Add an IP blocklist to ufw, the uncomplicated Ubuntu firewall
- integrates into ufw for pure Ubuntu
- blocks inbound, outbound and forwarding packets
- uses Linux ipsets for kernel-grade performance
- the IP blocklist is refreshed daily
- the IP blocklist is sourced from IPsum
- ufw-blocklist is tested on:
- Armbian 22.05.3 Focal (based on Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS (Focal Fossa))
- Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish)
This blocklist is very successful at dropping a lot of uninvited traffic. It has been intentionally designed to be very light on resource requirements and zero maintenance as the initial target platform was a single-board computer operating as a home internet gateway. After the initial installation, there are no further writes to the storage system to preserve solid state storage. I would now highly recommend it for any Ubuntu host that has a public IP address or is otherwise exposed directly to the internet, for example, by port forwarding.
Install the ipset package
sudo apt install ipset
Backup the original ufw after.init example script
sudo cp /etc/ufw/after.init /etc/ufw/after.init.orig
Install the ufw-blocklist files
git clone https://github.com/poddmo/ufw-blocklist.git
cd ufw-blocklist
sudo cp after.init /etc/ufw/after.init
sudo cp ufw-blocklist-ipsum /etc/cron.daily/ufw-blocklist-ipsum
sudo chown root.root /etc/ufw/after.init /etc/cron.daily/ufw-blocklist-ipsum
sudo chmod 750 /etc/ufw/after.init /etc/cron.daily/ufw-blocklist-ipsum
Download an initial IP blocklist from IPsum
curl -sS -f --compressed -o ipsum.4.txt 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/stamparm/ipsum/master/levels/4.txt'
sudo chmod 640 ipsum.4.txt
sudo cp ipsum.4.txt /etc/ipsum.4.txt
Start ufw-blocklist
sudo /etc/ufw/after.init start
It takes time to load the blocklist entries into the ipset. Watch the progress with
sudo ipset list ufw-blocklist-ipsum -terse | grep 'Number of entries'
The blocklist is automatically started and stopped by ufw using the enable, disable and reload options. See the Ubuntu UFW wiki page for help getting started with ufw.
There are 2 additional after.init commands available: status and flush-all
- The status option shows the count of entries in the blocklist, the hit count of packets that have been blocked and the last 10 log entries. The status option is further explained in the Status section below.
- The flush-all option deletes all entries in the blocklist and zeros the iptables hit counters:
sudo /etc/ufw/after.init flush-all
From this state you can manually add IP addresses to the list like this:
sudo ipset add ufw-blocklist-ipsum a.b.c.d
This is useful for testing. Use /etc/cron.daily/ufw-blocklist-ipsum to download the latest list and fully restore the blocklist.
Calling after.init with the status option displays the current count of the entries in the blocklist, the hit counts on the firewall rules (column 1 is hits, column 2 is bytes) and the last 10 log messages. Here is a sample output:
user@ubunturouter:~# sudo /etc/ufw/after.init status
Name: ufw-blocklist-ipsum
Type: hash:net
Revision: 6
Header: family inet hashsize 4096 maxelem 65536
Size in memory: 357312
References: 3
Number of entries: 12789
76998 4403836 ufw-blocklist-input all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 match-set ufw-blocklist-ipsum src
4 160 ufw-blocklist-forward all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 match-set ufw-blocklist-ipsum dst
11 868 ufw-blocklist-output all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 match-set ufw-blocklist-ipsum dst
Sep 24 06:25:01 ubunturouter ufw-blocklist-ipsum[535172]: starting update of ufw-blocklist-ipsum with 12654 entries from https://raw.githubusercontent.com/stamparm/ipsum/master/levels/3.txt
Sep 24 06:26:02 ubunturouter ufw-blocklist-ipsum[547387]: finished updating ufw-blocklist-ipsum. Old entry count: 12654 New count: 12181 of 12181
Sep 24 22:23:21 ubunturouter kernel: [UFW BLOCKLIST FORWARD] IN=eth1 OUT=ppp0 MAC=11:22:33:44:55:66:77:88:99:00:aa:bb:cc:dd SRC=192.168.1.11 DST=194.165.16.37 LEN=40 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=62 ID=0 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=51413 DPT=65058 WINDOW=0 RES=0x00 ACK RST URGP=0
Sep 25 06:25:02 ubunturouter ufw-blocklist-ipsum[598717]: starting update of ufw-blocklist-ipsum with 12181 entries from https://raw.githubusercontent.com/stamparm/ipsum/master/levels/3.txt
Sep 25 06:26:07 ubunturouter ufw-blocklist-ipsum[611761]: finished updating ufw-blocklist-ipsum. Old entry count: 12181 New count: 13008 of 13008
Sep 25 21:19:42 ubunturouter kernel: [UFW BLOCKLIST FORWARD] IN=eth1 OUT=ppp0 MAC=11:22:33:44:55:66:77:88:99:00:aa:bb:cc:dd SRC=192.168.1.11 DST=45.227.254.8 LEN=40 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=62 ID=0 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=51413 DPT=65469 WINDOW=0 RES=0x00 ACK RST URGP=0
Sep 25 21:19:45 ubunturouter kernel: [UFW BLOCKLIST FORWARD] IN=eth1 OUT=ppp0 MAC=11:22:33:44:55:66:77:88:99:00:aa:bb:cc:dd SRC=192.168.1.11 DST=45.227.254.8 LEN=40 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=62 ID=0 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=51413 DPT=65469 WINDOW=0 RES=0x00 ACK RST URGP=0
Sep 25 21:19:51 ubunturouter kernel: [UFW BLOCKLIST FORWARD] IN=eth1 OUT=ppp0 MAC=11:22:33:44:55:66:77:88:99:00:aa:bb:cc:dd SRC=192.168.1.11 DST=45.227.254.8 LEN=40 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=62 ID=0 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=51413 DPT=65469 WINDOW=0 RES=0x00 ACK RST URGP=0
Sep 26 06:25:02 ubunturouter ufw-blocklist-ipsum[661335]: starting update of ufw-blocklist-ipsum with 13008 entries from https://raw.githubusercontent.com/stamparm/ipsum/master/levels/3.txt
Sep 26 06:26:06 ubunturouter ufw-blocklist-ipsum[674158]: finished updating ufw-blocklist-ipsum. Old entry count: 13008 New count: 12789 of 12789
- Hits on the OUTPUT or FORWARD drop rules may indicate an issue with an internal host and are logged. In the example status shown above, the hits on the FORWARD rule are related to an internal torrent client.
- INPUT hits are not logged. The status output above shows 76998 dropped INPUT packets after the system has been up 9 days, 22:45 hours.
These scripts have run flawlessly for 2 years. The next steps will take advantage of this extended ufw-framework and generalise the blocklist case to arbitrary ipsets, for example, to block bogans or by geoblock
- test and document use of after.init_run-parts
- test and document geo-block example for blocking geographic subnets. Geo-based blocks are useful for blocking botnets or "citizen activists." Geo-based subnets can be found at:
- test and document blocking bogan IP addresses. Bogon lists can be found at:
- FireHOL includes fullbogons: https://iplists.firehol.org/
- so does team Cymru. See fullbogons at: https://www.team-cymru.com/bogon-reference-http
- develop a whitelist an ip/cidr address
- develop test of entries as valid ip/cidr addresses