Fix a crash in undefined-loop-variable with enumerate() (#9876)

(cherry picked from commit cb6db06)

doc/whatsnew/fragments/9875.bugfix

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Fix a crash in ``undefined-loop-variable`` when providing the ``iterable`` argument to ``enumerate()``.
+
+Closes #9875

pylint/checkers/variables.py

@@ -2683,7 +2683,7 @@ def _loopvar_name(self, node: astroid.Name) -> None:
                 likely_call = assign.iter
                 if isinstance(assign.iter, nodes.IfExp):
                     likely_call = assign.iter.body
-                if isinstance(likely_call, nodes.Call):
+                if isinstance(likely_call, nodes.Call) and likely_call.args:
                     inferred = next(likely_call.args[0].infer())
         except astroid.InferenceError:
             self.add_message("undefined-loop-variable", args=node.name, node=node)

tests/functional/r/regression/regression_9875_enumerate.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+"""https://github.com/pylint-dev/pylint/issues/9875"""
+# value = 0
+for idx, value in enumerate(iterable=[1, 2, 3]):
+    print(f'{idx=} {value=}')
+# +1: [undefined-loop-variable, undefined-loop-variable]
+for idx, value in enumerate(iterable=[value-1, value-2*1]):
+    print(f'{idx=} {value=}')

tests/functional/r/regression/regression_9875_enumerate.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+undefined-loop-variable:6:38:6:43::Using possibly undefined loop variable 'value':UNDEFINED
+undefined-loop-variable:6:47:6:52::Using possibly undefined loop variable 'value':UNDEFINED