datasets/ecmwf-forecast/ecmwf-forecast-example.ipynb

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    "## Accessing ECMWF Open Data – Real Time\n",
    "\n",
    "The Planetary Computer includes data from the ECMWF Open Data (real time) program. See the [dataset](https://planetarycomputer.microsoft.com/dataset/ecmwf-forecast) page and [ECMWF Uesr Guide](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/UDOC/ECMWF+Open+Data+-+Real+Time) for more.\n",
    "\n",
    "Each item in this collection includes metadata about the *stream* (or forecasting system) and *type* that produced that particular dataset. Filter on these values to select the item of interest. For example, we can select data from the `wave` stream, with the `fc` type that are forecast `0h` hours out."
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    "import pystac_client\n",
    "import planetary_computer\n",
    "\n",
    "catalog = pystac_client.Client.open(\n",
    "    \"https://planetarycomputer.microsoft.com/api/stac/v1\",\n",
    "    modifier=planetary_computer.sign_inplace,\n",
    ")\n",
    "search = catalog.search(\n",
    "    collections=[\"ecmwf-forecast\"],\n",
    "    query={\n",
    "        \"ecmwf:stream\": {\"eq\": \"wave\"},\n",
    "        \"ecmwf:type\": {\"eq\": \"fc\"},\n",
    "        \"ecmwf:step\": {\"eq\": \"0h\"},\n",
    "    },\n",
    ")\n",
    "items = search.get_all_items()\n",
    "len(items)"
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    "We'll select the most recent item, using the item's datetime."
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      "text/plain": [
       "<Item id=ecmwf-2022-03-10T00-wave-fc-0h>"
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    "item = max(items, key=lambda item: item.datetime)\n",
    "item"
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   "source": [
    "This STAC item has two assets. One asset is the actual GRIB2 file with the data. The second asset is the \"index\" file, which contains information about the messages within the GRIB2 file."
   ]
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    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'https://ai4edataeuwest.blob.core.windows.net/ecmwf/20220310/00z/0p4-beta/wave/20220310000000-0h-wave-fc.grib2'"
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    "url"
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   "source": [
    "To open the file with xarray, we can download it locally and open it with `cfgrib`."
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       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.Dataset&gt;\n",
       "Dimensions:     (latitude: 451, longitude: 900)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "    time        datetime64[ns] 2022-03-10\n",
       "    step        timedelta64[ns] 00:00:00\n",
       "    meanSea     float64 0.0\n",
       "  * latitude    (latitude) float64 90.0 89.6 89.2 88.8 ... -89.2 -89.6 -90.0\n",
       "  * longitude   (longitude) float64 -180.0 -179.6 -179.2 ... 178.8 179.2 179.6\n",
       "    valid_time  datetime64[ns] 2022-03-10\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    swh         (latitude, longitude) float32 ...\n",
       "    mwp         (latitude, longitude) float32 ...\n",
       "    mwd         (latitude, longitude) float32 ...\n",
       "    pp1d        (latitude, longitude) float32 ...\n",
       "    mp2         (latitude, longitude) float32 ...\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    GRIB_edition:            2\n",
       "    GRIB_centre:             ecmf\n",
       "    GRIB_centreDescription:  European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts\n",
       "    GRIB_subCentre:          0\n",
       "    Conventions:             CF-1.7\n",
       "    institution:             European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts\n",
       "    history:                 2022-03-10T19:02 GRIB to CDM+CF via cfgrib-0.9.1...</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.Dataset</div></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-cafa594a-5d61-4daf-aa91-5768dd27a603' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-cafa594a-5d61-4daf-aa91-5768dd27a603' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Dimensions:</label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>latitude</span>: 451</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>longitude</span>: 900</li></ul></div><div class='xr-section-details'></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-8b9a6b50-c2c2-4726-8d66-03715abc6431' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-8b9a6b50-c2c2-4726-8d66-03715abc6431' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(6)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>()</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-d527b6c7-6b66-4750-a059-ee1983896753' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-d527b6c7-6b66-4750-a059-ee1983896753' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-f3ef641b-3326-4362-a118-4e3f3f339d69' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-f3ef641b-3326-4362-a118-4e3f3f339d69' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>initial time of forecast</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>forecast_reference_time</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array(&#x27;2022-03-10T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;, dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>step</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>()</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>timedelta64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-c619b3f9-68ac-4436-b2b9-47321c51c348' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-c619b3f9-68ac-4436-b2b9-47321c51c348' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-081d2a92-c791-4ebc-af4e-01a3313797eb' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-081d2a92-c791-4ebc-af4e-01a3313797eb' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>time since forecast_reference_time</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>forecast_period</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array(0, dtype=&#x27;timedelta64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>meanSea</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>()</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-bb919fb1-2544-4b26-94ef-ec31cbec90b0' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-bb919fb1-2544-4b26-94ef-ec31cbec90b0' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-7ba43153-ffba-477b-9dfb-5751bc80922b' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-7ba43153-ffba-477b-9dfb-5751bc80922b' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>original GRIB coordinate for key: level(meanSea)</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>1</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array(0.)