diff --git a/lmfdb/elliptic_curves/elliptic_curve.py b/lmfdb/elliptic_curves/elliptic_curve.py
index 14eb87b237..5037fb97ae 100644
--- a/lmfdb/elliptic_curves/elliptic_curve.py
+++ b/lmfdb/elliptic_curves/elliptic_curve.py
@@ -764,21 +764,22 @@ def render_curve_webpage_by_label(label):
     code = data.code()
     code['show'] = {'magma':'','pari':'','sage':'','oscar':''} # use default show names
     learnmore_curve_picture = ('Picture description', url_for(".curve_picture_page"))
-    T =  render_template("ec-curve.html",
-                         properties=data.properties,
-                         data=data,
-                         # set default show names but actually code snippets are filled in only when needed
-                         code=code,
-                         bread=data.bread, title=data.title,
-                         friends=data.friends,
-                         downloads=data.downloads,
-                         KNOWL_ID="ec.q.%s"%lmfdb_label,
-                         BACKUP_KNOWL_ID="ec.q.%s"%data.lmfdb_iso,
-                         learnmore=learnmore_list_add(*learnmore_curve_picture))
+    T = render_template("ec-curve.html",
+                        properties=data.properties,
+                        data=data,
+                        # set default show names but actually code snippets are filled in only when needed
+                        code=code,
+                        bread=data.bread, title=data.title,
+                        friends=data.friends,
+                        downloads=data.downloads,
+                        KNOWL_ID="ec.q.%s"%lmfdb_label,
+                        BACKUP_KNOWL_ID="ec.q.%s"%data.lmfdb_iso,
+                        learnmore=learnmore_list_add(*learnmore_curve_picture))
     ec_logger.debug("Total walltime: %ss"%(time.time() - t0))
     ec_logger.debug("Total cputime: %ss"%(cputime(cpt0)))
     return T
 
+
 @ec_page.route("/data/<label>")
 def EC_data(label):
     bread = get_bread([(label, url_for_label(label)), ("Data", " ")])
diff --git a/lmfdb/elliptic_curves/web_ec.py b/lmfdb/elliptic_curves/web_ec.py
index 521c0b7fd9..412e2910f3 100644
--- a/lmfdb/elliptic_curves/web_ec.py
+++ b/lmfdb/elliptic_curves/web_ec.py
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ def red(p):
         if adelic_data:
             assert len(adelic_data) == 1
             my_adelic_data = adelic_data[0]
-            data['adelic_data'] =  my_adelic_data
+            data['adelic_data'] = my_adelic_data
             data['adelic_gens_latex'] = ",".join([str(latex(dispZmat_from_list(z,2))) for z in my_adelic_data['adelic_gens']])
             M = ZZ(self.adelic_level)
             data['adelic_level_latex'] = web_latex_factored_integer(M,equals=True)
diff --git a/lmfdb/groups/abstract/main.py b/lmfdb/groups/abstract/main.py
index 76d1f9f5b1..e8c80cf7d6 100644
--- a/lmfdb/groups/abstract/main.py
+++ b/lmfdb/groups/abstract/main.py
@@ -1492,7 +1492,7 @@ def diagram_js(gp, layers, display_opts, aut=False, normal=False):
         ilayer += 2
         iorder += 2
     if gp.outer_equivalence and ilayer>3:
-       ilayer -= 2
+        ilayer -= 2
     ll = [
         [
             grp.subgroup,
@@ -1630,7 +1630,7 @@ def render_abstract_group(label, data=None):
             friends += [("As the automorphism of a curve", auto_url)]
 
         if abstract_group_label_regex.fullmatch(label) and len(gp.transitive_friends) > 0:
-            gal_gp_url =  "/GaloisGroup/?gal="+label
+            gal_gp_url = "/GaloisGroup/?gal=" + label
             friends += [("As a transitive group", gal_gp_url)]
 
         if db.gps_st.count({"component_group": label}) > 0:
diff --git a/lmfdb/groups/abstract/verify.py b/lmfdb/groups/abstract/verify.py
index b19da3ce69..e3912caab2 100644
--- a/lmfdb/groups/abstract/verify.py
+++ b/lmfdb/groups/abstract/verify.py
@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ def test_small_gps(sample_gp):
         #Confirm number of non-conjugate subgroups (if known in database)
         if sample_gp['number_subgroup_classes']:
             SubLat = libgap.LatticeSubgroups(G)
-            Cons =  libgap.ConjugacyClassesSubgroups(SubLat)
+            Cons = libgap.ConjugacyClassesSubgroups(SubLat)
             print ("Number of subgroup classes match: "  + str(libgap.Size(Cons) == sample_gp['number_subgroup_classes']))
         if sample_gp['number_normal_subgroups']:
             NormLat = libgap.NormalSubgroups(G)
-            print ("Number of normal subgroups match: " + str(libgap.Size(NormLat) == sample_gp['number_normal_subgroups']))
+            print("Number of normal subgroups match: " + str(libgap.Size(NormLat) == sample_gp['number_normal_subgroups']))
 
