feat(dispatcher): constrained global arguments

Fixes #219

craft_cli/dispatcher.py

@@ -18,10 +18,11 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import argparse
+import dataclasses
 import difflib
-from typing import Any, Literal, NamedTuple, NoReturn, Optional, Sequence
+from typing import Any, Callable, Literal, NamedTuple, NoReturn, Optional, Sequence
 
-from craft_cli import EmitterMode, emit
+from craft_cli import EmitterMode, emit, utils
 from craft_cli.errors import ArgumentParsingError, ProvideHelpException
 from craft_cli.helptexts import HelpBuilder, OutputFormat
 
@@ -43,7 +44,8 @@ class CommandGroup(NamedTuple):
     """Whether the commands in this group are already in the correct order (defaults to False)."""
 
 
-class GlobalArgument(NamedTuple):
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class GlobalArgument:
     """Definition of a global argument to be handled by the Dispatcher."""
 
     name: str
@@ -64,6 +66,27 @@ class GlobalArgument(NamedTuple):
     help_message: str
     """the one-line text that describes the argument, for building the help texts."""
 
+    choices: Sequence[str] | None = dataclasses.field(default=None)
+    """Valid choices for this option."""
+
+    validator: Callable[[str], Any] | None = dataclasses.field(default=None)
+    """A validator callable that converts the option input to the correct value.
+
+    The validator is called when parsing the argument. If it raises an exception, the
+    exception message will be used as part of the usage output. Otherwise, the return
+    value will be used as the content of this option.
+    """
+
+    case_sensitive: bool = True
+    """Whether the choices are case sensitive. Only used if choices are set."""
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        if self.type == "flag":
+            if self.choices is not None or self.validator is not None:
+                raise TypeError("A flag argument cannot have choices or a validator.")
+        elif self.choices and not self.case_sensitive:
+            self.choices = [choice.lower() for choice in self.choices]
+
 
 _DEFAULT_GLOBAL_ARGS = [
     GlobalArgument(
@@ -93,6 +116,9 @@ class GlobalArgument(NamedTuple):
         None,
         "--verbosity",
         "Set the verbosity level to 'quiet', 'brief', 'verbose', 'debug' or 'trace'",
+        choices=[mode.name.lower() for mode in EmitterMode],
+        validator=lambda mode: EmitterMode[mode.upper()],
+        case_sensitive=False,
     ),
 ]
 
@@ -397,20 +423,32 @@ def _parse_options(  # noqa: PLR0912 (too many branches)
                 arg = arg_per_option[sysarg]
                 if arg.type == "flag":
                     global_args[arg.name] = True
-                else:
-                    try:
-                        global_args[arg.name] = next(sysargs_it)
-                    except StopIteration:
-                        msg = f"The {arg.name!r} option expects one argument."
-                        raise self._build_usage_exc(msg)  # noqa: TRY200 (use 'raise from')
+                    continue
+                option = sysarg
+                try:
+                    value = next(sysargs_it)
+                except StopIteration:
+                    msg = f"The {arg.name!r} option expects one argument."
+                    raise self._build_usage_exc(msg)  # noqa: TRY200 (use 'raise from')
             elif sysarg.startswith(tuple(options_with_equal)):
                 option, value = sysarg.split("=", 1)
-                arg = arg_per_option[option]
-                if not value:
-                    raise self._build_usage_exc(f"The {arg.name!r} option expects one argument.")
-                global_args[arg.name] = value
             else:
                 filtered_sysargs.append(sysarg)
+                continue
+            arg = arg_per_option[option]
+            if not value:
+                raise self._build_usage_exc(f"The {arg.name!r} option expects one argument.")
+            if arg.choices is not None:
+                if not arg.case_sensitive:
+                    value = value.lower()
+                if value not in arg.choices:
+                    choices = utils.humanise_list([f"'{choice}'" for choice in arg.choices])
+                    raise self._build_usage_exc(
+                        f"Bad {arg.name} {value!r}; valid values are {choices}."
+                    )
+
+            validator = arg.validator or str
+            global_args[arg.name] = validator(value)
         return global_args, filtered_sysargs
 
