You don't (may not) need Lodash/Underscore

Lodash and Underscore are great modern JavaScript utility libraries, and they are widely used by Front-end developers. However, when you are targeting modern browsers, you may find out that there are many methods which are already supported natively thanks to ECMAScript5 [ES5] and ECMAScript2015 [ES6]. If you want your project to require fewer dependencies, and you know your target browser clearly, then you may not need Lodash/Underscore.

You are welcome to contribute with more items provided below.

• If you are targeting legacy JavaScript engine with those ES5 methods, you can use es5-shim

• Please note that, the examples used below are just showing you the native alternative of performing certain tasks. For some of the functions, Lodash provides you more options than native built-ins. This list is not a 1:1 comparison.

• Please send a PR if you want to add or modify the code. No need to open an issue unless it's something big and you want to discuss.

Voice of Developers

Make use of native JavaScript object and array utilities before going big.

—Cody Lindley, Author of jQuery Cookbook and JavaScript Enlightenment

You probably don't need Lodash. Nice List of JavaScript methods which you can use natively.

—Daniel Lamb, Computer Scientist, Technical Reviewer of Secrets of the JavaScript Ninja and Functional Programming in JavaScript

I guess not, but I want it.

—Tero Parviainen, Author of build-your-own-angular

I'll admit, I've been guilty of overusing #lodash. Excellent resource.

—@therebelrobot, Maker of web things, Facilitator for Node.js/io.js

ESLint Plugin

If you're using ESLint, you can install a plugin that will help you identify places in your codebase where you don't (may not) need Lodash/Underscore.

Install the plugin...

npm install --save-dev eslint-plugin-you-dont-need-lodash-underscore

...then update your config

"extends" : ["plugin:you-dont-need-lodash-underscore/compatible"],

For more information, see Configuring the ESLint Plugin

Quick Links

Array

1. _.chunk
2. _.compact
3. _.concat
4. _.difference
5. _.drop
6. _.fill
7. _.find
8. _.findIndex
9. _.first
10. _.flatten
11. _.flattenDeep
12. _.fromPairs
13. _.head and _.tail
14. _.indexOf
15. _.intersection
16. _.isArray
17. _.isArrayBuffer
18. _.join
19. _.last
20. _.lastIndexOf
21. _.reverse
22. _.slice
23. _.without

Collection*

❗Important: Note that the native equivalents are array methods, and will not work with objects. If this functionality is needed, then Lodash/Underscore is the better option.

1. _.each
2. _.every
3. _.filter
4. _.groupBy
5. _.includes
6. _.keyBy
7. _.map
8. _.minBy and _.maxBy
9. _.orderBy
10. _.pluck
11. _.range
12. _.reduce
13. _.reduceRight
14. _.size
15. _.some
16. _.sortBy
17. _.uniq

Function

1. _.after
2. _.bind
3. _.partial

Lang

1. _.gt
2. _.gte
3. _.isEmpty
4. _.isFinite
5. _.isNaN
6. _.isNil
7. _.isNull
8. _.isUndefined

Object

1. _.assign
2. _.extend
3. _.get
4. _.keys
5. _.omit
6. _.pick
7. _.pickBy
8. _.toPairs
9. _.values

String

1. _.repeat
2. _.replace
3. _.split
4. _.startsWith
5. _.template
6. _.toLower
7. _.toUpper
8. _.trim

Util

1. _.times

Number

1. _.inRange

Array

_.chunk

Creates an array of elements split into groups the length of size.

// Underscore/Lodash
_.chunk(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], 2);
// => [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']]

_.chunk(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], 3);
// => [['a', 'b', 'c'], ['d']]


// Native

const chunk = (input, size) => {
  return input.reduce((arr, item, idx) => {
    return idx % size === 0
      ? [...arr, [item]]
      : [...arr.slice(0, -1), [...arr.slice(-1)[0], item]];
  }, []);
};

chunk(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], 2);
// => [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']]

chunk(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], 3);
// => [['a', 'b', 'c'], ['d']]

Browser Support for Spread in array literals

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_.compact

Creates an array with all falsy values removed.

// Underscore/Lodash
_.compact([0, 1, false, 2, '', 3]);

// Native
[0, 1, false, 2, '', 3].filter(Boolean)

Browser Support for array.prototype.filter

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_.concat

Creates a new array concatenating array with any additional arrays and/or values.

// Underscore/Lodash
var array = [1]
var other = _.concat(array, 2, [3], [[4]])

console.log(other)
// output: [1, 2, 3, [4]]

// Native
var array = [1]
var other = array.concat(2, [3], [[4]])

console.log(other)
// output: [1, 2, 3, [4]]

Browser Support for Array.prototype.concat()

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_.difference

Similar to without, but returns the values from array that are not present in the other arrays.

// Underscore/Lodash
console.log(_.difference([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [5, 2, 10]))
// output: [1, 3, 4]

// Native
var arrays = [[1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [5, 2, 10]];
console.log(array.reduce(function(a, b) {
  return a.filter(function(value) {
    return !b.includes(value);
  });
})));
// output: [1, 3, 4]

// ES6
let arrays = [[1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [5, 2, 10]];
console.log(arrays.reduce((a, b) => a.filter(c => !b.includes(c))));
// output: [1, 3, 4]

Browser Support for Array.prototype.reduce()

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_.drop

Creates a slice of array with n elements dropped from the beginning.

