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<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<!--
Benjamin Tam ([email protected])
for the SNO+ Collaboration
11 March 2023
-->
<html>
<head>
<title>SNO+: Geo-Neutrinos</title>
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<body class="is-preload">
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<a href="index.html" class="logo">The SNO+ Experiment</a>
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<li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li>
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<h1>Science Programme</h1>
<p>The SNO+ Experiment is used to investigate a large suite of physics phenomena. <br/>Find out more about our current active research interests here.</p>
</header>
<ul class="actions special">
<li><a href="0vbb.html#section" class="button">Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay</a></li>
<li><a href="solar.html#section" class="button">Low Energy Solar Neutrinos</a></li>
<li><a href="reactor.html#section" class="button">Reactor Neutrinos</a></li>
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<li><a href="geo.html#section" class="button primary">Geo-Neutrinos</a></li>
<li><a href="supernova.html#section" class="button">Supernova Neutrinos</a></li>
<li><a href="ind.html#section" class="button">Invisible Nucleon Decay</a></li>
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<br />
<h2>Geo-Neutrinos</h2>
<p>In addition to those <a href = reactor.html>produced from reactors</a>, anti-neutrinos are also released during the beta decay of radioactive isotopes in the Earth's mantle and crust, particularly from <sup>40</sup>K and isotopes in the decay chains of <sup>238</sup>U and <sup>232</sup>Th. These "geo-neutrinos"are interesting from a geophysics point of view because they can tell us the amount of radioactivity present deep inside the Earth. This radioactivity is thought to be responsible for a large fraction (~50%) of the heat produced in the Earth. As such, measuring geo-neutrinos will play an important role in determining how the interior of the Earth has cooled over time and how it will behave in the future.
</p><p>
The KamLAND experiment (in Japan) was the first to detect geo-neutrinos in 2005, and have since have updated their measurement. An independent measurement has also been made by the Borexino experiment (in Italy). Located in Canada, SNO+ is located in an excellent position for a third geo-neutrino measurement in the world. Not only would it be the first measurement in the Western Hemisphere, the local geology around SNOLAB has been extensively characterized due to a legacy of major mining activity in the surrounding region. Data from the SNO+ geo-neutrino measurement can be combined with those from KamLAND and Borexino in a global analysis to infer the abundance of uranium and thorium deep in Earth's mantle.
</p><p>
The expected geoneutrino energy spectrum in SNO+ is shown here:
</p>
<figure>
<center>
<img src="images/geonu.png" alt="Expected SNO+ Geoneutrino spectrum" style="width:75%">
<!-- <figcaption>Figure 2: SNO+ Energy spectrum.</figcaption> -->
</center>
</figure>
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