diff --git a/.chloggen/immutable-instance-id.yaml b/.chloggen/immutable-instance-id.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d73277062ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.chloggen/immutable-instance-id.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Use this changelog template to create an entry for release notes.
+
+# One of 'breaking', 'deprecation', 'new_component', 'enhancement', 'bug_fix'
+change_type: 'breaking'
+
+# The name of the component, or a single word describing the area of concern, (e.g. otlpreceiver)
+component: component
+
+# A brief description of the change.  Surround your text with quotes ("") if it needs to start with a backtick (`).
+note: Make InstanceID immutable. This hides previously exported fields, making it a breaking change.
+
+# One or more tracking issues or pull requests related to the change
+issues: [10494]
+
+# (Optional) One or more lines of additional information to render under the primary note.
+# These lines will be padded with 2 spaces and then inserted directly into the document.
+# Use pipe (|) for multiline entries.
+subtext:
+
+# Optional: The change log or logs in which this entry should be included.
+# e.g. '[user]' or '[user, api]'
+# Include 'user' if the change is relevant to end users.
+# Include 'api' if there is a change to a library API.
+# Default: '[user]'
+change_logs: []
diff --git a/component/component.go b/component/component.go
index f5f68b57290..8aba8658c2a 100644
--- a/component/component.go
+++ b/component/component.go
@@ -190,9 +190,54 @@ func (f CreateDefaultConfigFunc) CreateDefaultConfig() Config {
 	return f()
 }
 
-// InstanceID uniquely identifies a component instance
+// InstanceID uniquely identifies a component instance.
 type InstanceID struct {
-	ID          ID
-	Kind        Kind
-	PipelineIDs map[ID]struct{}
+	componentID ID
+	kind        Kind
+	pipelineIDs map[ID]struct{}
+}
+
+// ComponentID returns the ComponentID associated with this instance.
+func (id InstanceID) ComponentID() ID {
+	return id.componentID
+}
+
+// Kind returns the component Kind associated with this instance.
+func (id InstanceID) Kind() Kind {
+	return id.kind
+}
+
+// PipelineIDs returns a set of PipelineIDs associated with this instance.
+func (id InstanceID) PipelineIDs() map[ID]struct{} {
+	return id.pipelineIDs
+}
+
+// NewInstanceID returns an ID that uniquely identifies a component.
+func NewInstanceID(componentID ID, kind Kind, pipelineIDs ...ID) *InstanceID {
+	instanceID := InstanceID{
+		componentID: componentID,
+		kind:        kind,
+		pipelineIDs: make(map[ID]struct{}, len(pipelineIDs)),
+	}
+	for _, pid := range pipelineIDs {
+		instanceID.pipelineIDs[pid] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	return &instanceID
+}
+
+// InstanceIDWithPipelines derives a new InstanceID from id with additional
+// pipelineIDs added to it.
+func InstanceIDWithPipelines(id *InstanceID, pipelineIDs ...ID) *InstanceID {
+	instanceID := InstanceID{
+		componentID: id.ComponentID(),
+		kind:        id.Kind(),
+		pipelineIDs: make(map[ID]struct{}, len(id.PipelineIDs())+len(pipelineIDs)),
+	}
+	for pid := range id.PipelineIDs() {
+		instanceID.pipelineIDs[pid] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	for _, pid := range pipelineIDs {
+		instanceID.pipelineIDs[pid] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	return &instanceID
 }
diff --git a/component/component_test.go b/component/component_test.go
index 8b694fb4303..828357958cb 100644
--- a/component/component_test.go
+++ b/component/component_test.go
@@ -29,3 +29,27 @@ func TestStabilityLevelString(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.EqualValues(t, "Stable", StabilityLevelStable.String())
 	assert.EqualValues(t, "", StabilityLevel(100).String())
 }
+
+func TestInstanceID(t *testing.T) {
+	traces := MustNewID("traces")
+	metrics := MustNewID("metrics")
+	logs := MustNewID("logs")
+	receiver := MustNewID("receiver")
+
+	id1 := NewInstanceID(receiver, KindReceiver, traces)
+	id2 := InstanceIDWithPipelines(id1, metrics, logs)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, receiver, id1.ComponentID())
+	assert.Equal(t, KindReceiver, id1.Kind())
+	assert.Equal(t, map[ID]struct{}{
+		traces: {},
+	}, id1.pipelineIDs)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, receiver, id2.ComponentID())
+	assert.Equal(t, KindReceiver, id2.Kind())
+	assert.Equal(t, map[ID]struct{}{
+		traces:  {},
+		metrics: {},
+		logs:    {},
+	}, id2.pipelineIDs)
+}
diff --git a/otelcol/collector_test.go b/otelcol/collector_test.go
index e1a2356a553..68ab844fcd7 100644
--- a/otelcol/collector_test.go
+++ b/otelcol/collector_test.go
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ func TestComponentStatusWatcher(t *testing.T) {
 	changedComponents := map[*component.InstanceID][]component.Status{}
 	var mux sync.Mutex
 	onStatusChanged := func(source *component.InstanceID, event *component.StatusEvent) {
-		if source.ID.Type() != unhealthyProcessorFactory.Type() {
+		if source.ComponentID().Type() != unhealthyProcessorFactory.Type() {
 			return
 		}
 		mux.Lock()
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ func TestComponentStatusWatcher(t *testing.T) {
 
