feat(examples): Add Rust examples

README.md

@@ -30,6 +30,10 @@ kraft pkg ls --apps --update
 | ![](./.github/icons/go.svg) | [Simple Go 1.21 HTTP Web Server with `net/http`](https://github.com/unikraft/catalog/tree/main/examples/http-go1.21) |
 | ![](./.github/icons/python3.svg) | [Simple Flask 3.0 HTTP Web Server](https://github.com/unikraft/catalog/tree/main/examples/http-python3.10-flask3.0) |
 | ![](./.github/icons/python3.svg) | [Simple Python 3.10 HTTP Web Server with `http.server.HTTPServer`](https://github.com/unikraft/catalog/tree/main/examples/http-python3.10) |
+| ![](./.github/icons/rust-white.svg) | [Rust Actix Web Server](https://github.com/unikraft/catalog/tree/main/examples/http-rust1.75-actix-web4) |
+| ![](./.github/icons/rust-white.svg) | [Rust/Rocket v0.5](https://github.com/unikraft/catalog/tree/main/examples/http-rust1.75-rocket0.5) |
+| ![](./.github/icons/rust-white.svg) | [Rust/Tokio Server](https://github.com/unikraft/catalog/tree/main/examples/http-rust1.75-tokio) |
+| ![](./.github/icons/rust-white.svg) | [Rust HTTP Web Server](https://github.com/unikraft/catalog/tree/main/examples/http-rust1.75) |
 
 ## Library
 

examples/http-rust1.75-actix-web4/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[package]
+name = "hello"
+version = "0.0.0"
+edition = "2021"
+publish = false
+
+[dependencies]
+actix-web = "4"

examples/http-rust1.75-actix-web4/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+FROM rust:1.75.0-bookworm AS build
+
+RUN cargo new --bin app
+WORKDIR /app
+COPY Cargo.toml ./
+COPY src ./src
+RUN cargo build --release
+
+FROM scratch
+
+COPY --from=build /app/target/release/hello /server
+COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
+COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
+COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
+COPY --from=build /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib64/

examples/http-rust1.75-actix-web4/Kraftfile

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+spec: v0.6
+
+runtime: base:latest
+
+rootfs: ./Dockerfile
+
+cmd: ["/server"]

examples/http-rust1.75-actix-web4/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# Rust Actix Web Server
+
+This directory contains an [Actix](https://actix.rs/) web server running on Unikraft.
+
+## Set Up
+
+To run this example, [install Unikraft's companion command-line toolchain `kraft`](https://unikraft.org/docs/cli), clone this repository and `cd` into this directory.
+
+## Run and Use
+
+Use `kraft` to run the image and start a Unikraft instance:
+
+```bash
+kraft run --rm -p 8080:8080 --plat qemu --arch x86_64
+```
+
+If the `--plat` argument is left out, it defaults to `qemu`.
+If the `--arch` argument is left out, it defaults to your system's CPU architecture.
+
+Once executed, it will open port `8080` and wait for connections.
+To test it, you can use `curl`:
+
+```bash
+curl localhost:8080
+```
+
+You should see a "Hello, World!" message.
+
+## Inspect and Close
+
+To list information about the Unikraft instance, use:
+
+```bash
+kraft ps
+```
+
+```text
+NAME                 KERNEL                          ARGS        CREATED         STATUS   MEM   PLAT
+admiring_ndakasi     oci://unikraft.org/base:latest  /server     1 minute ago    running  64MiB  0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp  qemu/x86_64
+```
+
+The instance name is `nostalgic_snowflake`.
+To close the Unikraft instance, close the `kraft` process (e.g., via `Ctrl+c`) or run:
+
+```bash
+kraft rm nostalgic_snowflake
+```
+
+Note that depending on how you modify this example your instance **may** need more memory to run.
+To do so, use the `kraft run`'s `-M` flag, for example:
+
+```bash
+kraft run -p 8080:8080 --plat qemu --arch x86_64 -M 512M
+```
+
+## `kraft` and `sudo`
+
+Mixing invocations of `kraft` and `sudo` can lead to unexpected behavior.
+Read more about how to start `kraft` without `sudo` at [https://unikraft.org/sudoless](https://unikraft.org/sudoless).
+
+## Learn More
+
+- [How to run unikernels locally](https://unikraft.org/docs/cli/running)
+- [Building `Dockerfile` Images with `BuildKit`](https://unikraft.org/guides/building-dockerfile-images-with-buildkit)

