diff --git a/DESCRIPTION b/DESCRIPTION
index 9e1787e5..8ed33a9a 100644
--- a/DESCRIPTION
+++ b/DESCRIPTION
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Package: BAS
 Version: 1.7.2
-Date: 2024-9-14
+Date: 2024-9-16
 Title: Bayesian Variable Selection and Model Averaging using Bayesian Adaptive Sampling
 Authors@R: c(person("Merlise", "Clyde", email="clyde@duke.edu",
 	   		       role=c("aut","cre", "cph"),
diff --git a/src/glm_mcmcbas.c b/src/glm_mcmcbas.c
index c405b9ba..cdd9cd28 100644
--- a/src/glm_mcmcbas.c
+++ b/src/glm_mcmcbas.c
@@ -32,6 +32,38 @@ SEXP glm_mcmcbas(SEXP Y, SEXP X, SEXP Roffset, SEXP Rweights,
 
 	SEXP NumUnique = PROTECT(allocVector(INTSXP, 1)); ++nProtected;
 
+	
+	PROTECT_INDEX counts_idx;
+	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(counts, &counts_idx);
+	PROTECT_INDEX R2_idx;
+	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(R2, &R2_idx);
+	PROTECT_INDEX shrinkage_idx;
+	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(shrinkage, &shrinkage_idx);
+	PROTECT_INDEX modelspace_idx;
+	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(modelspace, &modelspace_idx);
+	PROTECT_INDEX modeldim_idx;
+	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(modeldim, &modeldim_idx);
+	//	PROTECT_INDEX rank_idx;
+	//	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(rank, &rank_idx);
+	PROTECT_INDEX beta_idx;
+	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(beta, &beta_idx);
+	PROTECT_INDEX se_idx;
+	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(se, &se_idx);
+	PROTECT_INDEX deviance_idx;
+	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(deviance, &deviance_idx);
+	PROTECT_INDEX modelprobs_idx;
+	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(modelprobs, &modelprobs_idx);
+	PROTECT_INDEX priorprobs_idx;
+	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(priorprobs, &priorprobs_idx);
+	PROTECT_INDEX logmarg_idx;
+	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(logmarg, &logmarg_idx);
+	PROTECT_INDEX sampleprobs_idx;
+	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(sampleprobs, &sampleprobs_idx);
+	PROTECT_INDEX Q_idx;
+	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(R2, &Q_idx);
+	PROTECT_INDEX Rintercept_idx;
+	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(Rintercept, &Rintercept_idx);
+	
 	double *probs, MH=0.0, prior_m=1.0,shrinkage_m, logmargy, postold, postnew;
 	int i, m, n, pmodel_old, *bestmodel;
 	int mcurrent, n_sure;
@@ -260,23 +292,29 @@ SEXP glm_mcmcbas(SEXP Y, SEXP X, SEXP Roffset, SEXP Rweights,
 	else {mcurrent = k;}
 	}
 	
