SWM301.txt

# cost performance baseline is an output of | determine budget
# Cost Variance (CV) | Earned Value (EV) - Actual Cost (AC)
# Which of followings can be used to perform trend analysis to forecast future outcomes based on historical patterns ? | run chart
# Budget forecast and work performance measurement are an output of | control costs
# All of the following are important tools and techniques for developing project  schedule, except | progress reports
# Which of the following is a line chart that show data points plotted in the order in which they occur | run chart
# Which tool or technique for collecting requirements is often the most expensive and time consuming
# According to Luc Richard, the founder of www.projectmangler.com, five points of using project milestones include the following, except | Keep project milestones to be medium/large and nearly frequent
# Work performance measurements are output of | Estimating activities resources
# Which of the following is a task at the lowest level of the WBS | A work package
# Which of the following describes how project requirements will be analyzed, documented, and managed | A requirements management plan
# Company A decided to build a website | Intangible benefit tangible cost
# When planning cost for the project, project manager included 10% of estimated effort in estimation of future|Contingency reserves
# AC = 50000 | -10000 -5000
# Validated changes are output of | Perform quality control
# Which of the following can we use to show if there is a relationship | Scatter diagram
# The process needs to be examined for non-random | All the others
# uses project characteristics in a mathematical model to estimate project costs | Parametric modeling
# states that when many items are produced repetitively, the unit cost of those items | Leaning curve theory
# ADM format of network diagram | Finish-to-Start
# The dependencies of Task B on Task A is Finish-to-Start | Lead
# Quality checklists and quality metrics are output of | Planning quality
# a structured review of specific quality management | Perform quality audit
# We can prevent defects by all of the followings | Carefully monitor project
# All of the following are main techniques for shortening schedules | Use multi-tasking
# to prevent defects, rather than to detect of reject them | Control chart
# Which of followings can be used to perform trend analysis to forecast future outcomes based on historical patterns | Run chart
# considers the total cost of ownership | Lifecycle costing
# Achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility, advancement, and growth, which produce job|Motivational factors
# is getting the right information to the right people at the right time and in a useful|Distribute information
# Douglas McGregor introduced the following the human relations theories, except|Theory Z
# In which of the following theory, McGregor assumes individuals consider work as natural as play or rest and enjoy the statisfaction of esteem|Theory Y
# Which of the following is not one project attribute?|Has one or more purposes
# An example of a project is:|Constructing a building or facility
# All of the following are basic IT project portfolio categories, except?|Transform: projects in this category can be done to open new business domain.
# ______help their organizations make wise investment decisions by helping to select and analyze projects from a strategic perspective|Portfolio managers
# Which of the following concerns on tactical goals?|Project management
# In many organizations, project managers also support an emerging business strategy of project portfolio management. Portfolio management addresses question like_____.|Are we working on the right projects?
# Quadruple Constraints of Project Management means ____constraints.|Cost, time, quality, and scope
# A program is which one of the following?|A collection of projects with a common objective
# In early phases of a traditional project life cycle, resource needs are usually ____ and the level of uncertainty is ____.|lowest, highest
# In which of the following phases, do we have to develop a Work Breakdown Structure at level +3 at least?|Development
# In which of the following phases, can we develop a definitive cost estimate?|Implementation
# All of the following are phases of the traditional project lifecycle, Except?|Coding
# Which of the following characteristics shows the degree to which work activities are organized around groups or team, rather than individuals?|Group emphasis
# Who control the project budget in balance matrix organization structure?|Both project manager and functional manager
# Project manager's authority in the project organization structure is ___________.|High to almost total
# _____ focuses on producing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of the people.|The human resources frame
# Develop project charter work belongs to the_________ PM Process Group.|Initiating
# Direct and manage project executing belongs to the ...... PM Process Group.|Executing
# Which is not a process group in project management (as mentioned in the PMBOK)?|Feedback
# During project plan execution:|The project manager uses corrective action to bring future performance in line with the project plan.
# In which process group do we identify human and non-human resources required for a project?|Initiating
# _______processes include coordinating people and other resources to carry out the project plans and produce the products, services, or results of the project or phase|Executing
# Which of the following outputs is often completed before initiating a project?|Business case
# Which is NOT a task that is taken in pre-initiation phase?|Develop project charter
# Which of the following processes is NOT a part of project integration management?|develop the project business case
# What is the last step in four-stage planning processes for selecting information technology project?|Resource allocation
# Which of the following is NOT a best practice for new product development projects?|select projects that will take less than two years to provide payback
# A new government law requires an organization to report data in a new way. Under which category would a new information system project to provide this data fall?|Directive
# If estimates for total discounted benefits for a project are $320,000 and total discounted costs are $200,000, what is the estimated return on investment (ROI)?|60 percent
# A____________ is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management.|project management plan
# _________ ensures that the descriptions of the project's products are correct and complete.|Configuration management
# Which of the following items is not an objective of integrated change control?|Make sure that project get more money from customer
# Approximately what percentage pf the world's gross domestic product is spent on project? | 25%
# Which of the following is a not a potential advantage of using good project management? | Lower cost of capital
# A _____ is temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result. | Project
# Which of the following is not an attribute of a project? | project involve little uncertainly
# Which of the following is not part of the triple constraint of project management? | meeting communication goals
# ____ is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements. | Project management
# Project portfolio management address ____ goals of an organization, while project management addresses ____ goals. | strategic, tactical
# Several application development projects done for the same functional group might best be managed as part of a _____. | program
# Which of the following is not one of the top ten skills or competencies of an effective project manager? | technical skills
# What is the certification program called that the Project Management Institute provides? | Project Management Professional (PMP)
# Which of the following is not part of the three-sphere model for systems management? | information
# Which of the four frames of organizations addresses how meeting are run, employee dress codes, and expected work hours? | symbolic
# Personnel in a ____ organizational structure often report to two or more bosses. | matrix
# Project work is most successful in an organizational culture where all of the following characteristics are high except _____. | control
# A _____ is a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, or hardware, produced or provided as part of a project. | deliverable
# Which of the following is not a phase of the traditional project life cycle? | system analysis
# What the term used to describe a framework of the phases involved in developing information systems? | systems development life cycle
# Another name for a phase exit is a ____ point. | kill
# The nature of information technology projects is different from projects in many other industries because they are very ____ | diverse
# What term is used to describe when an organization acquires goods and/or sources from an outside source in another country? | offshoring
# A ____ is a series of actions directed toward a particular result. | project
# ______ processes include coordinating people and other resources to carry out the project plans and produce the products, services, or results of the project or phase | executing
# Which process group normally requires the most resources and time? | executing
# What methodology was developed in the U.K., defines 45 separate subprocesses, and organizes these into eight process groups? | PRINCE2
# Which of the following outputs is often completed before initiating a project? | business case
# A work breakdown structure, project schedule, and cost estimates are outputs of the _____ process. | planning
# Initiating involves developing a project charter, which is part of the project ______ management knowledge area. | integration
# ______ involves measuring progress toward project objectives and taking corrective actions | Monitoring and controlling
# What type of report do project teams create to reflect on what went right and what went wrong with the project? | lessons-learned report
# Many people use ____ to have a standard format for preparing various project management documents. | templates
# Which of the following processes is not part of project integration management? | develop the project business case
# What is the last step in the four-stage planning process for selecting information technology projects? |  resource allocation
# Which of the following is not a best practice for new product development projects? | select projects that will take less than two years to provide payback
# A new government law requires an organization to report data in a new way. Under which category would a new information system project to provide this data fall | directive
# If estimates for total discounted benefits for a project are $120,000 and total discounted costs are $100,000, what is the estimated return on investment (ROI)? | 20 percent
# A _________ is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project’s objectives and management | project charter
# Which of the following items is not normally included in a project charter? | a Gantt chart
# _______ ensures that the descriptions of the project’s products are correct and complete. | configuration management
# Which of the following is not a suggestion for performing integrated change control? | minimize change
# What tool and technique is used for all of the other project integration management processes? | expert judgment

# Four project managers are having lunch together and discussing their projects. Most of the time they are just complaining about how hard projects are to manage in their company | Improved project manager control over resources 
# Two project managers have just realized that they are in a weak matrix organization and that their power as project managers is quite limited. | The project expediter cannot make decisions
# In a projectized organization the project team: | will not always have a “home”
# A project manager is trying to complete a software development project, but cannot get enough attention for the project. | Functional
# A project manager has very little project expenditure, but he has been assigned as the project manager of a new project | Open and accurate
# A project team member is talking to another team member and complaining that so many people are asking him to do things | The functional manager
# Who has the MOST power in a projectized organization? | The project manager
# All of the following are characteristics of a project EXCEPT: | Repeats itself every month 
# All of the following are parts of the team’s stakeholder management effort EXCEPT? | Giving stakeholder’s extras
# A manager and the head of engineering discuss a charge to a major work package. after the meeting, the manager contacts you and tells you to complete the papers work to make the change. | a project expediter position
# The project is in the planning process group when three stakeholders come to the Project manager asking for information on the companys new project management Methodology | Notify the project management office
# A project manager is managing his second project. It started one month after the First and both are ongoing. | Obtain historical records and guidance from the PMO
# The project has going well, except for the number of changes being made. The Project is being installed in to seven different departments within the company | The project should have used more of the project management Processes
# The project life cycle differs from the product life cycle in that the project life Cycle: | Describes project management activities.
# Stakeholders can be identified in which project management process group? | Initiating and planning
# Management by objectives works only if: | the project includes the objectives in the project charter.
# Your management has decided that all orders will be treated as “project” and that project managers will be used to update orders daily, resolving issues and | Order incurring revenue over $100,000 would be considered project and would involve project management
# One of your team members informs you that he does not know which of the many projects he is working on is the most important. | The project management office
# A project team is working on manufacturing a new product, but they are having difficulty creating a project charter. | They are working on a process and not a project
# A market demand, a business need, and/or legal requirement are examples of: | Reasons projects are initiated
# Operational work is different from project work in that it is: | On-going and repetitive
# Company procedures require the creation of a lessons learned document.Which of the following is the BEST use of lessons learned? | Historical records for future projects
# Lessons learned are BEST completed by: | The stakeholders
# Consideration of ongoing operations and maintenance is crucially important to products of projects. Ongoing operations and maintenance should: | Not be viewed as part of a project. A project is temporary with a definite beginning and end
# What is a program? | A means to gain benefits and control of related projects
# A company is making an effort to improve its project performance and create historical records of past projects. | Create lessons learned
# Project Stakeholder are: | Anybody who is actively working on the project
# An example of a project is: | Constructing a building or facility
# Company procedures require the creation of a lessons learned document. | Historical records for future projects
# Consideration of ongoing operations and maintenance is crucially important to | Not be viewed as part of a project. A project is temporary with a definite beginning and end.
# One of your team members informs you that he does not know which of the | The project management office
# All of the following are part of the team's stakeholder management effort | Giving stakeholders extras
# Direct and manage project executing belongs to the ......PM Process Group. | Executing
# Scope definition is important to the success of the project EXCEPT: | It serves as the basis for future project decisions.