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>latitude</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(latitude)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>90.0 89.6 89.2 ... -89.6 -90.0</div><input id='attrs-d235b143-48e3-442e-933d-691050001d49' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-d235b143-48e3-442e-933d-691050001d49' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-3dbadcc1-26da-4df2-af9f-7e5a1660b0f8' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-3dbadcc1-26da-4df2-af9f-7e5a1660b0f8' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_north</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude</dd><dt><span>stored_direction :</span></dt><dd>decreasing</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([ 90. ,  89.6,  89.2, ..., -89.2, -89.6, -90. ])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>longitude</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(longitude)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>-180.0 -179.6 ... 179.2 179.6</div><input id='attrs-32b5e6a9-d953-480a-acad-06ed97f512f4' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-32b5e6a9-d953-480a-acad-06ed97f512f4' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-482374cc-743d-4237-937b-7a7b2c69acfd' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-482374cc-743d-4237-937b-7a7b2c69acfd' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_east</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>longitude</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>longitude</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([-180. , -179.6, -179.2, ...,  178.8,  179.2,  179.6])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>valid_time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>()</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-b9d1a917-a35a-43b8-b426-76da0108d7ea' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-b9d1a917-a35a-43b8-b426-76da0108d7ea' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-64176c94-3fae-43d2-91b4-1cc205671069' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-64176c94-3fae-43d2-91b4-1cc205671069' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>time</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>time</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array(&#x27;2022-03-10T00:00:00.000000000&#x27;, dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-4e516d94-1d34-47da-b010-2201568baa68' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-4e516d94-1d34-47da-b010-2201568baa68' class='xr-section-summary' >Data variables: <span>(5)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>swh</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(latitude, longitude)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-ebefa79b-a99d-4f2c-8f09-74c499bc724d' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-ebefa79b-a99d-4f2c-8f09-74c499bc724d' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-78c96506-f191-4814-b7bd-721d7334afaa' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-78c96506-f191-4814-b7bd-721d7334afaa' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>GRIB_paramId :</span></dt><dd>140229</dd><dt><span>GRIB_dataType :</span></dt><dd>fc</dd><dt><span>GRIB_numberOfPoints :</span></dt><dd>405900</dd><dt><span>GRIB_typeOfLevel :</span></dt><dd>meanSea</dd><dt><span>GRIB_stepUnits :</span></dt><dd>1</dd><dt><span>GRIB_stepType :</span></dt><dd>instant</dd><dt><span>GRIB_gridType :</span></dt><dd>regular_ll</dd><dt><span>GRIB_NV :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_Nx :</span></dt><dd>900</dd><dt><span>GRIB_Ny :</span></dt><dd>451</dd><dt><span>GRIB_cfName :</span></dt><dd>unknown</dd><dt><span>GRIB_cfVarName :</span></dt><dd>swh</dd><dt><span>GRIB_gridDefinitionDescription :</span></dt><dd>Latitude/longitude </dd><dt><span>GRIB_iDirectionIncrementInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>0.4</dd><dt><span>GRIB_iScansNegatively :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_jDirectionIncrementInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>0.4</dd><dt><span>GRIB_jPointsAreConsecutive :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_jScansPositively :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_latitudeOfFirstGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>90.0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_latitudeOfLastGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>-90.0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_longitudeOfFirstGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>180.0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_longitudeOfLastGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>179.6</dd><dt><span>GRIB_missingValue :</span></dt><dd>9999</dd><dt><span>GRIB_name :</span></dt><dd>Significant height of combined wind waves and swell</dd><dt><span>GRIB_shortName :</span></dt><dd>swh</dd><dt><span>GRIB_units :</span></dt><dd>m</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Significant height of combined wind waves and swell</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>unknown</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[405900 values with dtype=float32]</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>mwp</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(latitude, longitude)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-d3ffa73d-cbec-410c-b1f0-71fd665b3b88' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-d3ffa73d-cbec-410c-b1f0-71fd665b3b88' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-71f26fc3-8242-49fc-8232-bb077ac6c3bc' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-71f26fc3-8242-49fc-8232-bb077ac6c3bc' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>GRIB_paramId :</span></dt><dd>140232</dd><dt><span>GRIB_dataType :</span></dt><dd>fc</dd><dt><span>GRIB_numberOfPoints :</span></dt><dd>405900</dd><dt><span>GRIB_typeOfLevel :</span></dt><dd>meanSea</dd><dt><span>GRIB_stepUnits :</span></dt><dd>1</dd><dt><span>GRIB_stepType :</span></dt><dd>instant</dd><dt><span>GRIB_gridType :</span></dt><dd>regular_ll</dd><dt><span>GRIB_NV :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_Nx :</span></dt><dd>900</dd><dt><span>GRIB_Ny :</span></dt><dd>451</dd><dt><span>GRIB_cfName :</span></dt><dd>unknown</dd><dt><span>GRIB_cfVarName :</span></dt><dd>mwp</dd><dt><span>GRIB_gridDefinitionDescription :</span></dt><dd>Latitude/longitude </dd><dt><span>GRIB_iDirectionIncrementInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>0.4</dd><dt><span>GRIB_iScansNegatively :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_jDirectionIncrementInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>0.4</dd><dt><span>GRIB_jPointsAreConsecutive :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_jScansPositively :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_latitudeOfFirstGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>90.0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_latitudeOfLastGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>-90.0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_longitudeOfFirstGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>180.0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_longitudeOfLastGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>179.6</dd><dt><span>GRIB_missingValue :</span></dt><dd>9999</dd><dt><span>GRIB_name :</span></dt><dd>Mean wave period</dd><dt><span>GRIB_shortName :</span></dt><dd>mwp</dd><dt><span>GRIB_units :</span></dt><dd>s</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Mean wave period</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>s</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>unknown</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[405900 values with dtype=float32]</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>mwd</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(latitude, longitude)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-a3b46e90-3ec2-4c09-8f56-ceea1adcae38' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-a3b46e90-3ec2-4c09-8f56-ceea1adcae38' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-fea069bf-de9c-4762-99a7-4c2d98dca4c0' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-fea069bf-de9c-4762-99a7-4c2d98dca4c0' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>GRIB_paramId :</span></dt><dd>140230</dd><dt><span>GRIB_dataType :</span></dt><dd>fc</dd><dt><span>GRIB_numberOfPoints :</span></dt><dd>405900</dd><dt><span>GRIB_typeOfLevel :</span></dt><dd>meanSea</dd><dt><span>GRIB_stepUnits :</span></dt><dd>1</dd><dt><span>GRIB_stepType :</span></dt><dd>instant</dd><dt><span>GRIB_gridType :</span></dt><dd>regular_ll</dd><dt><span>GRIB_NV :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_Nx :</span></dt><dd>900</dd><dt><span>GRIB_Ny :</span></dt><dd>451</dd><dt><span>GRIB_cfName :</span></dt><dd>unknown</dd><dt><span>GRIB_cfVarName :</span></dt><dd>mwd</dd><dt><span>GRIB_gridDefinitionDescription :</span></dt><dd>Latitude/longitude </dd><dt><span>GRIB_iDirectionIncrementInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>0.4</dd><dt><span>GRIB_iScansNegatively :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_jDirectionIncrementInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>0.4</dd><dt><span>GRIB_jPointsAreConsecutive :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_jScansPositively :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_latitudeOfFirstGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>90.0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_latitudeOfLastGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>-90.0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_longitudeOfFirstGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>180.0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_longitudeOfLastGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>179.6</dd><dt><span>GRIB_missingValue :</span></dt><dd>9999</dd><dt><span>GRIB_name :</span></dt><dd>Mean wave direction</dd><dt><span>GRIB_shortName :</span></dt><dd>mwd</dd><dt><span>GRIB_units :</span></dt><dd>Degree true</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Mean wave direction</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>Degree true</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>unknown</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[405900 values with dtype=float32]</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>pp1d</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(latitude, longitude)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-00efe23c-e973-41e4-82d4-fabbac9e45f1' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-00efe23c-e973-41e4-82d4-fabbac9e45f1' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-94d97d03-2c0b-440b-a468-1c34fb8afed0' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-94d97d03-2c0b-440b-a468-1c34fb8afed0' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>GRIB_paramId :</span></dt><dd>140231</dd><dt><span>GRIB_dataType :</span></dt><dd>fc</dd><dt><span>GRIB_numberOfPoints :</span></dt><dd>405900</dd><dt><span>GRIB_typeOfLevel :</span></dt><dd>meanSea</dd><dt><span>GRIB_stepUnits :</span></dt><dd>1</dd><dt><span>GRIB_stepType :</span></dt><dd>instant</dd><dt><span>GRIB_gridType :</span></dt><dd>regular_ll</dd><dt><span>GRIB_NV :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_Nx :</span></dt><dd>900</dd><dt><span>GRIB_Ny :</span></dt><dd>451</dd><dt><span>GRIB_cfName :</span></dt><dd>unknown</dd><dt><span>GRIB_cfVarName :</span></dt><dd>pp1d</dd><dt><span>GRIB_gridDefinitionDescription :</span></dt><dd>Latitude/longitude </dd><dt><span>GRIB_iDirectionIncrementInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>0.4</dd><dt><span>GRIB_iScansNegatively :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_jDirectionIncrementInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>0.4</dd><dt><span>GRIB_jPointsAreConsecutive :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_jScansPositively :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_latitudeOfFirstGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>90.0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_latitudeOfLastGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>-90.0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_longitudeOfFirstGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>180.0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_longitudeOfLastGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>179.6</dd><dt><span>GRIB_missingValue :</span></dt><dd>9999</dd><dt><span>GRIB_name :</span></dt><dd>Peak wave period</dd><dt><span>GRIB_shortName :</span></dt><dd>pp1d</dd><dt><span>GRIB_units :</span></dt><dd>s</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Peak wave period</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>s</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>unknown</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[405900 values with dtype=float32]</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>mp2</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(latitude, longitude)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-f2322878-f803-48c0-a0a0-064c287489ce' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-f2322878-f803-48c0-a0a0-064c287489ce' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-9876960c-3ea5-4363-af9b-db56d90e0f9f' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-9876960c-3ea5-4363-af9b-db56d90e0f9f' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>GRIB_paramId :</span></dt><dd>140221</dd><dt><span>GRIB_dataType :</span></dt><dd>fc</dd><dt><span>GRIB_numberOfPoints :</span></dt><dd>405900</dd><dt><span>GRIB_typeOfLevel :</span></dt><dd>meanSea</dd><dt><span>GRIB_stepUnits :</span></dt><dd>1</dd><dt><span>GRIB_stepType :</span></dt><dd>instant</dd><dt><span>GRIB_gridType :</span></dt><dd>regular_ll</dd><dt><span>GRIB_NV :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_Nx :</span></dt><dd>900</dd><dt><span>GRIB_Ny :</span></dt><dd>451</dd><dt><span>GRIB_cfName :</span></dt><dd>unknown</dd><dt><span>GRIB_cfVarName :</span></dt><dd>mp2</dd><dt><span>GRIB_gridDefinitionDescription :</span></dt><dd>Latitude/longitude </dd><dt><span>GRIB_iDirectionIncrementInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>0.4</dd><dt><span>GRIB_iScansNegatively :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_jDirectionIncrementInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>0.4</dd><dt><span>GRIB_jPointsAreConsecutive :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_jScansPositively :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_latitudeOfFirstGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>90.0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_latitudeOfLastGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>-90.0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_longitudeOfFirstGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>180.0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_longitudeOfLastGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>179.6</dd><dt><span>GRIB_missingValue :</span></dt><dd>9999</dd><dt><span>GRIB_name :</span></dt><dd>Mean zero-crossing wave period</dd><dt><span>GRIB_shortName :</span></dt><dd>mp2</dd><dt><span>GRIB_units :</span></dt><dd>s</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Mean zero-crossing wave period</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>s</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>unknown</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[405900 values with dtype=float32]</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-9d1ce9fd-7587-457c-9069-43c3bf424fa1' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-9d1ce9fd-7587-457c-9069-43c3bf424fa1' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(7)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>GRIB_edition :</span></dt><dd>2</dd><dt><span>GRIB_centre :</span></dt><dd>ecmf</dd><dt><span>GRIB_centreDescription :</span></dt><dd>European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts</dd><dt><span>GRIB_subCentre :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>Conventions :</span></dt><dd>CF-1.7</dd><dt><span>institution :</span></dt><dd>European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts</dd><dt><span>history :</span></dt><dd>2022-03-10T19:02 GRIB to CDM+CF via cfgrib-0.9.10.0/ecCodes-2.24.2 with {&quot;source&quot;: &quot;../../../tmp/tmpcicrlg64&quot;, &quot;filter_by_keys&quot;: {}, &quot;encode_cf&quot;: [&quot;parameter&quot;, &quot;time&quot;, &quot;geography&quot;, &quot;vertical&quot;]}</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.Dataset>\n",
       "Dimensions:     (latitude: 451, longitude: 900)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "    time        datetime64[ns] ...\n",
       "    step        timedelta64[ns] ...\n",
       "    meanSea     float64 ...\n",
       "  * latitude    (latitude) float64 90.0 89.6 89.2 88.8 ... -89.2 -89.6 -90.0\n",
       "  * longitude   (longitude) float64 -180.0 -179.6 -179.2 ... 178.8 179.2 179.6\n",
       "    valid_time  datetime64[ns] ...\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    swh         (latitude, longitude) float32 ...\n",
       "    mwp         (latitude, longitude) float32 ...\n",
       "    mwd         (latitude, longitude) float32 ...\n",
       "    pp1d        (latitude, longitude) float32 ...\n",
       "    mp2         (latitude, longitude) float32 ...\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    GRIB_edition:            2\n",
       "    GRIB_centre:             ecmf\n",
       "    GRIB_centreDescription:  European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts\n",
       "    GRIB_subCentre:          0\n",
       "    Conventions:             CF-1.7\n",
       "    institution:             European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts\n",
       "    history:                 2022-03-10T19:02 GRIB to CDM+CF via cfgrib-0.9.1..."
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import urllib.request\n",
    "import xarray as xr\n",
    "\n",
    "filename, _ = urllib.request.urlretrieve(url)\n",
    "\n",
    "ds = xr.open_dataset(filename, engine=\"cfgrib\")\n",
    "ds"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "9e481590-5e18-45ff-a3ae-ed0db41abf40",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can plot the various data variables, for example the significant height of combined wind waves and swell."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "468e3062-f159-44cb-89ce-b2ded4e352d3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<img src=\"https://ai4edatasetspublicassets.blob.core.windows.net/assets/notebook-output/datasets-ecmwf-forecast-ecmwf-forecast-example.ipynb/5.png\"/>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 1152x648 with 2 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "import cartopy.crs as ccrs\n",
    "\n",
    "projection = ccrs.Robinson()\n",
    "fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(16, 9), subplot_kw=dict(projection=projection))\n",
    "\n",
    "ds.swh.plot(ax=ax, transform=ccrs.PlateCarree());"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "cc4f0715-89ec-415d-89f7-520ad7b79a24",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Or the joint distribution between the wave period and height."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "70780ca2-840c-42b8-850f-d51e6442dcfe",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<img src=\"https://ai4edatasetspublicassets.blob.core.windows.net/assets/notebook-output/datasets-ecmwf-forecast-ecmwf-forecast-example.ipynb/6.png\"/>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 864x864 with 3 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import seaborn as sns\n",
    "\n",
    "grid = sns.jointplot(\n",
    "    x=ds.mwp.data.ravel(), y=ds.swh.data.ravel(), alpha=0.25, marker=\".\", height=12\n",
    ")\n",
    "grid.ax_joint.set(xlabel=\"Mean wave period\", ylabel=\"Significant wave height\");"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "ba157759-147c-4247-ad4b-ad321da571c4",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### GRIB2 files with multiple datasets \n",
    "\n",
