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\BOOKMARK [2][-]{section*.1}{Preface}{}% 1
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.1}{The physics of magnetism}{}% 2
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.1.1}{What is a magnetic field?}{chapter.1}% 3
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.1.2}{Magnetic moment}{chapter.1}% 4
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.1.3}{Magnetic flux}{chapter.1}% 5
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.1.4}{Magnetic energy}{chapter.1}% 6
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.1.5}{Magnetization and magnetic susceptibility}{chapter.1}% 7
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.1.6}{Relationship of B and H}{chapter.1}% 8
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.1.7}{A brief tour of magnetic units in the cgs system}{chapter.1}% 9
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.1.8}{The magnetic potential }{chapter.1}% 10
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.1.9}{Origin of the geomagnetic field}{chapter.1}% 11
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.1.10}{Problems}{chapter.1}% 12
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.2}{The geomagnetic field}{}% 13
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.2.1}{Components of magnetic vectors}{chapter.2}% 14
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.2.2}{Reference magnetic field}{chapter.2}% 15
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.2.3}{Geocentric axial dipole \(GAD\) and other poles}{chapter.2}% 16
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.2.4}{Plotting magnetic directional data}{chapter.2}% 17
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.2.4.1}{D', I' \040transformation}{section.2.4}% 18
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.2.4.2}{Virtual geomagnetic poles}{section.2.4}% 19
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.2.4.3}{Virtual dipole moment}{section.2.4}% 20
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.2.5}{Problems}{chapter.2}% 21
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.3}{Induced and remanent magnetism}{}% 22
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.3.1}{Magnetism at the atomic level}{chapter.3}% 23
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.3.2}{Induced magnetization}{chapter.3}% 24
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.3.2.1}{Orbital contribution and diamagnetism}{section.3.2}% 25
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.3.2.2}{Role of electronic spins and paramagnetism}{section.3.2}% 26
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.3.3}{Ferromagnetism}{chapter.3}% 27
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.3.4}{Problems }{chapter.3}% 28
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.4}{Magnetic anisotropy and domains}{}% 29
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.4.1}{The magnetic energy of particles}{chapter.4}% 30
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.4.1.1}{Exchange energy}{section.4.1}% 31
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.4.1.2}{Magnetic moments and external fields}{section.4.1}% 32
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.4.1.3}{Magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy}{section.4.1}% 33
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.4.1.4}{Magnetostriction - stress anisotropy}{section.4.1}% 34
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.4.1.5}{Magnetostatic \(shape\) anisotropy}{section.4.1}% 35
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.4.1.6}{Magnetic energy and magnetic stability}{section.4.1}% 36
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.4.2}{Magnetic domains}{chapter.4}% 37
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.4.3}{Thermal energy}{chapter.4}% 38
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.4.4}{Putting it all together}{chapter.4}% 39
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.4.5}{Problems}{chapter.4}% 40
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.5}{Magnetic hysteresis}{}% 41
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.5.1}{The ``flipping'' field}{chapter.5}% 42
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.5.2}{Hysteresis loops}{chapter.5}% 43
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.2.1}{Uniaxial anisotropy}{section.5.2}% 44
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.2.2}{Magnetic susceptibility}{section.5.2}% 45
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.2.3}{Cubic anisotropy}{section.5.2}% 46
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.2.4}{Superparamagnetic particles}{section.5.2}% 47
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.2.5}{Particles with domain walls}{section.5.2}% 48
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.5.3}{Hysteresis of mixtures of SP, SD and MD grains}{chapter.5}% 49
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.5.4}{First order reversal curves}{chapter.5}% 50
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.5.5}{Problems}{chapter.5}% 51
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.6}{Magnetic mineralogy}{}% 52
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.6.1}{Iron-oxides}{chapter.6}% 53
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.6.1.1}{Titanomagnetites Fe3-xTixO4}{section.6.1}% 54
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.6.1.2}{Hematite-Ilmenite Fe2-yTiyO3}{section.6.1}% 55
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.6.1.3}{Oxidation of \(titano\)magnetites to \(titano\)maghemites}{section.6.1}% 56
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.6.2}{Iron-oxyhydroxides and iron-sulfides}{chapter.6}% 57
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.6.3}{FeTi oxides in igneous rocks}{chapter.6}% 58
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.6.4}{Magnetic mineralogy of soils and sediments}{chapter.6}% 59
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.6.5}{Problems}{chapter.6}% 60
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.7}{How rocks get and stay magnetized}{}% 61
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.7.1}{The concept of dynamic equilibrium}{chapter.7}% 62
