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title = 'Distributed Systems' | ||
date = 2023-12-18T13:59:39+08:00 | ||
draft = false | ||
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# Distributed Systems - Maarten van Steen, Andrew S. Tanenbaum | ||
![](/emergen-c/distsys/maarten-cover.jpg) | ||
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title = 'Epoxy: ACID Transactions Across Diverse Data Stores' | ||
date = 2023-12-20T11:06:35+08:00 | ||
draft = true | ||
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![](../../static/epoxy/epoxy-logo.jpg) | ||
## Introduction | ||
一個線上商店可能會在 Postgres 中處理客戶交易,但在 Elasticsearch 中存儲商品數據以實現快速搜索,並在 S3 中存儲圖片以節省存儲成本;這些專門系統對於此類任務比關係型數據庫(RDBMS)更有效。 | ||
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## Objective | ||
* Heterogenous Transaction (RDBMS, Dociment, Object Store...) | ||
* MVCC 的方式管理 Heterogenous Txn | ||
* 只需要有 Durable Write 的 Data Source 即可,不需要手動實作 2PC | ||
* 實作 < 1K LOC: Postgres, Elasticsearch, MongoDB, Google Cloud Storage, MySQL | ||
* Overhead (TPC-C, Micro-service workload) | ||
* Read-mostly: 10% | ||
* Write-heavy: 72% | ||
* Require | ||
* Exclusive mode -> Accessing Table | ||
* Durable Write | ||
## Compare to History | ||
* 教科書做法: X/Open XA | ||
缺點: 很多都不支援 2PC,例如: MongoDB, CockroachDB, and Redis | ||
* 先前的作法: Cherry Garcia | ||
缺點: Heterogenous 有 ACID 但只限於 Key-Value Operation | ||
* 先前的作法: Skeena | ||
缺點: 假設要在 share-memory 的條件下 | ||
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## Concept | ||
### Architecture | ||
![](../../static/epoxy/epoxy-architecture.jpg) | ||
### Requirements | ||
* Primary: Isolation LeveL > Snapshot | ||
* Secondary: | ||
* Single-object Write: Durable, Linearizable | ||
* Record 都有獨立的 Key | ||
* Exclusive mode | ||
* Records 可以被 Metadata Filtering | ||
* 如果 Secondary Store 不支援,不是說不能做到,只是暗示了每一次都需要去 Primary 拿資料,Overhead 高到不切實際 | ||
### Interface & Example | ||
![](../../static/epoxy/epoxy-interface.png) | ||
![](../../static/epoxy/epoxy-example-code.png) | ||
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### Epoxy Protocol | ||
#### Snapshot | ||
![](../../static/epoxy/epoxy-snapshot-paper.png) | ||
* xmin | ||
* xmax | ||
* rc_txns | ||
#### Record Metadata | ||
![Alt text](../../static/epoxy/epoxy-records.png) | ||
* beginTxn | ||
* endTxn | ||
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#### Epoxy Transactions | ||
![Alt text](../../static/epoxy/epoxy-txn.png) | ||
1. Begin Transaction | ||
2. Data Operations | ||
3. Validation | ||
4. Commit or Abort Transaction | ||
5. Optimizing Read-Only Transactions | ||
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### Evaluation | ||
#### Baseline | ||
* No Txns | ||
* XA-Based Txn Manager | ||
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#### Workload | ||
* Multi-DBMS TPC-C | ||
* Hotel | ||
* Cart | ||
* Profile | ||
* Many-Data Store Benchmark | ||
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## Reference | ||
1. [How to Get Transactions Between (Almost) Any Data Stores](https://petereliaskraft.net/blog/epoxy) | ||
2. [Epoxy: ACID Transactions Across Diverse Data Stores](https://petereliaskraft.net/res/p2732-kraft.pdf) |
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title = 'Interest Politics' | ||
date = 2023-12-21T14:36:01+08:00 | ||
draft = false | ||
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> 新自由主義是什麼 ? | ||
新自由主義是一種政治和經濟理念,強調自由市場、貿易自由化、私有化、政府規模縮減和財政紀律。它主張減少政府對經濟的干預,增加個人和企業的自由和競爭。新自由主義在20世紀70年代末和80年代逐漸流行,對全球化和國際貿易政策產生了深遠影響。然而,這一理念也受到批評,尤其是對於其對社會不平等和經濟不穩定性的潛在影響。 | ||
