Account for change in UTC offset when calculating next schedule

airflow/models/dag.py

@@ -848,16 +848,35 @@ def date_range(
         return [info.logical_date for info in it]
 
     def is_fixed_time_schedule(self):
+        """Figures out if the schedule has a fixed time (e.g. 3 AM every day).
+
+        Detection is done by "peeking" the next two cron trigger time; if the
+        two times have the same minute and hour value, the schedule is fixed,
+        and we *don't* need to perform the DST fix.
+
+        This assumes DST happens on whole minute changes (e.g. 12:59 -> 12:00).
+
+        Do not try to understand what this actually means. It is old logic that
+        should not be used anywhere.
+        """
         warnings.warn(
             "`DAG.is_fixed_time_schedule()` is deprecated.",
             category=RemovedInAirflow3Warning,
             stacklevel=2,
         )
-        try:
-            return not self.timetable._should_fix_dst
-        except AttributeError:
+
+        from airflow.timetables._cron import CronMixin
+
+        if not isinstance(self.timetable, CronMixin):
             return True
 
+        from croniter import croniter
+
+        cron = croniter(self.timetable._expression)
+        next_a = cron.get_next(datetime.datetime)
+        next_b = cron.get_next(datetime.datetime)
+        return next_b.minute == next_a.minute and next_b.hour == next_a.hour
+
     def following_schedule(self, dttm):
         """
         Calculate the following schedule for this dag in UTC.

airflow/timetables/_cron.py

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import datetime
-from functools import cached_property
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 from cron_descriptor import CasingTypeEnum, ExpressionDescriptor, FormatException, MissingFieldException
@@ -32,21 +31,32 @@
     from pendulum import DateTime
 
 
-def _is_schedule_fixed(expression: str) -> bool:
-    """Figures out if the schedule has a fixed time (e.g. 3 AM every day).
+def _covers_every_hour(cron: croniter) -> bool:
+    """Check whether the given cron runs at least once an hour.
 
-    :return: True if the schedule has a fixed time, False if not.
+    This indicates whether we need to implement a workaround for (what I call)
+    the "fold hour problem". Folding happens when a region switches time
+    backwards, usually as a part of ending a DST period, causing a block of time
+    to occur twice in the wall clock. This is indicated by the ``fold`` flag on
+    datetime.
 
-    Detection is done by "peeking" the next two cron trigger time; if the
-    two times have the same minute and hour value, the schedule is fixed,
-    and we *don't* need to perform the DST fix.
+    As an example, Switzerland in 2023 ended DST on 3am (wall clock time, UTC+2)
+    by dialing back the clock to 2am (UTC+1). So for (say) ``30 * * * *``, if
+    the last run was 2:30am (UTC+2), the next needs to be 2:30am (UTC+1, folded)
+    instead of 3:30am.
 
-    This assumes DST happens on whole minute changes (e.g. 12:59 -> 12:00).
+    While this technically happens for all runs (in such a timezone), we only
+    really want to care about runs that happen at least once an hour, and can
+    provide a somewhat reasonable rationale to skip the fold hour for things
+    such as ``*/2`` (every two hour). So we try to *minially* peak into croniter
+    internals to work around the issue.
+
+    The check is simple since croniter internally normalizes things to ``*``.
+    More edge cases can be added later as needed.
+
+    See also: https://github.com/kiorky/croniter/issues/56.
     """
-    cron = croniter(expression)
-    next_a = cron.get_next(datetime.datetime)
-    next_b = cron.get_next(datetime.datetime)
-    return next_b.minute == next_a.minute and next_b.hour == next_a.hour
+    return cron.expanded[1] == ["*"]
 
 
 class CronMixin:
@@ -91,18 +101,12 @@ def validate(self) -> None:
         except (CroniterBadCronError, CroniterBadDateError) as e:
             raise AirflowTimetableInvalid(str(e))
 
-    @cached_property
-    def _should_fix_dst(self) -> bool:
-        # This is lazy so instantiating a schedule does not immediately raise
-        # an exception. Validity is checked with validate() during DAG-bagging.
-        return not _is_schedule_fixed(self._expression)
-
     def _get_next(self, current: DateTime) -> DateTime:
         """Get the first schedule after specified time, with DST fixed."""
         naive = make_naive(current, self._timezone)
         cron = croniter(self._expression, start_time=naive)
         scheduled = cron.get_next(datetime.datetime)
-        if not self._should_fix_dst:
+        if not _covers_every_hour(cron):
             return convert_to_utc(make_aware(scheduled, self._timezone))
         delta = scheduled - naive
         return convert_to_utc(current.in_timezone(self._timezone) + delta)
@@ -112,7 +116,7 @@ def _get_prev(self, current: DateTime) -> DateTime:
         naive = make_naive(current, self._timezone)
         cron = croniter(self._expression, start_time=naive)
         scheduled = cron.get_prev(datetime.datetime)
-        if not self._should_fix_dst:
+        if not _covers_every_hour(cron):
             return convert_to_utc(make_aware(scheduled, self._timezone))
         delta = naive - scheduled
         return convert_to_utc(current.in_timezone(self._timezone) - delta)