diff --git a/apps/app/src/server/routes/comment.js b/apps/app/src/server/routes/comment.js
index 2f40bd51fa5..321a8796991 100644
--- a/apps/app/src/server/routes/comment.js
+++ b/apps/app/src/server/routes/comment.js
@@ -275,6 +275,7 @@ module.exports = function(crowi, app) {
       action: SupportedAction.ACTION_COMMENT_CREATE,
     };
 
+    /** @type {import('../service/pre-notify').GetAdditionalTargetUsers} */
     const getAdditionalTargetUsers = async(activity) => {
       const mentionedUsers = await crowi.commentService.getMentionedUsers(activity.event);
 
@@ -367,9 +368,9 @@ module.exports = function(crowi, app) {
   api.update = async function(req, res) {
     const { commentForm } = req.body;
 
-    const commentStr = commentForm.comment;
-    const commentId = commentForm.comment_id;
-    const revision = commentForm.revision_id;
+    const commentStr = commentForm?.comment;
+    const commentId = commentForm?.comment_id;
+    const revision = commentForm?.revision_id;
 
     if (commentStr === '') {
       return res.json(ApiResponse.error('Comment text is required'));
@@ -393,7 +394,7 @@ module.exports = function(crowi, app) {
       if (!isAccessible) {
         throw new Error('Current user is not accessible to this page.');
       }
-      if (req.user.id !== comment.creator.toString()) {
+      if (req.user._id.toString() !== comment.creator.toString()) {
         throw new Error('Current user is not operatable to this comment.');
       }
 
@@ -476,7 +477,7 @@ module.exports = function(crowi, app) {
       if (!isAccessible) {
         throw new Error('Current user is not accessible to this page.');
       }
-      if (req.user.id !== comment.creator.toString()) {
+      if (req.user._id !== comment.creator.toString()) {
         throw new Error('Current user is not operatable to this comment.');
       }
 
diff --git a/apps/app/src/server/service/activity.ts b/apps/app/src/server/service/activity.ts
index 699bfbb6448..fddd8dabedd 100644
--- a/apps/app/src/server/service/activity.ts
+++ b/apps/app/src/server/service/activity.ts
@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 import type { IPage } from '@growi/core';
 import mongoose from 'mongoose';
 
+import type { IActivity, SupportedActionType } from '~/interfaces/activity';
 import {
-  IActivity, SupportedActionType, AllSupportedActions, ActionGroupSize,
+  AllSupportedActions, ActionGroupSize,
   AllEssentialActions, AllSmallGroupActions, AllMediumGroupActions, AllLargeGroupActions,
 } from '~/interfaces/activity';
-import Activity, { ActivityDocument } from '~/server/models/activity';
+import type { ActivityDocument } from '~/server/models/activity';
+import Activity from '~/server/models/activity';
 
 import loggerFactory from '../../utils/logger';
-import Crowi from '../crowi';
+import type Crowi from '../crowi';
 
 
 import type { GeneratePreNotify, GetAdditionalTargetUsers } from './pre-notify';
diff --git a/apps/app/src/server/service/page/index.ts b/apps/app/src/server/service/page/index.ts
index 789607b39a0..eee60ab5e78 100644
--- a/apps/app/src/server/service/page/index.ts
+++ b/apps/app/src/server/service/page/index.ts
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ class PageService implements IPageService {
       await this.renameDescendantsWithStream(page, newPagePath, user, options, false, descendantsSubscribedSets);
       const descendantsSubscribedUsers = Array.from(descendantsSubscribedSets) as Ref<IUser>[];
 
-      const preNotify = preNotifyService.generatePreNotify(activity, () => { return descendantsSubscribedUsers });
+      const preNotify = preNotifyService.generatePreNotify(activity, async() => { return descendantsSubscribedUsers });
 
       this.activityEvent.emit('updated', activity, page, preNotify);
     }
@@ -1702,7 +1702,7 @@ class PageService implements IPageService {
 
     const descendantsSubscribedUsers = Array.from(descendantsSubscribedSets) as Ref<IUser>[];
 
-    const preNotify = preNotifyService.generatePreNotify(activity, () => { return descendantsSubscribedUsers });
+    const preNotify = preNotifyService.generatePreNotify(activity, async() => { return descendantsSubscribedUsers });
 
     this.activityEvent.emit('updated', activity, page, preNotify);
 
@@ -2021,7 +2021,7 @@ class PageService implements IPageService {
     await this.deleteCompletelyDescendantsWithStream(page, user, options, false, descendantsSubscribedSets);
     const descendantsSubscribedUsers = Array.from(descendantsSubscribedSets) as Ref<IUser>[];
 
-    const preNotify = preNotifyService.generatePreNotify(activity, () => { return descendantsSubscribedUsers });
+    const preNotify = preNotifyService.generatePreNotify(activity, async() => { return descendantsSubscribedUsers });
 
     this.activityEvent.emit('updated', activity, page, preNotify);
 
@@ -2068,7 +2068,7 @@ class PageService implements IPageService {
     const pages = await this.deleteCompletelyDescendantsWithStream(page, user, options, true, descendantsSubscribedSets);
     const descendantsSubscribedUsers = Array.from(descendantsSubscribedSets) as Ref<IUser>[];
 
-    const preNotify = preNotifyService.generatePreNotify(activity, () => { return descendantsSubscribedUsers });
+    const preNotify = preNotifyService.generatePreNotify(activity, async() => { return descendantsSubscribedUsers });
 
     this.activityEvent.emit('updated', activity, page, preNotify);
 
@@ -2304,7 +2304,7 @@ class PageService implements IPageService {
     await this.revertDeletedDescendantsWithStream(page, user, options, false, descendantsSubscribedSets);
     const descendantsSubscribedUsers = Array.from(descendantsSubscribedSets) as Ref<IUser>[];
 
-    const preNotify = preNotifyService.generatePreNotify(activity, () => { return descendantsSubscribedUsers });
+    const preNotify = preNotifyService.generatePreNotify(activity, async() => { return descendantsSubscribedUsers });
 
     this.activityEvent.emit('updated', activity, page, preNotify);
 
diff --git a/apps/app/src/server/service/pre-notify.ts b/apps/app/src/server/service/pre-notify.ts
index 6e8c912c431..6a9eeaeb811 100644
--- a/apps/app/src/server/service/pre-notify.ts
+++ b/apps/app/src/server/service/pre-notify.ts
@@ -11,9 +11,8 @@ export type PreNotifyProps = {
 }
 
 export type PreNotify = (props: PreNotifyProps) => Promise<void>;
-export type GeneratePreNotify = (activity: ActivityDocument, getAdditionalTargetUsers?: (activity?: ActivityDocument) => Ref<IUser>[]) => PreNotify;
-
-export type GetAdditionalTargetUsers = (activity: ActivityDocument) => Ref<IUser>[];
+export type GetAdditionalTargetUsers = (activity: ActivityDocument) => Promise<Ref<IUser>[]>;
+export type GeneratePreNotify = (activity: ActivityDocument, getAdditionalTargetUsers?: GetAdditionalTargetUsers) => PreNotify;
 
 interface IPreNotifyService {
   generateInitialPreNotifyProps: (PreNotifyProps) => { notificationTargetUsers?: Ref<IUser>[] },
@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@ class PreNotifyService implements IPreNotifyService {
         notificationTargetUsers?.push(...activeNotificationUsers);
       }
       else {
-        const AdditionalTargetUsers = getAdditionalTargetUsers(activity);
+        const AdditionalTargetUsers = await getAdditionalTargetUsers(activity);
 
         notificationTargetUsers?.push(
           ...activeNotificationUsers,