), NULL, 0);
+		err = bt_le_adv_start(BT_LE_ADV_CONN_FAST_1, ad, ARRAY_SIZE(ad), NULL, 0);
 	}
 
 	if (err) {

samples/bluetooth/direction_finding_peripheral/src/main.c

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ static void bt_ready(void)
 
 	printk("Bluetooth initialized\n");
 
-	err = bt_le_adv_start(BT_LE_ADV_CONN_ONE_TIME, ad, ARRAY_SIZE(ad), NULL, 0);
+	err = bt_le_adv_start(BT_LE_ADV_CONN_FAST_1, ad, ARRAY_SIZE(ad), NULL, 0);
 	if (err) {
 		printk("Advertising failed to start (err %d)\n", err);
 		return;

samples/bluetooth/eddystone/src/main.c

@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ static int eds_slot_restart(struct eds_slot *slot, uint8_t type)
 			addr = oob.addr;
 		}
 
-		err = bt_le_adv_start(BT_LE_ADV_CONN_ONE_TIME, ad, ARRAY_SIZE(ad), NULL, 0);
+		err = bt_le_adv_start(BT_LE_ADV_CONN_FAST_1, ad, ARRAY_SIZE(ad), NULL, 0);
 	} else {
 		size_t count = 1;
 
@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ static void bt_ready(int err)
 	printk("Bluetooth initialized\n");
 
 	/* Start advertising */
-	err = bt_le_adv_start(BT_LE_ADV_CONN_ONE_TIME, ad, ARRAY_SIZE(ad), sd, ARRAY_SIZE(sd));
+	err = bt_le_adv_start(BT_LE_ADV_CONN_FAST_1, ad, ARRAY_SIZE(ad), sd, ARRAY_SIZE(sd));
 	if (err) {
 		printk("Advertising failed to start (err %d)\n", err);
 		return;

samples/bluetooth/encrypted_advertising/peripheral/src/peripheral_ead.c

@@ -128,21 +128,10 @@ static bool rpa_expired_cb(struct bt_le_ext_adv *adv)
 static int create_adv(struct bt_le_ext_adv **adv)
 {
 	int err;
-	struct bt_le_adv_param params;
-
-	memset(&params, 0, sizeof(struct bt_le_adv_param));
-
-	params.options |= BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONNECTABLE;
-	params.options |= BT_LE_ADV_OPT_EXT_ADV;
-
-	params.id = BT_ID_DEFAULT;
-	params.sid = 0;
-	params.interval_min = BT_GAP_ADV_FAST_INT_MIN_2;
-	params.interval_max = BT_GAP_ADV_FAST_INT_MAX_2;
 
 	adv_cb.rpa_expired = rpa_expired_cb;
 
-	err = bt_le_ext_adv_create(&params, &adv_cb, adv);
+	err = bt_le_ext_adv_create(BT_LE_EXT_ADV_CONN, &adv_cb, adv);
 	if (err) {
 		LOG_ERR("Failed to create advertiser (%d)", err);
 		return -1;

samples/bluetooth/hci_pwr_ctrl/src/main.c

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ static K_THREAD_STACK_DEFINE(pwr_thread_stack, 512);
 static const int8_t txpower[DEVICE_BEACON_TXPOWER_NUM] = {4, 0, -3, -8,
 							  -15, -18, -23, -30};
 static const struct bt_le_adv_param *param =
-	BT_LE_ADV_PARAM(BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONNECTABLE | BT_LE_ADV_OPT_ONE_TIME, 0x0020, 0x0020, NULL);
+	BT_LE_ADV_PARAM(BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONN, 0x0020, 0x0020, NULL);
 
 static void read_conn_rssi(uint16_t handle, int8_t *rssi)
 {

samples/bluetooth/iso_connected_benchmark/src/main.c

@@ -1279,10 +1279,7 @@ static int run_peripheral(void)
 	}
 
 	LOG_INF("Starting advertising");
-	err = bt_le_adv_start(
-		BT_LE_ADV_PARAM(BT_LE_ADV_OPT_ONE_TIME | BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONNECTABLE,
-				BT_GAP_ADV_FAST_INT_MIN_2, BT_GAP_ADV_FAST_INT_MAX_2, NULL),
-		NULL, 0, sd, ARRAY_SIZE(sd));
+	err = bt_le_adv_start(BT_LE_ADV_CONN_FAST_1, NULL, 0, sd, ARRAY_SIZE(sd));
 	if (err != 0) {
 		LOG_ERR("Advertising failed to start: %d", err);
 		return err;

samples/bluetooth/iso_peripheral/src/main.c

@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ int main(void)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	err = bt_le_adv_start(BT_LE_ADV_CONN_ONE_TIME, ad, ARRAY_SIZE(ad), sd, ARRAY_SIZE(sd));
+	err = bt_le_adv_start(BT_LE_ADV_CONN_FAST_1, ad, ARRAY_SIZE(ad), sd, ARRAY_SIZE(sd));
 	if (err) {
 		printk("Advertising failed to start (err %d)\n", err);
 		return 0;

samples/bluetooth/mtu_update/peripheral/src/peripheral_mtu_update.c

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ void run_peripheral_sample(uint8_t *notify_data, size_t notify_data_size, uint16
 	struct bt_gatt_attr *notify_crch =
 		bt_gatt_find_by_uuid(mtu_test.attrs, 0xffff, &notify_characteristic_uuid.uuid);
 
-	bt_le_adv_start(BT_LE_ADV_CONN_ONE_TIME, adv_ad_data, ARRAY_SIZE(adv_ad_data), NULL, 0);
+	bt_le_adv_start(BT_LE_ADV_CONN_FAST_1, adv_ad_data, ARRAY_SIZE(adv_ad_data), NULL, 0);
 
 	bool infinite = seconds == 0;
 

samples/bluetooth/periodic_sync_rsp/src/main.c

@@ -231,10 +231,7 @@ int main(void)
 	}
 
 	do {
-		err = bt_le_adv_start(
-			BT_LE_ADV_PARAM(BT_LE_ADV_OPT_ONE_TIME | BT_LE_ADV_OPT_CONNECTABLE,
-					BT_GAP_ADV_FAST_INT_MIN_2, BT_GAP_ADV_FAST_INT_MAX_2, NULL),
-			ad, ARRAY_SIZE(ad), NULL, 0);
+		err = bt_le_adv_start(BT_LE_ADV_CONN_FAST_1, sd, ARRAY_SIZE(sd), NULL, 0);
 		if (err && err != -EALREADY) {
 			printk("Advertising failed to start (err %d)\n", err);
 

samples/bluetooth/peripheral/src/main.c

@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ static void bt_ready(void)
 		settings_load();
 	}
 
-	err = bt_le_adv_start(BT_LE_ADV_CONN_ONE_TIME, ad, ARRAY_SIZE(ad), sd, ARRAY_SIZE(sd));
+	err = bt_le_adv_start(BT_LE_ADV_CONN_FAST_1, ad, ARRAY_SIZE(ad), sd, ARRAY_SIZE(sd));
 	if (err) {
 		printk("Advertising failed to start (err %d)\n", err);
 		return;

samples/bluetooth/peripheral_accept_list/src/main.c

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ static void bt_ready(void)
 	bond_count = 0;
 	bt_foreach_bond(BT_ID_DEFAULT, add_bonded_addr_to_filter_list, NULL);
 
-	adv_param = *BT_LE_ADV_CONN_ONE_TIME;
+	adv_param = *BT_LE_ADV_CONN_FAST_1;
 
 	/* If we have got at least one bond, activate the filter */
 	if (bond_count) {