orm

A toy Object Relational Mapper

This is the code used for the talk I gave on building an ORM.

Usage

from orm import Database, Table, Column, ForeignKey

# Create reference to SQLite database file
db = Database("./test.db")

# Define tables
class Author(Table):
    name = Column(str)
    lucky_number = Column(int)

class Post(Table):
    title = Column(str)
    published = Column(bool)
    author = ForeignKey(Author)

# Create tables
db.create(Author)
db.create(Post)

# Create and save an Author in the database
greg = Author(name="Greg Back", 
              lucky_number=13)
db.save(greg)

# Fetch all Authors from the database
authors = db.all(Author)

# Fetch a specific Author from the database by ID
bob = db.get(Author, 47)

# Create object with reference to another object
post = Post(title="Building an ORM",
            published=True,
            author=greg)

# Save object with foreign key reference
db.save(post)

# Fetching an object with a foreign key
# will dereference that key
print(Post.get(55).author.name)

Testing

This talk was developed using a technique I'm calling "Test-Driven Live Coding". The tests in test_orm.py are designed to be run one at a time, and guide the presenter (me!) to the next step that needs to be completed. They build on each other (so are not proper "unit tests"), and can be run one-at-a-time using pytest -k 01 (and so on for each of the tests).

Talk Information

PyOhio 2019 July 27-28, 2019 Columbus OH Sunday 3:15PM, Hays Cape

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PyTennessee 2019
February 9-10, 2019
Nashville TN
Sunday 2PM, Auditorium

Abstract

Applications rely on data, and relational databases are a convenient way to organize structured information. Object-relational mappers like SQLAlchemy and Django's ORM are complex libraries, but they aren't black magic. De-mystify some of the magic as we build a (basic) ORM in under an hour.

Talk Description

We’ll start with some background on relational database terminology, including CRUD, ACID, normalization, and the Active Record pattern. Next, we’ll build a basic ORM that allows creating simple tables and inserting, querying, and deleting records. Finally, we’ll talk about some of the challenges of building a production-grade ORM, including caching, transactions, supporting multiple dialects, and we’ll briefly discuss security implications of ORMs, including SQL injection. You will leave with a greater appreciation for the inner workings of the ORMs you use on a daily basis, while understanding the challenges that go into building one.