Allow specifying an explicit format in parse_date/parse_time

[tomasr8]

Closes #1090

This uses parse_pattern internally when a custom format is used.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 91.27%. Comparing base (f91754b) to head (e01ec55).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #1131      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   91.26%   91.27%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files          27       27              
  Lines        4602     4609       +7     
==========================================
+ Hits         4200     4207       +7     
  Misses        402      402              

Flag	Coverage Δ
macos-12-3.10	90.08% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
macos-12-3.11	90.01% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
macos-12-3.12	90.19% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
macos-12-3.13-dev	89.71% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
macos-12-3.8	90.01% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
macos-12-3.9	90.01% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
macos-12-pypy3.10	90.08% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
ubuntu-22.04-3.10	90.10% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
ubuntu-22.04-3.11	90.04% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
ubuntu-22.04-3.12	90.21% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
ubuntu-22.04-3.13-dev	89.73% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
ubuntu-22.04-3.8	90.03% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
ubuntu-22.04-3.9	90.03% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
ubuntu-22.04-pypy3.10	90.10% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
windows-2022-3.10	90.22% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
windows-2022-3.11	90.16% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
windows-2022-3.12	90.33% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
windows-2022-3.13-dev	89.85% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
windows-2022-3.8	90.15% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
windows-2022-3.9	90.15% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
windows-2022-pypy3.10	90.22% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️

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