 		for k, v := range changedComponents {
 			// All processors must report a status change with the same ID
-			assert.EqualValues(t, component.NewID(unhealthyProcessorFactory.Type()), k.ID)
+			assert.EqualValues(t, component.NewID(unhealthyProcessorFactory.Type()), k.ComponentID)
 			// And all must have a valid startup sequence
 			assert.Equal(t, startupStatuses(v), v)
 		}
diff --git a/service/extensions/extensions.go b/service/extensions/extensions.go
index c8f632965ca..eb728cc2e22 100644
--- a/service/extensions/extensions.go
+++ b/service/extensions/extensions.go
@@ -179,10 +179,7 @@ func New(ctx context.Context, set Settings, cfg Config) (*Extensions, error) {
 		extensionIDs: make([]component.ID, 0, len(cfg)),
 	}
 	for _, extID := range cfg {
-		instanceID := &component.InstanceID{
-			ID:   extID,
-			Kind: component.KindExtension,
-		}
+		instanceID := component.NewInstanceID(extID, component.KindExtension)
 		extSet := extension.Settings{
 			ID:                extID,
 			TelemetrySettings: set.Telemetry.ToComponentTelemetrySettings(instanceID),
diff --git a/service/internal/graph/graph.go b/service/internal/graph/graph.go
index cbf7e8538c5..5058486424c 100644
--- a/service/internal/graph/graph.go
+++ b/service/internal/graph/graph.go
@@ -193,47 +193,37 @@ func (g *Graph) createNodes(set Settings) error {
 func (g *Graph) createReceiver(pipelineID, recvID component.ID) *receiverNode {
 	rcvrNode := newReceiverNode(pipelineID.Type(), recvID)
 	if node := g.componentGraph.Node(rcvrNode.ID()); node != nil {
-		g.instanceIDs[node.ID()].PipelineIDs[pipelineID] = struct{}{}
+		instanceID := g.instanceIDs[node.ID()]
+		g.instanceIDs[node.ID()] = component.InstanceIDWithPipelines(instanceID, pipelineID)
 		return node.(*receiverNode)
 	}
 	g.componentGraph.AddNode(rcvrNode)
-	g.instanceIDs[rcvrNode.ID()] = &component.InstanceID{
-		ID:   recvID,
-		Kind: component.KindReceiver,
-		PipelineIDs: map[component.ID]struct{}{
-			pipelineID: {},
-		},
-	}
+	g.instanceIDs[rcvrNode.ID()] = component.NewInstanceID(
+		recvID, component.KindReceiver, pipelineID,
+	)
 	return rcvrNode
 }
 
