Add UniScalarRng a random scalar generator

Resolves: #129

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -7,6 +7,14 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+## Added
+
+- Add random scalar generator `UniScalarRng` for uniformly distributed scalar generation [#129]
+
+## Remove
+
+- Remove `uni_random` scalar generation in favor of `UniScalarRng` [#129]
+
 ## [0.12.3] - 2023-11-01
 
 ### Added
@@ -221,6 +229,7 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 <!-- Issues -->
 [#125]: https://github.com/dusk-network/bls12_381/issues/125
+[#129]: https://github.com/dusk-network/bls12_381/issues/129
 [#117]: https://github.com/dusk-network/bls12_381/issues/117
 [#109]: https://github.com/dusk-network/bls12_381/issues/109
 [#108]: https://github.com/dusk-network/bls12_381/issues/108

Cargo.toml

@@ -100,6 +100,9 @@ optional = true
 
 [dependencies.dusk-bytes]
 version = "0.1"
+
+[dependencies.rand]
+version = "0.8"
 # End
 
 [features]

src/lib.rs

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ mod dusk;
 use dusk::choice;
 #[cfg(all(feature = "groups", feature = "alloc"))]
 pub use dusk::multiscalar_mul;
+pub use scalar::dusk::UniScalarRng;
 
 mod scalar;
 

src/scalar.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //! This module provides an implementation of the BLS12-381 scalar field $\mathbb{F}_q$
 //! where `q = 0x73eda753299d7d483339d80809a1d80553bda402fffe5bfeffffffff00000001`
 
-mod dusk;
+pub(crate) mod dusk;
 
 use core::fmt;
 use core::ops::{Add, AddAssign, Mul, MulAssign, Neg, Sub, SubAssign};

src/scalar/dusk.rs

@@ -8,8 +8,10 @@ use core::cmp::{Ord, Ordering, PartialOrd};
 use core::convert::TryFrom;
 use core::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
 use core::ops::{BitAnd, BitXor};
+
 use dusk_bytes::{Error as BytesError, Serializable};
-use rand_core::{CryptoRng, RngCore};
+use ff::Field;
+use rand_core::{CryptoRng, RngCore, SeedableRng};
 use subtle::{Choice, ConditionallySelectable, ConstantTimeEq};
 
 use super::{Scalar, MODULUS, R2};
@@ -24,6 +26,101 @@ impl PartialOrd for Scalar {
     }
 }
 
+/// Random number generator for generating scalars that are uniformly
+/// distributed over the entire field of scalars.
+///
+/// Because scalars take 255 bits for encoding it is difficult to generate
+/// random bit-pattern that ensures to encode a valid scalar.
+/// Wrapping the values that are higher than [`MODULUS`], as done in
+/// [`Self::random`], results in hitting some values more than others, whereas
+/// zeroing out the highest two bits will eliminate some values from the
+/// possible results.
+///
+/// This function achieves a uniform distribution of scalars by using rejection
+/// sampling: random bit-patterns are generated until a valid scalar is found.
+/// The scalar creation is not constant time but that shouldn't be a concern
+/// since no information about the scalar can be gained by knowing the time of
+/// its generation.
+///
+/// ## Example
+///
+/// ```
+/// use rand::rngs::{StdRng, OsRng};
+/// use rand::SeedableRng;
+/// use dusk_bls12_381::{BlsScalar, UniScalarRng};
+///
+/// // using a seedable random number generator
+/// let rng: &mut UniScalarRng<StdRng> = &mut UniScalarRng::seed_from_u64(0x42);
+/// let _scalar = BlsScalar::random(rng);
+///
+/// // using randomness derived from the os
+/// let mut rng = &mut UniScalarRng::<OsRng>::default();
+/// let _scalar = BlsScalar::random(rng);
+/// ```
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default)]
+pub struct UniScalarRng<R>(R);
+
+impl<R> CryptoRng for UniScalarRng<R> where R: CryptoRng {}
+
+impl<R> RngCore for UniScalarRng<R>
+where
+    R: RngCore,
+{
+    fn next_u32(&mut self) -> u32 {
+        self.0.next_u32()
+    }
+
+    fn next_u64(&mut self) -> u64 {
+        self.0.next_u64()
+    }
+
+    // We use rejection sampling to generate a valid scalar.
+    fn fill_bytes(&mut self, dest: &mut [u8]) {
+        // There is no uniform distribution over the field of all scalars when
+        // the destination slice can not fit the maximum scalar.
+        if dest.len() < 32 {
+            panic!("buffer too small to generate uniformly distributed random scalar");
+        }
+
+        // We loop as long as it takes to generate a valid scalar.
+        // As long as the random number generator is implemented properly, this
+        // loop will terminate.
+        let mut scalar: Option<Scalar> = None;
+        let mut buf = [0; 32];
+        while scalar == None {
+            self.0.fill_bytes(&mut buf);
+            // Since modulus has at most 255 bits, we can zero the MSB and
+            // improve our chances of hitting a valid scalar to above 50%.
+            buf[32 - 1] &= 0b0111_1111;
+            scalar = Scalar::from_bytes(&buf).into();
+        }
+
+        // Copy the generated random scalar in the first 32 bytes of the
+        // destination slice (scalars are stored in little endian).
+        dest[..32].copy_from_slice(&buf);
+
+        // Zero the remaining bytes (if any).
+        if dest.len() > 32 {
+            dest[32..].fill(0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn try_fill_bytes(&mut self, dest: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), rand_core::Error> {
+        self.0.try_fill_bytes(dest)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<R> SeedableRng for UniScalarRng<R>
+where
+    R: SeedableRng,
+{
+    type Seed = <R as SeedableRng>::Seed;
+
+    fn from_seed(seed: Self::Seed) -> Self {
+        Self(R::from_seed(seed))
+    }
+}
+
 impl Ord for Scalar {
     fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
         for i in (0..4).rev() {
@@ -214,6 +311,20 @@ impl Hash for Scalar {
 }
 
