[3.15] Backport Hibernate ORM fixes/workarounds around DB version checks to branch 3.15

[yrodiere]

Creating this to backport #43762, as requested by @gsmet because there were conflicts.

This is a backport of:

1. Improve documentation, testing and error messages around persistence.xml and DB versions #43240
   This one is mostly being backported because otherwise, backporting the next one would result in conflicts.
   But I think it makes sense to backport this one too, considering it's only about providing better documentation, testing and error messages for a pre-existing feature.
2. Add quarkus.hibernate-orm.database.version-check.enabled #43762
   This is a workaround for Using CockroachDB with Postgres JDBC driver causes failure because of database version #43703 and Microsoft Azure SQL Server Compatibility with Quarkus 3.12.3 #42255, whose complete fixing would require Hibernate ORM 7.

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[quarkus-bot]

/cc @gsmet (hibernate-orm)

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[quarkus-bot]

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[quarkus-bot]

Status for workflow Quarkus CI

This is the status report for running Quarkus CI on commit 8f9cd10.

✅ The latest workflow run for the pull request has completed successfully.

It should be safe to merge provided you have a look at the other checks in the summary.

You can consult the Develocity build scans.

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Flaky tests - Develocity

⚙️ JVM Tests - JDK 17 Windows

📦 extensions/smallrye-reactive-messaging/deployment

✖ io.quarkus.smallrye.reactivemessaging.hotreload.ConnectorChangeTest.testUpdatingConnector - History

• Expecting actual: ["-4","-5","-6","-7","-8","-9","-10","-11"] to start with: ["-3", "-4", "-5", "-6"] - java.lang.AssertionError

java.lang.AssertionError: 

Expecting actual:
  ["-4","-5","-6","-7","-8","-9","-10","-11"]
to start with:
  ["-3", "-4", "-5", "-6"]

	at io.quarkus.smallrye.reactivemessaging.hotreload.ConnectorChangeTest.testUpdatingConnector(ConnectorChangeTest.java:36)