         # check if minimal permutation  degrees match
         if sample_gp['permutation_degree']:
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ def test_small_gps(sample_gp):
             print("Minimal permutation degrees match: " + str(minpermdeg_gap == sample_gp['permutation_degree']))
 
         # check order stats
-        stupid_str = 'Set(ConjugacyClasses(SmallGroup(' +  id_nums[0]+ ',' + id_nums[1] + ")), z->Order(Representative(z))) "
+        stupid_str = 'Set(ConjugacyClasses(SmallGroup(' + id_nums[0] + ',' + id_nums[1] + ")), z->Order(Representative(z))) "
         ords = libgap.eval(stupid_str)
 
         ordsLMFDB = []
@@ -47,24 +47,24 @@ def test_small_gps(sample_gp):
         for i in range(len(ords_list)):
             ordsLMFDB.append(ords_list[i][0])
         print("Order set matches: " + str(ords == ordsLMFDB))
-        #print(ords,ordsLMFDB)
+        # print(ords,ordsLMFDB)
 
-        #check degrees
-        irr_stats =  sample_gp['irrep_stats']
+        # check degrees
+        irr_stats = sample_gp['irrep_stats']
         degLMFDB = []
         for i in range(len(irr_stats)):
             for j in range(irr_stats[i][1]):
                 degLMFDB.append(irr_stats[i][0])
-        stupid_str_2 = 'List(Irr(SmallGroup(' + id_nums[0] + ',' + id_nums[1]+    ')), z -> z[1])'
+        stupid_str_2 = 'List(Irr(SmallGroup(' + id_nums[0] + ',' + id_nums[1] + ')), z -> z[1])'
         degs = libgap.eval(stupid_str_2)
 
         print("Degrees of characters match: " + str(degs == degLMFDB))
-        #print(degs,degLMFDB)
+        # print(degs,degLMFDB)
 
 
-#pick random group of order <= 2000 from DB
+# pick random group of order <= 2000 from DB
 
 for i in range(10):
-    x  = db.gps_groups_test.random({'order': {"$lte" :2000}})
+    x = db.gps_groups_test.random({'order': {"$lte" :2000}})
     sample_gp =db.gps_groups_test.lucky({'label': x})
     test_small_gps(sample_gp)
diff --git a/lmfdb/groups/abstract/web_groups.py b/lmfdb/groups/abstract/web_groups.py
index 0818ed6bd5..15ebbeb21d 100644
--- a/lmfdb/groups/abstract/web_groups.py
+++ b/lmfdb/groups/abstract/web_groups.py
@@ -942,7 +942,7 @@ def properties(self):
                 props.extend([(r"$\card{Z(G)}$", "not computed")])
 
             if self.aut_order is None:
-                  props.extend([(r"$\card{\mathrm{Aut}(G)}$", "not computed")])
+                props.extend([(r"$\card{\mathrm{Aut}(G)}$", "not computed")])
             else:
                 try:
                     props.extend([
@@ -952,7 +952,7 @@ def properties(self):
                     pass
 
