Highly accurate boundaries segmentation using BASNet to keras 3.0 (Te…

…nsorflow backend only) (#1942)

* Keras 3 migration basnet segmentation

* Fix format issues

examples/vision/basnet_segmentation.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 Title: Highly accurate boundaries segmentation using BASNet
 Author: [Hamid Ali](https://github.com/hamidriasat)
 Date created: 2023/05/30
-Last modified: 2023/07/13
+Last modified: 2024/10/02
 Description: Boundaries aware segmentation model trained on the DUTS dataset.
 Accelerator: GPU
 """
@@ -38,14 +38,16 @@
 """
 
 import os
+
+os.environ["KERAS_BACKEND"] = "tensorflow"
 import numpy as np
 from glob import glob
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
 import keras_cv
 import tensorflow as tf
-from tensorflow import keras
-from tensorflow.keras import layers, backend
+import keras
+from keras import layers, ops
 
 """
 ## Define Hyperparameters
@@ -58,10 +60,10 @@
 DATA_DIR = "./DUTS-TE/"
 
 """
-## Create TensorFlow Dataset
+## Create `PyDataset`s 
 
 We will use `load_paths()` to load and split 140 paths into train and validation set, and
-`load_dataset()` to convert paths into `tf.data.Dataset` object.
+convert paths into `PyDataset` object.
 """
 
 
@@ -72,51 +74,64 @@ def load_paths(path, split_ratio):
     return (images[:len_], masks[:len_]), (images[len_:], masks[len_:])
 
 
-def read_image(path, size, mode):
-    x = keras.utils.load_img(path, target_size=size, color_mode=mode)
-    x = keras.utils.img_to_array(x)
-    x = (x / 255.0).astype(np.float32)
-    return x
-
-
-def preprocess(x_batch, y_batch, img_size, out_classes):
-    def f(_x, _y):
-        _x, _y = _x.decode(), _y.decode()
-        _x = read_image(_x, (img_size, img_size), mode="rgb")  # image
-        _y = read_image(_y, (img_size, img_size), mode="grayscale")  # mask
-        return _x, _y
-
-    images, masks = tf.numpy_function(f, [x_batch, y_batch], [tf.float32, tf.float32])
-    images.set_shape([img_size, img_size, 3])
-    masks.set_shape([img_size, img_size, out_classes])
-    return images, masks
-
-
-def load_dataset(image_paths, mask_paths, img_size, out_classes, batch, shuffle=True):
-    dataset = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices((image_paths, mask_paths))
-    if shuffle:
-        dataset = dataset.cache().shuffle(buffer_size=1000)
-    dataset = dataset.map(
-        lambda x, y: preprocess(x, y, img_size, out_classes),
-        num_parallel_calls=tf.data.AUTOTUNE,
-    )
-    dataset = dataset.batch(batch)
-    dataset = dataset.prefetch(tf.data.AUTOTUNE)
-    return dataset
+class Dataset(keras.utils.PyDataset):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        image_paths,
+        mask_paths,
+        img_size,
+        out_classes,
+        batch,
+        shuffle=True,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        if shuffle:
+            perm = np.random.permutation(len(image_paths))
+            image_paths = [image_paths[i] for i in perm]
+            mask_paths = [mask_paths[i] for i in perm]
+        self.image_paths = image_paths
+        self.mask_paths = mask_paths
+        self.img_size = img_size
+        self.out_classes = out_classes
+        self.batch_size = batch
+        super().__init__(*kwargs)
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self.image_paths) // self.batch_size
+
+    def __getitem__(self, idx):
+        batch_x, batch_y = [], []
+        for i in range(idx * self.batch_size, (idx + 1) * self.batch_size):
+            x, y = self.preprocess(
+                self.image_paths[i], self.mask_paths[i], self.img_size, self.out_classes
+            )
+            batch_x.append(x)
+            batch_y.append(y)
+        batch_x = np.stack(batch_x, axis=0)
+        batch_y = np.stack(batch_y, axis=0)
+        return batch_x, batch_y
+
+    def read_image(self, path, size, mode):
+        x = keras.utils.load_img(path, target_size=size, color_mode=mode)
+        x = keras.utils.img_to_array(x)
+        x = (x / 255.0).astype(np.float32)
+        return x
+
+    def preprocess(self, x_batch, y_batch, img_size, out_classes):
+        images = self.read_image(x_batch, (img_size, img_size), mode="rgb")  # image
+        masks = self.read_image(y_batch, (img_size, img_size), mode="grayscale")  # mask
+        return images, masks
 
 
 train_paths, val_paths = load_paths(DATA_DIR, TRAIN_SPLIT_RATIO)
 
