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# Summary

`DisCoTec` is a C++ framework for the sparse grid combination technique, targeting massively parallel settings.
It provides shared-memory parallelism via OpenMP and distributed-memory parallelism via MPI,
and is designed to be used in combination with existing simulation codes.

A central part of the combination technique at scale is the transformation of grid functions into a multi-scale basis,
where basis coefficents are not proportional to the function values, but to the smaller-scale deviation from larger-scale features
(currently, a selection of three different lifting wavelets is available).
However, any code that can operate on nested structured grids can employ the model order reduction
provided by the underlying sparse grid approach, without considering any multi-scale operations; this part is provided by DisCoTec.
Although already 2D applications can see significant benefits, the higher-dimensional (4- to 6-dimensional)
grids employed in high-fidelity plasma simulations benefit even more from the combination technique [@pollingerStableMassconservingSparse2023].

Further features include the widely-distributed simulation of higher-dimensional problems,
in which multiple HPC systems cooperate to solve a joint simulation [@pollingerLeveragingComputePower2023].
Thus, `DisCoTec` can leverage the compute power and main memory of multiple HPC systems.
The transfer cost is relatively low due to the multi-scale approach in the combination technique
-- much less than with a traditional domain decomposition.
`DisCoTec` is a C++ framework for the sparse grid combination technique, designed for massively parallel settings.
It is implemented with shared-memory parallelism via OpenMP and distributed-memory parallelism via MPI, and is intended to be used in conjunction with existing simulation codes.
For simulation codes that can handle nested structured grids, little to no adaptation work is needed to use the `DisCoTec` framework.
`DisCoTec` demonstrates its superiority in higher-dimensional simulations, such as high-fidelity plasma simulations in 4- to 6-dimensions [@pollingerStableMassconservingSparse2023].
And even in the 2D case, improvements are observable.

A central part of the combination technique at scale is the transformation of grid coefficients into a multi-scale basis.
`DisCoTec` provides a selection of three different lifting wavelets for this purpose: hierachical hat basis, biorthogonal, and fullweighting basis.
In addition, any code that can operate on nested structured grids can benefit from the model order reduction provided by the underlying sparse grid approach used by `DisCoTec`, without requiring any multi-scale operations.
An additional feature of `DisCoTec` is the possibility of widely-distributed simulations of higher-dimensional problems, where multiple HPC systems collaborate to solve a joint simulation, as demonstrated in [@pollingerLeveragingComputePower2023].
Thus, `DisCoTec` can leverage the compute power and main memory of multiple HPC systems, with comparatively low and manageable transfer costs due to the combination technique.



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