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.7.2}{Essential N\351el theory}{chapter.7}% 63
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.7.3}{Viscous remanent magnetization}{chapter.7}% 64
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.7.4}{Thermal remanent magnetization}{chapter.7}% 65
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.7.5}{Chemical remanent magnetization}{chapter.7}% 66
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.7.6}{Detrital remanent magnetization}{chapter.7}% 67
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.7.6.1}{Physical alignment of magnetic moments in viscous fluids}{section.7.6}% 68
\BOOKMARK [3][-]{section*.3}{Non-flocculating environments}{subsection.7.6.1}% 69
\BOOKMARK [3][-]{section*.4}{Flocculating environments}{subsection.7.6.1}% 70
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.7.6.2}{Post-depositional processes}{section.7.6}% 71
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.7.6.3}{Inclination Error}{section.7.6}% 72
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.7.7}{Isothermal remanent magnetization}{chapter.7}% 73
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.7.8}{Thermo-viscous remanent magnetization}{chapter.7}% 74
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.7.9}{Natural remanent magnetization}{chapter.7}% 75
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.7.10}{Artificial remanences }{chapter.7}% 76
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.7.11}{Problems}{chapter.7}% 77
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.8}{Applied rock \(environmental\) magnetism}{}% 78
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.8.1}{Images}{chapter.8}% 79
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.8.2}{Critical temperatures}{chapter.8}% 80
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.8.3}{Magnetic susceptibility}{chapter.8}% 81
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.8.3.1}{Measurement of magnetic susceptibility}{section.8.3}% 82
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.8.3.2}{Temperature dependence}{section.8.3}% 83
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.8.3.3}{Frequency dependence}{section.8.3}% 84
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.8.3.4}{Outcrop measurements}{section.8.3}% 85
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.8.4}{Magnetization}{chapter.8}% 86
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.8.4.1}{Magnetic interactions: IRM and ARM techniques}{section.8.4}% 87
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.8.4.2}{IRM ``unmixing''}{section.8.4}% 88
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.8.4.3}{Combining thermal and isothermal information for rock magnetic characterization}{section.8.4}% 89
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.8.5}{Hysteresis parameters}{chapter.8}% 90
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.8.5.1}{The building blocks of hysteresis loops}{section.8.5}% 91
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.8.5.2}{Hysteresis behavior of mixtures}{section.8.5}% 92
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.8.6}{Trends in parameters with grain size}{chapter.8}% 93
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.8.7}{Ratios}{chapter.8}% 94
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.8.8}{Applications of rock magnetism}{chapter.8}% 95
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.8.8.1}{Paleoclimatic information from lake sediments}{section.8.8}% 96
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.8.8.2}{Paramagnetic contributions to magnetic susceptibility}{section.8.8}% 97
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.8.8.3}{Separation of two superparamagnetic particle size distributions}{section.8.8}% 98
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.8.8.4}{Identification of biogenic magnetite in natural samples}{section.8.8}% 99
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.8.9}{Concluding remarks}{chapter.8}% 100
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.8.10}{Problems}{chapter.8}% 101
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.9}{ Getting a paleomagnetic direction}{}% 102
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.9.1}{Paleomagnetic sampling}{chapter.9}% 103
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.9.1.1}{Types of samples}{section.9.1}% 104
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.9.1.2}{Orientation in the field}{section.9.1}% 105
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.9.1.3}{A note on terminology}{section.9.1}% 106
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.9.2}{Measurement of magnetic remanence}{chapter.9}% 107
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.9.3}{Changing coordinate systems}{chapter.9}% 108
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.9.4}{Demagnetization techniques}{chapter.9}% 109
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.9.5}{Estimating directions from demagnetization data}{chapter.9}% 110
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.9.6}{Vector difference sum}{chapter.9}% 111
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.9.7}{Best-fit lines and planes}{chapter.9}% 112
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.9.8}{Field strategies}{chapter.9}% 113
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.9.9}{Problems}{chapter.9}% 114
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.10}{Paleointensity}{}% 115
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.10.1}{Paleointensity with TRMs}{chapter.10}% 116
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.10.1.1}{Stepwise heating family of experiments}{section.10.1}% 117
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.10.1.2}{Reducing the effect of heating}{section.10.1}% 118
\BOOKMARK [3][-]{section*.5}{Controlled atomospheres}{subsection.10.1.2}% 119
\BOOKMARK [3][-]{section*.6}{Perpendicular field method}{subsection.10.1.2}% 120
\BOOKMARK [3][-]{section*.7}{Multi-specimen techniques}{subsection.10.1.2}% 121
\BOOKMARK [3][-]{section*.8}{Shaw family of experiments}{subsection.10.1.2}% 122
\BOOKMARK [3][-]{section*.9}{Use of microwaves for thermal excitation}{subsection.10.1.2}% 123
\BOOKMARK [3][-]{section*.10}{Using materials resistant to alteration}{subsection.10.1.2}% 124