// Underscore/Lodash
_.drop([1, 2, 3]);
// => [2, 3]

_.drop([1, 2, 3], 2);
// => [3]

// Native
[1, 2, 3].slice(1);
// => [2, 3]

[1, 2, 3].slice(2);
// => [3]

Browser Support for Array.prototype.slice()

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_.fill

Fills elements of array with value from start up to, but not including, end. Note that fill is a mutable method in both native and Lodash/Underscore.

// Underscore/Lodash
var array = [1, 2, 3]

_.fill(array, 'a')

console.log(array)
// output: ['a', 'a', 'a']

_.fill(Array(3), 2)
// output: [2, 2, 2]

_.fill([4, 6, 8, 10], '*', 1, 3)
// output: [4, '*', '*', 10]

// Native
var array = [1, 2, 3]

array.fill('a')

console.log(array)
// output: ['a', 'a', 'a']

Array(3).fill(2)
// output: [2, 2, 2]

[4, 6, 8, 10].fill('*', 1, 3)
// output: [4, '*', '*', 10]

Browser Support for Array.prototype.fill()

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_.find

Returns the value of the first element in the array that satisfies the provided testing function. Otherwise undefined is returned.

// Underscore/Lodash
var users = [
  { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36, 'active': true },
  { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40, 'active': false },
  { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1,  'active': true }
]

_.find(users, function (o) { return o.age < 40; })
// output: object for 'barney'

// Native
var users = [
  { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36, 'active': true },
  { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40, 'active': false },
  { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1,  'active': true }
]

users.find(function (o) { return o.age < 40; })
// output: object for 'barney'

Browser Support for Array.prototype.find()

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_.findIndex

Returns the index of the first element in the array that satisfies the provided testing function. Otherwise -1 is returned.

// Underscore/Lodash
var users = [
  { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36, 'active': true },
  { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40, 'active': false },
  { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1,  'active': true }
]

var index = _.findIndex(users, function (o) { return o.age >= 40; })
console.log(index)
// output: 1

// Native
var users = [
  { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36, 'active': true },
  { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40, 'active': false },
  { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1,  'active': true }
]

var index = users.findIndex(function (o) { return o.age >= 40; })
console.log(index)
// output: 1

Browser Support for Array.prototype.findIndex()

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_.first

Returns the first element of an array. Passing n will return the first n elements of the array.

// Underscore/Lodash
_.first([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
// => 1

_.first([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 2);
// => [1, 2]

// Native
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5][0];
// => 1
//or
[].concat(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).shift()
// => 1
//or
[].concat([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]).shift()
// => 1

// Native (works even with potentially undefined/null, like _.first)
[].concat(undefined).shift()
// => undefined

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5].slice(0, 2);
// => [1, 2]

Browser Support for Array.prototype.slice()

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_.flatten

Flattens array a single level deep.

// Underscore/Lodash
_.flatten([1, [2, [3, [4]], 5]]);
// => [1, 2, [3, [4]], 5]

// Native
const flatten = [1, [2, [3, [4]], 5]].reduce( (a, b) => a.concat(b), [])
// => [1, 2, [3, [4]], 5]

// Native(ES2019)
const flatten = [1, [2, [3, [4]], 5]].flat()
// => [1, 2, [3, [4]], 5]

Browser Support for Array.prototype.reduce()

46.0 ✔	✔	3.0 ✔	9.0 ✔	10.5 ✔	4 ✔

Browser Support for Array.prototype.flat()

69 ✔	✖	62 ✔	✖	56 ✔	12 ✔

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_.flattenDeep

Recursively flattens array.

// Underscore/Lodash
_.flattenDeep([1, [2, [3, [4]], 5]]);
// => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

// Native
const flattenDeep = (arr) => Array.isArray(arr)
  ? arr.reduce( (a, b) => a.concat(flattenDeep(b)) , [])
  : [arr]

flattenDeep([1, [[2], [3, [4]], 5]])
// => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

// Native(ES2019)
[1, [2, [3, [4]], 5]].flat(Infinity)
// => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Browser Support

46.0 ✔	✔	16.0 ✔	✖	37.0 ✔	7.1 ✔

Browser Support for Array.prototype.flat()

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_.fromPairs

Returns an object composed from key-value pairs.

// Underscore/Lodash
_.fromPairs([['a', 1], ['b', 2]]);
// => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }

// Native
const fromPairs = function(arr) {
  return arr.reduce(function(accumulator, value) {
    accumulator[value[0]] = value[1];
    return accumulator;
  }, {})
}

// Compact form
const fromPairs = (arr) => arr.reduce((acc, val) => (acc[val[0]] = val[1], acc), {})

fromPairs([['a', 1], ['b', 2]]);
// => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }

Browser Support for Array.prototype.reduce()

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_.head and _.tail

Gets the first element or all but the first element.

const array = [1, 2, 3]

// Underscore: _.first, _.head, _.take
// Lodash: _.first, _.head
_.head(array)
// output: 1

// Underscore: _.rest, _.tail, _.drop
// Lodash: _.tail
_.tail(array)
// output: [2, 3]


// Native
const [ head, ...tail ] = array
console.log(head)
// output: 1
console.log(tail)
// output [2, 3]

Browser Support for Spread in array literals

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_.indexOf

Returns the first index at which a given element can be found in the array, or -1 if it is not present.

// Underscore/Lodash
var array = [2, 9, 9]
var result = _.indexOf(array, 2)
console.log(result)
// output: 0

// Native
var array = [2, 9, 9]
var result = array.indexOf(2)
console.log(result)
// output: 0

Browser Support for Array.prototype.indexOf()

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_.intersection

Returns an array that is the intersection of all the arrays. Each value in the result is present in each of the arrays.