# Which of the following can be used to determine what work is included in | Work Breakdown Structure Dictionary
# All of the following occur during the planning process group EXCEPT: | Develop project Charter.
# All of the following are outputs of the close project process EXCEPT: | Deliverables
# A detailed project schedule can be created only after creating the | Work breakdown structure
# Control project schedule belongs to the ________ PM Process Group. | Monitoring and Controlling
# Which of the following is not a best practice for new product development | selectprojects that will take less than two years to provide payback
# A new government law requires an organization to report data in a new way. | Directive
# Which of the following describe the BEST use of historical records from | Estimating, risk management, and project planning
# An output of the Close Project or Phase process is the creation of | Project archives
# Which of the following is not a sugge control? | minimizechange
# What approach to developing a WBS involves writing down or drawing ideas | mindmapping
# What major restaurant chain terminated a large project after spending $170 millions on it | McDonald's
# All of the following are outputs of the scope definition process EXCEPT: | Preliminary project scope statement
# The construction phase of a new software product is near completion. The next phases are testing and implementation. The project is two weeks ahead of schedule. | Verify scope
# During a project team meeting, a team member suggests an enhancement to the scope that is beyond the scope of project charter. | Scope management
# Senior management is complaining that they are not able to easily determine the status of ongoing projects in the organization. | Milestone reports
# You are the project manager for the LLL Project. Steven, a project team member, is confused about network diagrams. Specifically, he wants to know what the critical path is in a network diagram. | The critical path is the path with the longest duration
# What is the duration of a milestone? | There is no duration
# If the optimistic time estimate for an activity is 8 days, most likely time is 10 days, and pessimistic time is 24 days. What is PERT | 12
# You are the project manager for the MNB Project. You and your project team are about to enter into the activity duration estimating process. | The project contract
# A Cost Performance Index (CPI) of 0.89 means ___ At this time, we expect the total project to cost at 89 percent more than planned. | The project is only getting 89 cents out of every dollar invested.
# Which of the following represent the portion of the approved total cost estimate planned to be spenton an activity during a given period? | Planned value (PV)
# The main focus of life cycle costing is to ____ | Consider operations and maintenance costs in making project decisions.
# The project manager is allocating overall cost estimate to individual activities to establish a baseline for measuring project performance. What process is this? | Determine Budget
# Which of the following formulas is used to calculate the SPI (Schedule performance index)? | EV/PV
# What percentage of the total distribution is 1 sigma from the mean equal to? | 68.29%
# Which of the following methods is used to provide a standard to measure performance? | Benchmarking
# Which of the following statements are FALSE regarding quality audits? | Quality audits are generally performed after scope verification, but can also be
# Pareto charts help project manager _____ | Focus on most critical issues to improve quality.
# Quality is ___ | The degree to which the project meets requirements
# As the project manager, you are preparing your methods for quality management. You are looking for a method that can demonstrate the relationship between events and their resulting effects. | Ishikawa diagram
# During the first half of the project, five team member left for other projects without being replaced, two team members went on vacation without informing you, and other team members expressed uncertainty about the work they were complete. | Staffing management plan.
# According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs in which does the need for | Social needs
# Which of the following describes the theory Z style of management? | Theory Z is based on the Japanese approach to motivating workers, emphasizing trust, quality, collective decision making, and cultural values
# _____ isgetting people to do things based on a position of authority. | Legitimate power
# Who of the following are ALWAYS stakeholders? | An assembly line worker that will use the product of the project
# A particular stakeholder has a reputation for making changes on projects. What is the BEST approach Get the stakeholder involved in the project as early as possible.
# Which of the following are NOT the direct results of managing the project team? | Negotiating staff assignments
# Which of the following best describes a directly face a conflict using a problem-solving conflict resolution technique? | Confrontation
# Formal written correspondence with the customer is required when ___ | The customer requests additional work not covered under contract
# Which is the one not included in the features of a project? | Fixed operation
# Which is the correct explanation of Scope? | The sum of the products and services created as a project
# Which is not an advantage of project management? | Improve developer's skill
# Which strategic technology considers in efficient using of computer resources, social responsibility, and environmental impact? | Green IT
# Which is not a project attribute? | A project should have only one project manager and one technical leader
# Which is the correct explanation of a Stakeholder? | Individual or organization influenced by the project
# According to textbook, every project is constrained in different ways by its scope,...., and cost goals | Time
# Which is the most appropriate description that explains a project team member? | The group that carries out the work of the project
# Which of the following is likely to be part of an operation? | Providing electricity to a community
# The ________________ has well-defined, linear stages of system analysis, design, construction, testing, and support. | Waterfall lifecycle model
# Personnel in a _____________ organization structure often report to two or more bosses | Matrix
# In a projectized organization, the project team: | Will not always have a 'home'
# In which organization are the project manager's independence and authority weakest? | Functional organization
# The __________ deal with how the organization is structured and focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management | Structural frame
# Which of the following statements is not true? | Cultural differences will always be an obstacle to overcome.
# In... ... .... Organization structure type, project manager has "Moderate to high" authority | Strong Matrix
# In Balanced Matrix Organization Structure type, .... will control the project budget. | In Balanced Matrix Organization Structure type, .... will control the project budget. | Mixed (Functional manager and PM)
# Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between project lifecycle phases and project management processes? | Project management processes can repeat within a project lifecycle.
# The amount of authority a project manager possesses can be related to | The organization structure
# What is core of the advantages of a functional organization? | All employees report to one manager and have a clear chain of command
# Which is not a disadvantage of virtual teams? | Increasing costs because it requires office space or requires more support
# Which is the most appropriate description of the stakeholder's influence on the project life cycle? | Maximum at the start and then gradually weakens towards the end of the project.
# The ________________ has well-defined, linear stages of system analysis, design, construction, testing, and support. | Waterfall lifecycle model
# Personnel in a _____________ organization structure often report to two or more bosses | Matrix
# In a projectized organization, the project team: | Will not always have a 'home' 
# Develop project charter work belongs to the_________ PM Process Group. | Initiating
# Direct and manage project executing belongs to the ...... PM Process Group. | Executing
# Which is not a process group in project management lifecycle (as mentioned in the PMBOK)? | Feedback process group
# During project plan execution: | The project manager uses corrective action to bring future performance in line with the project plan.
# What is the last step in the four-stage planning process for selecting information technology projects? | resource allocation
# In which process group do we identify human and non-human resources required for a project? | Initiating
# _______processes include coordinating people and other resources to carry out the project plans and produce the products, services, or results of the project or phase | Monitoring and controlling
# Which of the following outputs is often completed before initiating a project? | Business case
# Which is not a task that is taken in pre-initiation phase? | Develop project charter
# Define activities and sequence activities belong to the__________PM Process Group. | Planning
# Report performance belongs to the ________ PM Process Group. | Monitoring and Controlling
# Perform quality assurance belong to the ________ PM Process Group. | Executing
# Control project schedule belongs to the ________ PM Process Group. | Monitoring and Controlling
# Which of the following processes is not part of project integration management? | develop the project business case
# What is the last step in four-stage planning processes for selecting information technology project? | resource allocation
# Which of the following items is not a step in four-stage planning processes for selecting IT project? | mind mapping
# Which of the following is not a best practice for new product development projects? | select projects that will take less than two years to provide payback
# A new government law requires an organization to report data in a new way. Under which category would a new information system project to provide this data fall? | Directive
# If estimates for total discounted benefits for a project are $130,000 and total discounted costs are $100,000, what is the estimated return on investment (ROI)? | 30 percent
# A____________ is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management. | project chapter (sai:management plan)
# Which of the following items is not normally included in a project charter? | a Gant chart
# _________ ensures that the descriptions of the project's products are correct and complete. | Configuration management
# Which of the following is not a suggestion for performing integrated change control? | minimize change
# Which of the following items is not an objective of integrated change control? | Make sure that project get more money from customer
# The project schedule information section should include the following items, except for | Payment schedule
# The section of the project management plan describing management and technical approaches should include the following information, except for | Summary schedule
# Which tool or technique for collecting requirements is often the most expensive and time consuming? | interview
# A__________________ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defined the total scope of the project | WBS
# What approach to developing a WBS involves writing down or drawing ideas in a nonlinear format? | mind mapping
# Assume you have a project with major categories called planning, analysis, design, and testing. What level of the WBS would these items fall under? | 2
# Which of the following is not a best practice that can help in avoiding scope problems on information technology project? | Don't involve too many users in scope management
# What major restaurant chain terminated a large project after spending $170 millions on it, primarily because they realized the project scope was too much to handle? | McDonald's
# Scope________ is often achieved by a customer inspection and then sign-off on key deliverables. | verification
# Which of the following is not a suggestion for improving user input? | Only have meetings as needed, not on a regular basis
# Project management software helps you develop a __________, which serves as basis for creating Gantt charts, assigning resources, and allocating costs | WBS
# The project scope statement, __________, and organizational process assets are primary inputs for creating a WBS. | Requirements documents
# ________________ refer(s) to all the project work involved in creating the products of the project and processes used to create them. | Scope
# Which of the following items is not a primary output of Create WBS process? | Project Charter
# Which of the following items is not a primary input for Scope Verification process? | Project reports
# Michael is the project manager of the 98GH Project. This project requires several members of the project team to complete a certification class for another project the week of November 2. | External dependencies
# You are the project manager for the LLL Project. Steven, a project team member, is confused about network diagrams. Specifically | The critical path is the path with the longest duration
# What is the difference between PDM and ADM? | ADM places activities on arrows; PDM places activities on nodes.
# You are the project manager for the POL Project. This project will use PERT to calculate the estimates for activity duration. For activity D, you have the following information: P=10 days, O=6 days, M=5 days. What is the result of PERT? | 6 days
# You are the project manager for the MNB Project. You and your project team are about to enter into the activity duration estimating process. Which of the following will not be helpful in your meeting? | The project contract
# Which of the following is not an output from the activity duration estimating process? | WBS
# Which of the following is not an output of activity resource estimation process? | WBS Dictionary
# Which of the following is not a primary input of activity duration estimation process? | WBS Dictionary
# You are the project manager for the 987 Project. Should this project run over schedule, it will cost your organization $35,000 per day in lost sales. With four months to completion, you realize the project is running late. You decide, with management's approval, to add more project team members to the project plan to complete the work on time. This is an example of which of the following? | Crashing
# You are the project manager for the 987 Project. Should this project run over schedule, it will cost your organization $35,000 per day in lost sales. With four months to completion, you realize the project is running late. You decide, with management's approval, to change the relationship between several of the work packages so they begin in tandem rather than sequentially. This is an example of which one of the following? | Fast tracking
# Bertha is the project manager for the HAR Project. The project is behind schedule and Bertha has elected, with management's approval, to crash the critical path. This process adds more what? | Cost
# _________ is a technique for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost. | Crashing
# Which is not an activity of Time management knowledge area? | Project Plan Development
# Which of the following choices indicates that a project has a burn rate of 1.5? | The AC is 100 and the EV is 150.
# Schedule variance can be determined by: | EV - PV
# Project Cost Management includes all of the following except: | Resource leveling
# Earned value is all of the following except: | Actual cost of work performed.
# During the six month update on a 1 year, $50,000 project, the analysis shows that the PV is $25,000; the EV is $20,000 and the AC is $15,000. What can be determined from these figures? | The project is behind schedule and under cost
# The inputs to Cost Budgeting includes all of the following except: | Cost baseline
# Parametric cost estimating involves: | Using rates and factors based on historical experience to estimate costs.
# How close to actual costs should a definitive budget estimate be? | -5 percent to +10 percent
# The main focus of life cycle costing is to: | Consider operations and maintenance costs in making project decisions
# Which type of cost is team training? | Direct
# __________is a project performance measurement technique that integrates scope, time, and cost data | Earned value analysis
# A rough order of magnitude estimate is made during which project management process group? | Project initiating
# A schedule performance index(SPI) of 0.76 means: | you are only progressing at 76 percent of the rate originally planned.