-// # nocov start
+	// truncate vectors; legacy code from MCMC should not get to following but 
+	// keep in case other prior choices create  models with zero probabilities that 
+	// need to be dropped and mcurrent < k;  
+	// # nocov start
  	if (mcurrent < k) {  // truncate vectors; legacy code from MCMC should not get here
-	  SETLENGTH(modelspace, mcurrent);
-	  SETLENGTH(logmarg, mcurrent);
-	  SETLENGTH(modelprobs, mcurrent);
-	  SETLENGTH(priorprobs, mcurrent);
-	  SETLENGTH(sampleprobs, mcurrent);
-	  SETLENGTH(counts, mcurrent);
-	  SETLENGTH(MCMCprobs, mcurrent);
-	  SETLENGTH(beta, mcurrent);
-	  SETLENGTH(se, mcurrent);
-	  SETLENGTH(deviance, mcurrent);
-	  SETLENGTH(Q, mcurrent);
-	  SETLENGTH(shrinkage, mcurrent);
-	  SETLENGTH(modeldim, mcurrent);
-	  SETLENGTH(R2, mcurrent);
-	  SETLENGTH(Rintercept, mcurrent);
+	  k = mcurrent;
+	  REPROTECT(logmarg= Rf_lengthgets(logmarg, mcurrent), logmarg_idx);
+	  REPROTECT(modelprobs= Rf_lengthgets(modelprobs, mcurrent), modelprobs_idx);
+	  REPROTECT(priorprobs= Rf_lengthgets(priorprobs, mcurrent), priorprobs_idx);
+	  REPROTECT(sampleprobs= Rf_lengthgets(sampleprobs, mcurrent), sampleprobs_idx);
+	  REPROTECT(deviance = Rf_lengthgets(deviance, mcurrent), deviance_idx);
+	  REPROTECT(shrinkage = Rf_lengthgets(shrinkage, mcurrent), shrinkage_idx);
+	  REPROTECT(modeldim= Rf_lengthgets(modeldim, mcurrent), modeldim_idx);
+	  REPROTECT(R2= Rf_lengthgets(R2, mcurrent), R2_idx);
+	  REPROTECT(se= Rf_lengthgets(se, mcurrent), se_idx);
+	  //	  REPROTECT(rank = Rf_lengthgets(rank, mcurrent), rank_idx);
+	  REPROTECT(modelspace = Rf_lengthgets(modelspace, mcurrent), modelspace_idx);
+	  REPROTECT(beta = Rf_lengthgets(beta, mcurrent), beta_idx);
+	  REPROTECT(se= Rf_lengthgets(se, mcurrent), se_idx);
+	  REPROTECT(Q= Rf_lengthgets(Q, mcurrent), Q_idx);
+	  REPROTECT(Rintercept= Rf_lengthgets(Rintercept, mcurrent), Rintercept_idx);
+	  REPROTECT(counts= Rf_lengthgets(counts, mcurrent), counts_idx);
+	  
 	}
 // # nocov end
 
diff --git a/src/lm_amcmc.c b/src/lm_amcmc.c
index 126f4639..99107804 100644
--- a/src/lm_amcmc.c
+++ b/src/lm_amcmc.c
@@ -36,6 +36,35 @@ SEXP amcmc(SEXP Y, SEXP X, SEXP Rweights, SEXP Rprobinit, SEXP Rmodeldim,
 	SEXP sampleprobs = PROTECT(allocVector(REALSXP, nModels)); ++nProtected;
 	SEXP NumUnique = PROTECT(allocVector(INTSXP, 1)); ++nProtected;
 
+	
+	PROTECT_INDEX counts_idx;
+	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(counts, &counts_idx);
+	PROTECT_INDEX R2_idx;
+	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(R2, &R2_idx);
+	PROTECT_INDEX shrinkage_idx;
+	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(shrinkage, &shrinkage_idx);
+	PROTECT_INDEX modelspace_idx;
+	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(modelspace, &modelspace_idx);
+	PROTECT_INDEX modeldim_idx;
+	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(modeldim, &modeldim_idx);
+	PROTECT_INDEX rank_idx;
+	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(rank, &rank_idx);
+	PROTECT_INDEX beta_idx;
+	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(beta, &beta_idx);
+	PROTECT_INDEX se_idx;
+	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(se, &se_idx);
+	PROTECT_INDEX mse_idx;
+	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(mse, &mse_idx);
+	PROTECT_INDEX modelprobs_idx;
+	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(modelprobs, &modelprobs_idx);
+	PROTECT_INDEX priorprobs_idx;
+	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(priorprobs, &priorprobs_idx);
+	PROTECT_INDEX logmarg_idx;
+	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(logmarg, &logmarg_idx);
+	PROTECT_INDEX sampleprobs_idx;
+	PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(sampleprobs, &sampleprobs_idx);
+	
+	
 	Rprintf("Allocating Space for %d Models AMCMC\n", nModels) ;
 	double *Xwork, *Ywork,*wts, *probs, shrinkage_m,
 		mse_m, MH=0.0, prior_m=1.0,
@@ -412,19 +441,22 @@ SEXP amcmc(SEXP Y, SEXP X, SEXP Rweights, SEXP Rprobinit, SEXP Rmodeldim,
 	SET_STRING_ELT(ANS_names, 0, mkChar("probne0"));
 
