An audio time-stretching and pitch-shifting library and utility program.
Written by Chris Cannam, [email protected]. Published by Particular Programs Ltd t/a Breakfast Quay. Copyright 2007-2020 Particular Programs Ltd.
Rubber Band is a library and utility program that permits changing the tempo and pitch of an audio recording independently of one another.
See http://breakfastquay.com/rubberband/ for more information.
Rubber Band is distributed under the GNU General Public License. See the file COPYING for more information.
If you wish to distribute code using the Rubber Band Library under terms other than those of the GNU General Public License, you must obtain a commercial licence from us before doing so. In particular, you may not legally distribute through any Apple App Store unless you have a commercial licence. See http://breakfastquay.com/rubberband/ for licence terms.
If you have obtained a valid commercial licence, your licence supersedes this README and the enclosed COPYING file and you may redistribute and/or modify Rubber Band under the terms described in that licence. Please refer to your licence agreement for more details.
Rubber Band includes a .NET interface generously contributed by Jonathan Gilbert under a BSD-like licence. The files in the rubberband-dll and rubberband-sharp directories fall under this licence. If you make use of this interface, please ensure you comply with the terms of its licence.
Rubber Band may link with other libraries or be compiled with other source code, depending on its build configuration. It is your responsibility to ensure that you redistribute these only in accordance with their own licence terms, regardless of the conditions under which you are redistributing the Rubber Band code itself. The licences for some relevant library code are as follows, to the best of our knowledge. See also the end of this README for detailed terms.
- FFTW3 - GPL; proprietary licence needed for redistribution
- Intel IPP - Proprietary; licence needed for redistribution
- KissFFT - BSD-like
- libsamplerate - BSD-like from version 0.1.9 onwards
- libresample - LGPL
- Speex - BSD-like
- Pommier math functions - BSD-like
- Code components
- Using the Rubber Band command-line tool
- Using the Rubber Band Library
- Compiling Rubber Band a. FFT and resampler selection b. Other supported #defines c. Building on Linux d. Building on macOS e. Building for iOS f. Building on Windows with Visual C++ g. Building for Android and Java integration
- Copyright notes for bundled libraries
Rubber Band consists of:
-
The Rubber Band Library code. This is the code that will normally be used by your applications. The headers for this are in the rubberband/ directory, and the source code is in src/. The Rubber Band Library depends upon resampler and FFT code; see section 3a below for details.
-
The Rubber Band command-line tool. This is in main/main.cpp. This program uses the Rubber Band Library and also requires libsndfile (http://www.mega-nerd.com/libsndfile/, licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License) for audio file loading.
-
A pitch-shifter LADSPA audio effects plugin. This is in ladspa/. It requires the LADSPA SDK header ladspa.h (not included).
-
A Vamp audio analysis plugin which may be used to inspect the dynamic stretch ratios and other decisions taken by the Rubber Band Library when in use. This is in vamp/. It requires the Vamp plugin SDK (http://www.vamp-plugins.org/develop.html) (not included).
The Rubber Band command-line tool builds as bin/rubberband. The basic incantation is
$ rubberband -t -p <infile.wav> <outfile.wav>
For example,
$ rubberband -t 1.5 -p 2.0 test.wav output.wav
stretches the file test.wav to 50% longer than its original duration, shifts it up in pitch by one octave, and writes the output to output.wav.
Several further options are available: run "rubberband -h" for help. In particular, different types of music may benefit from different "crispness" options (-c flag with a numerical argument from 0 to 6).
The Rubber Band Library has a public API that consists of one C++
class, called RubberBandStretcher in the RubberBand namespace. You
should #include <rubberband/RubberBandStretcher.h> to use this
class. There is extensive documentation in the class header.
A header with C language bindings is also provided in
<rubberband/rubberband-c.h>. This is a wrapper around the C++
implementation, and as the implementation is the same, it also
requires linkage against the C++ standard libraries. It is not yet
documented separately from the C++ header. You should include only
one of the two headers, not both.
A .NET interface is also included, contributed by Jonathan Gilbert;
see the files in the rubberband-sharp/ directory for details.