// Underscore/Lodash
console.log(_.intersection([1, 2, 3], [101, 2, 1, 10], [2, 1]))
// output: [1, 2]

// Native
var arrays = [[1, 2, 3], [101, 2, 1, 10], [2, 1]];
console.log(array.reduce(function(a, b) {
  return a.filter(function(value) {
    return b.includes(value);
  });
})));
// output: [1, 2]

// ES6
let arrays = [[1, 2, 3], [101, 2, 1, 10], [2, 1]];
console.log(arrays.reduce((a, b) => a.filter(c => b.includes(c))));
// output: [1, 2]

Browser Support for Array.prototype.reduce()

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_.takeRight

Creates a slice of array with n elements taken from the end. :heavy_exclamation_mark: Native slice does not behave entirely the same as the Lodash method. See example below to understand why.

// Underscore/Lodash
_.takeRight([1, 2, 3]);
// => [3]

_.takeRight([1, 2, 3], 2);
// => [2, 3]

_.takeRight([1, 2, 3], 5);
// => [1, 2, 3]

// Native
[1, 2, 3].slice(-1);
// => [3]

[1, 2, 3].slice(-2);
// => [2, 3]

[1, 2, 3].slice(-5);
// => [1, 2, 3]

// Difference in compatibility

// Lodash
_.takeRight([1, 2, 3], 0);
// => []

// Native
[1, 2, 3].slice(0);
// => [1, 2, 3]

Browser Support for Array.prototype.slice()

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_.isArray

Returns true if given value is an array.

// Lodash
var array = []
console.log(_.isArray(array))
// output: true

// Native
var array = []
console.log(Array.isArray(array));
// output: true

Browser Support for Array.isArray()

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_.isArrayBuffer

Checks if value is classified as an ArrayBuffer object.

// Lodash
_.isArrayBuffer(new ArrayBuffer(2));
// output: true

// Native
console.log(new ArrayBuffer(2) instanceof ArrayBuffer);
// output: true

Browser Support for instanceof

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_.join

❗Lodash only Joins a list of elements in an array with a given separator.

// Lodash
var result = _.join(['one', 'two', 'three'], '--')
console.log(result)
// output: 'one--two--three'

// Native
var result = ['one', 'two', 'three'].join('--')
console.log(result)
// output: 'one--two--three'

Browser Support for Array.prototype.join()

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_.last

Returns the last element of an array. Passing n will return the last n elements of the array.

// Underscore/Lodash
const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
_.last(numbers);
// => 5

_.last(numbers, 2);
// => [4, 5]

// Native
const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
numbers[numbers.length - 1];
// => 5
//or
numbers.slice(-1)[0];
// => 5
//or
[].concat(numbers).pop()
// => 5

// Native (works even with potentially undefined/null)
[].concat(undefined).pop()
// => undefined

numbers.slice(-2);
// => [4, 5]

Browser Support for Array.prototype.concat()

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_.lastIndexOf

Returns the index of the last occurrence of value in the array, or -1 if value is not present.

// Underscore/Lodash
var array = [2, 9, 9, 4, 3, 6]
var result = _.lastIndexOf(array, 9)
console.log(result)
// output: 2

// Native
var array = [2, 9, 9, 4, 3, 6]
var result = array.lastIndexOf(9)
console.log(result)
// output: 2

Browser Support for Array.prototype.lastIndexOf()

✔	✔	1.5 ✔	9.0 ✔	✔	✔

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_.reverse

❗Lodash only Reverses array so that the first element becomes the last, the second element becomes the second to last, and so on.

// Lodash
var array = [1, 2, 3]
console.log(_.reverse(array))
// output: [3, 2, 1]

// Native
var array = [1, 2, 3]
console.log(array.reverse())
// output: [3, 2, 1]

Voice from the Lodash author:

Lodash's _.reverse just calls Array#reverse and enables composition like _.map(arrays, _.reverse). It's exposed on _ because previously, like Underscore, it was only exposed in the chaining syntax. --- jdalton

Browser Support for Array.prototype.reverse()

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_.slice

Returns a shallow copy of a portion of an array into a new array object selected from begin to end (end not included)

// Lodash
var array = [1, 2, 3, 4]
console.log(_.slice(array, 1, 3))
// output: [2, 3]

// Native
var array = [1, 2, 3, 4]
console.log(array.slice(1, 3));
// output: [2, 3]

Browser Support for Array.prototype.slice()

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_.without

❗Lodash only Returns an array where matching items are filtered.

// Lodash
var array = [1, 2, 3]
console.log(_.without(array, 2))
// output: [1, 3]

// Native
var array = [1, 2, 3]
console.log(array.filter(function(value) {
  return value !== 2;
}));
// output: [1, 3]

Browser Support for Array.prototype.filter()

1.0 ✔	✔	1.5 ✔	9 ✔	✔	✔

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Collection*

❗Important: Note that the native equivalents are array methods, and will not work with objects. If this functionality is needed, then Lodash/Underscore is the better option.

_.each

Iterates over a list of elements, yielding each in turn to an iteratee function.

// Underscore/Lodash
_.each([1, 2, 3], function (value, index) {
  console.log(value)
})
// output: 1 2 3

// Native
[1, 2, 3].forEach(function (value, index) {
  console.log(value)
})
// output: 1 2 3

Browser Support for Array.prototype.forEach()

✔	✔	1.5 ✔	9.0 ✔	✔	✔

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_.every

Tests whether all elements in the array pass the test implemented by the provided function.

