Web scraping / API re-introduction

[trevorcampbell]

Closes #64
Closes #270
Closes #272

• reintroduces web scraping / API material
• makes web scraping section reproducible (downloaded .html file from wiki, behind the scenes loads that file)
• cleans up / syntax highlights the HTML code on the page
• adds lxml to the book image
• switches twitter API for NASA API
• add google analytics
• fixes bugs in the update_environment workflow

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[trevorcampbell]

@joelostblom this should be good now, but I did want your opinion on one thing: the last block of code in the API section. It looks like this:

data_dict = {
	"date":[],
	"title": [],
	"copyright" : [],
	"url": []
}

for item in nasa_data:
	data_dict["copyright"].append(item["copyright"] if "copyright" in item else None)
	for entry in ["url", "title", "date"]:
		data_dict[entry].append(item[entry])

nasa_df = pd.DataFrame(data_dict)
nasa_df

It is a little bit complicated for chapter 2 of the book. I currently put a note box warning before it:

But do you have any idea for how to simplify it?

[joelostblom]

I didn't go through this in detail, but from skimming it looks great overall!

I don't have anything drastically simpler for your snippet in the end. Maybe students would find it easier without the ternary expression?

data_dict = {
	"date":[],
	"title": [],
	"copyright" : [],
	"url": []
}

for item in nasa_data:
        if "copyright" in item:
            data_dict["copyright"].append(item["copyright"])
        else:
            data_dict["copyright"].append(None)

	for entry in ["url", "title", "date"]:
		data_dict[entry].append(item[entry])

nasa_df = pd.DataFrame(data_dict)
nasa_df

One note is that we use 4 spaces for indentation in the rest of the book, but it seems like you used 8 here. Another note is that if we want to further this chapter sometime in the future, I think https://scrapy.org/ is both more powerful and more intuitive in many cases than using beautiful soup directly.