# During the completion of the project, a project manager wants to ensure that the quality of the end product is acceptable. The BEST way to do this is by: | checking quality levels against the standards set in the quality plan.
# The line in the middle of a control chart is called the | mean
# A project team has invited many of the project stakeholders to help them inspect quality on the project. Which of the following would NOT be an output of this activity? | Quality management plan
# All of the following are outputs of quality planning EXCEPT? | Acceptance decisions
# Who is ultimately responsible for quality management in the project? | Project manager
# A project team member comes to the project manager during project execution to tell him that they feel the project cannot meet its quality standards. The project manager calls a meeting of the affected stakeholders to work through the problem. | Quality assurance
# The process of monitoring specific project results to determine if they comply with relevant quality standards is called: | Quality Control
# _________ is the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements, | Quality
# Which of the following methods is used to provide a standard to measure performance? | Benchmarking
# The purpose of a quality audit includes all of the following except: | Examines the work of the project and formally accepts the work results
# Which of the following is the cost of evaluating processes and their outputs to ensure that a project is error-free or within an accepted or rejected? | appraisal cost
# Which of the following is the cost incurred to correct an identified defect before the customer receives the product? | internal failure cost
# Which of the following is not part of project human resource management? | Resource estimating
# ___________causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment. | Intrinsic motivation
# At the bottom of Maslow's pyramid or hierarchy of needs are _____ needs | Physiological
# At the top of Maslow's pyramid or hierarchy of needs are _____ needs | self- actualization
# According to McClelland's acquired needs theory, people who desire harmonious relation with other people and need to feel accepted have a high_______ need. | Affiliation
# ________ power is based on a person's individual charisma. | Referent
# A________ maps the work of a project as described in the WBS to the people responsible for performing the work. | responsibility assignment matrix
# A staffing management plan often includes a resource ___________, which is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to the project overtime. | Histogram
# What technique can you use to resolve resource conflicts by delaying tasks? | resource leveling
# What are five stages in Tuckman's model of team development, in chronological order? | forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning
# ________ is a document that describes when and how people will be added to and taken off a project team. | Staffing management plan
# _____ is getting people to do things based on a position of authority. | Legitimate power
# ____________involves using incentives to include people to do things. | Reward power
# What do many experts agree is the greatest threat to the success of any project? | a failure to communicate
# Which communication skill is most important for information technology professionals for career advancement? | speaking
# Which of the following is not a process of communication management? | Acquiring project team
# A_______ is an approach to help increase the support of stakeholders throughout the project | stakeholder management strategy
# Which of the following is not a preferred section in communication plan? | Training activities
# A_____ report describes where the project stands at a specific point time. | status
# What tool can you use to help manage stakeholders by ranking scope, time, and cost goals in order of important and provide guidelines on balancing these constraints? | issue log
Which of the following describes the assumptions of the theory Y style of management? | Theory Y assumes individuals consider work as natural as play or rest and enjoy the satisfaction of esteem and self-actualization needs
# When using the ________, project managers directly face a conflict using a problem-solving approach that allows affected parties to work through their disagreements. | confrontation mode
# When using the ________, the project manager deemphasizes or avoids areas of differences and emphasizes areas of agreement. | smoothing mode
# You have two project stakeholders who do not get along at all. You know they both enjoy travelling, so you discuss great travel destinations when they are both in the room together to distract them from arguing with each other. | smoothing mode
# Which of the following is not a guideline to help improve time spent at meetings? | Invite extra people who support your project to make it run more smoothly
# A_______ report if a reflective statement documenting important things that people learned from working on the project. | lessons-learned
# When using the _________, project managers retreat or withdraw from actual or potential disagreement. This approach is also called avoiding mode. | Withdrawal mode
# Which is not a process in the Risk Management knowledge area? | Risk Design
# Contingency reserves are used to handle which type of risk? | Known unknowns
# Which of the following statements is false? | Uncertainty and risk are lowest at the start of the project and greatest at the end
# A risk response which involves reducing the impact of a risk event by reducing the probability of its occurrence is called: | Mitigation
# When should a risk be avoided? | When the risk event is unacceptable -- generally one with a very high probability of occurrence and high impact.
# An example of risk mitigation is: | Using proven technology in the development of a product to lessen the probability that the product will not work
# A risk ________ is a document that contains results of various risk management processes, often displayed in a table or spreadsheet format. | register
# Suppose there is a 20 percent chance that you will earn $10,000 and a 80 percent chance that you will lose $100,000 on a particular protect. What is the projects estimated monetary value? | -$78.000
# Which is not included in Risk Response Planning? | Enhancement
# In general, for which phase is risk and uncertainty minimum? | Final phase
# What is a risk trigger? | Indicator of the risk
# Risks are accepted when: | You develop a contingency plan to execute should the risk event occur
# The principles of risk management should be followed only for: | All kinds of project
# Which type of contract has the least amount of risk for buyer | fixed-price
# Which type of contract has the least amount of risk for seller | cost plus percentage of costs
# An item you need for a project has a daily lease cost of $200. To purchase the item, there is an investment cost of $6000 and a daily cost of $50. Calculate the number of days when the lease cost would be the same as the purchase cost. | 40
# A proposal evaluation sheet is an example of a(n) ________________ | weighted scoring model
# Your organization hired a specialist in a certain field to provide training for a short period of time. Which reason for outsourcing would this fall under? | accessing skills and technologies
# Buyers often prepare a _____________ list when selecting a seller to make this process more manageable. | short
# A unilateral contract under which the seller is paid a preset amount per unit of service is called: | A unit price contract
# If your college or university wanted to get information from potential sellers for providing a new sports stadium, what type of document would they require of the potential sellers? | Proposal
# In which project procurement management process is an RFQ often written? | planning procurements
# Which of the following contract types places the greatest risk on the seller? | Firm-fixed-price contract
# The _____________ is the point at which the contractor assumes total responsibility for each additional dollar of contract cost. | Point of Total Assumption
# ________________ is a term used to describe various procurement functions that are now done electronically | E-procurement
# How is a functional organization set up? | A functional organization is grouped by areas of specialization, e.g. accounting, marketing, and manufacturing).
# When you see the functional form of organization on the exam, think ___ | "silo"
# How is a projectized organization set up? | In a projectized organization, the entire company is organized by projects. Personnel are assigned and report to a project manager.
# A work breakdown structure numbering system allows the project staff to: | Identify the level at which individual elements are found
# The work breakdown structure can BEST be thought of as an effective aid for __ communications. | Stakeholder
# Which of the following is a KEY output of the Verify Scope process? | Customer acceptance of project deliverables 
# During project executing, a team member comes to the project manager because he is not sure of what work he needs to accomplish on the project. Which of the following documents contain detailed descriptions of work packages? | WBS dictionary
# During what part of the project management process is the project scope statement created? | Planning
# The program was planned years ago, before there was a massive introduction of new technology. While planning the next project in this program, the project manager has expanded the scope management plan because as a project becomes more complex, the level of uncertainty in the scope: | Increases
# During a meeting with some of the project stakeholders, the project manager is asked to add work to the project scope. The project manager had access to correspondence about the project before the project charter was signed and remembers that the project sponsor specifically denied funding for the scope mentioned by these stakeholders. | Tell the stakeholders the scope cannot be added
# A new project manager is being mentored by a more experienced certified project management professional ("PMP"). The new project manager is having difficulty finding enough time to manage the project because the product and project scope are being progressively elaborated. | Communicating with the customer
# During a project team meeting, a team member suggests an enhancement to the scope that is beyond the scope of the project charter. The project manager points out that the team needs to concentrate on completing all the work and only the work required. This is an example of: | Scope management
# When should the Verify Scope process be done? | At the end of each phase of the project
# The project is mostly complete. The project has a schedule variance of 300 and a cost variance of -900. All but one of the quality control inspections have been completed and all have met the quality requirements. All items in the issue log have been resolved. | Ask the customer for a description of the change
# You have just joined the project management office after five years of working on projects. One of the things you want to introduce to your company is the need to create and utilize WBSs. Some of the project managers are angry that you are asking them to do "extra work". | Tell them it will prevent work from slipping through the cracks
# A new project manager has asked you for advice on creating a work breakdown structure. After you explain the process to her, she asks you what software she should use to create the WBS and what she should do with it when she is finished creating it. | Team buy-in
# To manage a project effectively, work should be broken down into small pieces. Which of the following does NOT describe how far to decompose the work? | Until it can be done by one person
# A project manager may use to make sure the team members clearly know what work is included in each of their work packages. | A WBS dictionary
# A project manager has just been assigned to a new project and has been given the project charter. The FIRST thing the project manager must do is: | Confirm that all the stakeholders have had input into the scope
# The construction phase of a new software product is near completion. The next phases are testing and implementation. The project is two weeks ahead of schedule. What should the project manager be MOST concerned with before moving on to the final phase? | Verify Scope
# You are managing a six-month project and have held biweekly meetings with your project stakeholders. After five-and-a-half months of work, the project is on schedule and budget, but the stakeholders are not satisfied with the deliverables. This situation will delay the project completion by one month. The MOST important process that could have prevented this situation is: | Define Scope
# All of the following are parts of the scope baseline EXCEPT the: | Scope management plan
# One of the stakeholders on the project contacts the project manager to discuss some additional scope they would like to add to the project. The project manager asks for details in writing and then works through the Control Scope process. What should the project manager do NEXT when the evaluation of the requested scope is complete? | Complete integrated change control
# During the completion of project work, the sponsor asks the project manager to report on how the project is going. In order to prepare the report, the project manager asks all the team members what percent complete their work is. There is one team member who has been hard to manage from the beginning. In response to being asked what percent complete he is, the team member asks, "Percent complete of what?" Being tired of such comments, the project manager reports to the team members boss that the team member is not co operating. Which of the following is MOST likely the real problem? | The project manager does not have work packages
# The preparation of the scope baseline can BEST be described as involving: | The project team
# Which of the following is an output of the Collect Requirements process? | Requirements traceability matrix
# A scope change has been suggested by one of the stakeholders on the project. After careful consideration and a lot of arguing, the change control board has decided to reject the change. What should the project manager do? | Record the change request and its result
# A project manager's scope management efforts are being audited. The cost performance index (CPI) on the project is 1.13, and the benefit cost ratio (BCR) is 1.2. The project scope was created by the team and stakeholders. Requirements on the project have been changing throughout the project. | Not being able to measure completion of the product of the project
# Verify Scope is closely related to: | Perform Quality Control
# Which of the following can create the MOST misinterpretation in the project scope statement? | Imprecise language
# Which of the following is CORRECT in regard to the Control Scope process? | The Scope Control process must be integrated with other control processes
# Which ofthe following BEST describes the Verify Scope process? | It ensures customer acceptance, shows that the deliverable meets specifications, and provides a chance for differences of opinion to come to light
# Which of the following BEST describes product analysis? | Gaining a better understanding of the product of the project in order to create the project scope statement
# One common way to compute estimate at completion (EAC) is to take the budget at completion (BAC) and: | Divide by CPI
# Estimate at completion (EAC) is a periodic evaluation of: | The anticipated total cost at project completion
# If earned value (EV) = 350, actual cost (AC) = 400, planned value (PV) = 325, what is cost variance (CV)? | -50
# The customer responsible for overseeing your project asks you to provide a written cost estimate that