feat: reactive_task decorator (re)runs a task when a dependency changes

Dependencies are other reactive variables.

Examples:

```
import asyncio
import time
import solara
from solara.lab import reactive_task

x = solara.reactive(2)

@reactive_task
async def x_square():
    await asyncio.sleep(2)
    a = b
    return x.value**2

@solara.component
def Page():
    solara.SliderInt("x", value=x, min=0, max=10)
    if x_square.value.state == solara.ResultState.FINISHED:
        solara.Text(repr(x_square.value.value))
    solara.ProgressLinear(x_square.value.state == solara.ResultState.RUNNING)
```

solara/lab/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # isort: skip_file
 from .components import *  # noqa: F401, F403
-from ..tasks import task, use_task, Task  # noqa: F401, F403
+from ..tasks import reactive_task, task, use_task, Task  # noqa: F401, F403
 
 
 def __getattr__(name):

solara/tasks.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 import threading
 from typing import (
     Any,
+    Awaitable,
     Callable,
     Coroutine,
     Generic,
@@ -432,3 +433,94 @@ def run():
         return wrapper
     else:
         return wrapper(f)
+
+
+@overload
+def reactive_task(
+    function: None = None,
+) -> Callable[[Callable[[], R]], solara.Reactive[solara.Result[R]]]:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def reactive_task(
+    function: Callable[[], R],
+) -> solara.Reactive[solara.Result[R]]:
+    ...
+
+
+def reactive_task(
+    function: Union[None, Callable[[], Union[Coroutine[Any, Any, R], R]]] = None,
+) -> Union[Callable[[Callable[[], R]], solara.Reactive[solara.Result[R]]], solara.Reactive[solara.Result[R]]]:
+    """Decorator to turn a function into a task that auto-executes when one of its dependencies changes.
+
+
+    The decorator returns a [reactive variable](/api/reactive) with the Result object as its value.
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```solara
+    import asyncio
+    import time
+    import solara
+    from solara.lab import reactive_task
+
+
+    x = solara.reactive(2)
+
+    # now x_square is a Reactive[Result[int]]
+    @reactive_task
+    async def x_square():
+        await asyncio.sleep(2)
+        a = b
+        return x.value**2
+
+
+    @solara.component
+    def Page():
+        solara.SliderInt("x", value=x, min=0, max=10)
+        if x_square.value.state == solara.ResultState.FINISHED:
+            solara.Text(repr(x_square.value.value))
+        solara.ProgressLinear(x_square.value.state == solara.ResultState.RUNNING)
+
+    ```
+
+    """
+
+    def wrapper(func: Callable[[], Union[Coroutine[Any, Any, R], R]]) -> solara.Reactive[solara.Result[R]]:
+        from solara.toestand import AutoSubscribeContextManager
+
+        def create_task():
+            auto_subscriber: AutoSubscribeContextManager
+            if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(function):
+                task: Task[[], R]
+
+                async def run_function_with_auto_subscribe_async():
+                    with auto_subscriber:
+                        return await cast(Awaitable[R], func())
+
+                task = TaskAsyncio(run_function_with_auto_subscribe_async)
+            else:
+
+                def run_function_with_auto_subscribe():
+                    with auto_subscriber:
+                        return func()
+
+                task = TaskThreaded(cast(Callable[[], R], run_function_with_auto_subscribe))
+
+            def on_reactive_variable_change(old_value, new_value):
+                task()
+
+            auto_subscriber = AutoSubscribeContextManager(on_reactive_variable_change)
+            # used in tests
+            task.result._task = task  # type: ignore
+            task.result._auto_subscriber = auto_subscriber  # type: ignore
+            task()
+            return task.result
+
+        return cast(solara.Reactive[solara.Result[R]], Proxy(create_task))
+
+    if function is None:
+        return wrapper
+    else:
+        return wrapper(function)

solara/toestand.py

@@ -627,9 +627,9 @@ def cleanup():
 
 
 class AutoSubscribeContextManager(AutoSubscribeContextManagerBase):
-    on_change: Callable[[], None]
+    on_change: Callable[[Any, Any], None]
 
-    def __init__(self, on_change: Callable[[], None]):
+    def __init__(self, on_change: Callable[[Any, Any], None]):
         super().__init__()
         self.on_change = on_change
 

tests/unit/task_test.py

@@ -472,3 +472,49 @@ async def work():
     while result.state in [solara.ResultState.STARTING, solara.ResultState.RUNNING]:
         await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
     assert last_value == 99
+
+
+def test_reactive_task(no_kernel_context):
+    context_id = "1"
+    x = solara.reactive(1)
+    y = solara.reactive(2)
+    calls = 0
+
+    from solara.tasks import reactive_task
+
+    def conditional_add():
+        nonlocal calls
+        calls += 1
+        if x.value == 0:
+            return 42
+        else:
+            return x.value + y.value
+
+    z = reactive_task(conditional_add)
+
+    kernel1 = kernel.Kernel()
+    context1 = kernel_context.VirtualKernelContext(id="1", kernel=kernel1, session_id="session-1")
+    with context1:
+        # assert z._auto_subscriber.value.reactive_used is None
+        assert z.value.value is None
+        z._task._last_finished_event.wait()  # type: ignore
+        assert z._auto_subscriber.reactive_used == {x, y}  # type: ignore
+        assert z.value.value == 3
+        # assert z._auto_subscriber.subscribed == 1
+        assert len(x._storage.listeners[context_id]) == 0
+        assert len(x._storage.listeners2[context_id]) == 1
+        assert len(y._storage.listeners[context_id]) == 0
+        assert len(y._storage.listeners2[context_id]) == 1
+        assert calls == 1
+        x.value = 2
+        z._task._last_finished_event.wait()  # type: ignore
+        assert z.value.value == 4
+        assert z._auto_subscriber.reactive_used == {x, y}  # type: ignore
+        assert calls == 2
+        y.value = 3
+        z._task._last_finished_event.wait()  # type: ignore
+        assert z.value.value == 5
+        assert z._auto_subscriber.reactive_used == {x, y}  # type: ignore
+        assert calls == 3
+        assert len(x._storage.listeners2[context_id]) == 1
+        assert len(y._storage.listeners2[context_id]) == 1