diff --git a/ferveo/src/api.rs b/ferveo/src/api.rs
index c8a9f6c3..32ec9f30 100644
--- a/ferveo/src/api.rs
+++ b/ferveo/src/api.rs
@@ -246,7 +246,12 @@ impl Dkg {
         for (validator, transcript) in messages {
             self.0.deal(validator, transcript)?;
         }
-        Ok(AggregatedTranscript(crate::pvss::aggregate(&self.0.vss)?))
+        let pvss = messages
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(_, t)| t)
+            .cloned()
+            .collect::<Vec<PubliclyVerifiableSS<E>>>();
+        Ok(AggregatedTranscript(crate::pvss::aggregate(&pvss)?))
     }
 
     pub fn public_params(&self) -> DkgPublicParameters {
@@ -269,8 +274,12 @@ pub struct AggregatedTranscript(PubliclyVerifiableSS<E, crate::Aggregated>);
 
 impl AggregatedTranscript {
     pub fn new(messages: &[ValidatorMessage]) -> Result<Self> {
-        let pvss_map = make_pvss_map(messages);
-        Ok(AggregatedTranscript(crate::pvss::aggregate(&pvss_map)?))
+        let pvss_list = messages
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(_, t)| t)
+            .cloned()
+            .collect::<Vec<PubliclyVerifiableSS<E>>>();
+        Ok(AggregatedTranscript(crate::pvss::aggregate(&pvss_list)?))
     }
 
     pub fn verify(
diff --git a/ferveo/src/dkg.rs b/ferveo/src/dkg.rs
index 8259e5c3..3bba9b47 100644
--- a/ferveo/src/dkg.rs
+++ b/ferveo/src/dkg.rs
@@ -178,8 +178,9 @@ impl<E: Pairing> PubliclyVerifiableDkg<E> {
         match self.state {
             DkgState::Dealt => {
                 let public_key = self.public_key();
+                let pvss_list = self.vss.values().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();
                 Ok(Message::Aggregate(Aggregation {
-                    vss: aggregate(&self.vss)?,
+                    vss: aggregate(&pvss_list)?,
                     public_key,
                 }))
             }
diff --git a/ferveo/src/lib.rs b/ferveo/src/lib.rs
index f2eb357a..a7e5e7a4 100644
--- a/ferveo/src/lib.rs
+++ b/ferveo/src/lib.rs
@@ -152,7 +152,8 @@ mod test_dkg_full {
         Vec<DecryptionShareSimple<E>>,
         SharedSecret<E>,
     ) {
-        let pvss_aggregated = aggregate(&dkg.vss).unwrap();
+        let pvss_list = dkg.vss.values().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let pvss_aggregated = aggregate(&pvss_list).unwrap();
         assert!(pvss_aggregated.verify_aggregation(dkg).is_ok());
 
         let decryption_shares: Vec<DecryptionShareSimple<E>> =
@@ -247,7 +248,8 @@ mod test_dkg_full {
         )
         .unwrap();
 
-        let pvss_aggregated = aggregate(&dkg.vss).unwrap();
+        let pvss_list = dkg.vss.values().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let pvss_aggregated = aggregate(&pvss_list).unwrap();
         pvss_aggregated.verify_aggregation(&dkg).unwrap();
         let domain_points = dkg
             .domain
@@ -434,7 +436,8 @@ mod test_dkg_full {
 
                 // Creates updated private key shares
                 // TODO: Why not using dkg.aggregate()?
-                let pvss_aggregated = aggregate(&dkg.vss).unwrap();
+                let pvss_list = dkg.vss.values().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+                let pvss_aggregated = aggregate(&pvss_list).unwrap();
                 pvss_aggregated
                     .update_private_key_share_for_recovery(
                         &decryption_key,
@@ -465,7 +468,9 @@ mod test_dkg_full {
                 .enumerate()
                 .map(|(share_index, validator_keypair)| {
                     // TODO: Why not using dkg.aggregate()?
-                    let pvss_aggregated = aggregate(&dkg.vss).unwrap();
+                    let pvss_list =
+                        dkg.vss.values().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+                    let pvss_aggregated = aggregate(&pvss_list).unwrap();
                     pvss_aggregated
                         .make_decryption_share_simple(
                             &ciphertext.header().unwrap(),
@@ -577,7 +582,8 @@ mod test_dkg_full {
 
                 // Creates updated private key shares
                 // TODO: Why not using dkg.aggregate()?
-                let pvss_aggregated = aggregate(&dkg.vss).unwrap();
+                let pvss_list = dkg.vss.values().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+                let pvss_aggregated = aggregate(&pvss_list).unwrap();
                 pvss_aggregated
                     .update_private_key_share_for_recovery(
                         &decryption_key,
diff --git a/ferveo/src/pvss.rs b/ferveo/src/pvss.rs
index 60910158..07328620 100644
--- a/ferveo/src/pvss.rs
+++ b/ferveo/src/pvss.rs
@@ -382,9 +382,9 @@ impl<E: Pairing, T: Aggregate> PubliclyVerifiableSS<E, T> {
 /// into a new PVSS instance
 /// See: https://nikkolasg.github.io/ferveo/pvss.html?highlight=aggregate#aggregation
 pub(crate) fn aggregate<E: Pairing>(
-    pvss_map: &PVSSMap<E>,
+    pvss_list: &[PubliclyVerifiableSS<E>],
 ) -> Result<PubliclyVerifiableSS<E, Aggregated>> {
-    let mut pvss_iter = pvss_map.values();
+    let mut pvss_iter = pvss_list.iter();
     let first_pvss = pvss_iter
         .next()
         .ok_or_else(|| Error::NoTranscriptsToAggregate)?;
@@ -494,6 +494,7 @@ mod test_pvss {
         assert!(!bad_pvss.verify_full(&dkg));
     }
 
+    // TODO: Move this code to dkg.rs
     /// Check that the canonical share indices of validators are expected and enforced
     /// by the DKG methods.
     #[test]
@@ -526,7 +527,8 @@ mod test_pvss {
     #[test]
     fn test_aggregate_pvss() {
         let (dkg, _) = setup_dealt_dkg();
-        let aggregate = aggregate(&dkg.vss).unwrap();
+        let pvss_list = dkg.vss.values().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let aggregate = aggregate(&pvss_list).unwrap();
         // Check that a polynomial of the correct degree was created
         assert_eq!(
             aggregate.coeffs.len(),
@@ -547,10 +549,12 @@ mod test_pvss {
     #[test]
     fn test_verify_aggregation_fails_if_constant_term_wrong() {
         let (dkg, _) = setup_dealt_dkg();
-        let mut aggregated = aggregate(&dkg.vss).unwrap();
+        let pvss_list = dkg.vss.values().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let mut aggregated = aggregate(&pvss_list).unwrap();
         while aggregated.coeffs[0] == G1::zero() {
             let (dkg, _) = setup_dkg(0);
-            aggregated = aggregate(&dkg.vss).unwrap();
+            let pvss_list = dkg.vss.values().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            aggregated = aggregate(&pvss_list).unwrap();
         }
         aggregated.coeffs[0] = G1::zero();
         assert_eq!(