remove some v0.13 deprecations

[CarloLucibello]

Remove v0.13 deprecations except for the old optimizers, which require more care and a separate PR.

This also

• fixes some CI problems (same as handle data movement with MLDataDevices.jl #2492)
• bumps minimum julia version to 1.10 (since it also needed for handle data movement with MLDataDevices.jl #2492)
• reintroduces CI on our minimum supported julia version, which somehow was missing.
• fix load_preference for non-CUDA backend that was broken in handle data movement with MLDataDevices.jl #2492

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 38.92%. Comparing base (b0c6653) to head (2cac684).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #2493      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   41.26%   38.92%   -2.35%     
==========================================
  Files          37       37              
  Lines        2118     2063      -55     
==========================================
- Hits          874      803      -71     
- Misses       1244     1260      +16     

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[CarloLucibello]

Docs CI error is not related to this PR and will be fixed in #2492.
This seems ready to go!

[ToucheSir]

Should we update https://github.com/FluxML/Flux.jl/blob/master/.buildkite/pipeline.yml too? Relatedly, should we modify https://github.com/FluxML/Flux.jl/blob/master/.github/workflows/nightly-ci.yml to test on pre instead of nightly?

[CarloLucibello]

I kept nightly since the pre is equivalent to 1.11 right now, but we can switch to pre when 1.12rc1 is out

[CarloLucibello]

ready to go!