// Underscore/Lodash
function isLargerThanTen (element, index, array) {
  return element >= 10
}
var array = [10, 20, 30]
var result = _.every(array, isLargerThanTen)
console.log(result)
// output: true

// Native
function isLargerThanTen (element, index, array) {
  return element >= 10
}

var array = [10, 20, 30]
var result = array.every(isLargerThanTen)
console.log(result)
// output: true

Browser Support fpr Array.prototype.every()

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_.filter

Creates a new array with all elements that pass the test implemented by the provided function.

// Underscore/Lodash
function isBigEnough (value) {
  return value >= 10
}
var array = [12, 5, 8, 130, 44]
var filtered = _.filter(array, isBigEnough)
console.log(filtered)
// output: [12, 130, 44]

// Native
function isBigEnough (value) {
  return value >= 10
}
var array = [12, 5, 8, 130, 44]
var filtered = array.filter(isBigEnough)
console.log(filtered)
// output: [12, 130, 44]

Browser Support for Array.prototype.filter()

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_.groupBy

Group items by key.

// Underscore/Lodash
var grouped = _.groupBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length')
console.log(grouped)
// output: {3: ["one", "two"], 5: ["three"]}

// Native
var grouped = ['one', 'two', 'three'].reduce((r, v, i, a, k = v.length) => ((r[k] || (r[k] = [])).push(v), r), {})
console.log(grouped)
// output: {3: ["one", "two"], 5: ["three"]}

// Underscore/Lodash
var grouped = _.groupBy([1.3, 2.1, 2.4], num => Math.floor(num))
console.log(grouped)
// output: {1: [1.3], 2: [2.1, 2.4]}

// Native
var grouped = [1.3, 2.1, 2.4].reduce((r, v, i, a, k = Math.floor(v)) => ((r[k] || (r[k] = [])).push(v), r), {})
console.log(grouped)
// output: {1: [1.3], 2: [2.1, 2.4]}

Browser Support for Array.prototype.reduce()

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_.includes

Checks if a value is in collection.

var array = [1, 2, 3]
// Underscore/Lodash - also called _.contains
_.includes(array, 1)
// output: true

// Native
var array = [1, 2, 3]
array.includes(1)
// output: true

// Native (does not use same value zero)
var array = [1, 2, 3]
array.indexOf(1) > -1
// output: true

Browser Support for Array.prototype.includes

47.0 ✔	14.0 ✔	43.0 ✔	✖	34.0 ✔	9.0 ✔

Browser Support for Array.prototype.indexOf

✔	✔	1.5 ✔	9.0 ✔	✔	✔

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_.keyBy

❗ Lodash only Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running each element of collection thru iteratee.

// Lodash
console.log(_.keyBy(['a', 'b', 'c']))
// output: { a: 'a', b: 'b', c: 'c' }
console.log(_.keyBy([{ id: 'a1', title: 'abc' }, { id: 'b2', title: 'def' }], 'id')
// output: { a1: { id: 'a1', title: 'abc' }, b2: { id: 'b2', title: 'def' } }
console.log(_.keyBy({ data: { id: 'a1', title: 'abc' }}, 'id')
// output: { a1: { id: 'a1', title: 'abc' }}

// keyBy for array only
const keyBy = (array, key) => (array || []).reduce((r, x) => ({ ...r, [key ? x[key] : x]: x }), {});

// Native
console.log(keyBy(['a', 'b', 'c']))
// output: { a: 'a', b: 'b', c: 'c' }
console.log(keyBy([{ id: 'a1', title: 'abc' }, { id: 'b2', title: 'def' }], 'id')
// output: { a1: { id: 'a1', title: 'abc' }, b2: { id: 'b2', title: 'def' } }
console.log(keyBy(Object.values({ data: { id: 'a1', title: 'abc' }}), 'id')
// output: { a1: { id: 'a1', title: 'abc' }}

// keyBy for array and object
const collectionKeyBy = (collection, key) => { 
  const c = collection || {};
  return c.isArray() ? keyBy(c, key) : Object.values(keyBy(c, key));
}

Browser Support for Array.prototype.reduce()

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_.map

Translates all items in an array or object to new array of items.

// Underscore/Lodash
var array1 = [1, 2, 3]
var array2 = _.map(array1, function (value, index) {
  return value * 2
})
console.log(array2)
// output: [2, 4, 6]

// Native
var array1 = [1, 2, 3]
var array2 = array1.map(function (value, index) {
  return value * 2
})
console.log(array2)
// output: [2, 4, 6]

Browser Support for Array.prototype.map()

✔	✔	1.5 ✔	9.0 ✔	✔	✔

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_.minBy and _.maxBy

Use Array#reduce for find the maximum or minimum collection item

// Underscore/Lodash
var data = [{ value: 6 }, { value: 2 }, { value: 4 }]
var minItem = _.minBy(data, 'value')
var maxItem = _.maxBy(data, 'value')
console.log(minItem, maxItem)
// output: { value: 2 } { value: 6 }

// Native
var data = [{ value: 6 }, { value: 2 }, { value: 4 }]
var minItem = data.reduce(function(a, b) { return a.value <= b.value ? a : b }, {})
var maxItem = data.reduce(function(a, b) { return a.value >= b.value ? a : b }, {})
console.log(minItem, maxItem)
// output: { value: 2 }, { value: 6 }

Extract a functor and use es2015 for better code

// utils
const makeSelect = (comparator) => (a, b) => comparator(a, b) ? a : b
const minByValue = makeSelect((a, b) => a.value <= b.value)
const maxByValue = makeSelect((a, b) => a.value >= b.value)