\BOOKMARK [3][-]{section*.11}{Use of IRM normalization}{subsection.10.1.2}% 125
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.10.1.3}{Quality assurance and data selection}{section.10.1}% 126
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.10.2}{Paleointensity with DRMs}{chapter.10}% 127
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.10.3}{Problems}{chapter.10}% 128
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.11}{Fisher statistics}{}% 129
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.11.1}{The normal distribution}{chapter.11}% 130
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.11.2}{Statistics of vectors}{chapter.11}% 131
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.11.2.1}{Estimation of Fisher statistics}{section.11.2}% 132
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.11.2.2}{Some illustrations}{section.11.2}% 133
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.11.3}{Significance Tests}{chapter.11}% 134
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.11.3.1}{Watson's test for randomness}{section.11.3}% 135
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.11.3.2}{Comparison of precision }{section.11.3}% 136
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.11.3.3}{Comparing known and estimated directions}{section.11.3}% 137
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.11.3.4}{Comparing two estimated directions}{section.11.3}% 138
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.11.3.5}{Combining directions and great circles}{section.11.3}% 139
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.11.4}{Inclination only data}{chapter.11}% 140
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.11.5}{Is a given data set Fisher distributed?}{chapter.11}% 141
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.11.6}{Problems}{chapter.11}% 142
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.12}{Beyond Fisher statistics}{}% 143
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.12.1}{Non-Fisherian parametric approaches}{chapter.12}% 144
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.12.1.1}{The Kent distribution}{section.12.1}% 145
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.12.1.2}{The Bingham distribution}{section.12.1}% 146
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.12.1.3}{The Bingham-LeGoff approximation}{section.12.1}% 147
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.12.1.4}{The Bi-Gaussian distribution}{section.12.1}% 148
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.12.2}{The simple \(na\357ve\) bootstrap}{chapter.12}% 149
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.12.3}{The parametric bootstrap}{chapter.12}% 150
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.12.4}{When are two data sets distinct?}{chapter.12}% 151
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.12.5}{Application to the ``reversals test''}{chapter.12}% 152
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.12.6}{Application to the ``fold test''}{chapter.12}% 153
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.12.7}{Problems}{chapter.12}% 154
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.13}{Paleomagnetic tensors}{}% 155
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.13.1}{Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility}{chapter.13}% 156
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.13.2}{Hext Statistics}{chapter.13}% 157
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.13.2.1}{Hext confidence ellipses}{section.13.2}% 158
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.13.2.2}{Hext F statistics for significance of eigenvalue ratios}{section.13.2}% 159
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.13.3}{Limitations of Hext statistics}{chapter.13}% 160
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.13.4}{Bootstrap confidence ellipses}{chapter.13}% 161
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.13.5}{Comparing mean eigenvectors with other axes}{chapter.13}% 162
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.13.6}{Shape}{chapter.13}% 163
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.13.7}{Anisotropy of magnetic remanence}{chapter.13}% 164
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.13.7.1}{Anisotropy of ARM and TRM}{section.13.7}% 165
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.13.7.2}{Anisotropy of DRM}{section.13.7}% 166
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.13.8}{Problems}{chapter.13}% 167
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.14}{The ancient geomagnetic field}{}% 168
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.14.1}{Historical measurements}{chapter.14}% 169
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.14.2}{Archaeo- and paleomagnetic records}{chapter.14}% 170
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.14.2.1}{Pioneers in paleomagnetism}{section.14.2}% 171
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.14.2.2}{The last seven millenia}{section.14.2}% 172
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.14.2.3}{Westward drift}{section.14.2}% 173
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.14.2.4}{The more distant past}{section.14.2}% 174
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.14.3}{Time series of paleomagnetic data}{chapter.14}% 175
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.14.3.1}{Excursions}{section.14.3}% 176
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.14.3.2}{Reversals}{section.14.3}% 177
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.14.4}{Geomagnetic polarity time scale \205 a first look}{chapter.14}% 178
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.14.5}{The time averaged field}{chapter.14}% 179
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.14.6}{Long term changes in paleointensity}{chapter.14}% 180
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.14.7}{Statistical models of paleosecular variation}{chapter.14}% 181
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.14.8}{Problems}{chapter.14}% 182
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.15}{The GPTS and magnetostratigraphy}{}% 183
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.15.1}{Early efforts in defining the GPTS}{chapter.15}% 184