examples/http-rust1.75-actix-web4/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+use actix_web::{get, post, web, App, HttpResponse, HttpServer, Responder};
+
+#[get("/")]
+async fn hello() -> impl Responder {
+    HttpResponse::Ok().body("Hello, World!\r\n")
+}
+
+#[post("/echo")]
+async fn echo(req_body: String) -> impl Responder {
+    HttpResponse::Ok().body(req_body)
+}
+
+async fn manual_hello() -> impl Responder {
+    HttpResponse::Ok().body("Hey there!")
+}
+
+#[actix_web::main]
+async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    HttpServer::new(|| {
+        App::new()
+            .service(hello)
+            .service(echo)
+            .route("/hey", web::get().to(manual_hello))
+    })
+    .bind(("0.0.0.0", 8080))?
+    .run()
+    .await
+}

examples/http-rust1.75-rocket0.5/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[package]
+name = "hello"
+version = "0.0.0"
+edition = "2021"
+publish = false
+
+[dependencies]
+rocket = "0.5.0"

examples/http-rust1.75-rocket0.5/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+FROM rust:1.75.0-bookworm AS build
+
+RUN cargo new --bin app
+WORKDIR /app
+COPY Cargo.toml ./
+COPY Rocket.toml ./
+COPY src ./src
+RUN cargo build --release
+
+FROM scratch
+
+COPY ./Rocket.toml /Rocket.toml
+COPY --from=build /app/target/release/hello /server
+COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
+COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
+COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
+COPY --from=build /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib64/

examples/http-rust1.75-rocket0.5/Kraftfile

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+spec: v0.6
+
+runtime: base:latest
+
+rootfs: ./Dockerfile
+
+cmd: ["/server"]

examples/http-rust1.75-rocket0.5/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+# Rust/Rocket v0.5
+
+This example was derived from [Rocket's "hello" example](https://github.com/rwf2/Rocket/tree/v0.5/examples/hello).
+
+## Set Up
+
+To run this example, [install Unikraft's companion command-line toolchain `kraft`](https://unikraft.org/docs/cli), clone this repository and `cd` into this directory.
+
+## Run and Use
+
+Use `kraft` to run the image and start a Unikraft instance:
+
+```bash
+kraft run --rm -p 8080:8080 --plat qemu --arch x86_64
+```
+
+If the `--plat` argument is left out, it defaults to `qemu`.
+If the `--arch` argument is left out, it defaults to your system's CPU architecture.
+
+Once executed, it will open port `8080` and wait for connections.
+To test it, you can use `curl`.
+Try one of these available endpoints:
+
+```bash
+Then try visiting one of the available paths:
+- https://<NAME>.<METRO>.kraft.cloud/hello/world
+- https://<NAME>.<METRO>.kraft.cloud/hello/мир
+- https://<NAME>.<METRO>.kraft.cloud/wave/Rocketeer/100
+- https://<NAME>.<METRO>.kraft.cloud/?emoji
+- https://<NAME>.<METRO>.kraft.cloud/?name=Rocketeer
+- https://<NAME>.<METRO>.kraft.cloud/?lang=ру
+- https://<NAME>.<METRO>.kraft.cloud/?lang=ру&emoji
+- https://<NAME>.<METRO>.kraft.cloud/?emoji&lang=en
+- https://<NAME>.<METRO>.kraft.cloud/?name=Rocketeer&lang=en
+- https://<NAME>.<METRO>.kraft.cloud/?emoji&name=Rocketeer
+- https://<NAME>.<METRO>.kraft.cloud/?name=Rocketeer&lang=en&emoji
+- https://<NAME>.<METRO>.kraft.cloud/?lang=ru&emoji&name=Rocketeer
+```
+
+## Inspect and Close
+
+To list information about the Unikraft instance, use:
+
+```bash
+kraft ps
+```
+
+```text
+NAME                 KERNEL                          ARGS        CREATED         STATUS   MEM   PLAT
+admiring_ndakasi     oci://unikraft.org/base:latest  /server     1 minute ago    running  64MiB  0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp  qemu/x86_64
+```
+
+The instance name is `nostalgic_snowflake`.
+To close the Unikraft instance, close the `kraft` process (e.g., via `Ctrl+c`) or run:
+
+```bash
+kraft rm nostalgic_snowflake
+```
+
+Note that depending on how you modify this example your instance **may** need more memory to run.
+To do so, use the `kraft run`'s `-M` flag, for example:
+
+```bash
+kraft run -p 8080:8080 --plat qemu --arch x86_64 -M 512M
+```
+
+## `kraft` and `sudo`
+
+Mixing invocations of `kraft` and `sudo` can lead to unexpected behavior.
+Read more about how to start `kraft` without `sudo` at [https://unikraft.org/sudoless](https://unikraft.org/sudoless).
+
+## Learn More
+
+- [How to run unikernels locally](https://unikraft.org/docs/cli/running)
+- [Building `Dockerfile` Images with `BuildKit`](https://unikraft.org/guides/building-dockerfile-images-with-buildkit)