is 30 percent higher than your estimate of the project's cost. He explains that the budgeting process requires managers to estimate pessimistically to ensure enough money is allocated for projects. | Ask for information on risks that would cause your estimate to be too low
# Analogous estimating | Uses top-down estimating techniques
# All of the following are outputs of the Estimate Costs process EXCEPT: | The prevention of inappropriate changes from being induded in the cost baseline
# The main focus of life cycle costing is to | Consider operations and maintenance costs in making project decisions
# Cost performance measurement is BEST done through which of the following? | Calculating earned value and using the indexes and other calculations to
# A cost performance index (CPI) of 0.89 means | The project is only getting 89 cents out of every dollar invested
# A schedule performance index (SPI) of 0.76 means: | You are only progressing at 76 percent of the rate originally planned
# Which of the following is NOT needed in order to come up with a project estimate? | A change control system
# Which of the following is an example of a parametric estimate? | Dollars per module
# A rough order of magnitude estimate is made during which project management process group? | Initiating
# A cost baseline is an output of which cost management process? | Determine Budget
# During which project management process group are budget forecasts created? | Monitoring and controlling
# Which type of cost is team training? | Direct
# Project setup costs are an example of: | Fixed costs
# Value analysis is performed to get | A less costly way of doing the same work
# Who has the cost risk in a fixed price (FP) contract? | The seller
# Which of the following represents the estimated value of the work actually accomplished? | Earned value (EV)
# Which of the following are ALL items included in the cost management plan? | Specifications for how estimates should be stated, rules for measuring cost performance, the level of accuracy needed for estimates
# Your project has a medium amount of risk and is not very well defined. The sponsor hands you a project charter and asks you to confirm that the project can be completed within the project cost budget. What is the BEST method to handle this? | Build the estimate in the form of a range of possible results
# The cost contingency reserve should be: | Added to the base costs of the project to account for risks
# The seller tells you that your activities have resulted in an increase in their costs. You should: | Ask the seller for supporting information
# Your cost forecast shows that you will have a cost overrun at the end of the project. Which of the following should you do? | Eliminate risks in estimates and reestimate
# A new store development project requires the purchase of various equipment, machinery, and furniture. The department responsible for the development recently centralized its external purchasing process and standardized its new order system. In which document can these new procedures be found? | Organizational policies
# Early in the life of your project, you are having a discussion with the sponsor about what estimating techniques should be used. You want a form of expert judgment, but the sponsor argues for analogous estimating. It would be BEST to: | Agree to analogous estimating, as it is a form of expert judgment
# You have just completed the initiating processes of a small project and are moving into the planning processes when a project stakeholder asks you for the projects budget and cost baseline. What should you tell her? | The project budget and baseline will not be finalized and accepted until the planning processes are completed
# The project manager is allocating overall cost estimates to individual activities to establish a baseline for measuring project performance. What process is this? | Determine Budget
# Monitoring cost expended to date in order to detect variances from the plan occurs during: | Product performance reviews
# A cost management plan contains a description of | The WBS level at which earned value will be calculated
# A manufacturing project has a schedule performance index (SPI) of 0.89 and a cost performance index (CPI) of 0.91. Generally, what is the BEST explanation for why this occurred? | A critical path activity took longer and needed more labor hours to complete
# Although the stakeholders thought there was enough money in the budget, halfway through the project the cost performance index (CPI) is 0.7. To determine the root cause, several stakeholders audit the project and discover the project cost budget was estimated analogously. | Bottom-up estimating should have been used
# Earned value analysis is an example of | Performance reporting
# You are about to take over a project from another project manager and find out the following information about the project. Activity Z has an early start (ES) of day 15 and a late start (LS) of day 20. Activity Z is a difficult activity. The cost performance index (CPI) is 1.1. The schedule performance index (SPI) is 0.8. There are 11 stakeholders on the project.| Schedule
# The difference between the cost baseline and the cost budget can be BEST described as: | The management reserve
# You provide a project cost estimate for the project to the project sponsor. He is unhappy with the estimate, because he thinks the price should be lower. He asks you to cut 15 percent off the project estimate. What should you do? | Inform the sponsor of the activities to be cut
# Cost risk means | There is a risk that project costs could go higher than planned
# A project manager needs to analyze the project costs to find ways to decrease costs. It would be BEST if the project manager looks at: | Direct costs and variable costs
# Effective project integration usually requires an emphasis on | Effective communications at key interface points
# The need for ___ is one of the major driving forces for communication in a project. | Integration
# Which of the following describes the BEST use of historical records from previous projects: | Estimating, risk management, and project planning
# When it comes to changes, the project manager's attention is BEST given to: | Preventing unnecessary changes
# A project manager has managed four projects for the company and is being considered to join the project management office team. The following is discovered during the evaluation of his performance. The project manager's first project had an ending cost variance of -500, used two critical resources, needed to rework the project charter during project executing and was ranked 14th in priority within the company. The second project finished with a schedule variance of +100. | The project manager did not effectively involve the stakeholders, showing that he does not have the knowledge to work in the project management office
# All of the following are parts of an effective change management plan EXCEPT: | Lessons learned
# A work authorization system can be used to: | Manage what time and in what sequence work is done
# A project is plagued by changes to the project charter. Who has the primary responsibility to decide if these changes are necessary? | The sponsor
# Integration is done by the: | Project manager
# Which of the following BEST describes the project manager's role as an integrator? | Put all the pieces of a project into a cohesive whole
# Approved corrective action is an input to: | Direct and Manage Project Execution
# Double declining balance is a form of: | Accelerated depreciation
# You are a new project manager who has never managed a project before. You have been asked to plan a new project. It would be BEST in this situation to rely on ____ during planning in order to improve your chance of success. | Historical information
# Which of the following BEST describes a project management plan? | Risk, staffing, process improvement, and other management plans
# You are taking over a project and determine the following: | Schedule
# A project management plan should be realistic in order to be used to manage the project. Which of the following is the BEST method to achieve a realistic project management plan? | Project manager creates the project management plan based on input from the team
# You are taking over a project during the planning process group and discover that six individuals have signed the project charter. Which of the following should MOST concern you? | Spending more time on configuration management
# The project charter for a project was approved for planning and you have just been assigned as project manager. Realizing that project planning is an ongoing effort throughout the project, which processes are you MOST likely to combine? | Create WBS and Define Activities
# All of the following are parts of Direct and Manage Project Execution EXCEPT: | Setting up a project control system
# A project manager is appointed to head a highly technical project in an area with which this person has limited familiarity. The project manager delegates the processes of Develop schedule, Estimate Costs, Define Activities, and Estimate Activity Resources to various project team members, and basically serves as an occasional referee and coordinator of activities. | A team that is characterized by poor performance, low morale, high levels of conflict and high turnover
# You are in the middle of executing a major modification to an existing product when you learn that the resources promised at the beginning of the project are not available. The BEST thing to do is to: | Explain the impact if the promised resources are not made available
# You have been assigned to manage the development of an organization's first Web site. The site will be highly complex and interactive, and neither your project team nor the client has much experience with Web site development. The timeline is extremely aggressive. And delay will be costly for both your firm and the client. You have a project sponsor and have achieved agreement and sign-off on both the project charter and the project management plan. | A key stakeholder was not adequately involved in the project
# The project manager has just received a change from the customer that does not affect the project schedule and is easy to complete. What should the project manager do FIRST? | Evaluate the impacts on other project constraints
# Your company just won a major new project. It will begin in three months and is valued at $2,000,000. You are the project manager for an existing project. What is the FIRST thing you should do once you hear of the new project? | Ask management how the new project will affect your project
# You are a project manager who was just assigned to take over a project from another project manager who is leaving the company. The previous project manager tells you that the project is on schedule, but only because he has constantly pushed the team to perform. What is the FIRST thing you should do as the new project manager? | Determine a management strategy
# You are assigned as the project manager in the middle of the project. The project is within the baselines, but the customer is not happy with the performance of the project. What is the FIRST thing you should do? | Meet with the customer
# It is the middle of the project when the project manager is informed by her scheduler that the project control limits are secure. That same morning she receives a note from a team member about a problem he is having. The note says, "This activity is driving me crazy and the manager of the accounting department won't help me until the activity's float is in jeopardy." In addition, the project manager has e-mails from a minor stakeholder and 14 e-mails from team members. | Add the implemented corrective action to the historical records, discuss the value of documentation at the next team meeting, and smooth the team member with the accounting department problem
# The client demands changes to the product specification that will add only two weeks to the critical path. Which of the following is the BEST thing for the project manager to do? | Consult with the sponsor about options
# During project executing, the project manager determines that a change is needed to material purchased for the project. The project manager calls a meeting of the team to plan how to make the change. This is an example of: | Lack of a change management plan
# The project was going well when all of a sudden there were changes to the project coming from multiple stakeholders. After all the changes were determined, the project manager spent time with all the stakeholders to find out why there were changes and to discover any more. The project work has quieted down when a team member casually mentions to the project manager that he added functionality to a product of the project. "Do not worry," he says, "I did not impact time, cost, or quality!" What should a project manager do FIRST? | Ask the team member how he knows there is no time, cost, or quality impact
# You are asked to prepare a budget for completing a project that was started last year and then shelved for six months. All the following would be included in the budget EXCEPT: | Sunk costs
# Which of the following sequences represents straight line depreciation? | $100, $100, $100
# This project is chartered to determine new ways to extend the product life of one of the company's medium-producing products. The project manager comes from the engineering department, and the team comes from product management and marketing departments. | Look for how this schedule change will impact the cost to complete the work package and the quality of the product of the work package
# Project A has an internal rate of return (IRR) of 21 percent. Project B has an IRR of 7 percent. Project C has an IRR of 31 percent. Project D has an IRR of 19 percent. | Project C
# All of the following would occur during the Close Project or phase process EXCEPT: | Performing benefit cost analysis
# Which of the following is included in a project charter? | The business need for the project
# A project manager is trying to convince management to use more formal project management procedures and has decided to start improving the company's project management by obtaining a project charter. Wich of the following BEST describes why the project charter would help the project manager? | It gives the project manager authority
# Linear programming is an example of what type of project selection criteria? | Constrained optimization
# You have created the project charter, but could not get it approved. Your manager and his boss have asked that the project begins immediately. Which of the following is the BEST thing to do | Show your manager the impact of proceeding without approval
# The engineering department has uncovered a problem with the cost accounting system and has asked the systems department to analyze what is wrong and fix the problem. You are a project managerr working with the cost accounting programs on another project. Management has issued a change request to the change control board to add the new work to your project. | Develop a project charter
# All technical work is completed on the project. Which of the following remains to be done | Complete lessons learned
# Your company can accept one of the three posible projects. Project A has a net present value (NPV) of $30,000 and will take six years to complete. Project B has a net present value of $60,000 and will take three years to complete. Project C has an NPV of $90,000 and will take four years to complete. | Project C
# All of the following are factors in the assessment of project risk EXCEPT: | Insurance premiums
# If a project has a 60 percent chance of a $100,000 profit and a 40 percent chance of a $100,000 loss, the expected monetary value for the project is: | $20,000 profit
# Assuming that the ends of a range of estimates are +/- 3 sigma from the mean, which of the following range estimates involves the LEAST risk? | Optimistic = 26 