             if self.outer_order is None:
-                  props.extend([(r"$\card{\mathrm{Out}(G)}$", "not computed")])
+                props.extend([(r"$\card{\mathrm{Out}(G)}$", "not computed")])
             else:
                 try:
                     props.extend([
@@ -1003,7 +1003,7 @@ def subgp_paragraph(self):
                     ret_str=ret_str+ ", and all normal subgroups are characteristic.<p>"+charcolor
                 return ret_str
         elif self.number_normal_subgroups < self.number_subgroups:
-            ret_str =  "There are " + str(self.number_subgroups) + """ subgroups in <a href=" """ + str(url_for('.index', search_type='Subgroups', ambient=self.label)) + """ "> """ + str(self.number_subgroup_classes) + """ conjugacy classes</a>, <a href=" """ + str(url_for('.index', search_type='Subgroups', ambient=self.label, normal='yes'))+ """ "> """ +str(self.number_normal_subgroups) + """ normal</a>"""
+            ret_str = "There are " + str(self.number_subgroups) + """ subgroups in <a href=" """ + str(url_for('.index', search_type='Subgroups', ambient=self.label)) + """ "> """ + str(self.number_subgroup_classes) + """ conjugacy classes</a>, <a href=" """ + str(url_for('.index', search_type='Subgroups', ambient=self.label, normal='yes'))+ """ "> """ +str(self.number_normal_subgroups) + """ normal</a>"""
         else:
             ret_str = """ There are  <a href=" """ +str(url_for('.index', search_type='Subgroups', ambient=self.label)) + """ "> """ +str(self.number_subgroups) + """ subgroups</a>, all normal"""
         if self.number_characteristic_subgroups < self.number_normal_subgroups:
@@ -1137,7 +1137,7 @@ def normal_profile(self):
             by_order = defaultdict(Counter)
             for s in self.subgroups.values():
                 if s.normal:
-                     by_order[s.subgroup_order][s.subgroup, s.subgroup_hash, s.subgroup_tex, s.quotient, s.quotient_hash, s.quotient_tex, s.quotient_order] += s.conjugacy_class_count
+                    by_order[s.subgroup_order][s.subgroup, s.subgroup_hash, s.subgroup_tex, s.quotient, s.quotient_hash, s.quotient_tex, s.quotient_order] += s.conjugacy_class_count
             if self.normal_counts is not None:
                 for d, cnt in zip(self.order.divisors(), self.normal_counts):
                     if cnt and cnt > sum(by_order[d].values()):
@@ -1815,10 +1815,9 @@ def aut_stats(self):
     def aut_statistics(self):
         if self.aut_stats is None:
             return None
-        else:
-           D = Counter()
-           for (o, s, k, m) in self.aut_stats:
-               D[o] += m
+        D = Counter()
+        for o, s, k, m in self.aut_stats:
+            D[o] += m
         return sorted(D.items())
 
     @lazy_attribute
@@ -2615,7 +2614,7 @@ def repr_strg(self, other_page=False):
             d = data["d"]
             return f"Elements of the group are displayed as permutations of degree {d}."
         elif rep_type == "PC":
-            rep_str =  "Elements of the group are displayed as words in the presentation"
+            rep_str = "Elements of the group are displayed as words in the presentation"
             if other_page:
                 return rep_str + self.representation_line("PC", skip_head=True)
             else:
@@ -2701,7 +2700,7 @@ def code_snippets(self):
         code = yaml.load(open(os.path.join(_curdir, "code.yaml")), Loader=yaml.FullLoader)
         code['show'] = { lang:'' for lang in code['prompt'] }
         if "PC" in self.representations:
-            gens =  self.presentation_raw(as_str=False)
+            gens = self.presentation_raw(as_str=False)
             pccodelist = self.representations["PC"]["pres"]
             pccode = self.representations["PC"]["code"]
             ordgp = self.order
@@ -2765,7 +2764,7 @@ def code_snippets(self):
         }
         for prop in code:
             for lang in code['prompt']:
-               code[prop][lang] = code[prop][lang].format(**data)
+                code[prop][lang] = code[prop][lang].format(**data)
         return code
 
     # The following attributes are used in create_boolean_string
diff --git a/lmfdb/modl_galois_representations/main.py b/lmfdb/modl_galois_representations/main.py
index 2f214bbd6c..6f28ba2bcf 100644
--- a/lmfdb/modl_galois_representations/main.py
+++ b/lmfdb/modl_galois_representations/main.py
@@ -356,12 +356,15 @@ def __init__(self):
         ("image_index", "image index", ["image_index", "dimension", "base_ring_order", "conductor", "num"]),
     ]
 
+
 def groupdata(group):
     parts = group.split('.')
     return [int(z) for z in parts]
 
+
 def groupformatter(group):
-  return abstract_group_display_knowl(group)
+    return abstract_group_display_knowl(group)
+
 
 class ModLGalRep_stats(StatsDisplay):
     def __init__(self):
diff --git a/lmfdb/modular_curves/web_curve.py b/lmfdb/modular_curves/web_curve.py
index 8c6f1b7613..5079a1a7a7 100644
--- a/lmfdb/modular_curves/web_curve.py
+++ b/lmfdb/modular_curves/web_curve.py
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ def formatted_model_html(self, m):
 
     def title_of_model(self, lines, nb_var, typ, smooth):
         if typ == 0:
-            title =  display_knowl('ag.canonical_model', 'Canonical model') +\
+            title = display_knowl('ag.canonical_model', 'Canonical model') +\
              r" in $\mathbb{P}^{ %d }$ " % (nb_var-1,)
             if len(lines) > eqn_threshold:
                 title += " defined by %d equations" % (len(lines) - 1,)