-train_dataset = load_dataset(
+train_dataset = Dataset(
     train_paths[0], train_paths[1], IMAGE_SIZE, OUT_CLASSES, BATCH_SIZE, shuffle=True
 )
-val_dataset = load_dataset(
+val_dataset = Dataset(
     val_paths[0], val_paths[1], IMAGE_SIZE, OUT_CLASSES, BATCH_SIZE, shuffle=False
 )
 
-print(f"Train Dataset: {train_dataset}")
-print(f"Validation Dataset: {val_dataset}")
-
 """
 ## Visualize Data
 """
@@ -133,7 +148,7 @@ def display(display_list):
     plt.show()
 
 
-for image, mask in val_dataset.take(1):
+for (image, mask), _ in zip(val_dataset, range(1)):
     display([image[0], mask[0]])
 
 """
@@ -265,7 +280,7 @@ def basnet_predict(input_shape, out_classes):
     decoder_blocks = []
     for i in reversed(range(num_stages)):
         if i != (num_stages - 1):  # Except first, scale other decoder stages.
-            shape = keras.backend.int_shape(x)
+            shape = x.shape
             x = layers.Resizing(shape[1] * 2, shape[2] * 2)(x)
 
         x = layers.concatenate([encoder_blocks[i], x], axis=-1)
@@ -318,7 +333,7 @@ def basnet_rrm(base_model, out_classes):
 
     # -------------Decoder--------------
     for i in reversed(range(num_stages)):
-        shape = keras.backend.int_shape(x)
+        shape = x.shape
         x = layers.Resizing(shape[1] * 2, shape[2] * 2)(x)
         x = layers.concatenate([encoder_blocks[i], x], axis=-1)
         x = convolution_block(x, filters=filters)
@@ -345,7 +360,7 @@ def basnet(input_shape, out_classes):
     # Refinement model.
     refine_model = basnet_rrm(predict_model, out_classes)
 
-    output = [refine_model.output]  # Combine outputs.
+    output = refine_model.outputs  # Combine outputs.
     output.extend(predict_model.output)
 
     output = [layers.Activation("sigmoid")(_) for _ in output]  # Activations.
@@ -382,18 +397,16 @@ def calculate_iou(
         y_pred,
     ):
         """Calculate intersection over union (IoU) between images."""
-        intersection = backend.sum(backend.abs(y_true * y_pred), axis=[1, 2, 3])
-        union = backend.sum(y_true, [1, 2, 3]) + backend.sum(y_pred, [1, 2, 3])
+        intersection = ops.sum(ops.abs(y_true * y_pred), axis=[1, 2, 3])
+        union = ops.sum(y_true, [1, 2, 3]) + ops.sum(y_pred, [1, 2, 3])
         union = union - intersection
-        return backend.mean(
-            (intersection + self.smooth) / (union + self.smooth), axis=0
-        )
+        return ops.mean((intersection + self.smooth) / (union + self.smooth), axis=0)
 
     def call(self, y_true, y_pred):
         cross_entropy_loss = self.cross_entropy_loss(y_true, y_pred)
 
         ssim_value = self.ssim_value(y_true, y_pred, max_val=1)
-        ssim_loss = backend.mean(1 - ssim_value + self.smooth, axis=0)
+        ssim_loss = ops.mean(1 - ssim_value + self.smooth, axis=0)
 
         iou_value = self.iou_value(y_true, y_pred)
         iou_loss = 1 - iou_value
@@ -412,7 +425,7 @@ def call(self, y_true, y_pred):
 basnet_model.compile(
     loss=BasnetLoss(),
     optimizer=optimizer,
-    metrics=[keras.metrics.MeanAbsoluteError(name="mae")],
+    metrics=[keras.metrics.MeanAbsoluteError(name="mae") for _ in basnet_model.outputs],
 )
 
 """
@@ -453,6 +466,6 @@ def normalize_output(prediction):
 ### Make Predictions
 """
 
-for image, mask in val_dataset.take(1):
+for (image, mask), _ in zip(val_dataset, range(1)):
     pred_mask = basnet_model.predict(image)
     display([image[0], mask[0], normalize_output(pred_mask[0][0])])