fix(blooms): Reduce jumps between buckets in blocks pool

[salvacorts]

What this PR does / why we need it:
Before this PR the blocks pool would create the following buckets:

• 1KB... 2MB, 8MB, 32MB, 128MB

We often read pages that are bigger than 32MB but considerable smaller than 128 MB, still the pool would allocate buffers of 128 MBs for them:

loki/vendor/github.com/prometheus/prometheus/util/pool/pool.go

Lines 61 to 67 in c53457f

	if sz > bktSize {
	continue
	}
	b := p.buckets[i].Get()
	if b == nil {
	b = p.make(bktSize)
	}

In this PR, we copy the pool implementation from prometheus into Loki's pool pkg and add a new method NewWithSizes to add sizes that can increase with a factor smaller than 2. That way we can have the following buckets for the blocks pool:

• 1MB, 2MB, 4MB, 8MB, 16MB, 32MB, 48MB, 64MB, 96MB, 128MB.

We run this in dev, and OOMs were gone. The first wave is before these changes. The second wave is with a factor of 2. The last wave is with the custom sizes.

Special notes for your reviewer:
Maybe copying Prometheus' pool impl and extending it is a bit overkill but I think it makes sense to have a way to configure buckets other than with an exponential factor.

Curiously enough, the prometheus pool impl, doesn't handle well when the factor is smaller than 2: it leads to an infinite loop. So in our imp[l we change the precondition to check that the factor is biggerEq to 2.

Checklist

• Reviewed the CONTRIBUTING.md guide (required)
• Documentation added
• Tests updated
• CHANGELOG.md updated
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