 impl Scalar {
+    /// Generate a valid Scalar using the random scalar generation from the
+    /// `Field` trait.
+    ///
+    /// In contrast to the implementation of `random` that is part of the
+    /// `Field` trait this function doesn't consume the random number generator
+    /// but takes a mutable reference to it. Additionally we also bind the
+    /// random number generator to be `CryptoRng`.
+    pub fn random<T>(rand: &mut T) -> Self
+    where
+        T: RngCore,
+    {
+        <Scalar as Field>::random(&mut *rand)
+    }
+
     /// Checks in ct_time whether a Scalar is equal to zero.
     pub fn is_zero(&self) -> Choice {
         self.ct_eq(&Scalar::zero())
@@ -262,41 +373,6 @@ impl Scalar {
         res
     }
 
-    /// Compute a uniformly distributed random scalar.
-    ///
-    /// Because scalars take 255 bits for encoding it is difficult to generate
-    /// random bit-pattern that ensures to encodes a valid scalar.
-    /// Wrapping the values that are higher than [`MODULUS`], as done in
-    /// [`Self::random`], results in hitting some values more than others, and
-    /// zeroing out the highest two bits will eliminate some values from the
-    /// possible results.
-    ///
-    /// This function achieves a uniform distribution of scalars by using
-    /// rejection sampling: random bit-patterns are generated until a valid
-    /// scalar is found.
-    /// The function is not constant time but that shouldn't be a concern since
-    /// no information about the scalar can be gained by knowing the time of
-    /// its generation.
-    pub fn uni_random<R>(rng: &mut R) -> Self
-    where
-        R: RngCore + CryptoRng,
-    {
-        let mut buf = [0; 32];
-        let mut scalar: Option<Self> = None;
-
-        // We loop as long as it takes to generate a valid scalar.
-        // As long as the random number generator is implemented properly, this
-        // loop will terminate.
-        while scalar == None {
-            rng.fill_bytes(&mut buf);
-            // Since modulus has at most 255 bits, we can zero the MSB and like
-            // this improve our chances of hitting a valid scalar to above 50%
-            buf[32 - 1] &= 0b0111_1111;
-            scalar = Self::from_bytes(&buf).into();
-        }
-        scalar.unwrap()
-    }
-
     /// SHR impl
     #[inline]
     pub fn divn(&mut self, mut n: u32) {
@@ -446,3 +522,43 @@ fn test_scalar_eq_and_hash() {
     assert_eq!(hash_r0, hash_r1);
     assert_ne!(hash_r0, hash_r2);
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_uni_rng() {
+    use rand::rngs::StdRng;
+    let mut rng: UniScalarRng<StdRng> = UniScalarRng::seed_from_u64(0xbeef);
+
+    let mut buf32 = [0u8; 32];
+    let mut buf64 = [0u8; 64];
+
+    for _ in 0..100000 {
+        // fill an array of 64 bytes with our random scalar generator
+        rng.fill_bytes(&mut buf64);
+
+        // copy the first 32 bytes into another buffer and check that these
+        // bytes are the canonical encoding of a scalar
+        buf32.copy_from_slice(&buf64[..32]);
+        let scalar1: Option<Scalar> = Scalar::from_bytes(&buf32).into();
+        assert!(scalar1.is_some());
+
+        // create a second scalar from the 64 bytes wide array and check that it generates
+        // the same scalar as generated from the 32 bytes wide array
+        let scalar2: Scalar = Scalar::from_bytes_wide(&buf64);
+        let scalar1 = scalar1.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(scalar1, scalar2);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_random() {
+    use rand::rngs::StdRng;
+
+    let mut rng: UniScalarRng<StdRng> = UniScalarRng::seed_from_u64(0xbeef);
+    let scalar1 = Scalar::random(&mut rng);
+
+    // re-initialize the rng
+    let rng: UniScalarRng<StdRng> = UniScalarRng::seed_from_u64(0xbeef);
+    let scalar2 = <Scalar as Field>::random(rng);
+
+    assert_eq!(scalar1, scalar2);
+}