    "Some GRIB2 files contain many messages that for separate xarray Datasets. For example, we can find the STAC item containing the atmospheric fields ensemble forecast (`stream=enfo`) from the ensemble forecast model (`type=ef`)."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "0095f86f-3c76-4ab4-ac4f-4dbdb03d8159",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "189 matched\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "search = catalog.search(\n",
    "    collections=[\"ecmwf-forecast\"],\n",
    "    query={\n",
    "        \"ecmwf:stream\": {\"eq\": \"enfo\"},\n",
    "        \"ecmwf:type\": {\"eq\": \"ef\"},\n",
    "        \"ecmwf:step\": {\"eq\": \"0h\"},\n",
    "    },\n",
    ")\n",
    "items = search.get_all_items()\n",
    "print(len(items), \"matched\")\n",
    "# select the most recent forecast\n",
    "item = max(items, key=lambda item: item.datetime)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "0e2d2cba-6052-405e-a5cd-84b0035488d7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "url = item.assets[\"data\"].href\n",
    "filename, _ = urllib.request.urlretrieve(url)"
   ]
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  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "baa890b6-0ca6-4ca9-8b27-6954099a249d",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "If we provided just the `filename` to `xarray.open_dataset`, we'd get an error from `cfgrib` saying it can't form a valid DataArray from the file. That's because the GRIB2 file contains multiple data variables that don't form a neat hypercube. Provide `filter_by_keys` to indicate which subset of the data to read in."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "id": "cb28e64a-8376-41c7-ac29-a6bd3181d159",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
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       "\n",
       ".xr-var-item > .xr-var-name:hover span {\n",
       "  padding-right: 5px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-list > li:nth-child(odd) > div,\n",
       ".xr-var-list > li:nth-child(odd) > label,\n",
       ".xr-var-list > li:nth-child(odd) > .xr-var-name span {\n",
       "  background-color: var(--xr-background-color-row-odd);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-dims {\n",
       "  grid-column: 2;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-dtype {\n",
       "  grid-column: 3;\n",
       "  text-align: right;\n",
       "  color: var(--xr-font-color2);\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-preview {\n",
       "  grid-column: 4;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name,\n",
       ".xr-var-dims,\n",
       ".xr-var-dtype,\n",
       ".xr-preview,\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt {\n",
       "  white-space: nowrap;\n",
       "  overflow: hidden;\n",
       "  text-overflow: ellipsis;\n",
       "  padding-right: 10px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name:hover,\n",
       ".xr-var-dims:hover,\n",
       ".xr-var-dtype:hover,\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt:hover {\n",
       "  overflow: visible;\n",
       "  width: auto;\n",
       "  z-index: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-data {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "  background-color: var(--xr-background-color) !important;\n",
       "  padding-bottom: 5px !important;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-attrs-in:checked ~ .xr-var-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-data-in:checked ~ .xr-var-data {\n",
       "  display: block;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-data > table {\n",
       "  float: right;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name span,\n",
       ".xr-var-data,\n",
       ".xr-attrs {\n",
       "  padding-left: 25px !important;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-data {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1 / -1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "dl.xr-attrs {\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "  display: grid;\n",
       "  grid-template-columns: 125px auto;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt,\n",
       ".xr-attrs dd {\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "  float: left;\n",
       "  padding-right: 10px;\n",
       "  width: auto;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt {\n",
       "  font-weight: normal;\n",
       "  grid-column: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt:hover span {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  background: var(--xr-background-color);\n",
       "  padding-right: 10px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dd {\n",
       "  grid-column: 2;\n",
       "  white-space: pre-wrap;\n",
       "  word-break: break-all;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-icon-database,\n",
       ".xr-icon-file-text2 {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "  width: 1em;\n",
       "  height: 1.5em !important;\n",
       "  stroke-width: 0;\n",
       "  stroke: currentColor;\n",
       "  fill: currentColor;\n",
       "}\n",
       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.Dataset&gt;\n",
       "Dimensions:     (number: 50, latitude: 451, longitude: 900)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * number      (number) int64 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50\n",
       "    time        datetime64[ns] 2022-03-10T06:00:00\n",
       "    step        timedelta64[ns] 00:00:00\n",
       "    surface     float64 0.0\n",
       "  * latitude    (latitude) float64 90.0 89.6 89.2 88.8 ... -89.2 -89.6 -90.0\n",
       "  * longitude   (longitude) float64 -180.0 -179.6 -179.2 ... 178.8 179.2 179.6\n",
       "    valid_time  datetime64[ns] 2022-03-10T06:00:00\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    tp          (number, latitude, longitude) float32 ...\n",
       "    sp          (number, latitude, longitude) float32 ...\n",
       "    skt         (number, latitude, longitude) float32 ...\n",
       "    ro          (number, latitude, longitude) float32 ...\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    GRIB_edition:            2\n",
       "    GRIB_centre:             ecmf\n",
       "    GRIB_centreDescription:  European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts\n",
       "    GRIB_subCentre:          0\n",
       "    Conventions:             CF-1.7\n",
       "    institution:             European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts\n",