days, most likely = 30 days, pessimistic = 33 days
# Which of the following risk events is MOST likely to interfere with attaining a project's schedule objective? | Delays in obtaining required approvals
# If a risk has a 20 percent chance of happening in a given month, and the project is expected to last five months, what is the probability that this risk event will occur during the fourth month of the project? | 20 percent
# If a risk event has a 90 percent chance of occurring, and the consequences will be $10,000, what does $9,000 represent? | Expected monetary value
# Risks will be identified during which risk management process(es)? | Identify Risks and Monitor and Control Risks
# What should be done with risks on the watchlist? | Document them and revisit during project monitoring and controlling
# All of the following are ALWAYS inputs to the risk management process EXCEPT: | Project status reports
# Risk tolerances are determined in order to help: | The team rank the project risks
# All of the following are common results of risk management EXCEPT: | The project charter is changed
# Purchasing insurance is BEST considered an example of risk: | Transfer
# You are finding it difficult to evaluate the exact cost impact of risks. You should evaluate on a(n): | Qualitative basis
# Outputs of the Plan Risk Responses process include: | Residual risks, fallback plans, and contingency reserves
# Workarounds are determined during which risk management process? | Monitor and Control Risks
# During which risk management process is a determination to transfer a risk made? | Plan Risk Responses
# A project manager has just finished the risk response plan for a $387,000 engineering project. Which of the following should he probably do NEXT? | Add work packages to the project work breakdown structure
# A project manager asked various stakeholders to determine the probability and impact of a number of risks. He then analyzed assumptions. He is about to move to the next step of risk management. Based on this information, what has the project manager forgotten to do? | Provide a standardized risk rating matrix
# A project manager has assembled the project team, identified 56 risks on the project, determined what would trigger the risks, rated them on a risk rating matrix, tested their assumptions, and assessed the quality of the data used. The team is continuing to move through the risk management process. What has the project manager forgotten to do? | Involvement of other stakeholders
# You are a project manager for the construction of a major new manufacturing plant that has never been done before. The project cost is estimated at $30,000,000 and will make use of three sellers. Once begun, the project cannot be cancelled, as there will be a large expenditure on plant and equipment. | Perform an identification of risks
# During the Plan Risk Management process, your team has come up with 434 risks and 16 major causes of those risks. The project is the last of a series of projects that the team has worked on together. The sponsor is very supportive, and a lot of time was invested in making sure the project work was complete and signed off by all key stakeholders. | Accept the risk
# A project manager is quantifying risk for her project. Several of her experts are offsite, but wish to be included. How can this be done | Apply the Delphi technique
# An experienced project manager has just begun working for a large information technology integrator. Her manager provides her with a draft project charter and immediately asks her to provide an analysis of the risks on the project. Which of the following would BEST help in this effort? | A conversation with a team member from a similar project that failed in the past
# You have been appointed as the manager of a new, large, and complex project. Because this project is business-critical and very visible, senior management has told you to analyze the project's risks and prepare response strategies for them as soon as possible. The organization has risk management procedures that are seldom used or followed, and has had a history of handling risks badly. | Project sponsor
# You were in the middle of a two-year project to deploy new technology to field offices across the country. A hurricane caused power outages just when the upgrade was near completion. When the power was restored, all of the project reports and historical data were lost with no way of retrieving them. What should have been done to prevent this problem? | Monitor the weather and have a contingency plan
# A system development project is nearing project closing when a previously unidentified risk is discovered. This could potentially affect the project's overall ability to deliver. What should be done NEXT? | Qualify the risk
# The cost performance index (CPI) of a project is 0.6 and the schedule performance index (SPI) is 0.71. The project has 625 work packages and is being completed over a four-year period. The team members are veryinexperienced, and the project received little support for proper planning. Which of the following is the BEST thing to do? | Update risk identification and analysis
# While preparing your risk responses, you identify additional risks. What should you do? | Document the risk items, and calculate the expected monetary value based on probability and impact that result from the occurrences
# You have just been assigned as the project manager for a new telecommunications project that is entering the second phase of the project. There appear to be many risks on this project, but no one has evaluated them to assess the range of possible project outcomes. What needs to be done? | Plan Risk Management
# During project executing, a team member identifies a risk that is not in the risk register. What should you do? | Analyze the risk
# During project executing, a major problem occurs that was not included in the risk register. What should you do FIRST? | Create a workaround
# The customer requests a change to the project that would increase the project risk. Which of the following should you do before all the others? | Analyze the impacts of the change with the team.
# Which of the following is a chief characteristic of the Delphi technique | Expert opinion
# A project has had some problems, but now seems under control. In the last few months, almost all the reserve has been used up and most of the negative impacts of events that had been predicted have occurred. There are only four activities left, and two of them are on the critical path. Management now informs the project manager that it would be in the performing organizations best interest to finish the project two weeks earlier than scheduled in order to receive an additional profit. | Opportunities
# Monte Carlo analysis is used to: | Get an indication of the risk involved in the project
# A project team is creating a project management plan when management asks them to identify project risks and provide some form of qualitative output as soon as possible. What should the project team provide? | Prioritized list of project risks
# A project manager is creating a risk response plan. However, every time a risk response is suggested, another risk is identified that is caused by the response. Which of the following is the BEST thing for the project manager to do? | Document the new risks and continue the Plan Risk Responses process
# A watchlist is an output of which risk management process? | Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis
# During the Identify Risks process, a project manager made a long list of risks identified by all the stakeholders using various methods. He then made sure that all the risks were understood and that triggers had been identified. Later, in the Plan Risk Responses process, he took all the risks identified by the stakeholders and determined ways to mitigate them. What has he done wrong? | More people should be involved in the Plan Risk Responses process
# Which of the following MUST be an agenda item at all team meetings? | Discussion of project risks
# Once signed, a contract is legally binding unless: | It is in violation of applicable law
# With a clear contract statement of work, a seller completes work as specified, but the buyer is not pleased with the results. The contract is considered to be: | Complete
# All of the following statements concerning procurement documents are incorrect EXCEPT: | Well-designed procurement documents can simplify comparison of responses
# A project manager for the seller is told by her management that the project should do whatever possible to be awarded incentive money. The primary objective of incentive clauses in a contract is to: | Synchronize objectives
# All the following statements about change control are incorrect EXCEPT: | Contracts should include procedures to accommodate changes
# A routine audit of a cost reimbursable (CR) contract determines that overcharges are being made. If the contract does not specify corrective action, the buyer should: | Continue to make project payments
# The primary objective of contract negotiations is to: | Protect the relationship
# A seller is working on a cost reimbursable (CR) contract when the buyer decides he would like to expand the scope of services and change to a fixed price (FP) contract. All of the following are the seller's options EXCEPT: | Starting over with a new contract
# Bidder conferences are part of: | Conduct Procurements
# All of the following MUST be present to have a contract EXCEPT: | Address of the seller
# Which of the following BEST describes the project manager's role during the procurement process? | The project manager should supply an understanding of the risks of the project
# What is one of the KEY objectives during contract negotiations? | Obtain a fair and reasonable price
# Which ofthe following activities occurs during the Plan Procurements process? | Make-or-buy decisions
# Which of the following is the BEST thing for a project manager to do in the Conduct Procurements process of procurement management? | Answer sellers' questions about bid documents
# The sponsor is worried about the seller deriving extra profit on the cost plus fixed fee (CPFF) contract. Each month he requires the project manager to submit CPI calculations and an analysis of the cost to complete. The project manager explains to the sponsor that extra profits should NOT be a worry on this project because: | All costs invoiced are being audited
# In a fixed price (FP) contract, the fee or profit is: | Unknown
# A project performed under a cost reimbursable contract has finally entered the Close Procurements process. What MUST the buyer remember to do? | Audit seller's cost submittals
# The sponsor and the project manager are discussing what type of contract the project manager plans to use on the project. The buyer points out that theperforming organization spent a lot of money hiring a design team to come up with the design. The project manager is concerned that the risk for the buyer be as small as possible. An advantage of a fixed price contract for the buyer is: | Cost risk is lower
# As part of the records management system, you are trying to make sure thatall records from the procurement are documented and indexed. Which of the following do you NOT have to worry about? | Negotiation process
# You are in the middle of a complex negotiation when the other party says, "We need to finish in one hour because I have to catch my plane:' That person is using which of the following negotiatian strategies? | Deadline
# Which of the following is an advantage of centralized contracting? | Increased expertise
# With which type of contract is the seller MOST concerned about project scope? | Fixed price 
# Your company has an emergency and needs contracted work done as soon as possible. Under these circumstances, which of the following would be the MOST helpful to add to the contract? | Incentives
# During what part of the procurement process does procurement negotiation occur? | Conduct Procurements
# The project team is arguing about the prospective sellers who have submitted proposals. One team member argues for a certain seller while another team member wants the project awarded to a different seller. What part of the procurement process is the team in? | Conduct Procurements
# The project team seems to like to argue; they have argued about everything. Luckily the project manager has set in place a reward system and team-building sessions that will help and encourage the team to cooperate more. The Iatest thing they are arguing about is whether they should complete a work package themselves or outsource the work to someone else. What part of the procurement process must they be in? | Plan Procurements
# A project manager is in the middle of creating a request for proposal (RFP). What part of the procurement process is she in? | Plan Procurements
# Your program manager has come to you, the project manager, for help with a bid for her newest project. You want to protect your company from financial risk. You have limited scope definition. What is the BEST type of contract to choose? | Cost plus fixed fee (CPFF)
# Negotiations between two parties are becoming complex, so party A makes some notes that both parties sign. However, when the work is being done, party B claims that they are not required to provide an item they both agreed toduring negotiations, because it was not included in the subsequent contract. In this case, party B is: | Generally correct, because both parties are only required to perform what is in the contract
# Your project has just been fast tracked and you are looking to quickly bring in a subcontractor to complete networking. There is no time to issue a request for proposal (RFP), so you choose to use a company you have used many times before for software development. A PRIMARY concern in this situation is: | The subcontractor's qualifications
# The project manager and project sponsor are discussing the project costs and whether it is better to have their own company do part of the project or hire another company to do the work. If they asked for your opinion, you might say it would be better to do the work yourself if: | There is a lot of proprietary data
# After much excitement and hard work, the procurement statement of work for the project is completed. Even after gaining agreement that the procurement statement of work is complete, the project manager is still concerned whether it actually addresses all the buyer's needs. The project manager is about to attend the bidder conference. He asks you for advice on what to do during the session. Which of the following is the BEST advice you can give him? | Make sure you give all the sellers enough time to ask questions. They may not want to ask questions while their competitors are in the room
# A seller is awarded a contract to build a pipeline. The contract terms and conditions require that a work plan be issued for the buyer's approval prior to commencing work, but the seller fails to provide one. Which of the following is the BEST thing for the buyer's project manager to do? | Issue a default letter
# Close Procurements is different from Close Project or Phase in that Close Procurements: | Occurs before project closure
# You have just started administering a contract when management decides to terminate the contract. What should you do FIRST? | Go to the Close Procurements process
# The project team is arguing about the prospective sellers who have submitted proposals. One team member argues for a certain seller while another team member wants the project to be awarded to a different seller, The BEST thing the project manager should remind the team to focus on in order to make a selection is the: | Evaluation criteria
# The performing organization is trying to decide whether to split the contracts department and assign procurement responsibilities to departments directly responsible for the projects. A procurement professional might not want this split to occur because they would