experiment: reimplement M0200 for #4580

[crusso]

Builds on #4580.

Moves M0200 error detection from compile.ml to typing.ml, using special #deprecation M0200 in Prim.ml (the same trick we use to selectively deprecate stable memory prims).

[github-actions]

Comparing from 0d36eff to 2125101:
In terms of gas, 1 tests regressed and the mean change is +0.6%.
In terms of size, no changes are observed in 5 tests.

[rvanasa]

LGTM; thanks!