       "    history:                 2022-03-10T19:03 GRIB to CDM+CF via cfgrib-0.9.1...</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.Dataset</div></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-cf9cd2d5-2a4a-4d37-acda-a8050dc3a25a' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-cf9cd2d5-2a4a-4d37-acda-a8050dc3a25a' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Dimensions:</label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>number</span>: 50</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>latitude</span>: 451</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>longitude</span>: 900</li></ul></div><div class='xr-section-details'></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-eaf66581-d7b7-4422-bc40-fff459ac344e' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-eaf66581-d7b7-4422-bc40-fff459ac344e' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(7)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>number</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(number)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>int64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ... 45 46 47 48 49 50</div><input id='attrs-71007fa2-78ec-4c5c-9a87-d4230a2e695f' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-71007fa2-78ec-4c5c-9a87-d4230a2e695f' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-3e3e0e3b-a27f-43d4-b748-717a5964b1f5' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-3e3e0e3b-a27f-43d4-b748-717a5964b1f5' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>ensemble member numerical id</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>1</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>realization</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([ 1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,\n",
       "       19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36,\n",
       "       37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>()</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-b7607a07-1d7f-44a9-8aff-7b1c8a0bff89' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-b7607a07-1d7f-44a9-8aff-7b1c8a0bff89' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-65148a9b-a1cb-4fbd-9e84-1fefc5f674b0' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-65148a9b-a1cb-4fbd-9e84-1fefc5f674b0' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>initial time of forecast</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>forecast_reference_time</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array(&#x27;2022-03-10T06:00:00.000000000&#x27;, dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>step</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>()</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>timedelta64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-72562eb5-4d5f-4717-866f-4048fba8b0a4' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-72562eb5-4d5f-4717-866f-4048fba8b0a4' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-65be7dff-2edc-4ab2-bb04-9e5e67f1d82d' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-65be7dff-2edc-4ab2-bb04-9e5e67f1d82d' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>time since forecast_reference_time</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>forecast_period</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array(0, dtype=&#x27;timedelta64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>surface</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>()</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-48f32f96-c725-47ec-97bb-7a6805810b95' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-48f32f96-c725-47ec-97bb-7a6805810b95' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-fb2c28e1-1507-4101-9bd5-b0022a9792f0' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-fb2c28e1-1507-4101-9bd5-b0022a9792f0' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>original GRIB coordinate for key: level(surface)</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>1</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array(0.)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>latitude</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(latitude)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>90.0 89.6 89.2 ... -89.6 -90.0</div><input id='attrs-736e6083-c683-4e52-ada3-0ed1f74608ca' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-736e6083-c683-4e52-ada3-0ed1f74608ca' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-21836641-2269-4215-8735-af82c4f3c280' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-21836641-2269-4215-8735-af82c4f3c280' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_north</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>latitude</dd><dt><span>stored_direction :</span></dt><dd>decreasing</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([ 90. ,  89.6,  89.2, ..., -89.2, -89.6, -90. ])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>longitude</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(longitude)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float64</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>-180.0 -179.6 ... 179.2 179.6</div><input id='attrs-a50b3d49-e090-4a9b-8c2d-51c4d646203d' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-a50b3d49-e090-4a9b-8c2d-51c4d646203d' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-f8134924-198f-44a1-bb63-a754c4f0c5a8' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-f8134924-198f-44a1-bb63-a754c4f0c5a8' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_east</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>longitude</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>longitude</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([-180. , -179.6, -179.2, ...,  178.8,  179.2,  179.6])</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>valid_time</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>()</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>datetime64[ns]</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-f80d59ad-22f3-4fb0-bfed-3fa03862b822' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-f80d59ad-22f3-4fb0-bfed-3fa03862b822' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-2ea79d34-2c06-4267-8d73-430174f8f29b' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-2ea79d34-2c06-4267-8d73-430174f8f29b' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>time</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>time</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array(&#x27;2022-03-10T06:00:00.000000000&#x27;, dtype=&#x27;datetime64[ns]&#x27;)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-1220dde8-f856-434d-91fd-d81cb9293ccd' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-1220dde8-f856-434d-91fd-d81cb9293ccd' class='xr-section-summary' >Data variables: <span>(4)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>tp</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(number, latitude, longitude)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-7f0b541a-e2e7-4f36-ad39-07032e38afb3' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-7f0b541a-e2e7-4f36-ad39-07032e38afb3' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-73fd632e-7b0c-4146-a3a4-a8fa40770c08' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-73fd632e-7b0c-4146-a3a4-a8fa40770c08' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>GRIB_paramId :</span></dt><dd>228</dd><dt><span>GRIB_dataType :</span></dt><dd>pf</dd><dt><span>GRIB_numberOfPoints :</span></dt><dd>405900</dd><dt><span>GRIB_typeOfLevel :</span></dt><dd>surface</dd><dt><span>GRIB_stepUnits :</span></dt><dd>1</dd><dt><span>GRIB_stepType :</span></dt><dd>accum</dd><dt><span>GRIB_gridType :</span></dt><dd>regular_ll</dd><dt><span>GRIB_NV :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_Nx :</span></dt><dd>900</dd><dt><span>GRIB_Ny :</span></dt><dd>451</dd><dt><span>GRIB_cfName :</span></dt><dd>unknown</dd><dt><span>GRIB_cfVarName :</span></dt><dd>tp</dd><dt><span>GRIB_gridDefinitionDescription :</span></dt><dd>Latitude/longitude </dd><dt><span>GRIB_iDirectionIncrementInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>0.4</dd><dt><span>GRIB_iScansNegatively :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_jDirectionIncrementInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>0.4</dd><dt><span>GRIB_jPointsAreConsecutive :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_jScansPositively :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_latitudeOfFirstGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>90.0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_latitudeOfLastGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>-90.0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_longitudeOfFirstGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>180.0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_longitudeOfLastGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>179.6</dd><dt><span>GRIB_missingValue :</span></dt><dd>9999</dd><dt><span>GRIB_name :</span></dt><dd>Total precipitation</dd><dt><span>GRIB_shortName :</span></dt><dd>tp</dd><dt><span>GRIB_totalNumber :</span></dt><dd>51</dd><dt><span>GRIB_units :</span></dt><dd>m</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Total precipitation</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>unknown</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[20295000 values with dtype=float32]</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>sp</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(number, latitude, longitude)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-97bf30d4-24b5-4a32-9440-e38ec3a3163f' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-97bf30d4-24b5-4a32-9440-e38ec3a3163f' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-40612ccc-1eb6-4fda-a124-339b2b657c06' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-40612ccc-1eb6-4fda-a124-339b2b657c06' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>GRIB_paramId :</span></dt><dd>134</dd><dt><span>GRIB_dataType :</span></dt><dd>pf</dd><dt><span>GRIB_numberOfPoints :</span></dt><dd>405900</dd><dt><span>GRIB_typeOfLevel :</span></dt><dd>surface</dd><dt><span>GRIB_stepUnits :</span></dt><dd>1</dd><dt><span>GRIB_stepType :</span></dt><dd>instant</dd><dt><span>GRIB_gridType :</span></dt><dd>regular_ll</dd><dt><span>GRIB_NV :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_Nx :</span></dt><dd>900</dd><dt><span>GRIB_Ny :</span></dt><dd>451</dd><dt><span>GRIB_cfName :</span></dt><dd>surface_air_pressure</dd><dt><span>GRIB_cfVarName :</span></dt><dd>sp</dd><dt><span>GRIB_gridDefinitionDescription :</span></dt><dd>Latitude/longitude </dd><dt><span>GRIB_iDirectionIncrementInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>0.4</dd><dt><span>GRIB_iScansNegatively :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_jDirectionIncrementInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>0.4</dd><dt><span>GRIB_jPointsAreConsecutive :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_jScansPositively :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_latitudeOfFirstGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>90.0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_latitudeOfLastGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>-90.0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_longitudeOfFirstGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>180.0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_longitudeOfLastGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>179.6</dd><dt><span>GRIB_missingValue :</span></dt><dd>9999</dd><dt><span>GRIB_name :</span></dt><dd>Surface pressure</dd><dt><span>GRIB_shortName :</span></dt><dd>sp</dd><dt><span>GRIB_totalNumber :</span></dt><dd>51</dd><dt><span>GRIB_units :</span></dt><dd>Pa</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Surface pressure</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>Pa</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>surface_air_pressure</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[20295000 values with dtype=float32]</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>skt</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(number, latitude, longitude)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-f1c9ad8f-fa3c-465f-a476-e9fa6c3d92b5' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-f1c9ad8f-fa3c-465f-a476-e9fa6c3d92b5' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-8a97a6f0-92c9-40c4-a156-51ab6f595546' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-8a97a6f0-92c9-40c4-a156-51ab6f595546' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>GRIB_paramId :</span></dt><dd>235</dd><dt><span>GRIB_dataType :</span></dt><dd>pf</dd><dt><span>GRIB_numberOfPoints :</span></dt><dd>405900</dd><dt><span>GRIB_typeOfLevel :</span></dt><dd>surface</dd><dt><span>GRIB_stepUnits :</span></dt><dd>1</dd><dt><span>GRIB_stepType :</span></dt><dd>instant</dd><dt><span>GRIB_gridType :</span></dt><dd>regular_ll</dd><dt><span>GRIB_NV :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_Nx :</span></dt><dd>900</dd><dt><span>GRIB_Ny :</span></dt><dd>451</dd><dt><span>GRIB_cfName :</span></dt><dd>unknown</dd><dt><span>GRIB_cfVarName :</span></dt><dd>skt</dd><dt><span>GRIB_gridDefinitionDescription :</span></dt><dd>Latitude/longitude </dd><dt><span>GRIB_iDirectionIncrementInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>0.4</dd><dt><span>GRIB_iScansNegatively :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_jDirectionIncrementInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>0.4</dd><dt><span>GRIB_jPointsAreConsecutive :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_jScansPositively :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_latitudeOfFirstGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>90.0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_latitudeOfLastGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>-90.0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_longitudeOfFirstGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>180.0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_longitudeOfLastGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>179.6</dd><dt><span>GRIB_missingValue :</span></dt><dd>9999</dd><dt><span>GRIB_name :</span></dt><dd>Skin temperature</dd><dt><span>GRIB_shortName :</span></dt><dd>skt</dd><dt><span>GRIB_totalNumber :</span></dt><dd>51</dd><dt><span>GRIB_units :</span></dt><dd>K</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Skin temperature</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>K</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>unknown</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[20295000 values with dtype=float32]</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>ro</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(number, latitude, longitude)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-291fdd20-21c2-483f-b048-ae5ddd3ab4ea' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-291fdd20-21c2-483f-b048-ae5ddd3ab4ea' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-e9f4472a-cc32-4542-be4a-5b195c2cab07' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-e9f4472a-cc32-4542-be4a-5b195c2cab07' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>GRIB_paramId :</span></dt><dd>205</dd><dt><span>GRIB_dataType :</span></dt><dd>pf</dd><dt><span>GRIB_numberOfPoints :</span></dt><dd>405900</dd><dt><span>GRIB_typeOfLevel :</span></dt><dd>surface</dd><dt><span>GRIB_stepUnits :</span></dt><dd>1</dd><dt><span>GRIB_stepType :</span></dt><dd>accum</dd><dt><span>GRIB_gridType :</span></dt><dd>regular_ll</dd><dt><span>GRIB_NV :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_Nx :</span></dt><dd>900</dd><dt><span>GRIB_Ny :</span></dt><dd>451</dd><dt><span>GRIB_cfName :</span></dt><dd>unknown</dd><dt><span>GRIB_cfVarName :</span></dt><dd>ro</dd><dt><span>GRIB_gridDefinitionDescription :</span></dt><dd>Latitude/longitude </dd><dt><span>GRIB_iDirectionIncrementInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>0.4</dd><dt><span>GRIB_iScansNegatively :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_jDirectionIncrementInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>0.4</dd><dt><span>GRIB_jPointsAreConsecutive :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_jScansPositively :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_latitudeOfFirstGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>90.0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_latitudeOfLastGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>-90.0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_longitudeOfFirstGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>180.0</dd><dt><span>GRIB_longitudeOfLastGridPointInDegrees :</span></dt><dd>179.6</dd><dt><span>GRIB_missingValue :</span></dt><dd>9999</dd><dt><span>GRIB_name :</span></dt><dd>Runoff</dd><dt><span>GRIB_shortName :</span></dt><dd>ro</dd><dt><span>GRIB_totalNumber :</span></dt><dd>51</dd><dt><span>GRIB_units :</span></dt><dd>m</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>Runoff</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m</dd><dt><span>standard_name :</span></dt><dd>unknown</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[20295000 values with dtype=float32]</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-7526c626-efe3-4e1a-931f-42afb7ad99d2' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-7526c626-efe3-4e1a-931f-42afb7ad99d2' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(7)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>GRIB_edition :</span></dt><dd>2</dd><dt><span>GRIB_centre :</span></dt><dd>ecmf</dd><dt><span>GRIB_centreDescription :</span></dt><dd>European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts</dd><dt><span>GRIB_subCentre :</span></dt><dd>0</dd><dt><span>Conventions :</span></dt><dd>CF-1.7</dd><dt><span>institution :</span></dt><dd>European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts</dd><dt><span>history :</span></dt><dd>2022-03-10T19:03 GRIB to CDM+CF via cfgrib-0.9.10.0/ecCodes-2.24.2 with {&quot;source&quot;: &quot;../../../tmp/tmpjrw62suc&quot;, &quot;filter_by_keys&quot;: {&quot;dataType&quot;: &quot;pf&quot;, &quot;typeOfLevel&quot;: &quot;surface&quot;}, &quot;encode_cf&quot;: [&quot;parameter&quot;, &quot;time&quot;, &quot;geography&quot;, &quot;vertical&quot;]}</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.Dataset>\n",
       "Dimensions:     (number: 50, latitude: 451, longitude: 900)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * number      (number) int64 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50\n",
       "    time        datetime64[ns] ...\n",
       "    step        timedelta64[ns] ...\n",
       "    surface     float64 ...\n",
       "  * latitude    (latitude) float64 90.0 89.6 89.2 88.8 ... -89.2 -89.6 -90.0\n",
       "  * longitude   (longitude) float64 -180.0 -179.6 -179.2 ... 178.8 179.2 179.6\n",
       "    valid_time  datetime64[ns] ...\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    tp          (number, latitude, longitude) float32 ...\n",
       "    sp          (number, latitude, longitude) float32 ...\n",
       "    skt         (number, latitude, longitude) float32 ...\n",
       "    ro          (number, latitude, longitude) float32 ...\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    GRIB_edition:            2\n",
       "    GRIB_centre:             ecmf\n",
       "    GRIB_centreDescription:  European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts\n",
       "    GRIB_subCentre:          0\n",
       "    Conventions:             CF-1.7\n",
       "    institution:             European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts\n",
       "    history:                 2022-03-10T19:03 GRIB to CDM+CF via cfgrib-0.9.1..."
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ds = xr.open_dataset(\n",
    "    filename,\n",
    "    engine=\"cfgrib\",\n",
    "    filter_by_keys={\"dataType\": \"pf\", \"typeOfLevel\": \"surface\"},\n",
    ")\n",
    "ds"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "9587e2fd-a23f-4790-b250-4442497a60b5",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Now we can plot the skin temperature, `skt`."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "a6aeb918-8f22-4400-bb31-e5efa3719e42",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "import cartopy.crs as ccrs\n",
    "\n",
    "projection = projection = ccrs.Robinson()\n",
    "fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(16, 9), subplot_kw=dict(projection=projection))\n",
    "\n",
    "ds.skt[0].plot(ax=ax, transform=ccrs.PlateCarree());"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "a9e7a71e-3bec-4c17-838d-8faa6bce8b37",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "There are many more streams and forecast types available. See the [catalog](http://planetarycomputer.microsoft.com/dataset/ecmwf-forecast) for more."
   ]
  }
 ],
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