feat: add VerificationAttempt model to verify_student application

This commits adds a VerificationAttempt model to store implementation and provider agnostic information about identity verification attempts in the platform.

lms/djangoapps/verify_student/docs/decisions/0001_extending_identity_verification.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+0001. Extending Identity Verification
+#####################################
+
+Status
+******
+
+**Accepted** *2024-08-13*
+
+Context
+*******
+
+The backend implementation of identity verification (IDV) is in the `verify_student Django application`_. The
+`verify_student Django application`_ also contains a frontend user experience for performing photo IDV via an
+integration with Software Secure. There is also a `React-based implementation of this flow`_ in the 
+`frontend-app-account MFE`_, so the frontend user experience stored in the `verify_student Django application`_ is often
+called the "legacy flow".
+
+The current architecture of the `verify_student Django application`_ requires that any additional implementations of IDV
+are stored in the application. For example, the Software Secure integration is stored in this application even though
+it is a custom integration that the Open edX community does not use.
+
+Different Open edX operators have different IDV needs. There is currently no way to add additional IDV implementations
+to the platform without committing them to the core. The `verify_student Django application`_ needs enhanced
+extensibility mechanisms to enable per-deployment integration of IDV implementations without modifying the core.
+
+Decision
+********
+
+* We will support the integration of additional implementations of IDV through the use of Python plugins into the
+  platform.
+* We will add a ``VerificationAttempt`` model, which will store generic, implementation-agnostic information about an
+  IDV attempt.
+* We will expose a simple Python API to write and update instances of the ``VerificationAttempt`` model. This will
+  enable plugins to publish information about their IDV attempts to the platform.
+* The ``VerificationAttempt`` model will be integrated into the `verify_student Django application`_, particularly into
+  the `IDVerificationService`_.
+* We will emit Open edX events for each status change of a ``VerificationAttempt``.
+* We will add an Open edX filter hook to change the URL of the photo IDV frontend.
+
+Consequences
+************
+
+* It will become possible for Open edX operators to implement and integrate any additional forms of IDV necessary for
+  their deployment.
+* The `verify_student Django application`_ will contain both concrete implementations of forms of IDV (i.e. manual, SSO,
+  Software Secure, etc.) and a generic, extensible implementation. The work to deprecate and remove the Software Secure
+  integration and to transition the other existing forms of IDV (i.e. manual and SSO) to Django plugins will occur
+  indepentendly of the improvements to extensibility described in this decision.
+
+Rejected Alternatives
+*********************
+
+We considered introducing a ``fetch_verification_attempts`` filter hook to allow plugins to expose additional
+``VerificationAttempts`` to the platform in lieu of an additional model. However, doing database queries via filter
+hooks can cause unpredictable performance problems, and this has been a pain point for Open edX.
+
+References
+**********
+`[Proposal] Add Extensibility Mechanisms to IDV to Enable Integration of New IDV Vendor Persona <https://openedx.atlassian.net/wiki/spaces/OEPM/pages/4307386369/Proposal+Add+Extensibility+Mechanisms+to+IDV+to+Enable+Integration+of+New+IDV+Vendor+Persona>`_
+`Add Extensibility Mechanisms to IDV to Enable Integration of New IDV Vendor Persona <https://github.com/openedx/platform-roadmap/issues/367>`_
+
+.. _frontend-app-account MFE: https://github.com/openedx/frontend-app-account
+.. _IDVerificationService: https://github.com/openedx/edx-platform/blob/master/lms/djangoapps/verify_student/services.py#L55
+.. _React-based implementation of this flow: https://github.com/openedx/frontend-app-account/tree/master/src/id-verification
+.. _verify_student Django application: https://github.com/openedx/edx-platform/tree/master/lms/djangoapps/verify_student

lms/djangoapps/verify_student/migrations/0015_verificationattempt.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# Generated by Django 4.2.15 on 2024-08-14 14:08
+
+from django.conf import settings
+from django.db import migrations, models
+import django.db.models.deletion
+import django.utils.timezone
+import model_utils.fields
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    dependencies = [
+        migrations.swappable_dependency(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL),
+        ('verify_student', '0014_remove_softwaresecurephotoverification_expiry_date'),
+    ]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.CreateModel(
+            name='VerificationAttempt',
+            fields=[
+                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
+                ('created', model_utils.fields.AutoCreatedField(default=django.utils.timezone.now, editable=False, verbose_name='created')),
+                ('modified', model_utils.fields.AutoLastModifiedField(default=django.utils.timezone.now, editable=False, verbose_name='modified')),
+                ('name', models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=255)),
+                ('status', models.CharField(choices=[('created', 'created'), ('pending', 'pending'), ('approved', 'approved'), ('denied', 'denied')], max_length=64)),
+                ('expiration_datetime', models.DateTimeField(blank=True, db_index=True, null=True)),
+                ('user', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)),
+            ],
+            options={
+                'abstract': False,
+            },
+        ),
+    ]

lms/djangoapps/verify_student/models.py

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy
 from model_utils import Choices
 from model_utils.models import StatusModel, TimeStampedModel
+from lms.djangoapps.verify_student.statuses import VerificationAttemptStatus
 from opaque_keys.edx.django.models import CourseKeyField
 
 from lms.djangoapps.verify_student.ssencrypt import (
@@ -1189,3 +1190,28 @@ class Meta:
 
     def __str__(self):
         return str(self.arguments)
+
+
+class VerificationAttempt(TimeStampedModel):
+    """
+    The model represents impelementation-agnostic information about identity verification (IDV) attempts.
+
+    Plugins that implement forms of IDV can store information about IDV attempts in this model for use across
+    the platform.
+    """
+    user = models.ForeignKey(User, db_index=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
+    name = models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=255)
+
+    STATUS_CHOICES = [
+        VerificationAttemptStatus.created,
+        VerificationAttemptStatus.pending,
+        VerificationAttemptStatus.approved,
+        VerificationAttemptStatus.denied,
+    ]
+    status = models.CharField(max_length=64, choices=[(status, status) for status in STATUS_CHOICES])
+
+    expiration_datetime = models.DateTimeField(
+        null=True,
+        blank=True,
+        db_index=True,
+    )

lms/djangoapps/verify_student/statuses.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+"""
+Status enums for verify_student.
+"""
+
+
+class VerificationAttemptStatus:
+    """This class describes valid statuses for a verification attempt to be in."""
+
+    # This is the initial state of a verification attempt, before a learner has started IDV.
+    created = "created"
+
+    # A verification attempt is pending when it has been started but has not yet been completed.
+    pending = "pending"
+
+    # A verification attempt is approved when it has been approved by some mechanism (e.g. automatic review, manual
+    # review, etc).
+    approved = "approved"
+
+    # A verification attempt is denied when it has been denied by some mechanism (e.g. automatic review, manual review,
+    # etc).
+    denied = "denied"