The source code for the command-line utility (main/main.cpp)
provides a good example of how to use Rubber Band in offline mode; the
LADSPA pitch shifter plugin (ladspa/RubberBandPitchShifter.cpp) may
be used as an example of Rubber Band in real-time mode.
IMPORTANT: Please ensure you have read and understood the licensing terms for Rubber Band before using it in your application. This library is provided under the GNU General Public License, which means that any application that uses it must also be published under the GPL or a compatible licence (i.e. with its full source code also available for modification and redistribution) unless you have separately acquired a commercial licence from the author.
Rubber Band requires additional library code for FFT calculation and resampling. Several libraries are supported. The selection is controlled using preprocessor flags at compile time, as detailed in the tables below.
Flags that declare that you want to use an external library begin with
HAVE_; flags that select from the bundled options begin with USE_.
You must enable one resampler implementation and one FFT implementation. Do not enable more than one of either unless you know what you're doing.
If you are building this software using one of the bundled library
options (Speex or KissFFT), please be sure to review the terms for
those libraries in src/speex/COPYING and src/kissfft/COPYING as
applicable.
Name Flags required Notes
---- -------------- -----
FFTW3 -DHAVE_FFTW3 GPL.
Accelerate -DHAVE_VDSP Platform library on macOS and iOS.
Intel IPP -DHAVE_IPP Proprietary library, can only be used with
Rubber Band commercial licence. Define
USE_IPP_STATIC as well to build with static
IPP libraries.
KissFFT -DUSE_KISSFFT Bundled, can be distributed with either the
Rubber Band GPL or commercial licence.
Single-precision. Slower than the above
options.
Name Flags required Notes
---- -------------- -----
libsamplerate -DHAVE_LIBSAMPLERATE GPL until v0.1.8, BSD for v0.1.9 and later.
libresample -DHAVE_LIBRESAMPLE LGPL.
Speex -DUSE_SPEEX Bundled, can be distributed with either the
Rubber Band GPL or commercial licence.
Other symbols you may define at compile time are as follows. (Usually the supplied build files will handle these for you.)
-DLACK_BAD_ALLOC
Define on systems lacking std::bad_alloc in the C++ library.
-DLACK_POSIX_MEMALIGN
Define on systems lacking posix_memalign.
-DUSE_OWN_ALIGNED_MALLOC
Define on systems lacking any aligned malloc implementation.
-DLACK_SINCOS
Define on systems lacking sincos().
-DNO_EXCEPTIONS
Build without use of C++ exceptions.
-DNO_THREADING
Build without any multithread support.
-DUSE_PTHREADS
Use the pthreads library (required unless NO_THREADING or on Windows)
-DPROCESS_SAMPLE_TYPE=float
Select single precision for internal calculations. The default is
double precision. Consider using for mobile architectures with
slower double-precision support.
-DUSE_POMMIER_MATHFUN
Select the Julien Pommier implementations of trig functions for ARM
NEON or x86 SSE architectures. These are usually faster but may be
of lower precision than system implementations. Consider using this
for mobile architectures.
A GNU-style configure script is included for use on Linux and similar systems.
Run ./configure, then adjust the generated Makefile according to
your preference for FFT and resampler implementations. The default is
to use FFTW3 and libsamplerate.
The following Makefile targets are available:
static -- build static libraries only
dynamic -- build dynamic libraries only
library -- build static and dynamic libraries only
program -- build the command-line tool
vamp -- build Vamp plugin
ladspa -- build LADSPA plugin
all -- build everything.
The default target is "all".
A Makefile for macOS is provided as Makefile.osx.
Adjust the Makefile according to your preference for compiler and
platform SDK, FFT and resampler implementations. The default is to
use the Accelerate framework and the Speex resampler. Then run
e.g. make -f Makefile.osx library in a terminal window to build.
You will need the Xcode command-line tools installed.
(You probably don't want to use the configure script on macOS -- just
use Makefile.osx directly.)
The following Makefile targets are available:
static -- build static libraries only
dynamic -- build dynamic libraries only
library -- build static and dynamic libraries only
program -- build the command-line tool
vamp -- build Vamp plugin
ladspa -- build LADSPA plugin
all -- build everything.
