diff --git a/config/default.yml b/config/default.yml
index 4ad7a0d053..4fd219ce78 100644
--- a/config/default.yml
+++ b/config/default.yml
@@ -423,6 +423,14 @@ Rails/EnumHash:
   Include:
     - app/models/**/*.rb
 
+Rails/EnumKeywordArgs:
+  Description: 'Use positional arguments over keyword arguments when defining enums.'
+  StyleGuide: 'https://rails.rubystyle.guide#enums'
+  Enabled: pending
+  VersionAdded: '<<next>>'
+  Include:
+    - app/models/**/*.rb
+
 Rails/EnumUniqueness:
   Description: 'Avoid duplicate integers in hash-syntax `enum` declaration.'
   Enabled: true
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/rails/enum_keyword_args.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/rails/enum_keyword_args.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..40e1a6453a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/rails/enum_keyword_args.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module RuboCop
+  module Cop
+    module Rails
+      # Looks for enums written with keyword arguments.
+      #
+      # Defining enums with keyword arguments is deprecated
+      # and will be removed in Rails 7.3.
+      #
+      # Positional arguments should be used instead:
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   # bad
+      #   enum status: { active: 0, archived: 1 }, _prefix: true
+      #
+      #   # good
+      #   enum :status, { active: 0, archived: 1 }, prefix: true
+      #
+      class EnumKeywordArgs < Base
+        extend AutoCorrector
+
+        MSG_ARGS = <<~MSG.chomp
+          Enum defined with keyword arguments found in `%<enum>s` enum declaration. Use positional arguments instead.
+        MSG
+        MSG_OPTS = <<~MSG.chomp
+          Enum defined with deprecated options found in `%<enum>s` enum declaration. Use options without the `_` prefix.
+        MSG
+
+        RESTRICT_ON_SEND = %i[enum].freeze
+
+        def_node_matcher :enum?, <<~PATTERN
+          (send nil? :enum (hash $...))
+        PATTERN
+
+        def_node_matcher :enum_with_options?, <<~PATTERN
+          (send nil? :enum $_ ${array hash} $_)
+        PATTERN
+
+        def_node_matcher :enum_values, <<~PATTERN
+          (pair $_ ${array hash})
+        PATTERN
+
+        def_node_matcher :enum_options, <<~PATTERN
+          (pair $_ $_)
+        PATTERN
+
+        def on_send(node)
+          check_and_correct_keyword_args(node)
+          check_enum_options(node)
+        end
+
+        private
+
+        def check_and_correct_keyword_args(node)
+          enum?(node) do |pairs|
+            pairs.each do |pair|
+              key, values = enum_values(pair)
+              next unless key
+
+              correct_keyword_args(node, key, values, pairs[1..])
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        def correct_keyword_args(node, key, values, options)
+          add_offense(values, message: format(MSG_ARGS, enum: enum_name(key))) do |corrector|
+            corrector.replace(node, "enum #{source(key)}, #{values.source}#{correct_options(options)}")
+          end
+        end
+
+        def correct_options(options)
+          corrected_options = options.map do |pair|
+            name = if pair.key.source[0] == '_'
+                     pair.key.source[1..]
+                   else
+                     pair.key.source
+                   end
+
+            "#{name}: #{pair.value.source}"
+          end.join(', ')
+          ", #{corrected_options}" unless corrected_options.empty?
+        end
+
+        def check_enum_options(node)
+          enum_with_options?(node) do |key, _, options|
+            options.children.each do |option|
+              name, = enum_options(option)
+              add_offense(name, message: format(MSG_OPTS, enum: enum_name(key))) if name.source[0] == '_'
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        def enum_name(key)
+          case key.type
+          when :sym, :str
+            key.value
+          else
+            key.source
+          end
+        end
+
+        def source(elem)
+          case elem.type
+          when :str
+            elem.value.dump
+          when :sym
+            elem.value.inspect
+          else
+            elem.source
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/rails_cops.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/rails_cops.rb
index 0d92ff4ca5..d179b2d9ae 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop/cop/rails_cops.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/rails_cops.rb
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 require_relative 'rails/dynamic_find_by'
 require_relative 'rails/eager_evaluation_log_message'
 require_relative 'rails/enum_hash'
+require_relative 'rails/enum_keyword_args'
 require_relative 'rails/enum_uniqueness'
 require_relative 'rails/env_local'
 require_relative 'rails/environment_comparison'
diff --git a/spec/rubocop/cop/rails/enum_keyword_args_spec.rb b/spec/rubocop/cop/rails/enum_keyword_args_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fd12801cd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/rubocop/cop/rails/enum_keyword_args_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+RSpec.describe RuboCop::Cop::Rails::EnumKeywordArgs, :config do
+  context 'when keyword arguments are used' do
+    context 'with %i[] syntax' do
+      it 'registers an offense' do
+        expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
+          enum status: { active: 0, archived: 1 }, _prefix: true
+                       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Enum defined with keyword arguments found in `status` enum declaration. Use positional arguments instead.
+        RUBY
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'with options prefixed with `_`' do
+      it 'registers an offense' do
+        expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
+          enum :status, { active: 0, archived: 1 }, _prefix: true, _suffix: true
+                                                                   ^^^^^^^ Enum defined with deprecated options found in `status` enum declaration. Use options without the `_` prefix.
+                                                    ^^^^^^^ Enum defined with deprecated options found in `status` enum declaration. Use options without the `_` prefix.
+        RUBY
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when the enum name is a string' do
+      it 'registers an offense' do
+        expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
+          enum "status" => { active: 0, archived: 1 }
+                           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Enum defined with keyword arguments found in `status` enum declaration. Use positional arguments instead.
+        RUBY
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when the enum name is not a literal' do
+      it 'registers an offense' do
+        expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
+          enum KEY => { active: 0, archived: 1 }
+                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Enum defined with keyword arguments found in `KEY` enum declaration. Use positional arguments instead.
+        RUBY
+      end
+    end
+
+    it 'autocorrects' do
+      expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
+        enum status: { active: 0, archived: 1 }
+                     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Enum defined with keyword arguments found in `status` enum declaration. Use positional arguments instead.
+      RUBY
+
+      expect_correction(<<~RUBY)
+        enum :status, { active: 0, archived: 1 }
+      RUBY
+    end
+
+    it 'autocorrects options too' do
+      expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
+        enum status: { active: 0, archived: 1 }, _prefix: true, _suffix: true
+                     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Enum defined with keyword arguments found in `status` enum declaration. Use positional arguments instead.
+      RUBY
+
+      expect_correction(<<~RUBY)
+        enum :status, { active: 0, archived: 1 }, prefix: true, suffix: true
+      RUBY
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'when positional arguments are used' do
+    it 'does not register an offense' do
+      expect_no_offenses('enum :status, { active: 0, archived: 1 }, prefix: true')
+    end
+  end
+end