// main logic
const data = [{ value: 6 }, { value: 2 }, { value: 4 }]
const minItem = data.reduce(minByValue, {})
const maxItem = data.reduce(maxByValue, {})

console.log(minItem, maxItem)
// output: { value: 2 }, { value: 6 }

// or also more universal and little slower variant of minBy
const minBy = (collection, key) => {
  // slower because need to create a lambda function for each call...
  const select = (a, b) => a[key] <= b[key] ? a : b
  return collection.reduce(select, {})
}

console.log(minBy(data, 'value'))
// output: { value: 2 }

Browser Support for Array.prototype.reduce()

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_.pluck

array.map or _.map can also be used to replace _.pluck. Lodash v4.0 removed _.pluck in favor of _.map with iteratee shorthand. Details can be found in Changelog

// Underscore/Lodash
var array1 = [{name: "Alice"}, {name: "Bob"}, {name: "Jeremy"}]
var names = _.pluck(array1, "name")
console.log(names)
// output: ["Alice", "Bob", "Jeremy"]

// Native
var array1 = [{name: "Alice"}, {name: "Bob"}, {name: "Jeremy"}]
var names = array1.map(function(x){
  return x.name
})
console.log(names)
// output: ["Alice", "Bob", "Jeremy"]

Browser Support for Array.prototype.map()

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_.reduce

Applies a function against an accumulator and each value of the array (from left-to-right) to reduce it to a single value.

// Underscore/Lodash
var array = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
var result = _.reduce(array, function (previousValue, currentValue, currentIndex, array) {
  return previousValue + currentValue
})
console.log(result)
// output: 10

// Native
var array = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
var result = array.reduce(function (previousValue, currentValue, currentIndex, array) {
  return previousValue + currentValue
})
console.log(result)
// output: 10

Browser Support for Array.prototype.reduce()

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_.range

Creates an array of numbers progressing from start up to.

// Underscore/Lodash
_.range(4)  // output: [0, 1, 2, 3]
_.range(-4) // output: [0, -1, -2, -3]
_.range(1, 5)     // output: [1, 2, 3, 4]
_.range(0, 20, 5) // output: [0, 5, 10, 15]

// Native ( solution with Array.from )
Array.from({length: 4}, (_, i) => i)  // output: [0, 1, 2, 3]
Array.from({length: 4}, (_, i) => -i) // output: [-0, -1, -2, -3]
Array.from({length: 4}, (_, i) => i + 1) // output: [1, 2, 3, 4]
Array.from({length: 4}, (_, i) => i * 5) // output: [0, 5, 10, 15]

// Native ( solution with keys() and spread )
[...Array(4).keys()]  // output: [0, 1, 2, 3]
[...Array(4).keys()].map(k => -k) // output: [-0, -1, -2, -3]
[...Array(4).keys()].map(k => k + 1)  // output: [1, 2, 3, 4]
[...Array(4).keys()].map(k => k * 5)  // output: [0, 5, 10, 15]

Browser Support for Array.from()

45.0 ✔	✔	32.0 ✔	✖	✔	9.0 ✔

Browser Support for keys and spread in Array literals

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_.reduceRight

This method is like _.reduce except that it iterates over elements of collection from right to left.

// Underscore/Lodash
var array = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
var result = _.reduceRight(array, function (previousValue, currentValue, currentIndex, array) {
  return previousValue - currentValue
})
console.log(result)
// output: -2

// Native
var array = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
var result = array.reduceRight(function (previousValue, currentValue, currentIndex, array) {
  return previousValue - currentValue
})
console.log(result)
// output: -2

Browser Support for Array.prototype.reduceRight()

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_.sample

Gets a random element from array.

// Underscore/Lodash
const array = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
const result = _.sample(array)
console.log(result)
// output: 2

// Native
const array = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
const sample = arr => {
  const len = arr == null ? 0 : arr.length
  return len ? arr[Math.floor(Math.random() * len)] : undefined
}

const result = sample(array)
console.log(result)
// output: 2

Browser Support for Array.prototype.length() and Math.random()

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_.size

Returns the number of values in the collection.

// Underscore/Lodash
var result = _.size({one: 1, two: 2, three: 3})
console.log(result)
// output: 3

// Native
var result2 = Object.keys({one: 1, two: 2, three: 3}).length
console.log(result2)
// output: 3

Browser Support for Object.keys()

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_.some

Tests whether any of the elements in the array pass the test implemented by the provided function.

// Underscore/Lodash
function isLargerThanTen (element, index, array) {
  return element >= 10
}
var array = [10, 9, 8]
var result = _.some(array, isLargerThanTen)
console.log(result)
// output: true

// Native
function isLargerThanTen (element, index, array) {
  return element >= 10
}

var array = [10, 9, 8]
var result = array.some(isLargerThanTen)
console.log(result)
// output: true

Browser Support for Array.prototype.some()

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_.sortBy and _.orderBy

Sorts an array of object based on an object key provided by a parameter (note this is more limited than Underscore/Lodash).

const fruits = [
  {name:"banana", amount: 2},
  {name:"apple", amount: 4},
  {name:"pineapple", amount: 2},
  {name:"mango", amount: 1}
];

// Underscore
_.sortBy(fruits, 'name');
// => [{name:"apple", amount: 4}, {name:"banana", amount: 2}, {name:"mango", amount: 1}, {name:"pineapple", amount: 2}]

// Lodash
_.orderBy(fruits, ['name'],['asc']);
// => [{name:"apple", amount: 4}, {name:"banana", amount: 2}, {name:"mango", amount: 1}, {name:"pineapple", amount: 2}]

// Native
const sortBy = (key) => {
  return (a, b) => (a[key] > b[key]) ? 1 : ((b[key] > a[key]) ? -1 : 0);
};

// The native sort modifies the array in place. `_.orderBy` and `_.sortBy` do not, so we use `.concat()` to
// copy the array, then sort.
fruits.concat().sort(sortBy("name"));
// => [{name:"apple", amount: 4}, {name:"banana", amount: 2}, {name:"mango", amount: 1}, {name:"pineapple", amount: 2}]

Browser Support for Array.prototype.concat() and Array.prototype.sort()

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_.uniq

Produces a duplicate-free version of the array, using === to test object equality.