lose ____ in a decentralized contracting environment. | Access to others with similar expertise
# During project executing, your project team member delivers a project deliverable to the buyer. However, the buyer refuses the deliverable, stating that it does not meet the requirement on page 300 of the technical specifications. You review the document and find that you agree. What is the BEST thing to do? | Review the requirements and meet with the responsible team member to review the WBS dictionary
# What type of contract do you NOT want to use if you do not have enough labor to audit invoices? | Cost plus fixed fee (CPFF) 
# A new project manager is about to begin creating the procurement statement of work. One stakeholder wants to add many items to the procurement statement of work. Another stakeholder only wants to describe the functional requirements. The project is important for the project manager's company, but a seller will do the work. How would you advise the project manager? | The procurement statement of work should be as detailed as necessary for the type of project
# When a product or service completely meets a customer's requirements: | Quality is achieved
# To what does the following sentence refer? "The point where the benefits or revenue to be received from improving quality equals the incremental cost to achieve that quality" | Marginal analysis
# A project has faced major difficulties in the quality of its deliverables. Management now states that quality is the most important project constraint. If another problem with quality were to occur, what would be the BEST thing for the project manager to do? | Allow cost to increase by fixing the root cause of the problem
# A manager notices that a project manager is holding a meeting with some of the team and some stakeholders to discuss the quality of the project. The project schedule has been compressed, and the CPI is 1.1. They have worked hard on the project, the team has been rewarded according to the reward system the project manager put in place, and there is a strong sense of team. The manager suggests that the project manager does not have enough time to hold meetings about quality when the schedule is so compressed. Which of the following BEST describes why the manager is wrong? | Improved quality leads to increased productivity, increased cost effectiveness, and decreased cost risk
# From the project perspective, quality attributes: | Are specific characteristics for which a product is designed and tested
# Quality is: | The degree to which the project meets requirements 
# All the following are examples of Perform Quality Control EXCEPT: | Cost of quality
# Pareto charts help the project manager: | Focus on the most critical issues to improve quality
# A control chart helps the project manager: | Determine if a process is functioning within set limits
# Testing the entire population would: | Take too long
# All of the following are examples of the cost of nonconformance EXCEPT: | Quality training
# Standard deviation is a measure of how: | Far the measurement is from the mean
# What percentage of the total distribution is 3 sigma from the mean equal to? | 99.73%
# All of the following result from quality audits EXCEPT | Creation of quality metrics
# A control chart shows seven data points in a row on one side of the mean. What should be done? | Find an assignable cause
# You are managing a project in a just-in-time environment. This will require more attention, because the amount of inventory in such an environment is generally: | 0 percent
# In planning your project, which would generally have the highest priority: quality, cost, or schedule? | It should be decided for each project
# You are the program level manager with several project activities underway. In the executing process group, you begin to become concerned about the accuracy of progress reports from the projects. What would BEST support your opinion that there is a problem? | Quality audits
# A project manager and team from a firm that designs railroad equipment are tasked to design a machine to load stone onto railroad cars. The design allows for two percent spillage, amounting to over two tons of spilled rock per day. In which of the following does the project manager document quality control, quality assurance, and quality improvements for this project? | Quality management plan
# During a team meeting, the team adds a specific area of extra work to the project because they have determined it would benefit the customer. What is wrong in this situation? | The team is gold plating
# The project team has created a plan for how they will implement the quality policy. It addresses the organizational structure, responsibilities, procedures, and other information about plans for quality. If this changes during the project, WHICH of the following plans will also change? | Project management
# You are a project manager for a major information systems project. Someone from the quality department comes to see you about beginning a quality audit of your project. The team, already under pressure to complete the project as soon as possible, objects to the audit. You should explain to the team that the purpose of a quality audit is:| To identify inefficient and ineffective policies
# You are in the middle of a major new facility construction project. The structural steel is in place and the heating conduits are going into place, when a senior manager informs you that he is worried that the project will not meet the quality standards. What should you do in this situation? | Form a quality assurance team
# You are asked to select tools and techniques to implement a quality assurance program to supplement existing quality control activities. Which of the following would NOT be appropriate for this purpose? | Focus groups
# The new software installation project is in progress. The project manager is working with the quality assurance department to improve everyone's confidence that the project will satisfy the quality standards. Which of the following MUST they have before they start this process? | Quality control measurements
# The project you are working on has an increase in cost effectiveness, increased productivity, and increased morale. What might be the reason for these changes? | Increased quality
# A project manager has just taken over the project from another project manager during the execution of the project. The previous project manager created a project budget, determined communications requirements, and went on to complete work packages. What should the new project manager do NEXT? | Identify quality standards
# A project is facing a major change to its project deliverables. If the project manager is involved in determining which quality standards are relevant to the change, the project manager must be involved in: | Plan Quality
# At the end of a project, a project manager determines that the project has added four areas of functionality and three areas of performance. The customer has expressed satisfaction with the project. What does this mean in terms of success of the project? | The project was unsuccessful because it was gold plated
# During project executing, a project team member informs the project manager that a work package has not met the quality metric, and that she believes it is not possible to meet it. The project manager meets with all parties concerned to analyze the situation. Which part of the quality management process is the project manager involved in? | Perform Quality Control
# The project manager notices that project activities being completed by one department are all taking slightly longer than planned. To date, none of theactivities/work packages have been on the critical path, nor have they affected the critical chain planning that has occurred. The project manager is bothered by the problem, since four of the next five critical path activities are being completed by this department. After making three calls, the project manager is finally able to converse with the department manager to determine what is going on. The conversation is slow, because both speak different native languages and they are trying to converse in French, a shared language. | Work on increasing the effectiveness of the performing organization by recommending continuous improvement of the policy in question
# As the project manager, you are preparing your methods for quality management. You are looking for a method that can demonstrate the relationship between events and their resulting effects. You want to use a method to depict the events that cause a negative effect on quality. Which of the following is the BEST choice for accomplishing your objective? | Ishikawa diagram
# Which of the following explains why quality is planned in and not inspected in? | It improves quality and is less expensive
# Work on a project is ongoing when the project manager overhears two workers arguing over what a set of instructions mean. The project manager investigates and discovers that the instructions for the construction of the concrete footings currently being poured were poorly translated between the different languages in use on the project. Which of the following is the BEST thing for the project manager to do FIRST? | Look for quality impacts of the poor translation of the instructions for the footings
# All of the following are forms of power derived from the project manager's position EXCEPT: | Expert
# The highest point of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is called: | Esteem
# The halo effect refers to the tendency to: | Move people into project management because they are good in their technical fields.
# The sponsor's role on a project is BEST described as: | Helping to prevent unnecessary changes to project objectives
# Which of the following conflict resolution techniques will generate the MOST lasting solution? | Problem solving
# The MOST common causes of conflict on a project are schedules, project priorities, and: | Resources
# What conflict resolution technique is a project manager using when he says, "I cannot deal with this issue now!" | Withdrawal
# What does a resource histogram show that a responsibility assignment matrix does not? | Time
# You have just been assigned as project manager for a large telecommunications project. This one-year project is about halfway done. The project team consists of 5 sellers and 20 of your company's employees. You want to understand who is responsible for doing what on the project. Where would you find such information? | Responsibility assignment matrix
# During project planning in a matrix organization, the project manager determines that additional human resources are needed. From whom would he request these resources? | Functional manager
# A project manager must publish a project schedule. Activities, start/end times, and resources are identified. What should the project manager do NEXT? | Confirm the availability of the resources
# During every project team meeting, the project manager asks each team member to describe the work he or she is doing, and the project manager assigns new activities to team members. The length of these meetings has increased because there are many different activities to assign. This could be happening for all the following reasons EXCEPT: | Lack of resource leveling
# You are a project manager leading a cross-functional project team in a weak matrix environment. None of your project team members report to you functionally, and you do not have the ability to directly reward their performance. The project is difficult, involving tight date constraints and challenging quality standards. Which of the following types of project management power will likely be the MOST effective in this circumstance? | Expert
# A team member is not performing well on the project because she is inexperienced in system development work. There is no one else available who is better qualified to do the work. What is the BEST solution for the project manager? | Arrange for the team member to get training
# A project manager has just found out that a major subcontractor for her project is consistently late delivering work. The project team member responsible for this part of the project does not get along with the subcontractor. To resolve the problem, the project manager says, "You both will have to give up something to solve this problern," What conflict resolution method is she using? | Compromise
# A project has several teams. Team C has repeatedly missed deadlines in the past. This has caused team D to have to crash the critical path several times. As the team leader for team D, you should meet with the: | Project manager and the leader of team C
# The new project is exciting to both the project manager and the team. This is the project manager's first assignment as project manager. The team has the feeling that they will be able to complete work that has never been tried before. There are 29 people contributing to the product description, and the team consists of nine highly experienced experts in their field. Part of the way through planning, three highly technical team members are disagreeing about the scope of two of the deliverables. | He should listen to the differences of opinions, encourage logical discussions, and facilitate an agreement
# The project is just starting out and consists of people from 14 different departments. The project charter was signed by one person and contains over 30 major requirements that must be met on the project. The sponsor has informed the project manager that the SPI must be kept between 0.95 and 1.1. A few minutes of investigation resulted in the identification of 34 stakeholders, and the schedule objectives on the project are constrained. A project manager has just been hired. Which of the following types of project management power will BEST help the project manager gain the cooperation of others? | Formal
# A project manager is trying to settle a dispute between two team members. One says the systems should be integrated before testing, and the other maintains each system should be tested before integration. The project involves over 30 people, and 12 systems need to be integrated. The sponsor is demanding that integration happen on time. What is the BEST statement the project manager can make to resolve the conflict? | Let's do limited testing before integration and finish testing after integration
# A project is in the middle of execution when a stakeholder suggests a major new change. This change will cause the third major overhaul of the project. At the same time, the project manager discovers that a major work package was not completed because a team member's boss moved him to another project that had a higher priority. Which of the following is the BEST person for the project manger to address these issues with? | The sponsor
# What theory proposes that employees' efforts will lead to effective performance and the employees will be rewarded for accomplishments? | Expectancy
# Conflict resolution techniques that may be used on a project include confronting, smoothing, forcing, and: | Withdrawing
# The installation project has a CPI of 1.03 and an SPI of 1.0. There are 14 team members, and each team member had input into the final project management plan. The customer has accepted the three deliverables completed so far without complaint and the responsibility assignment matrix has not changed since the project began. The project is being completed in a matrix environment and there are no contracts needed for the project. Though the sponsor is happy with the status of the project, one of the team members is always complaining about how much time his project work is taking. Which of the following would be the BEST thing for the project manager to do? | Review the reward system for the project
# The project has been challenging to manage. Everyone has been on edge due to pressure to complete the project on time. Unfortunately, the tension has grown to the point where team meetings have