     def pre_parse_args(self, sysargs: list[str]) -> dict[str, Any]:
@@ -436,14 +474,7 @@ def pre_parse_args(self, sysargs: list[str]) -> dict[str, Any]:
         elif global_args["verbose"]:
             emit.set_mode(EmitterMode.VERBOSE)
         elif global_args["verbosity"]:
-            try:
-                verbosity_level = EmitterMode[global_args["verbosity"].upper()]
-            except KeyError:
-                raise self._build_usage_exc(  # noqa: TRY200 (use 'raise from')
-                    "Bad verbosity level; valid values are "
-                    "'quiet', 'brief', 'verbose', 'debug' and 'trace'."
-                )
-            emit.set_mode(verbosity_level)
+            emit.set_mode(global_args["verbosity"])
         emit.trace(f"Raw pre-parsed sysargs: args={global_args} filtered={filtered_sysargs}")
 
         # handle requested help through -h/--help options

craft_cli/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# Copyright 2024 Canonical Ltd.
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License version 3 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+# Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+"""Utility functions for craft_cli."""
+from typing import Sequence
+
+
+def humanise_list(values: Sequence[str], conjunction: str = "and") -> str:
+    """Convert a collection of values to a string that lists the values.
+
+    :param values: The values to turn into a list
+    :param conjunction: The conjunction to use between the last two items
+    :returns: A string containing the list phrase ready to insert into a sentence.
+    """
+    if not values:
+        return ""
+    start = ", ".join(values[:-1])
+    return f"{start} {conjunction} {values[-1]}"

docs/.wordlist.txt

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ RTD
 subdirectories
 subtree
 subfolders
+utils
 UI
 VM
 YAML

pyproject.toml

@@ -44,7 +44,9 @@ emitter = "craft_cli.pytest_plugin"
 [project.optional-dependencies]
 dev = [
     "coverage[toml]==7.3.2",
+    "hypothesis==6.92.9",
     "pytest==7.4.3",
+    "pytest-check==2.2.4",
     "pytest-cov==4.1.0",
     "pytest-mock==3.12.0",
     "pytest-subprocess"

tests/unit/test_dispatcher.py

@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ def test_dispatcher_generic_setup_verbosity_levels_wrong():
         Usage: appname [options] command [args]...
         Try 'appname -h' for help.
 
-        Error: Bad verbosity level; valid values are 'quiet', 'brief', 'verbose', 'debug' and 'trace'.
+        Error: Bad verbosity 'yelling'; valid values are 'quiet', 'brief', 'verbose', 'debug' and 'trace'.
     """
     )
 

tests/unit/test_utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# Copyright 2024 Canonical Ltd.
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License version 3 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+# Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+"""Unit tests for utility functions."""
+import re
+
+import pytest
+import pytest_check
+from hypothesis import given, strategies
+
+from craft_cli import utils
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "values",
+    [
+        [],
+        ["one-thing"],
+        ["two", "things"],
+    ],
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("conjunction", ["and", "or", "but not"])
+def test_humanise_list_success(values, conjunction):
+    actual = utils.humanise_list(values, conjunction)
+
+    pytest_check.equal(actual.count(","), max((len(values) - 2, 0)))
+    with pytest_check.check:
+        assert actual == "" or conjunction in actual
+    for value in values:
+        pytest_check.is_in(value, actual)
+
+
+@given(
+    values=strategies.lists(strategies.text()),
+    conjunction=strategies.text(),
+)
+def test_humanise_list_fuzzy(values, conjunction):
+    actual = utils.humanise_list(values, conjunction)
+
+    pytest_check.greater_equal(actual.count(","), max((len(values) - 2, 0)))
+    with pytest_check.check:
+        assert actual == "" or conjunction in actual
+    for value in values:
+        pytest_check.is_in(value, actual)