// Underscore/Lodash
var array = [1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 3]
var result = _.uniq(array)
console.log(result)
// output: [1, 2, 4, 3]

// Native
var array = [1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 3];
var result = [...new Set(array)];
console.log(result)
// output: [1, 2, 4, 3]

Browser Support for Spread in array literals

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Function

_.after

❗Note this is an alternative implementation Creates a version of the function that will only be run after first being called count times. Useful for grouping asynchronous responses, where you want to be sure that all the async calls have finished, before proceeding.

var notes = ['profile', 'settings']
// Underscore/Lodash
var renderNotes = _.after(notes.length, render)
notes.forEach(function (note) {
  console.log(note)
  renderNotes()
})

// Native
notes.forEach(function (note, index) {
  console.log(note)
  if (notes.length === (index + 1)) {
    render()
  }
})

Browser Support for Array.prototype.forEach()

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_.bind

Create a new function that calls func with thisArg and args.

var objA = {
  x: 66,
  offsetX: function(offset) {
    return this.x + offset;
  }
}

var objB = {
  x: 67
};

// Underscore/Lodash
var boundOffsetX = _.bind(objA.offsetX, objB, 0);

// Native
var boundOffsetX = objA.offsetX.bind(objB, 0);

Browser Support for Function.prototype.bind()

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_.partial

Create a new function that calls func with args.

// Lodash
function greet(greeting, name) {
  return greeting + ' ' + name;
}
var sayHelloTo = _.partial(greet, 'Hello');
var result = sayHelloTo('Jose')
console.log(result)
// output: 'Hello Jose'

// Native
function greet(greeting, name) {
  return greeting + ' ' + name;
}
var sayHelloTo = (...args) => greet('Hello', ...args)
var result = sayHelloTo('Jose')
console.log(result)
// output: 'Hello Jose'

Browser Support for Spread

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Lang

_.gt

Checks if value is greater than other.

// Lodash
console.log(_.gt(3, 1))
// output: true

// Native
console.log(3 > 1);
// output: true

Browser Support

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_.gte

Checks if value is greater than or equal to other.

// Lodash
console.log(_.gte(3, 1))
// output: true

// Native
console.log(3 >= 1);
// output: true

Browser Support

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_.isEmpty

Checks if value is an empty object or collection. :heavy_exclamation_mark:Note this is not evaluating a Set or a Map

// Lodash
console.log(_.isEmpty(null)
// output: true
console.log(_.isEmpty('')
// output: true
console.log(_.isEmpty({})
// output: true
console.log(_.isEmpty([])
// output: true
console.log(_.isEmpty({a: '1'})
// output: false

// Native
const isEmpty = obj => [Object, Array].includes((obj || {}).constructor) && !Object.entries((obj || {})).length;

console.log(isEmpty(null)
// output: true
console.log(isEmpty('')
// output: true
console.log(isEmpty({})
// output: true
console.log(isEmpty([])
// output: true
console.log(isEmpty({a: '1'})
// output: false

Browser Support for Array.prototype.includes()

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_.isFinite

Converts value to a finite number.

// Lodash
console.log(_.isFinite('3'))
// output: false
console.log(_.isFinite(3))
// output: true

// Native
console.log(Number.isFinite('3'))
// output: false
console.log(Number.isFinite(3))
// output: true

Browser Support for Number.isFinite()

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_.isNaN

Checks if a value is NaN.

// Underscore/Lodash
console.log(_.isNaN(NaN))
// output: true

// Native
console.log(isNaN(NaN))
// output: true

// ES6
console.log(Number.isNaN(NaN))
// output: true

MDN:

In comparison to the global isNaN() function, Number.isNaN() doesn't suffer the problem of forcefully converting the parameter to a number. This means it is now safe to pass values that would normally convert to NaN, but aren't actually the same value as NaN. This also means that only values of the type number, that are also NaN, return true. Number.isNaN()

Voice from the Lodash author:

Lodash's _.isNaN is equiv to ES6 Number.isNaN which is different than the global isNaN. --- jdalton

Browser Support for isNaN

✔	✔	1.0 ✔	✔	✔	✔

Browser Support for Number.isNaN

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_.isNil

❗Lodash only Checks if value is null or undefined.

// Lodash
console.log(_.isNil(null))
// output: true
console.log(_.isNil(NaN))
// output: false
console.log(_.isNil(undefined))
// output: true

// Native
console.log(null == null);
// output: true
console.log(NaN == null);
// output: false
console.log(undefined == null)
// output: true

Browser Support

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_.isNull

Checks if value is null or undefined.

// Underscore/Lodash
console.log(_.isNull(null))
// output: true
console.log(_.isNull(void 0))
// output: false

// Native
console.log(null === null);
// output: true
console.log(void 0 === null);
// output: false

Browser Support

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_.isUndefined

Checks if value is undefined.