 func (g *Graph) createProcessor(pipelineID, procID component.ID) *processorNode {
 	procNode := newProcessorNode(pipelineID, procID)
 	g.componentGraph.AddNode(procNode)
-	g.instanceIDs[procNode.ID()] = &component.InstanceID{
-		ID:   procID,
-		Kind: component.KindProcessor,
-		PipelineIDs: map[component.ID]struct{}{
-			pipelineID: {},
-		},
-	}
+	g.instanceIDs[procNode.ID()] = component.NewInstanceID(
+		procID, component.KindProcessor, pipelineID,
+	)
 	return procNode
 }
 
 func (g *Graph) createExporter(pipelineID, exprID component.ID) *exporterNode {
 	expNode := newExporterNode(pipelineID.Type(), exprID)
 	if node := g.componentGraph.Node(expNode.ID()); node != nil {
-		g.instanceIDs[expNode.ID()].PipelineIDs[pipelineID] = struct{}{}
+		instanceID := g.instanceIDs[expNode.ID()]
+		g.instanceIDs[expNode.ID()] = component.InstanceIDWithPipelines(instanceID, pipelineID)
 		return node.(*exporterNode)
 	}
 	g.componentGraph.AddNode(expNode)
-	g.instanceIDs[expNode.ID()] = &component.InstanceID{
-		ID:   expNode.componentID,
-		Kind: component.KindExporter,
-		PipelineIDs: map[component.ID]struct{}{
-			pipelineID: {},
-		},
-	}
+	g.instanceIDs[expNode.ID()] = component.NewInstanceID(
+		expNode.componentID, component.KindExporter, pipelineID,
+	)
 	return expNode
 }
 
@@ -241,19 +231,16 @@ func (g *Graph) createConnector(exprPipelineID, rcvrPipelineID, connID component
 	connNode := newConnectorNode(exprPipelineID.Type(), rcvrPipelineID.Type(), connID)
 	if node := g.componentGraph.Node(connNode.ID()); node != nil {
 		instanceID := g.instanceIDs[connNode.ID()]
-		instanceID.PipelineIDs[exprPipelineID] = struct{}{}
-		instanceID.PipelineIDs[rcvrPipelineID] = struct{}{}
+		g.instanceIDs[connNode.ID()] = component.InstanceIDWithPipelines(
+			instanceID, exprPipelineID, rcvrPipelineID,
+		)
 		return node.(*connectorNode)
 	}
 	g.componentGraph.AddNode(connNode)
-	g.instanceIDs[connNode.ID()] = &component.InstanceID{
-		ID:   connNode.componentID,
-		Kind: component.KindConnector,
-		PipelineIDs: map[component.ID]struct{}{
-			exprPipelineID: {},
-			rcvrPipelineID: {},
-		},
-	}
+
+	g.instanceIDs[connNode.ID()] = component.NewInstanceID(
+		connNode.componentID, component.KindConnector, exprPipelineID, rcvrPipelineID,
+	)
 	return connNode
 }
 
diff --git a/service/internal/graph/graph_test.go b/service/internal/graph/graph_test.go
index 68ba9f04bed..b639eca534c 100644
--- a/service/internal/graph/graph_test.go
+++ b/service/internal/graph/graph_test.go
@@ -2215,12 +2215,12 @@ func TestStatusReportedOnStartupShutdown(t *testing.T) {
 	eSdErr := &testNode{id: component.MustNewIDWithName("e_sd_err", "1"), shutdownErr: assert.AnError}
 
 	instanceIDs := map[*testNode]*component.InstanceID{
-		rNoErr: {ID: rNoErr.id},
-		rStErr: {ID: rStErr.id},
-		rSdErr: {ID: rSdErr.id},
-		eNoErr: {ID: eNoErr.id},
-		eStErr: {ID: eStErr.id},
-		eSdErr: {ID: eSdErr.id},
+		rNoErr: component.NewInstanceID(rNoErr.id, component.KindReceiver),
+		rStErr: component.NewInstanceID(rStErr.id, component.KindReceiver),
+		rSdErr: component.NewInstanceID(rSdErr.id, component.KindReceiver),
+		eNoErr: component.NewInstanceID(eNoErr.id, component.KindExporter),
+		eStErr: component.NewInstanceID(eStErr.id, component.KindExporter),
+		eSdErr: component.NewInstanceID(eSdErr.id, component.KindExporter),
 	}
 
 	// compare two maps of status events ignoring timestamp