[#2113] feat(pyClient): initial Gravitino Python client module (#2676)

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?

<img width="982" alt="image"
src="https://github.com/datastrato/gravitino/assets/2016594/9005bd8e-b6cb-4af3-bd35-3067f90cb81d">

The more detailed introductions for the PR has been uploaded on the
[bilibili](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV11i42197x3/?vd_source=b1397e6194e37e70828e961f41b7b9db),
please jump in there to get a quick view.

#2113

### Follow the below command

1. Install the python-client in your local machine, notice that version
of Python should be upper than 3.8.

```shell
$ cd clients/client-python
$ pip install -e .
$ pip install ipython (optional)
$ ipython (optional)
```

2. Run the Python terminal and happy coding.

```
In [1]: from gravitino import GravitinoClient
In [2]: client = GravitinoClient("http://localhost:8090")
In [3]: client.get_metalakes()
In [4]: metalake_demo = client.get_metalakes()[1]
In [5]: metalake_demo.catalog_hive.sales.customers.info()
```

I will follow next steps to refactor/implement the initial Python
Client, also heads up @Lanznx was the initial contributor for the Python
Client.

- [x] Remove `requests` since we are using really simple HTTP client to
communicate between `Python script` and `Gravitino`, the `http.client`
in Python3 is sufficient.
- [x] Add Unit test
- [ ] Add codes linter
- [ ] Provide an approach for uploading PyPI


### Why are the changes needed?
The motivation of the PR intend to introduce an interactivity and
exploratory user-experience between Python terminal and Gravitino
Server.

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
N/A

### How was this patch tested?
Unit tests will cover changes.

---------

Co-authored-by: Yongjie Zhao <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Shaofeng Shi <[email protected]>

clients/client-python/.gitignore

@@ -1,5 +1,160 @@
-# Copyright 2024 Datastrato Pvt Ltd.
-# This software is licensed under the Apache License version 2.
-
+# Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files
 __pycache__/
-.pytest_cache/
+*.py[cod]
+*$py.class
+
+# C extensions
+*.so
+
+# Distribution / packaging
+.Python
+build/
+develop-eggs/
+dist/
+downloads/
+eggs/
+.eggs/
+lib/
+lib64/
+parts/
+sdist/
+var/
+wheels/
+share/python-wheels/
+*.egg-info/
+.installed.cfg
+*.egg
+MANIFEST
+
+# PyInstaller
+#  Usually these files are written by a python script from a template
+#  before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it.
+*.manifest
+*.spec
+
+# Installer logs
+pip-log.txt
+pip-delete-this-directory.txt
+
+# Unit test / coverage reports
+htmlcov/
+.tox/
+.nox/
+.coverage
+.coverage.*
+.cache
+nosetests.xml
+coverage.xml
+*.cover
+*.py,cover
+.hypothesis/
+.pytest_cache/
+cover/
+
+# Translations
+*.mo
+*.pot
+
+# Django stuff:
+*.log
+local_settings.py
+db.sqlite3
+db.sqlite3-journal
+
+# Flask stuff:
+instance/
+.webassets-cache
+
+# Scrapy stuff:
+.scrapy
+
+# Sphinx documentation
+docs/_build/
+
+# PyBuilder
+.pybuilder/
+target/
+
+# Jupyter Notebook
+.ipynb_checkpoints
+
+# IPython
+profile_default/
+ipython_config.py
+
+# pyenv
+#   For a library or package, you might want to ignore these files since the code is
+#   intended to run in multiple environments; otherwise, check them in:
+# .python-version
+
+# pipenv
+#   According to pypa/pipenv#598, it is recommended to include Pipfile.lock in version control.
+#   However, in case of collaboration, if having platform-specific dependencies or dependencies
+#   having no cross-platform support, pipenv may install dependencies that don't work, or not
+#   install all needed dependencies.
+#Pipfile.lock
+
+# poetry
+#   Similar to Pipfile.lock, it is generally recommended to include poetry.lock in version control.
+#   This is especially recommended for binary packages to ensure reproducibility, and is more
+#   commonly ignored for libraries.
+#   https://python-poetry.org/docs/basic-usage/#commit-your-poetrylock-file-to-version-control
+#poetry.lock
+
+# pdm
+#   Similar to Pipfile.lock, it is generally recommended to include pdm.lock in version control.
+#pdm.lock
+#   pdm stores project-wide configurations in .pdm.toml, but it is recommended to not include it
+#   in version control.
+#   https://pdm.fming.dev/#use-with-ide
+.pdm.toml
+
+# PEP 582; used by e.g. github.com/David-OConnor/pyflow and github.com/pdm-project/pdm
+__pypackages__/
+
+# Celery stuff
+celerybeat-schedule
+celerybeat.pid
+
+# SageMath parsed files
+*.sage.py
+
+# Environments
+.env
+.venv
+env/
+venv/
+ENV/
+env.bak/
+venv.bak/
+
+# Spyder project settings
+.spyderproject
+.spyproject
+
+# Rope project settings
+.ropeproject
+
+# mkdocs documentation
+/site
+
+# mypy
+.mypy_cache/
+.dmypy.json
+dmypy.json
+
+# Pyre type checker
+.pyre/
+
+# pytype static type analyzer
+.pytype/
+
+# Cython debug symbols
+cython_debug/
+
+# PyCharm
+#  JetBrains specific template is maintained in a separate JetBrains.gitignore that can
+#  be found at https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/main/Global/JetBrains.gitignore
+#  and can be added to the global gitignore or merged into this file.  For a more nuclear
+#  option (not recommended) you can uncomment the following to ignore the entire idea folder.
+#.idea/

clients/client-python/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Copyright 2024 Datastrato Pvt Ltd.
+# This software is licensed under the Apache License version 2.
+.PHONY: mkvenv install test clean
+
+mkvenv:
+	python -m venv venv && source ./venv/bin/activate && pip install -U pip
+
+install:
+	source ./venv/bin/activate && pip install -e .
+
+test:
+	source ./venv/bin/activate && python -m unittest
+
+clean:
+	rm -rf venv

clients/client-python/README.md

@@ -5,9 +5,14 @@
 
 # Quick Start
 
-1. Install dependency
+1. Install current library in your local machine. 
     ```bash
-    pip install -r requirements.txt
+    pip install -e .
     ```
 
