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yuki-js

A tiny subset of javascript allowing only numbers, arrays of numbers, subroutines (not functions), configurable constraints and externally provided functions.

It is intended to be used by projects that want to allow limited user scripting with various constraints around memory and etc, eg for a fantasy console project

This is an alpha release!

install

npm install yuki-js

example

In the examples folder you will find Pong implemented in yuki-js, with constraints set up to mirror the Fairchild Channel F:

pong

The fantasy console is set up to only allow for 64 bytes worth of memory for variables to be declared, the program must find into 2048 bytes, 4 colors from a fixed palette of 8 per scanline, etc.

Player 1 uses WASD, Player 2 uses arrow keys

When a player wins a match their color will fill the screen, left or right arrow keys to start a new match

Play it here

compiling yuki-js programs

TypeScript Example | JavaScript Example

const { compile } = require( 'yuki-js' )
/*
requires an esprima-style AST - you can create one from source code
using the esprima package
*/
const yukiAst = {
  type: 'Program',
  body: [
    // statements here
  ],
  sourceType: 'module'
}

/*
main is an esprima-style AST - you can turn it back into source code
using the escodegen package
*/
const { main } = compile( yukiAst )

compile options

Pass an object as the second argument

interface CompileOptions {
  memorySize: number
  maxProgramSize: number
  instructionSize: number
  lib: Program
  requiredSubroutines: string[]
}

memorySize is the maximum size in bytes that the user-declared variables can use - any remaining memory is used for the call stack. Each function call when entered uses the amount of memory in bytes that would be required to address the program (see maxProgramSize below), and frees that memory when exited

maxProgramSize is the maximum size in bytes that the program can take up - the program size is determined by walking the AST and counting each non-literal node as instructionSize bytes, and each numeric literal as the smallest number of bits required to hold that value

instructionSize the size in bytes that each instruction uses - used by maxProgramSize, see above

lib is an esprima Program containing any external functions that the user can call from their program - only top level functions in this program will be available, not any of the variables etc.

requiredSubroutines is a list of the function names that the user program is required to implement

The default options are:

export const defaultCompileOptions: CompileOptions = {
  memorySize: 1024,
  maxProgramSize: 1024,
  instructionSize: 1,
  lib: {
    type: 'Program',
    body: [],
    sourceType: 'script'
  },
  requiredSubroutines: []
}

writing yuki-js programs

Example Program

Programs are normal JavaScript, but all const and let statements must appear at the beginning of the program - var is not supported

Only boolean literals, number literals and array literals may be assigned to a const

let statements declare the type, numbers are initialized to 0 and arrays are initialized to a fixed-length array of the specified length

Because this is a memory constrained system, a wider range of int and uint types than usual are provided for ease of use.

You can specify any number of bits from 2-32 for a number:

let a = Uint5
let b = Int23

Numbers are initialized to 0

An array is declared by providing a single argument for its length:

let values = Uint17( 10 )

Arrays are filled with 0

All numeric and logical operators are supported

Control flow consists of break, continue and if...else statements

Functions are implemented as subroutines - they cannot be nested, take parameters, contain local variables or return anything, although the return statement with no argument is allowed anywhere in the function body.

Iteration consists of do...while, for and while statements

When assigning to a numeric variable or array index, the value provided is coerced to an acceptable value using rules similar to C, eg out of range numbers wrap around, signed and unsigned are converted as though they had the same bit pattern etc

const a = 1
const b = 2
const c = [ 1, 2, 3 ]
const d = false
const e = [ true, false, true ]

let f = Uint8
let g = Int16
let h = Int16
let i = Int16( 3 )
let j = Bool
let length = Int16
let left = Int8
let right = Int8
let sum = Int8

f = 10
g = 5
h = f + g

i[ 0 ] = f
i[ 1 ] = g
i[ 2 ] = h

j = d && e[ 0 ]

/*
  `size` is built in - member expressions other than array indexers are
  not allowed, so you cannot do `g.length`
*/
length = size( g )

function add(){
  sum = left + right
}

add()

// required by options
function tick(){
  f++
}

writing a lib for use from yuki-js

Example Lib

A lib can be used to provide IO, graphics, sound etc to yuki-js user programs

Only top-level function declarations will be available

By convention, anything that could be potentially overwritten by a user program should be given a name starting with $, as identifiers in yuki-js may not start with a $

design and features

Supported JavaScript features were heavily restricted for ease of implementation

I plan to extend the capabilities in future - some possible options:

  • variables declared anywhere
    • assert memory constraints at runtime instead of compile time to support this
    • this also means you will be able to use the delete operator to free memory
  • strings
    • just arrays of bytes under the hood
    • therefore no + concatentation etc
  • floats
  • simple (eg JSON-style) objects
    • will just be syntactical sugar
  • proper functions, not just subroutines
    • take parameters
    • return any allowed type
    • have scope
    • a new type allowing let declaration to support first class functions
  • source maps

license

MIT License

Copyright (c) 2019 Nik Coughlin

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.