go.mod: update PD client to fix the backoffer retry (#53718)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #53718

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #53719, close tikv/pd#8142.

Problem Summary:

What changed and how does it work?

Update PD client to fix the backoffer retry by adopting tikv/pd#8227.

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

Update PD client to fix the bug where HTTP client retry logic is ineffective.

[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: hi-rustin, JmPotato

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[ti-chi-bot]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2024-05-31 10:22:16.818256961 +0000 UTC m=+3031090.575392534: ☑️ agreed by JmPotato.
• 2024-05-31 10:26:28.454726454 +0000 UTC m=+3031342.211862183: ☑️ agreed by hi-rustin.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Please upload report for BASE (release-8.1@b8a2b9e). Learn more about missing BASE report.

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##             release-8.1     #53722   +/-   ##
================================================
  Coverage               ?   71.1711%           
================================================
  Files                  ?       1465           
  Lines                  ?     421470           
  Branches               ?          0           
================================================
  Hits                   ?     299965           
  Misses                 ?     101027           
  Partials               ?      20478           

Flag	Coverage Δ
unit	71.1711% <ø> (?)

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Components	Coverage Δ
dumpling	53.9957% <0.0000%> (?)
parser	∅ <0.0000%> (?)
br	40.9267% <0.0000%> (?)

[JmPotato]

/test build

[tiprow]

@JmPotato: No presubmit jobs available for pingcap/[email protected]

In response to this:

/test build

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