become shouting matches and little work is accomplished during the meetings. One team member asks to be excused from future team meetings, as all the shouting upsets him. Meanwhile, the sponsor has asked to attend team meetings in order to better understand how the project is going and the issues involved in completing the project, and the customer has started discussions about adding scope to the project. In this situation, it would be BEST for the project manager to: | Create new ground rules for the meetings and introduce them to the team
# Project performance appraisals are different from team performance assessments in that project performance appraisals focus on: | How an individual team member is performing on the project
# A project manager had a complex problem to solve and made a decision about what needed to be done. A few months later, the problem resurfaced. What did the project manager MOST likely not do? | Confirm that the decision solved the problem
# The project CPI is 1.02, the benefit cost ratio is 1.7, and the latest round of performance reviews identified few needed adjustments. The project team was co-located into a new building when the project started. Everyone commented on how excited they were to have all new facilities. The sponsor is providing adequate support for the project, and few unidentified risks have occurred. In an attempt to improve performance, the project manager spends part of the project budget on new chairs for the team members and adds the term "senior" to each team member's job title. Which of the following is the MOST correct thing that can be said of this project or the project manager? | The project manager has misunderstood Herzberg's theory
# You just found out that a major subcontractor for your project consistently provides deliverables late. The subcontractor approaches you and asks you to continue accepting late deliverables in exchange for a decrease in project costs. This offer is an example of: | Compromise
# The management theory that states that all people can direct their own efforts is: | Theory Y
# Which of the following leadership traits is MOST important for a project manager? | Communication
# During the first half of the project, five team members left for other projects without being replaced, two team members went on vacation without informing you, and other team members expressed uncertainty about the work they were to complete. In this situation, it is BEST if you create a _____ for the second half of the project. | Staffing management plan
# The project manager is looking at the project's resource needs and lessons learned from past projects. This information causes the project manager to be concerned about the ability to acquire enough resources for the project in six months. Which of the following would be the LEAST effective preventive action? | Make sure functional managers have a copy of the resource histogram
# A large project is underway when one of the team members reviews the project status report. He sees that the project is currently running late. As he looks at the report further, he notices that the delay will cause one of his activities to be scheduled during a time he will be out of the country and cannot work on the activity. This is of great concern because he is very committed to the project being successful and he does not want to be the cause of the project being further delayed. What is the BEST THING for him to do? | Recommend preventive action
# There have been many work packages completed successfully on the project, and the sponsor has made some recommendations for improvements. The project is on schedule to meet an aggressive deadline when the successor activity to a critical path activity suffers a major setback. The activity has 14 days of float and is being completed by four people. There are two other team members with the skill set to assist the troubled activity, if needed. The project manager receives a call that three other team members are attempting to be removed from the project because they do not feel the project can be successful. When the project manager pursues this, she discovers that those team members have issues that have not been addressed. Which of the following is the BEST thing to do to improve the project? | Create an issue log
# To control the schedule, a project manager is reanalyzing the project to predict project duration. She does this by analyzing the sequence of activities with the least amount of scheduling flexibility. What technique is she using? | Critical path method
# A dependency requiring that design be completed before manufacturing can start is an example of a: | Mandatory dependency
# Which of the following are GENERALLY illustrated BETTER by bar charts than network diagrams? | Progress or status
# If the optimistic estimate for an activity is 12 days, and the pessimistic estimate is 18 days, what is the standard deviation of this activity? | 1
# A heuristic is BEST described as a: | Rule of thumb
# Lag means: | Waiting time
# Which of the following is the BEST project management tool to use to determine the longest time the project will take? | Network diagram
# Which of the following is CORRECT | The critical path helps prove how long the project will take
# What is the duration of a milestone? | There is no duration
# Which ofthe following BEST describes the relationship between standard deviation and risk? | Standard deviation tells you how unsure the estimate is
# The float of an activity is determined by | Determining the amount of time the activity can be delayed before it delays the critical path
# A project has three critical paths. Which of the following BEST describes how this affects the project? | It increases the project risk
# If project time and cost are not as important as the number of resources used each month, which of the following is the BEST thing to do? | Perform resource leveling
# When would a milestone chart be used instead of a bar chart? | Reporting to management
# Your project management plan results in a project schedule that is too long. If the project network diagram cannot change but you have extra personnel resources, what is the BEST thing to do? | Crash the project
# Which of the following is the BEST thing to do to try to complete a project two days earlier? | Meet with the team and look for options for crashing or fast tracking the critical path
# In attempting to complete the project faster, the project manager looks at the cost associated with crashing each activity. The BEST approach to crashing would also indude looking at the: | Risk impact of crashing each activity
# Which of the following processes incudes asking team members about the time estimates for their activities and reaching agreement on the calendar date for each activity? | Develop Schedule
# A project manager is in the middle of the executing process of a very large construction project when he discovers that the time needed to complete the project is longer than the time available. What is the BEST thing to do? | Determine options for schedule compression and present management with his recommended option
# During project planning, you estimate the time needed for each activity and then add the estimates to create the project estimate. You commit to completing the project by this date. What is wrong with this scenario? | The team did not create the estimate, and a network diagram was not used
# You are a project manager on a $5,000,000 software development project. While working with your project team to develop a network diagram, you notice a series of activities that can be worked in parallel but must finish in a specific sequence. What type of activity sequencing method is required for these activities? | Precedence diagramming method
# You are a project manager on a $5,000,000 software development project. While working with your project team to develop a network diagram, your data architects suggest that quality could be improved if the data model is approved by senior management before moving on to other design elements. They support this suggestion with an article from a leading software development journal. Which of the following BEST describes what this type of input is called? | Discretionary dependency
# Based on the following, if you needed to shorten the duration of the project, what activity would you try to shorten? | Activity C
# You have a project with the following activities: Activity A takes 40 hours and can start after the project starts. Activity B takes 25 hours and should happen after the project starts. Activity C must happen after activity A and takes 35 hours. Activity D must happen after activities Band C and takes 30 hours. Activity E must take place after activity C and takes 10 hours. Activity F takes place after Activity E and takes 22 hours. Activities F and D are the last activities of the project. Which of the following is TRUE if activity B actually takes 37 hours? | The critical path is Start, A, C, E, F, End
# A project manager has received activity duration estimates from his team. Which of the following does he need in order to complete the Develop Schedule process? | Reserves
# A project manager is taking over a project from another project manager during the planning process group. If the new project manager wants to see what the previous project manager planned for managing changes to the schedule, it would be BEST to look at the: | Schedule management plan
# A project manager is using weighted average duration estimates to perform schedule network analysis. Which type of mathematical analysis is being used? | PERT
# The WBS, estimates for each work package, and the network diagram are completed. Which of the following would be the NEXT thing for the project manager to do? | Create a preliminary schedule and get the teams approval
# A new product development project has four levels in the work breakdown structure and has been sequenced using the precedence diagramming method. The activity duration estimates have been received. What should be done NEXT? | Compress the schedule
# You are a project manager for a new product development project that has four levels in the work breakdown structure. A network diagram has been created, the duration estimates have been compressed, and a schedule has been developed. What time management activity should you do NEXT? | Gain approval
# A team member from research and development tells you that her work is too creative to provide you with a fixed single estimate for the activity. You both decide to use the labor hours per installation from past projects to predict the future. This is an example of which of the following? | Parametric estimating
# An activity has an early start (ES) of day 3, a late start (LS) of day 13, an early finish (EF) of day 9, and a late finish (LF) of day 19. The activity: | Is not on the critical path
# The project is calculated to be completed four days after the desired completion date. You do not have access to additional resources. The project is low risk, the benefit cost ratio (BCR) is expected to be 1.6, and the dependencies are preferential. Under these circumstances, what would be the BEST thing to do? | Make more activities concurrent
# A project manager for a small construction company has a project that was budgeted for $130,000 over a six-week period. According to her schedule, the project should have cost $60,000 to date. However, it has cost US $90,000 to date. The project is also behind schedule, because the original estimates were not accurate. Who has the PRIMARY responsibility to solve this problem? | Project manager
# Senior management is complaining that they are not able to easily determine the status of ongoing projects in the organization. Which of the following types of reports would help provide summary information to senior management? | Milestone reports
# Rearranging resources so that a constant number of resources is used each month is called: | Leveling
# Which of the following is a benefit of an analogous project estimate? | It gives the project team an understanding of management's expectations 
# During project executing, a large number of changes are made to the project. The project manager should: | Make approved changes as needed, but retain the schedule baseline
# Extensive use of ___ communication is most likely to aid in solving complex problems. | Written
# The work breakdown structure can be an effective aid for communication in which situation(s) | Internal and external to the project
# The MOST likely result of communication blockers is that: | Conflict occurs
# Communications are often enhanced when the sender ___ the receiver. | Shows concern for the perspective of
# Formal written correspondence with the customer is required when: | The customer requests additional work not covered under contract
# A project manager has a problem with a team member's performance. What is the BEST form of communication for addressing this problem? | Informal verbal communication
# Communications under a contract should tend toward: | Formal written communication
# The project status report is an example of which type of communication? | Formal written communication
# When a project manager is engaged in negotiations, nonverbal communication skills are of: | Major importance
# A large, one-year telecommunications project is about halfway done when you take the place of the previous project manager. The project involves three different sellers and a project team of 30 people. You would like to see the project's communications requirements and what technology is being used to aid in project communications. Where will you find this information? | The communications management plan
# Project information has been distributed according to the communications management plan. Some project deliverables have been changed in accordance with the project management plan. One stakeholder expressed surprise to the project manager upon hearing of a previously published change to a project deliverable. All stakeholders received the communication containing notification of the change. What should the project manager do? | Review the communications management plan and make revisions if necessary
# Communication is the key to the success of a project. As the project manager, you have three stakeholders with whom you need to communicate. As such, you have six channels of communication. A new stakeholder has been added that you also need to communicate with. How many communications channels do you have now? | 10
# Two people are arguing about what needs to be done to complete a work package. If the project manager wants to know what is going on, she should pay MOST attention to: | The pitch and tone of the voices, and physical mannerisms
# A project manager has a project team consisting of people in four countries. The project is very important to the company, and the project manager is concerned about its success. The length of the project schedule is acceptable. What type of communication should he use? | Formal written communication
# The project status meeting is not going weIl. Everyone is talking at the same time, there are people who are not participating, and many topics are being discussed at random. Which of the following rules for effective meetings is NOT being adhered to? | Create and publish an agenda and a set of rules for controlling the meeting
# You have just been assigned as project manager for a large manufacturing project. This one-year project is about halfway done. It involves five different sellers and 20 members of your company on the project team. You want to quickly review where the project now stands. Which of the following reports would be the MOST helpful in finding such information? | Progress
# A team member is visiting the manufacturing plant of one of the suppliers. Which of the following is the MOST important thing to be done in any telephone calls the project manager might make to the team member? | Ask the team member to repeat back what the