examples/http-rust1.75-rocket0.5/Rocket.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[default]
+address = "0.0.0.0"
+port = 8080

examples/http-rust1.75-rocket0.5/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#[macro_use] extern crate rocket;
+
+#[cfg(test)] mod tests;
+
+#[derive(FromFormField)]
+enum Lang {
+    #[field(value = "en")]
+    English,
+    #[field(value = "ru")]
+    #[field(value = "ру")]
+    Russian
+}
+
+#[derive(FromForm)]
+struct Options<'r> {
+    emoji: bool,
+    name: Option<&'r str>,
+}
+
+// Try visiting:
+//   http://127.0.0.1:8000/hello/world
+#[get("/world")]
+fn world() -> &'static str {
+    "Hello, World!"
+}
+
+// Try visiting:
+//   http://127.0.0.1:8000/hello/мир
+#[get("/мир")]
+fn mir() -> &'static str {
+    "Привет, мир!"
+}
+
+// Try visiting:
+//   http://127.0.0.1:8000/wave/Rocketeer/100
+#[get("/<name>/<age>")]
+fn wave(name: &str, age: u8) -> String {
+    format!("👋 Hello, {} year old named {}!", age, name)
+}
+
+// Note: without the `..` in `opt..`, we'd need to pass `opt.emoji`, `opt.name`.
+//
+// Try visiting:
+//   http://127.0.0.1:8000/?emoji
+//   http://127.0.0.1:8000/?name=Rocketeer
+//   http://127.0.0.1:8000/?lang=ру
+//   http://127.0.0.1:8000/?lang=ру&emoji
+//   http://127.0.0.1:8000/?emoji&lang=en
+//   http://127.0.0.1:8000/?name=Rocketeer&lang=en
+//   http://127.0.0.1:8000/?emoji&name=Rocketeer
+//   http://127.0.0.1:8000/?name=Rocketeer&lang=en&emoji
+//   http://127.0.0.1:8000/?lang=ru&emoji&name=Rocketeer
+#[get("/?<lang>&<opt..>")]
+fn hello(lang: Option<Lang>, opt: Options<'_>) -> String {
+    let mut greeting = String::new();
+    if opt.emoji {
+        greeting.push_str("👋 ");
+    }
+
+    match lang {
+        Some(Lang::Russian) => greeting.push_str("Привет"),
+        Some(Lang::English) => greeting.push_str("Hello"),
+        None => greeting.push_str("Hi"),
+    }
+
+    if let Some(name) = opt.name {
+        greeting.push_str(", ");
+        greeting.push_str(name);
+    }
+
+    greeting.push('!');
+    greeting
+}
+
+#[launch]
+fn rocket() -> _ {
+    rocket::build()
+        .mount("/", routes![hello])
+        .mount("/hello", routes![world, mir])
+        .mount("/wave", routes![wave])
+}

examples/http-rust1.75-tokio/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[package]
+name = "http-tokio"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+
+[dependencies]
+tokio = {version = "1",  features = ["rt-multi-thread", "net", "time", "macros", "io-util"] }

examples/http-rust1.75-tokio/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+FROM rust:1.75.0-bookworm AS build
+
+WORKDIR /src
+
+COPY ./src /src/src
+COPY ./Cargo.toml /src/Cargo.toml
+
+RUN cargo build
+
+FROM scratch
+
+COPY --from=build src/target/debug/http-tokio /server
+COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
+COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6
+COPY --from=build /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
+COPY --from=build /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2

examples/http-rust1.75-tokio/Kraftfile

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+spec: v0.6
+
+runtime: base:latest
+
+rootfs: ./Dockerfile
+
+cmd: ["/server"]