 	if (nUnique < nModels) {
-	  SETLENGTH(modelspace, nUnique);
-	  SETLENGTH(logmarg, nUnique);
-	  SETLENGTH(modelprobs, nUnique);
-	  SETLENGTH(priorprobs, nUnique);
-	  SETLENGTH(sampleprobs, nUnique);
-	  SETLENGTH(counts, nUnique);
-	  SETLENGTH(beta, nUnique);
-	  SETLENGTH(se, nUnique);
-	  SETLENGTH(mse, nUnique);
-	  SETLENGTH(shrinkage, nUnique);
-	  SETLENGTH(modeldim, nUnique);
-	  SETLENGTH(R2, nUnique);
-	  SETLENGTH(rank, nUnique);
+	  nModels = nUnique;
+	  REPROTECT(logmarg= Rf_lengthgets(logmarg, nUnique), logmarg_idx);
+	  REPROTECT(modelprobs= Rf_lengthgets(modelprobs, nUnique), modelprobs_idx);
+	  REPROTECT(priorprobs= Rf_lengthgets(priorprobs, nUnique), priorprobs_idx);
+	  REPROTECT(sampleprobs= Rf_lengthgets(sampleprobs, nUnique), sampleprobs_idx);
+	  REPROTECT(shrinkage = Rf_lengthgets(shrinkage, nUnique), shrinkage_idx);
+	  REPROTECT(modeldim= Rf_lengthgets(modeldim, nUnique), modeldim_idx);
+	  REPROTECT(R2= Rf_lengthgets(R2, nUnique), R2_idx);
+	  REPROTECT(se= Rf_lengthgets(se, nUnique), se_idx);
+	  REPROTECT(mse= Rf_lengthgets(se, nUnique), mse_idx);
+	  REPROTECT(rank = Rf_lengthgets(rank, nUnique), rank_idx);
+	  REPROTECT(modelspace = Rf_lengthgets(modelspace, nUnique), modelspace_idx);
+	  REPROTECT(beta = Rf_lengthgets(beta, nUnique), beta_idx);
+	  REPROTECT(se= Rf_lengthgets(se, nUnique), se_idx);
+	  REPROTECT(counts= Rf_lengthgets(counts, nUnique), counts_idx);
+	  
 	}
 	SET_VECTOR_ELT(ANS, 1, modelspace);
 	SET_STRING_ELT(ANS_names, 1, mkChar("which"));
diff --git a/src/lm_mcmc.c b/src/lm_mcmc.c
index e9715fa5..0890276b 100644
--- a/src/lm_mcmc.c
+++ b/src/lm_mcmc.c
@@ -276,7 +276,6 @@ SEXP mcmc_new(SEXP Y, SEXP X, SEXP Rweights, SEXP Rprobinit, SEXP Rmodeldim,
 
