[#499] Create a Rubocop cop for ordering instructions in class (e.g. Models)

.rubocop.yml

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ require:
   - rubocop-rspec
   - rubocop-performance
   - ./rubocop/custom_cops/required_inverse_of_relations.rb
+  - ./rubocop/custom_cops/class_template.rb
 
 AllCops:
   Exclude:
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ AllCops:
     - 'node_modules/**/*'
     - 'config/**/*'
     - 'tmp/**/*'
+    - 'rubocop/**/*'
   TargetRubyVersion: 3
   NewCops: enable
 
@@ -60,3 +62,6 @@ CustomCops/RequiredInverseOfRelations:
   Include:
     # Only Rails model files
     - !ruby/regexp /models\//
+
+CustomCops/ClassTemplate:
+  Enabled: true

.template/addons/custom_cops/template.rb

@@ -3,3 +3,5 @@
 require 'fileutils'
 
 copy_file 'rubocop/custom_cops/required_inverse_of_relations.rb', mode: :preserve
+directory 'rubocop/custom_cops/class_template', mode: :preserve
+copy_file 'rubocop/custom_cops/class_template.rb', mode: :preserve

rubocop/custom_cops/class_template.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require_relative 'class_template/expression_category'
+
+module CustomCops
+  class ClassTemplate < RuboCop::Cop::Base
+    include CustomCops::ExpressionCategory
+
+    EXPRESSION_TYPE_ORDER = {
+      extend: 0,
+      include: 1,
+      constant_assignment: 2,
+      attribute_macro: 3,
+      other_macro: 4,
+      self_class_block: 5,
+      public_class_method: 5,
+      initialization: 6,
+      public_instance_method: 7,
+      alias: 8,
+      alias_method: 8,
+      protected_instance_method: 9,
+      private_instance_method: 10
+    }.freeze
+
+    # Scan class body
+    def on_class(node)
+      expressions = top_level_expressions(node)
+
+      state = { function_visibility: :public, expression_types: [] }
+      expressions.each_with_object(state) { |expression, acc| process_expression(expression, acc) }
+
+      validate_expressions_order(state[:expression_types])
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def top_level_expressions(class_node)
+      return [] unless class_node.body
+
+      # Multi-expression body
+      return class_node.body.children if class_node.body.type == :begin
+
+      # Single-expression body
+      [class_node.body]
+    end
+
+    def process_expression(expression, acc)
+      category = categorize(expression)
+
+      if %i[protected private].include?(category)
+        acc[:function_visibility] = category
+      else
+        category = "#{acc[:function_visibility]}_#{category}".to_sym if category == :instance_method
+        acc[:expression_types] << { category: category, expression: expression }
+      end
+    end
+
+    def validate_expressions_order(expressions)
+      expressions = expressions.filter { _1[:category] != :unknown }
+
+      expressions.each_cons(2) do |first, second|
+        next unless EXPRESSION_TYPE_ORDER[first[:category]] > EXPRESSION_TYPE_ORDER[second[:category]]
+
+        add_offense(
+          second[:expression],
+          message: error_message(second[:category], expressions)
+        )
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Find the correct spot for the out of order expression
+    # rubocop:disable Metrics/MethodLength
+    def error_message(out_of_order_expression, expressions)
+      expressions.filter { _1[:category] != out_of_order_expression }
+                 .each_with_index do |expression, index|
+        error = if index.zero?
+                  before_first_expression(expression, out_of_order_expression)
+                elsif index == expressions.size - 1
+                  after_last_expression(expression, out_of_order_expression)
+                else
+                  previous_expression = expressions[index - 1]
+                  in_between_expressions(previous_expression, expression, out_of_order_expression)
+                end
+
+        return error if error
+      end
+    end
+    # rubocop:enable Metrics/MethodLength
+
+    def before_first_expression(current_expression, out_of_order_expression)
+      unless EXPRESSION_TYPE_ORDER[out_of_order_expression] < EXPRESSION_TYPE_ORDER[current_expression[:category]]
+        return
+      end
+
+      "#{out_of_order_expression} should come before `#{current_expression[:expression].source}`."
+    end
+
+    def after_last_expression(current_expression, out_of_order_expression)
+      unless EXPRESSION_TYPE_ORDER[out_of_order_expression] > EXPRESSION_TYPE_ORDER[current_expression[:category]]
+        return
+      end
+
+      "#{out_of_order_expression} should come after `#{current_expression[:expression].source}`."
+    end
+
+    def in_between_expressions(previous_expression, current_expression, out_of_order_expression)
+      unless EXPRESSION_TYPE_ORDER[out_of_order_expression] < EXPRESSION_TYPE_ORDER[current_expression[:category]] &&
+             EXPRESSION_TYPE_ORDER[out_of_order_expression] > EXPRESSION_TYPE_ORDER[previous_expression[:category]]
+        return
+      end
+
+      "#{out_of_order_expression} should come after " \
+        "`#{previous_expression[:expression].source}` " \
+        "and before `#{current_expression[:expression].source}`."
+    end
+  end
+end