// Underscore/Lodash
console.log(_.isUndefined(a))
// output: true

// Native
console.log(typeof a === 'undefined');
// output: true
console.log(a === undefined);
// output: true

Browser Support

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Object

_.assign

The method is used to copy the values of all enumerable own properties from one or more source objects to a target object.

// Underscore: _.extendOwn
// Lodash
function Foo() {
  this.c = 3;
}
function Bar() {
  this.e = 5;
}
Foo.prototype.d = 4;
Bar.prototype.f = 6;
var result = _.assign(new Foo, new Bar);
console.log(result);
// output: { 'c': 3, 'e': 5 }

// Native
function Foo() {
  this.c = 3;
}
function Bar() {
  this.e = 5;
}
Foo.prototype.d = 4;
Bar.prototype.f = 6;
var result = Object.assign({}, new Foo, new Bar);
console.log(result);
// output: { 'c': 3, 'e': 5 }

Browser Support for Object.assign()

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_.extend

The method is used to copy the values of all enumerable own and inherited properties from one or more source objects to a target object.

// Underscore
// Lodash: _.assignIn
function Foo() {
  this.c = 3;
}
function Bar() {
  this.e = 5;
}
Foo.prototype.d = 4;
Bar.prototype.f = 6;
var result = _.extend({}, new Foo, new Bar);
console.log(result);
// output: { 'c': 3, 'd': 4, 'e': 5, 'f': 6 }

// Native
function Foo() {
  this.c = 3;
}
function Bar() {
  this.e = 5;
}
Foo.prototype.d = 4;
Bar.prototype.f = 6;
var result = Object.assign({}, new Foo, Foo.prototype, new Bar, Bar.prototype);
console.log(result);
// output: { 'c': 3, 'd': 4, 'e': 5, 'f': 6 }

//Or using a function
const extend = (target, ...sources) => {
  let source = [];
  sources.forEach(src => {
    source = source.concat([src, Object.getPrototypeOf(src)])
  })
  return Object.assign(target, ...source)
};
console.log(extend({}, new Foo, new Bar));
// output: { 'c': 3, 'd': 4, 'e': 5, 'f': 6 }

Browser Support for Object.assign()

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_.get

Gets the value at path of object. Note: If provided path does not exists inside the object js will generate error.

// Lodash
var object = { a: [{ b: { c: 3 } }] };
var result = _.get(object, 'a[0].b.c', 1);
console.log(result);
// output: 3

// Native (ES6 - IE not supported)
var object = { a: [{ b: { c: 3 } }] };
var { a: [{ b: { c: result2 = 1 } }] } = object;
console.log(result2);
// output: 3

// Native
const get = (obj, path, defaultValue = null) =>
  String.prototype.split.call(path, /[,[\].]+?/)
    .filter(Boolean)
    .reduce((a, c) => (Object.hasOwnProperty.call(a,c) ? a[c] : defaultValue), obj)

var object = { a: [{ b: { c: 3 } }] };
var result = get(object, 'a[0].b.c', 1); 
// output: 3

Browser Support for Object destructing

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_.keys

Retrieves all the names of the object's own enumerable properties.

// Underscore/Lodash
var result = _.keys({one: 1, two: 2, three: 3})
console.log(result)
// output: ["one", "two", "three"]

// Native
var result2 = Object.keys({one: 1, two: 2, three: 3})
console.log(result2)
// output: ["one", "two", "three"]

Browser Support for Object.keys()

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_.omit

Returns a copy of the object, filtered to omit the keys specified.

var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': '2', 'c': 3 };

// Underscore/Lodash
var result = _.omit(object, ['a', 'c']);
console.log(result)
// output: { 'b': '2' }

// Native
var { a, c, ...result2 } = object;
console.log(result2)
// output: { 'b': '2' }

Browser Support for Spread in object literals

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_.pick

Creates an object composed of the object properties predicate returns truthy for.

var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': '2', 'c': 3 };

// Underscore/Lodash
var result = _.pick(object, ['a', 'c']);
console.log(result)
// output: {a: 1, c: 3}

// Native
const { a, c } = object;
const result = { a, c};
console.log(result);
// output: {a: 1, c: 3}
// for an array of this object --> array.map(({a, c}) => ({a, c}));

// Native
function pick(object, keys) {
  return keys.reduce((obj, key) => {
     if (object[key]) {
        obj[key] = object[key];
     }
     return obj;
   }, {});
}
var result = pick(object, ['a', 'c']);
console.log(result)
// output: {a: 1, c: 3}

Browser Support

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_.pickBy

Creates an object composed of the object properties predicate returns truthy for.

var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': null, 'c': 3, 'd': false, 'e': undefined };

// Underscore/Lodash
var result = _.pickBy(object);
console.log(result)
// output: {a: 1, c: 3}

// Native
function pickBy(object) {
    const obj = {};
    for (const key in object) {
        if (object[key] !== null && object[key] !== false && object[key] !== undefined) {
            obj[key] = object[key];
        }
    }
    return obj;
} 
var result = pickBy(object);
console.log(result)
// output: {a: 1, c: 3}

Browser Support

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_.toPairs

Retrieves all the given object's own enumerable property [ key, value ] pairs.

// Underscore - also called _.pairs
// Lodash - also called _.entries
var result = _.toPairs({one: 1, two: 2, three: 3})
console.log(result)
// output: [["one", 1], ["two", 2], ["three", 3]]

// Native
var result2 = Object.entries({one: 1, two: 2, three: 3})
console.log(result2)
// output: [["one", 1], ["two", 2], ["three", 3]]

Browser Support for Object.entries()

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_.values

Retrieves all the given object's own enumerable property values.