 	if (nUnique < nModels) {
 	  nModels = nUnique;
-	  SETLENGTH(counts, nUnique);
 	  REPROTECT(counts= Rf_lengthgets(counts, nUnique), counts_idx);
 	  REPROTECT(logmarg= Rf_lengthgets(logmarg, nUnique), logmarg_idx);
 	  REPROTECT(modelprobs= Rf_lengthgets(modelprobs, nUnique), modelprobs_idx);
diff --git a/src/lm_mcmcbas.c b/src/lm_mcmcbas.c
index 93cf14b8..738d352c 100644
--- a/src/lm_mcmcbas.c
+++ b/src/lm_mcmcbas.c
@@ -45,6 +45,34 @@ SEXP mcmcbas(SEXP Y, SEXP X, SEXP Rweights, SEXP Rprobinit, SEXP Rmodeldim,
   SEXP logmarg = PROTECT(allocVector(REALSXP, nModels)); ++nProtected;
   SEXP sampleprobs = PROTECT(allocVector(REALSXP, nModels)); ++nProtected;
   SEXP NumUnique = PROTECT(allocVector(INTSXP, 1)); ++nProtected;
+  
+  PROTECT_INDEX counts_idx;
+  PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(counts, &counts_idx);
+  PROTECT_INDEX R2_idx;
+  PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(R2, &R2_idx);
+  PROTECT_INDEX shrinkage_idx;
+  PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(shrinkage, &shrinkage_idx);
+  PROTECT_INDEX modelspace_idx;
+  PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(modelspace, &modelspace_idx);
+  PROTECT_INDEX modeldim_idx;
+  PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(modeldim, &modeldim_idx);
+  PROTECT_INDEX rank_idx;
+  PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(rank, &rank_idx);
+  PROTECT_INDEX beta_idx;
+  PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(beta, &beta_idx);
+  PROTECT_INDEX se_idx;
+  PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(se, &se_idx);
+  PROTECT_INDEX mse_idx;
+  PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(mse, &mse_idx);
+  PROTECT_INDEX modelprobs_idx;
+  PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(modelprobs, &modelprobs_idx);
+  PROTECT_INDEX priorprobs_idx;
+  PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(priorprobs, &priorprobs_idx);
+  PROTECT_INDEX logmarg_idx;
+  PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(logmarg, &logmarg_idx);
+  PROTECT_INDEX sampleprobs_idx;
+  PROTECT_WITH_INDEX(sampleprobs, &sampleprobs_idx);
+  
 
   double *Xwork, *Ywork, *wts, *probs, shrinkage_m, mse_m, R2_m, RSquareFull,
           Rbestmarg, logmargy,  MH=0.0, postold, postnew;
@@ -385,18 +413,24 @@ SEXP mcmcbas(SEXP Y, SEXP X, SEXP Rweights, SEXP Rprobinit, SEXP Rmodeldim,
  /*. for when add heridity 
  if (m < k) {  // resize
    k = m;
-   SETLENGTH(modelspace, m);
-   SETLENGTH(logmarg, m);
-   SETLENGTH(modelprobs, m);
-   SETLENGTH(priorprobs, m);
-   SETLENGTH(sampleprobs, m);
-   SETLENGTH(beta, m);
-   SETLENGTH(se, m);
-   SETLENGTH(mse, m);
-   SETLENGTH(shrinkage, m);
-   SETLENGTH(modeldim, m);
-   SETLENGTH(R2, m);
-   SETLENGTH(rank, m);
+  nModels = nUnique;
+  REPROTECT(logmarg= Rf_lengthgets(logmarg, m), logmarg_idx);
+  REPROTECT(modelprobs= Rf_lengthgets(modelprobs, m), modelprobs_idx);
+  REPROTECT(priorprobs= Rf_lengthgets(priorprobs, m), priorprobs_idx);
+  REPROTECT(sampleprobs= Rf_lengthgets(sampleprobs, m), sampleprobs_idx);
+  REPROTECT(deviance = Rf_lengthgets(deviance, m), deviance_idx);
+  REPROTECT(shrinkage = Rf_lengthgets(shrinkage, m), shrinkage_idx);
+  REPROTECT(modeldim= Rf_lengthgets(modeldim, m), modeldim_idx);
+  REPROTECT(R2= Rf_lengthgets(R2, m), R2_idx);
+  REPROTECT(se= Rf_lengthgets(se, m), se_idx);
+  //	  REPROTECT(rank = Rf_lengthgets(rank, m), rank_idx);
+  REPROTECT(modelspace = Rf_lengthgets(modelspace, m), modelspace_idx);
+  REPROTECT(beta = Rf_lengthgets(beta, m), beta_idx);
+  REPROTECT(se= Rf_lengthgets(se, m), se_idx);
+  REPROTECT(Q= Rf_lengthgets(Q, m), Q_idx);
+  REPROTECT(Rintercept= Rf_lengthgets(Rintercept, m), Rintercept_idx);
+  REPROTECT(counts= Rf_lengthgets(counts, m), counts_idx);
+  
    //  	Rprintf("m %d k %d", m, LENGTH(modelprobs));
  }
 */