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.15.1.1}{The addition of biostratigraphy}{section.15.1}% 185
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.15.1.2}{Astrochronology}{section.15.1}% 186
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.15.1.3}{ A note on terminology}{section.15.1}% 187
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.15.2}{Current status of the geological time scale}{chapter.15}% 188
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.15.3}{Applications}{chapter.15}% 189
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.15.3.1}{Dating geological sequences}{section.15.3}% 190
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.15.3.2}{Measuring rates}{section.15.3}% 191
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.15.3.3}{Tracing of magnetic isochrons}{section.15.3}% 192
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.15.4}{Problems}{chapter.15}% 193
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.16}{Tectonic applications of paleomagnetism}{}% 194
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.16.1}{Essentials of plate tectonic theory}{chapter.16}% 195
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.16.2}{Poles and apparent polar wander}{chapter.16}% 196
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.16.3}{The Gondwana APWP}{chapter.16}% 197
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.16.4}{Inclination shallowing and GAD}{chapter.16}% 198
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.16.5}{Paleomagnetism and plate reconstructions}{chapter.16}% 199
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.16.6}{Discordant poles and displaced terranes}{chapter.16}% 200
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.16.7}{Inclination only data and APWPs}{chapter.16}% 201
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.16.8}{Concluding remarks}{chapter.16}% 202
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.16.9}{Problems}{chapter.16}% 203
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{section*.12}{Appendices}{}% 204
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{appendix.A}{Definitions, derivations and tricks}{}% 205
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.A.1}{Definitions}{appendix.A}% 206
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.A.2}{Derivations}{appendix.A}% 207
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.A.2.1}{Langevin function for a paramagnetic substance}{section.A.2}% 208
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.A.2.2}{Superparamagnetism}{section.A.2}% 209
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.A.3}{Useful tricks}{appendix.A}% 210
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.A.3.1}{Spherical trigonometry}{section.A.3}% 211
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.A.3.2}{Vector addition}{section.A.3}% 212
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.A.3.3}{Vector subtraction}{section.A.3}% 213
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.A.3.4}{Vector multiplication}{section.A.3}% 214
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.A.3.5}{Tricks with tensors}{section.A.3}% 215
\BOOKMARK [3][-]{section*.13}{Direction cosines}{subsection.A.3.5}% 216
\BOOKMARK [3][-]{section*.14}{Changing coordinate systems}{subsection.A.3.5}% 217
\BOOKMARK [3][-]{section*.15}{Method for rotating points on a globe using finite rotation poles}{subsection.A.3.5}% 218
\BOOKMARK [3][-]{section*.16}{The orientation tensor and eigenvectors}{subsection.A.3.5}% 219
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.A.3.6}{Upside down triangles, }{section.A.3}% 220
\BOOKMARK [3][-]{section*.17}{Gradient}{subsection.A.3.6}% 221
\BOOKMARK [3][-]{section*.18}{Divergence}{subsection.A.3.6}% 222
\BOOKMARK [3][-]{section*.19}{Curl}{subsection.A.3.6}% 223
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.A.3.7}{The statistical bootstrap}{section.A.3}% 224
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.A.3.8}{Directions using a sun compass}{section.A.3}% 225
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{appendix.B}{Plots useful in paleomagnetism}{}% 226
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.B.1}{Equal area projections}{appendix.B}% 227
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.B.1.1}{Calculation of an equal area projection}{section.B.1}% 228
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.B.1.2}{Plotting directions}{section.B.1}% 229
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.B.1.3}{Bedding-tilt corrections}{section.B.1}% 230
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.B.1.4}{Reading ternary diagrams}{section.B.1}% 231
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.B.1.5}{Quantile-Quantile plots}{section.B.1}% 232
\BOOKMARK [3][-]{section*.20}{Q-Q plots for Fisher distributions}{subsection.B.1.5}% 233
\BOOKMARK [3][-]{section*.21}{Q-Q plots for normal distributions}{subsection.B.1.5}% 234
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{appendix.C}{Paleomagnetic statistics and parameter estimation}{}% 235
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.C.1}{Hysteresis Parameters}{appendix.C}% 236
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.C.2}{Directional statistics}{appendix.C}% 237
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.C.2.1}{Calculation of Watson's Vw}{section.C.2}% 238
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.C.2.2}{Combining lines and planes}{section.C.2}% 239
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.C.2.3}{Inclination only calculation}{section.C.2}% 240
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.C.2.4}{Kent 95\045 confidence ellipse}{section.C.2}% 241
\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.C.2.5}{Bingham 95\045 confidence parameters}{section.C.2}% 242
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.C.3}{Paleointensity statistics}{appendix.C}% 243
\BOOKMARK [0][-]{appendix.D}{Anisotropy in paleomagnetism}{}% 244
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.D.1}{The 15 measurement protocol}{appendix.D}% 245
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.D.2}{The spinning protocol}{appendix.D}% 246
\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.D.3}{Correction of inclination error with AARM}{appendix.D}% 247