fix: compilation error when nested specialization of generic types

Signed-off-by: ganjing <[email protected]>

doc/developer-guide/generic.md

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+# Generic Type Process
+
+## Generic Types
+At present, the processing of generic types mainly focuses on generic functions and generic classes.  
+
+### generic function
+```
+function genericFunc<T>(param: T): T {
+    return param;
+}
+
+export function numberFunc() {
+    console.log(genericFunc(100));
+}
+```
+
+### generic class
+```
+class GenericClass<X> {
+    x: X;
+
+    constructor(x: X) {
+        this.x = x;
+    }
+    echo(param: X) {
+        return param;
+    }
+}
+
+const a = new GenericClass('string');
+console.log(a.echo('hello world'));
+```
+
+## Type Process
+This compiler will perform multiple scans during the `syntax` processing stage, the processing of types runs through these scans.  
+After the `syntax` processing stage, basic types (such as ***number***, ***string***) will be passed directly to the next processing stage; complex types (such as ***class***, ***function***) will generate `Scope`s (such as ***ClassScope***, ***FunctionScope***) for processing in the `semantic` processing stage.  
+The creation of each `Scope` relies on the corresponding ***DeclarationNode*** in AST tree. Take the following case as an example to explain how the compiler processes generic types.
+
+- - -
+
+```
+// example.ts
+function genericFunc<T>(param: T): T {
+    return param;
+}
+
+class GenericClass<X> {
+    x: X;
+
+    constructor(x: X) {
+        this.x = x;
+    }
+    echo(param: X) {
+        return param;
+    }
+}
+
+const ret = genericFunc(100);
+console.log(ret);
+
+const a = new GenericClass('string');
+const echoWord = a.echo('hello world');
+console.log(echoWord);
+```
+- - -
+
+### Scope Scan
+Starting from the root node of the syntax tree, traverse the entire AST: 
+- when a ***SourceFile*** node is scanned, a `GlobalScope` is created
+- when a ***ClassDeclaration*** node is scanned, a `ClassScope` is created
+- when a ***FunctionDeclaration*** node is scanned, a `FunctionScope` is created
+
+After this scan, the compiler will create a scope tree with `GlobalScope` as the root for each ts source file to organize the file content.  
+
+<div align=center>
+	<img src="./img/scope_tree.png"/>
+</div>
+
+- - -
+
+### Type Scan
+In this scanning phase, the compiler mainly processes the following nodes in the AST: 
+- **VariableDeclarationNode**: create a type based on the initialization expression of the variable
+- **Parameter**: create a type based on the type information of the parameter
+- **ClassDeclarationNode**: create a `TSClass` type
+- **InterfaceDeclarationNode**: create a `TSInterface` type
+- **FunctionDeclarationNode**: create a `TSFunction` type
+
+After creating a new type, the type information will be stored in parent scope's ***namedTypeMap***.  
+
+<div align=center>
+	<img src="./img/type_scan.png"/>
+</div>
+
+- - -
+
+### Variable scan
+In the variable scan phase, the compiler will analyze and process the ***VariableDeclarationNode*** and ***Parameter*** starting from the root of the AST. At this time, the specialization of generic types may be performed.   
+
+- - -
+
+#### Specialization of Generic Function
+When processing the global variable `const ret = genericFunc(100);`, the specialization of the generic function will be performed.
+
+```
+The time for specializing a generic function is when the function is called.
+```
+
+Specialization of generic functions mainly performs the following two operations:
+- generate a new `TSFunction` type based on the type arguments and the generic `TSFunction` type
+- generate a new `FunctionScope` based on the type arguments and the generic `FunctionScope`  
+
+<div align=center>
+	<img src="./img/generic_function_specialization.png"/>
+</div>
+
+The parameters and local variables in the new `FunctionScope` will not be processed at this time. We will process them uniformly when processing statements.  
+
+- - -
+
+#### Specialization of Generic Class
+When processing the global variable `const a = new GenericClass('string');`, the specialization of the generic class will be performed.
+
+```
+The time for specializing a generic class is when creating an class instance.
+```
+
+Specialization of generic classes mainly performs the following two operations:
+- generate a new `TSClass` type based on the type arguments and the generic `TSClass` type
+- generate a new `ClassScope` based on the type arguments and the generic `ClassScope`  
+
+<div align=center>
+	<img src="./img/generic_class_specialization.png"/>
+</div>
+
+- - -
+
+### Statement Scan
+In this scanning phase, the compiler generates the statements in `FunctionScope` based on the content of **FunctionDeclarationNode**.
+
+<div align=center>
+	<img src="./img/statement_scan.png"/>
+</div>
+
+- - -
+
+Since the specialized function does not have a corresponding **FunctionDeclarationNode** on the AST tree, the generation of its statements relies on the generic `FunctionScope`:
+- generate a specialized **ParameterArray** based on **ParameterArray** and type arguments of generic `FunctionScope`
+- generate a specialized **VariableArray**(such as ***context***, ***this***) based on **VariableArray** and type arguments of generic `FunctionScope`
+- generate new statements based on the **StatementArray** and type arguments of the generic `FunctionScope`. When processing a VariableStatement, after specializing this statement, add the local variable represented by the statement to **VariableArray**.
+
+<div align=center>
+	<img src="./img/specialized_statement_gen.png"/>
+</div>
+
+- - -
+
+### specialized type generation
+After these scanning phases, the specialization of a generic type is completed.