Upgrade CI: new cloud cluster, new container, more tests, still intel only

[laurenchilutti]

Description

Upgrade to the GitHub CI for this repository's main branch.
This PR will now allow for all tests in https://github.com/NOAA-GFDL/SHiELD_build/tree/main/RTS/CI tobe tested with each PR to the main branch.
This will also align with an upgrade to a new cloud cluster (switching from a more expensive cluster to a less expensive one).
This will also align with an upgrade to the container on the cloud that the code is being compiled and run in. The version of intel is now 2023.2.0 and other packages have been upgraded.

This should be squash merged - there were many commits during testing.

Fixes # (issue)

How Has This Been Tested?

This has been tested via this PR's CI tests

Checklist:

Please check all whether they apply or not

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have performed a self-review of my own code
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• My changes generate no new warnings
• Any dependent changes have been merged and published in downstream modules

[laurenchilutti]

I'm just rerunning the CI since I just merged an update to SHiELD_build. Want to confirm this all works perfectly before merging.