rubocop/custom_cops/class_template/expression_category.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require 'rubocop'
+
+module CustomCops
+  module ExpressionCategory
+    extend RuboCop::NodePattern::Macros
+
+    ATTRIBUTE_MACROS = %i[attr_reader attr_writer attr_accessor].to_set
+
+    CATEGORIES = %i[
+      extend include constant_assignment attribute_macro alias_method protected private
+      other_macro self_class_block public_class_method initialization instance_method alias
+    ].freeze
+
+    # extend SomeModule
+    def_node_matcher :extend?, <<~PATTERN
+      (send {nil? | self} :extend const)
+    PATTERN
+
+    # include SomeModule
+    def_node_matcher :include?, <<~PATTERN
+      (send {nil? | self} :include const)
+    PATTERN
+
+    # HELLO = 'world'.freeze
+    def_node_matcher :constant_assignment?, <<~PATTERN
+      (casgn nil? _ _)
+    PATTERN
+
+    # attr_reader :foo, :bar
+    # attr_writer :baz
+    def_node_matcher :attribute_macro?, <<~PATTERN
+      (send {nil? | self} ATTRIBUTE_MACROS sym+)
+    PATTERN
+
+    # validates :foo, presence: true
+    def_node_matcher :other_macro?, <<~PATTERN
+      (send {nil? | self} _ _+)
+    PATTERN
+
+    # class << self
+    #   def foo
+    #     'bar'
+    #   end
+    # end
+    def_node_matcher :self_class_block?, <<~PATTERN
+      (sclass self _)
+    PATTERN
+
+    # def self.foo
+    #   "bar"
+    # end
+    def_node_matcher :public_class_method?, <<~PATTERN
+      (defs self _ args _)
+    PATTERN
+
+    # def initialize(a, b)
+    # end
+    def_node_matcher :initialization?, <<~PATTERN
+      (def :initialize args _)
+    PATTERN
+
+    # def method(a, b)
+    # end
+    def_node_matcher :instance_method?, <<~PATTERN
+      (def _ args _)
+    PATTERN
+
+    # alias foo bar
+    # alias :foo :bar
+    def_node_matcher :alias?, <<~PATTERN
+      (alias sym sym)
+    PATTERN
+
+    # alias_method :foo, :bar
+    # alias_method 'foo', 'bar'
+    def_node_matcher :alias_method?, <<~PATTERN
+      (send {nil? | self} :alias_method _ _)
+    PATTERN
+
+    # protected
+    def_node_matcher :protected?, <<~PATTERN
+      (send {nil? | self} :protected)
+    PATTERN
+
+    # private
+    def_node_matcher :private?, <<~PATTERN
+      (send {nil? | self} :private)
+    PATTERN
+
+    # Categorize the expression of the class body
+    def categorize(expression)
+      CATEGORIES.find { |category| send(:"#{category}?", expression) } || :unknown
+    end
+  end
+end