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> 馬克思的哲學理念是什麼 ? | ||
馬克思的哲學理念主要基於唯物史觀和階級鬥爭理論。唯物史觀認為物質條件是歷史發展的決定性因素,而意識形態和社會結構則由這些物質條件所塑造。馬克思的階級鬥爭理論則指出,歷史上的主要社會變革都是由不同階級之間的矛盾和衝突推動的。他主張資本主義創造了壓迫工人階級的資產階級,這種階級矛盾最終會導致資本主義的崩潰和共產主義社會的建立。馬克思的哲學還包括對人的異化、勞動價值論和資本的批判。 | ||
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> 當代經濟學派有哪些 ? | ||
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當代經濟學派主要包括: | ||
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新古典主義經濟學:強調市場機制、供求關係和效率。 | ||
凱恩斯主義:強調政府干預在穩定經濟和刺激需求中的作用。 | ||
行為經濟學:結合心理學和經濟學,研究人類行為對經濟決策的影響。 | ||
制度經濟學:關注社會和政治制度對經濟活動的影響。 | ||
發展經濟學:專注於發展中國家的成長和發展問題。 | ||
馬克思經濟學:基於馬克思的理論,關注資本主義的結構問題和階級鬥爭。 | ||
生態經濟學:強調經濟活動與環境可持續性之間的關係。 | ||
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> 以上各個學派的學者有哪些 ? | ||
新古典主義經濟學:阿爾弗雷德·馬歇爾、利昂·瓦爾拉斯。 | ||
凱恩斯主義:約翰·梅納德·凱恩斯。 | ||
行為經濟學:丹尼爾·卡尼曼、理查德·塞勒。 | ||
制度經濟學:索林頓·維布倫、約翰·R·康蒙斯。 | ||
發展經濟學:阿瑪蒂亞·森、埃斯特·杜芙洛。 | ||
馬克思經濟學:卡爾·馬克思、弗里德里希·恩格斯。 | ||
生態經濟學:赫爾曼·E·達利、羅伯特·科斯坦札。 | ||
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> 歷史上的無政府主義學者或是國家有沒有例子 ? | ||
歷史上著名的無政府主義者包括米哈伊爾·巴枯寧和彼得·克魯泡特金。巴枯寧是19世紀的俄羅斯革命家,對集體無政府主義有重大影響。克魯泡特金則是俄羅斯貴族出身的革命家,提倡互助作為社會進步的基礎。至於無政府主義的實際應用,雖然沒有成立長期穩定的無政府主義國家,但在一些歷史時期和事件中,例如西班牙內戰期間的一部分地區,曾經實驗過無政府主義社會的建立。 |
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content/posts/jailbreaking-the-simulation-with-george-hotz.md
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title = 'Jailbreaking the Simulation With George Hotz' | ||
date = 2023-12-20T19:09:26+08:00 | ||
draft = false | ||
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## 什麼是信仰? | ||
> 信仰泛指那些無法被證明是正確或是錯誤的事情 | ||
## Simulation | ||
> 一隻老虎 vs. 動物管理員, 上帝 vs. 人類 | ||
## PC 和 NPC 差別是什麼? | ||
> PC 知道自己在遊戲中 | ||
## Simulation vs. Real | ||
在模擬的世界中執行任何操作,都會影響到上層世界 | ||
ex: row hammer | ||
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## What are you doning in your life? | ||
> Power over Nature, not power over People | ||
## 大腦中的大象 | ||
只有以下兩種情形,隱藏動機才會起作用 | ||
1. 當他人窺見了你的部分心理之時 | ||
2. 當他人基於從你心裡所「窺見」的信息對你進行評判或賞罰之時 | ||
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## 馬基雅維利智力假說 | ||
與心智能力相當,有時卻極為惡毒的生物相處,會大大提升認知需求 | ||
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## Reference | ||
1. [Jailbreaking the Simulation with George Hotz | SXSW 2019](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ESXOAJRdcwQ) |
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title = 'Paper Notion for Technical Writing' | ||
date = 2023-12-21T11:33:31+08:00 | ||
draft = false | ||
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## Introduction | ||
用一個情境說明(勾引)讀者,這也是唯一能讓你發揮創意的地方 | ||
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## Objective | ||
* **解釋這篇論文的主要貢獻和主要解決的問題** (讓讀者可以 Filter 自己想要的主題) | ||
* 可以附上論文的實作例子 | ||
* **教科書的作法** (主要是要求讀者要有預先知識,如果連最簡單的教科書命題討論都沒看過,很難去消化當前的知識) | ||
* **先前的作法** (提供讀者比較這個領域的演進,也提供更多的想像,如果沒有比較的情境下,人類容易照單全收) | ||
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## Concept & Architecture | ||
* **Concept** (要能夠在一個段落內說明主要概念) | ||
* **Architecture** (只要是圖形有益於理解,但不要畫看起來很漂亮,卻沒有意義的圖) | ||
* **Algorithm** (要有範例) | ||
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## Experiments | ||
* **實驗方式和實驗結果** (挑關鍵的解釋) | ||
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title = 'Rainforest' | ||
date = 2023-12-14T21:43:56+08:00 | ||
draft = true | ||
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title = 'Papers' | ||
title = 'Researchs' | ||
date = 2023-12-14T20:26:16+08:00 | ||
draft = false | ||
+++ |
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