-2. After the packages is installed, you can simply run `pytest` in any directory inside gravitino/
+# Development Environment
+
+1. Install dependency
+    ```bash
+    pip install -e .[dev]
+    ```

clients/client-python/gravitino/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+"""
+Copyright 2024 Datastrato Pvt Ltd.
+This software is licensed under the Apache License version 2.
+"""
+
+from gravitino.gravitino_client import (
+    GravitinoClient,
+    gravitino_metalake,
+    MetaLake,
+    Catalog,
+    Schema,
+    Table,
+)

clients/client-python/gravitino_client/__init__.py → clients/client-python/gravitino/constants.py

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 """
 Copyright 2024 Datastrato Pvt Ltd.
 This software is licensed under the Apache License version 2.
-"""
+"""
+
+TIMEOUT = 10

clients/client-python/__init__.py → clients/client-python/gravitino/exceptions.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 """
 Copyright 2024 Datastrato Pvt Ltd.
 This software is licensed under the Apache License version 2.
-"""
+"""

clients/client-python/gravitino/gravitino_client.py

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+"""
+Copyright 2024 Datastrato Pvt Ltd.
+This software is licensed under the Apache License version 2.
+"""
+
+from gravitino.constants import TIMEOUT
+from gravitino.service import initialize_service, service
+
+
+class MetaLake:
+    def __init__(self, metalake_name: str):
+        self.name = metalake_name
+        self.service = service["service"]
+        self.metalake = self.service.get_metalake(self.name)
+        self.catalogs = self.service.list_catalogs(self.name)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"MetaLake<{self.name}>"
+
+    def __getattr__(self, catalog_name):
+        if catalog_name in dir(self):
+            return Catalog(self.name, catalog_name)
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        return [catalog["name"] for catalog in self.catalogs]
+
+    def __contains__(self, item):
+        return item in dir(self)
+
+
+class Catalog:
+    def __init__(self, metalake_name: str, catalog_name: str):
+        self.metalake_name = metalake_name
+        self.catalog_name = catalog_name
+        self.name = catalog_name
+        self.service = service["service"]
+        self.schemas = self.service.list_schemas(metalake_name, catalog_name)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"Catalog<{self.name}>"
+
+    def __getattr__(self, schema_name):
+        if schema_name in dir(self):
+            return Schema(self.metalake_name, self.catalog_name, schema_name)
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        return [schema["name"] for schema in self.schemas]
+
+    def __contains__(self, item):
+        return item in dir(self)
+
+
+class Schema:
+    def __init__(self, metalake_name: str, catalog_name: str, schema_name: str):
+        self.metalake_name = metalake_name
+        self.catalog_name = catalog_name
+        self.schema_name = schema_name
+        self.name = schema_name
+        self.service = service["service"]
+        self.tables = self.service.list_tables(metalake_name, catalog_name, schema_name)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"Schema<{self.name}>"
+
+    def __getattr__(self, table_name):
+        if table_name in dir(self):
+            return Table(
+                self.metalake_name, self.catalog_name, self.schema_name, table_name
+            )
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        return [table["name"] for table in self.tables]
+
+    def __contains__(self, item):
+        return item in dir(self)
+
+
+class Table:
+    def __init__(
+        self, metalake_name: str, catalog_name: str, schema_name: str, table_name: str
+    ):
+        self.metalake_name = metalake_name
+        self.catalog_name = catalog_name
+        self.schema_name = schema_name
+        self.table_name = table_name
+        self.name = schema_name
+        self.service = service["service"]
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"Table<{self.name}>"
+
+    def info(self):
+        return self.service.get_table(
+            self.metalake_name, self.catalog_name, self.schema_name, self.table_name
+        )
+
+
+class GravitinoClient:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host: str,
+        *,
+        prefix: str = "/api",
+        timeout: int = TIMEOUT,
+        debug: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        _base_url = f"{host.rstrip('/')}/{prefix.strip('/')}"
+        initialize_service(_base_url, timeout)
+        self.service = service["service"]
+        self.debug = debug
+
+    @classmethod
+    def initialize_metalake(
+        cls,
+        host: str,
+        metalake_name: str,
+        *,
+        prefix: str = "/api",
+        timeout: int = TIMEOUT,
+        debug: bool = False,
+    ) -> MetaLake:
+        # keep in mind, all constructors should include same interface as __init__ function
+        client = cls(
+            host,
+            prefix=prefix,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            debug=debug,
+        )
+        return client.get_metalake(metalake_name)
+
+    @property
+    def version(self):
+        return self.service.get_version()
+
+    def get_metalakes(self) -> [MetaLake]:
+        return [
+            MetaLake(metalake.get("name")) for metalake in self.service.list_metalakes()
+        ]
+
+    def get_metalake(self, metalake: str) -> MetaLake:
+        return MetaLake(metalake)
+
+
+def gravitino_metalake(
+    host: str,
+    metalake_name: str,
+    *,
+    prefix: str = "/api",
+    timeout: int = TIMEOUT,
+    debug: bool = False,
+) -> MetaLake:
+    return GravitinoClient.initialize_metalake(
+        host,
+        metalake_name,
+        prefix=prefix,
+        timeout=timeout,
+        debug=debug,
+    )