// Underscore/Lodash
var result = _.values({one: 1, two: 2, three: 3})
console.log(result)
// output: [1, 2, 3]

// Native
var result2 = Object.values({one: 1, two: 2, three: 3})
console.log(result2)
// output: [1, 2, 3]

Browser Support for Object.values()

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String

_.startsWith

❗Lodash only Checks if string starts with the given target string.

// Lodash
var result = _.startsWith('abc', 'b', 1)
console.log(result)
// output: true

// Native
var result = 'abc'.startsWith('b', 1)
console.log(result)
// output: true

Browser Support for String.prototype.startsWith()

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_.repeat

❗Lodash only Repeats the given string n times.

// Lodash
var result = _.repeat('abc', 2)
console.log(result)
// output: 'abcabc'

// Native
var result = 'abc'.repeat(2)
console.log(result)
// output: 'abcabc'

Browser Support for String.prototype.repeat()

41.0 ✔	✔	24.0 ✔	✖	28.0 ✔	9.0 ✔

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_.replace

returns a new string with some or all matches of a pattern replaced by a replacement

// Lodash
var re = /apples/gi;
var str = 'Apples are round, and apples are juicy.';
var newstr = _.replace(str, re, 'oranges');
console.log(newstr);
// output: 'oranges are round, and oranges are juicy.'

// Native
var re = /apples/gi;
var str = 'Apples are round, and apples are juicy.';
var result = str.replace(re, 'oranges');
console.log(result);
// output: 'oranges are round, and oranges are juicy.'

Browser Support for String.prototype.replace()

✔	✔	1.0 ✔	✔	✔	✔

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_.split

❗Lodash only Splits string by separator.

// Lodash
var result = _.split('a-b-c', '-', 2)
  console.log(result)
// output: ['a','b']

// Native
var result = 'a-b-c'.split('-', 2)
console.log(result)
// output: ['a','b']

Browser Support for String.prototype.split()

✔	✔	1.0 ✔	✔	✔	✔

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_.template

❗ Note this is an alternative implementation. Native template literals not escape html.

Create a template function.

// Lodash/Underscore
const compiled = _.template('hello <%= user %>!');
var result = compiled({ 'user': 'fred' });
console.log(result);
// output: 'hello fred'

// Native
const templateLiteral = (value) => `hello ${value.user}`;
var result = templateLiteral({ 'user': 'fred' });
console.log(result);
// output: 'hello fred'

Browser Support for String (template) literals

41.0 ✔	12.0 ✔	34.0 ✔	✖	28.0 ✔	9.0 ✔

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_.toLower

❗Lodash only Lowercases a given string.

// Lodash
var result = _.toLower('FOOBAR')
console.log(result)
// output: 'foobar'

// Native
var result = 'FOOBAR'.toLowerCase()
console.log(result)
// output: 'foobar'

Browser Support for String.prototype.toLowerCase()

✔	✔	1.0 ✔	✔	✔	✔

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_.toUpper

❗Lodash only Uppercases a given string.

// Lodash
var result = _.toUpper('foobar')
console.log(result)
// output: 'FOOBAR'

// Native
var result = 'foobar'.toUpperCase()
console.log(result)
// output: 'FOOBAR'

Browser Support for String.prototype.toUpperCase()

✔	✔	1.0 ✔	✔	✔	✔

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_.trim

❗Lodash only Removes the leading and trailing whitespace characters from a string.

// Lodash
var result = _.trim(' abc ')
console.log(result)
// output: 'abc'

// Native
var result = ' abc '.trim()
console.log(result)
// output: 'abc'

Browser Support for String.prototype.trim()

5.0 ✔	✔	3.5 ✔	9.0 ✔	10.5 ✔	5.0 ✔

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Reference

• Mozilla Developer Network
• Underscore.js
• Lodash.js

_.uniq

Removes all duplicates entries from an array.

// Underscore/Lodash
var result = _.uniq([1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 3]);
console.log(result)
// output: [1, 2, 4, 3]

// Native
var result = [... new Set([1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 3])]
console.log(result)
// output: [1, 2, 4, 3]

Browser Support for new Set()

38.0 ✔	✔ 12.0	13.0 ✔	11.0 ✔	25.0 ✔	7.1 ✔

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Util

_.times

Invokes the iteratee n times, returning an array of the results of each invocation.

// Lodash
var result = _.times(10)
console.log(result)
// output: '[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]'

// Native
var result = Array.from({length: 10}, (_,x) => x)
console.log(result)
// output: '[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]'

// Native
var result = [...Array(10).keys()]
console.log(result)
// output: '[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]'

Browser Support for Array.from()

45.0 ✔	✔	32.0 ✔	✖	✔	9.0 ✔

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Number

_.inRange

Checks if n is between start and up to, but not including, end. If end is not specified, it's set to start with start then set to 0. If start is greater than end the params are swapped to support negative ranges.

  // Lodash
  _.inRange(3, 2, 4);
  // output: true
  _.inRange(-3, -2, -6);
  // output: true

  //Native
  const inRange = (num, init, final) => {
    if(final === undefined){
      final = init;
      init = 0;
    }
    return (num >= Math.min(init, final) && num < Math.max(init, final));
  }

  inRange(3, 2, 4);
  // output: true
  inRange(-3, -2, -6);
  // output: true

Browser Support for Math.min() and Math.max()

✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔

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Inspired by:

• You-Dont-Need-jQuery
• Rui's blog

License

MIT