The default target is to build the static and dynamic libraries and the command line tool. The sndfile library is required for the command line tool.
If you prefer to add the Rubber Band Library files to an existing
build project instead of using the Makefile, the files in src/
(except for RubberBandStretcherJNI.cpp) and the API headers in
rubberband/ should be all you need.
Note that you cannot legally distribute applications using Rubber Band in the Mac App Store, unless you have first obtained a commercial licence for the Rubber Band Library. GPL code is not permitted in the app store. See http://breakfastquay.com/technology/license.html for commercial terms.
A Makefile for iOS is provided as Makefile.ios. It produces a
single static library containing both simulator and device binaries,
in both 32- and 64-bit architectures.
Run e.g. make -f Makefile.ios in a terminal window to build. You
will need the Xcode command-line tools installed.
If you prefer to add the Rubber Band Library files to an existing
build project instead of using the Makefile, the files in src/
(except for RubberBandStretcherJNI.cpp) and the API headers in
rubberband/ should be all you need.
Note that you cannot legally distribute applications using Rubber Band in the iOS App Store, unless you have a first obtained a commercial licence for the Rubber Band Library. GPL code is not permitted in the app store. See http://breakfastquay.com/technology/license.html for commercial terms.
A Visual Studio solution, targeted to VC 2015, with two projects is
supplied. The rubberband-library project builds the Rubber Band
static libraries only. The rubberband-program project builds the
Rubber Band command-line tool (which requires the Rubber Band Library
and libsndfile).
You will need to adjust the project settings so as to set the compile flags according to your preference for FFT and resampler implementation, and set the include path and library path appropriately. The default is to use the bundled KissFFT and the Speex resampler.
If you prefer to add the Rubber Band Library files to an existing
build project instead of using the supplied one, the files in src/
(except for RubberBandStretcherJNI.cpp) and the API headers in
rubberband/ should be all you need.
An Android NDK build file is provided as Android.mk. This includes
compile definitions for a shared library built for ARM architectures
which can be loaded from a Java application using the Java native
interface (i.e. the Android NDK).
The Java side of the interface can be found in
com/breakfastquay/rubberband/RubberBandStretcher.java.
See https://hg.sr.ht/~breakfastquay/rubberband-android-simple-sample for a very trivial example of integration with Android Java code.
The supplied .mk file uses KissFFT and the Speex resampler.
[files in src/speex]
Copyright 2002-2007 Xiph.org Foundation
Copyright 2002-2007 Jean-Marc Valin
Copyright 2005-2007 Analog Devices Inc.
Copyright 2005-2007 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organisation (CSIRO)
Copyright 1993, 2002, 2006 David Rowe
Copyright 2003 EpicGames
Copyright 1992-1994 Jutta Degener, Carsten Bormann
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- Neither the name of the Xiph.org Foundation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR
CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
[files in src/kissfft]
Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Mark Borgerding
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
with the distribution.
* Neither the author nor the names of any contributors may be used
to endorse or promote products derived from this software
without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
[files in src/pommier]
Copyright (C) 2011 Julien Pommier
This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
arising from the use of this software.
Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
freely, subject to the following restrictions:
1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
appreciated but is not required.
2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
misrepresented as being the original software.
3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
[files in src/float_cast]
Copyright (C) 2001 Erik de Castro Lopo <erikd AT mega-nerd DOT com>
Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this file for any
purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that the above copyright
and this permission notice appear in all copies. No representations are
made about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It is
provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
[files in src/getopt, used by command-line tool on some platforms]
Copyright (c) 2000 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
All rights reserved.
This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
by Dieter Baron and Thomas Klausner.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
must display the following acknowledgement:
This product includes software developed by the NetBSD
Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
from this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
[files in rubberband-dll and rubberband-sharp]
Copyright 2018-2019 Jonathan Gilbert
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy,
modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR
ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
Except as contained in this notice, the name of Jonathan Gilbert
shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale,
use or other dealings in this Software without prior written
authorization.