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frostedoyster committed Mar 19, 2024
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# Sphinx build info version 1
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tags: 645f666f9bcd5a90fca523b33c5a78b7
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"""
Running molecular dynamics with ASE
===================================
This tutorial demonstrates how to use an already trained and exported model to run an
ASE simulation of a single ethanol molecule in vacuum. We use a model that was trained
using the :ref:`architecture-soap-bpnn` architecture on 100 ethanol systems
containing energies and forces. You can obtain the :download:`dataset file
<ethanol_reduced_100.xyz>` used in this example from our website. The dataset is a
subset of the `rMD17 dataset
<https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2632-2153/abba6f/meta>`_.
The model was trained using the following training options.
.. literalinclude:: options.yaml
:language: yaml
You can use the pretrained and exported :download:`model <exported-model.pt>`
or train the model yourself with
.. literalinclude:: train.sh
:language: bash
A detailed step-by-step introduction on how to train a model is provided in
the :ref:`label_basic_usage` tutorial.
"""

# %%
#
# First, we start by importing the necessary libraries, including the integration of ASE
# calculators for metatensor atomistic models


import ase.md
import ase.md.velocitydistribution
import ase.units
import ase.visualize.plot
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import rascaline.torch # noqa
from ase.geometry.analysis import Analysis
from metatensor.torch.atomistic.ase_calculator import MetatensorCalculator


# %%
#
# .. note::
# We have to import ``rascaline.torch`` even though it is not used explicitly in this
# tutorial. The SOAP-BPNN model contains compiled extensions and therefore the import
# is required.
#
# Setting up the simulation
# -------------------------
#
# Next, we initialize the simulation by extracting the initial positions from the
# dataset file which we initially trained the model on.

training_frames = ase.io.read("ethanol_reduced_100.xyz", ":")
atoms = training_frames[0].copy()

# %%
#
# Below we show the initial configuration of a single ethanol molecule in vacuum.

ase.visualize.plot.plot_atoms(atoms)

plt.xlabel("Å")
plt.ylabel("Å")

plt.show()


# %%
#
# Our initial coordinates do not include velocities. We initialize the velocities
# according to a Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution at 300 K.

ase.md.velocitydistribution.MaxwellBoltzmannDistribution(atoms, temperature_K=300)

# %%
#
# We now register our exported model as the energy calculator to obtain energies and
# forces.

atoms.calc = MetatensorCalculator("exported-model.pt")

# %%
#
# Finally, we define the integrator which we use to obtain new positions and velocities
# based on our energy calculator. We use a common timestep of 0.5 fs.

integrator = ase.md.VelocityVerlet(atoms, timestep=0.5 * ase.units.fs)


# %%
#
# Run the simulation
# ------------------
#
# We now have everything ready to run the MD simulation at constant energy (NVE). To
# keep the execution time of this tutorial small we run the simulations only for 100
# steps. If you want to run a longer simulation you can increase the ``n_steps``
# variable.
#
# During the simulation loop we collect data about the simulation for later analysis.


n_steps = 100

potential_energy = np.zeros(n_steps)
kinetic_energy = np.zeros(n_steps)
total_energy = np.zeros(n_steps)
trajectory = []

for step in range(n_steps):
# run a single simulation step
integrator.run(1)

trajectory.append(atoms.copy())
potential_energy[step] = atoms.get_potential_energy()
kinetic_energy[step] = atoms.get_kinetic_energy()
total_energy[step] = atoms.get_total_energy()

# %%
#
# Analyse the results
# -------------------
#
# Energy conservation
# ###################
#
# For a first analysis, we plot the evolution of the mean of the kinetic, potential, and
# total energy which is an important measure for the stability of a simulation.
#
# As shown below we see that both the kinetic, potential, and total energy
# fluctuate but the total energy is conserved over the length of the simulation.


plt.plot(potential_energy - potential_energy.mean(), label="potential energy")
plt.plot(kinetic_energy - kinetic_energy.mean(), label="kinetic energy")
plt.plot(total_energy - total_energy.mean(), label="total energy")

plt.xlabel("step")
plt.ylabel("energy / kcal/mol")
plt.legend()

plt.show()

# %%
#
# Inspect the systems
# ###################
#
# Even though the total energy is conserved, we also have to verify that the ethanol
# molecule is stable and the bonds did not break.

animation = ase.visualize.plot.animate(trajectory, interval=100, save_count=None)
plt.show()

# %%
#
# Carbon-hydrogen radial distribution function
# ############################################
#
# As a final analysis we also calculate and plot the carbon-hydrogen radial distribution
# function (RDF) from the trajectory and compare this to the RDF from the training set.
#
# To use the RDF code from ase we first have to define a unit cell for our systems.
# We choose a cubic one with a side length of 10 Å.

for atoms in training_frames:
atoms.cell = 10 * np.ones(3)
atoms.pbc = True

for atoms in trajectory:
atoms.cell = 10 * np.ones(3)
atoms.pbc = True

# %%
#
# We now can initilize the :py:class:`ase.geometry.analysis.Analysis` objects and
# compute the the RDF using the :py:meth:`ase.geometry.analysis.Analysis.get_rdf`
# method.

ana_traj = Analysis(trajectory)
ana_train = Analysis(training_frames)

rdf_traj = ana_traj.get_rdf(rmax=5, nbins=50, elements=["C", "H"], return_dists=True)
rdf_train = ana_train.get_rdf(rmax=5, nbins=50, elements=["C", "H"], return_dists=True)

# %%
#
# We extract the bin positions from the returned values and and averege the RDF over the
# whole trajectory and dataset, respectively.

bins = rdf_traj[0][1]
rdf_traj_mean = np.mean([rdf_traj[i][0] for i in range(n_steps)], axis=0)
rdf_train_mean = np.mean([rdf_train[i][0] for i in range(n_steps)], axis=0)

# %%
#
# Plotting the RDF verifies that the hydrogen bonds are stable, confirming that we
# performed an energy-conserving and stable simulation.

plt.plot(bins, rdf_traj_mean, label="trajectory")
plt.plot(bins, rdf_train_mean, label="training set")

plt.legend()
plt.xlabel("r / Å")
plt.ylabel("radial distribution function")

plt.show()
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