project manager says
# A project manager overhears a conversation between two stakeholders who are talking about how unhappy they are with the impacts of the project on their own departments. Stakeholder A asks if the project is on time, and stakeholder B replies that the SPI is 1.05. Stakeholder A asks if the project manager for the project knows of stake holder B's concern. Stakeholder B responds that he is not sure. What is the BEST thing for the project manager to do? | Arrange a meeting with both stakeholders to allow them to voice any concerns they may have
# A project manager wants to more extensively involve the stakeholders on the project. Which of the following would be the BEST way to accomplish this? | Have the stakeholders periodically review the list of project requirements
# During the middle of the project, things have been going well. The work authorization system has allowed people to know when to start work, and the issue log has helped keep track of stakeholders' needs. The benefit cost ratio has been improving, and the sponsor has expressed his appreciation for the team members' efforts by hosting a milestone party for the team. The project manager gets a call from a team member saying that the results from the completion of their activity's predecessor is two days late. Which of the following reasons would BEST describe why this occurred? | Functional management was not included in the communications management plan
# A project manager has just been assigned a team that comes from many countries, including Brazil, Japan, the US, and Britain. What is her BEST tool for success? | Communication and well-developed people skills
# The project has 13 team members and affects over 15 departments in the organization. Because the project is 20 percent complete to date and the team has had successful performance reports from five of the affected departmnents, the project manager holds a party to celebrate. The project manager invites key stakeholders from all of the departments to the party, in order to give those providing good reviews an informal opportunity to communicate good things to those departments that have not yet been affected by the project. At the party, the project manager walks around to try to discover any relevant information that would help the project be more successful. He happens to hear a manager of one of the departments talking about setting up more regular meetings on the project. The BEST thing for the project manager to do would be to FIRST: | Review the information distribution methods on the project
# The purpose of status meetings is to: | Exchange information about the project
# The requirements of many stakeholders were not approved for inclusion in your project. Therefore, you had a difficult time receiving formal approval of the project management plan for this project. The stakeholders argued and held up the project while they held meeting after meeting about their requirements. The project was finally approved and work began six months ago. All of the following would be good preventive actions to implement EXCEPT: | Hold meetings with the stakeholders to go over the work that will not be added to the project
# The project manager is expecting a deliverable to be submitted by e-mail from a team member today. At the end of the day, the project manager contacts the team member to notify him that it has not been received. The team member apologizes and says that he was not able to e- mail the deliverable, and it was sent through themail instead. The team member goes on to explain that he notified the project manager that this would occur during a phone conversation they had while the project manager was traveling. "Wasn't that the conversation we had when I told you I could not hear you well due to poor cell phone coverage?" asks the project manager. "Yes," replies the team member. What could have avoided this problem? | Feedback during the communication
# When do stakeholders have the MOST influence on a project? | At the beginning of the project
# The project has been going well, except for the number of changes being made. The project is being installed into seven different departments within the company and will greatly improve departmental performance when operational. There are 14 project management processes selected for use on this project. The project manager is a technical expert as well as having been trained in communications and managing people. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of the project problems? | Some stakeholders were not identified
# Stakeholders can be identified in which project management process groups? | Initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing
# If a project manager wants to report on the actual project results vs. planned results, she should use a: | Variance report
# A particular stakeholder has a reputation for making many changes on projects. What is the BEST approach a project manager can take at the beginning of the project to manage this situation? | Get the stakeholder involved in the project as early as possible
# A work breakdown structure numbering system allows project staff to: | identify the level at which individual elements are found
# The work breakdown structure can BEST be thought of as an effective aid for_______ communications. | stakeholder
# Which of the following is a KEY attribute of scope verification? | Customer acceptance of project deliverables 
# During project executing, a team member comes to the project manager because he is not sure of what work he needs to accomplish on the project. Which of the following documents contain detailed descriptions of work-packages? | WBS dictionary
# During what part of the project management process group is the project scope statement created? | Planning
# A project management plan should be realistic in order to be used to manage the project. Which of the following is the BEST method to achieve a realistic project management plan | Project manager creates the project management plan based on input from the team
# What approach to developing a WBS involves writing down or drawing ideas in a nonlinear format? | mind mapping
# Which tool or technique for collecting requirements is often the most expensive and time consuming? | Interview
# To control the schedule, a project manager is analyzing the project to predict project duration. She does this by analyzing the sequence of activities with the least amount of scheduling flexibility. What technique is she using? | Critical path method
# A dependency requiring that design be completed before manufacturing can start is an example of a: | mandatory dependency
# Which of the following are GENERALLY illustrated BETTER by bar charts than network diagrams? | Progress or status
# If the optimistic estimate for an activity is 14 days, the most likely estimate is 15 days, and the pessimistic estimate is 19 days, what should the duration of this activity? | 15.5 days
# Which of the following is the BEST project management tool to use to determine the longest time the project will take? | Network diagram
# Which of the following is CORRECT? | A critical path can run over a dummy
# Which of the following processes includes asking team members about the time estimates for their activities and reaching the agreement on the calendar date for each activity? | Develop Schedule
# One common way to compute estimate at completion (EAC) is to take the budget at completion (BAC) and: | divide by CPI
# Estimate at completion (EAC) is periodic evaluation of: | anticipated total cost at project completion.
# If earned value (EV) = 450, actual cost (AC) = 400, planned value (PV)=425, what is cost variance (CV)? | 50
# Analogous estimating: | uses actual detailed historical costs
# The cost of choosing one project and giving up another is called: | opportunity cost.
# Cost performance measurement is BEST done through which of the following? | Calculating earned value and using the indexes and other calculations to report pas performance and forecast future performance.
# A cost performance index (CPI) of 0.89 means: | The project is only getting 89 percent out of every dollar invested.
# When a product or service completely meets a customer's requirements: | quality is achieved.
# Who is ultimately responsible for quality management on the project? | Project manager
# A team is using a fishbone diagram to help determine what quality standards will be used on the project. What part of the quality management process are they in? | Quality planning
# All of the following are tools/ techniques of Perform Quality Assurance, EXCEPT? | Reserve analysis
# From the project perspective, quality attributes: | are specific characteristics for which a product is designed and tested.
# Quality is: | the degree to which the project meets requirements.
# Pareto charts helps the project manager: | focus on the most critical issues to improve quality.
# Which of the following is not part of project human resource management? | Resource estimating
# ___________causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment. | Intrinsic motivation
# At the bottom of Maslow's pyramid or hierarchy of needs are _____ needs | Physiological
# According to McClelland's acquired needs theory, people who desire harmonious relation with other people and need to feel accepted have a high_______ need. | Affiliation
# ________ power is based on a person's individual charisma. | Referent
# A________ maps the work of a project as described in the WBS to the people responsible for performing the work. | responsibility assignment matrix
# A staffing management plan often includes a resource ___________, which is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to the project overtime. | Histogram
# What technique can you use to resolve resource conflicts by delaying tasks? | resource leveling
# What do many experts agree is the greatest threat to the success of any project? | a failure to communicate
# Which communication skill is most important for information technology professionals for career advancement? | speaking
# Which of the following is NOT a process of communication management? | Acquiring project team
# A_______ is an approach to help increase the support of stakeholders throughout the project | stakeholder management strategy
# Which of the following is not a preferred section in communication plan? | Training activities
# A_____ report describes where the project stands at a specific point time. | status
# When using the ________, project managers directly face a conflict using a problem-solving approach that allows affected parties to work through their disagreements. | confrontation mode
# Which is not a process in the Risk Management knowledge area? | Risk Design
# Contingency reserves are used to handle which type of risk? | Known unknowns
# Which of the following statements is false? | Uncertainty and risk are lowest at the start of the project and greatest at the end.
# A risk response which involves reducing the impact of a risk event by reducing the probability of its occurrence is called: | Mitigation 
# When should a risk be avoided? | When the risk event is unacceptable -- generally one with a very high probability of occurrence and high impact. 
# An example of risk mitigation is: | Using proven technology in the development of a product to lessen the probability that the product will not work
# A risk ________ is a document that contains results of various risk management processes, often displayed in a table or spreadsheet format. | register
# Suppose there is a 20 percent chance that you will earn $10,000 and a 80 percent chance that you will lose $100,000 on a particular protect. What is the projects estimated monetary value? | -$78.000
# Which type of contract has the least amount of risk for buyer | fixed-price
# Which type of contract has the least amount of risk for seller | cost plus percentage of costs
# An item you need for a project has a daily lease cost of $200. To purchase the item, there is an investment cost of $6000 and a daily cost of $50. Calculate the number of days when the lease cost would be the same as the purchase cost. | 40
# A proposal evaluation sheet is an example of a(n) ________________ | weighted scoring model
# Your organization hired a specialist in a certain field to provide training for a short period of time. Which reason for outsourcing would this fall under? | accessing skills and technologies
# Buyers often prepare a _____________ list when selecting a seller to make this process more manageable. | short
# A unilateral contract under which the seller is paid a preset amount per unit of service is called: | A unit price contract 
# If your college or university wanted to get information from potential sellers for providing a new sports stadium, what type of document would they require of the potential sellers? | Proposal
# Which of the followings is NOT an advantage of using formal project managements? | Reduce the number of reisk of the project
# At the planning stage of the project, the project manager defined that the cost and quality goals are the most important, but the project met quality goals and made customer happy when it has completed. This project is ___ | success 
# In which of the following phases, do we have to develop a Work Breakdown Structure at level +3 at least? | development
# Which of the following characteristics shows the degree to which work activities are organized around groups or team, rather than individuals? | group emphasis
# Which of the following knowledge areas leads to specific project objectives? | Scope management
# ___ processes include coordinating people and other resources to carry out the project plans and produc the products, services, or results of the project or phase | excuting
# Project manager's authority in the project organization structure is ___ | moderate to high
# the project management must answer the following questions, except | are we working on the right project? 
# project environment is unique so project requires a unique approach in project management | false (true_la dung_manhnl) 
# direct and manage project executing belongs to the ___ PM Process Group | executing
# In which of the following, project managers' risk management skills are more important? | high uncertainty project 
# Which of the following IT project portfolio categories will an organization have the highest risk when implementing? | transform the business projects 
# In which of the following phases, can we develop a definitive cost estimate? | implementation 
# competition for scarre resources make conflict a central issue in organizations, and power improves the ability to botain scarre rescources. which of the following should project managers use to understand the organization in order to be more effective in that issue? | political frame 
# All of the following aspects are very important for project managers to be competitive, except | project managers should have high technical skills
# all of the following are basic IT project portfolio categories, except? | transform: project in this category can be done to poen new business domain 
# which of the following is NOT a project | a technician updates incorrect data weekly 
# all of the following shows the organizational commitment to information technology, except | assigning enough IT rescources to IT projects 
# the companies that excel in project delivery capability do all of the following practices in project management, except | spend enough money for the project 
# All of the following skills are very important for project managers, except | development 
# In the ___, leadership, people skills, having vision and goals, self confidence, expectations management, and listening skills were most important | very novel projects 
# a program is which one of the following | a collection of projects with a common objective 
# develop project charter work belongs to the __ PM process group | initiating 
# which of the following will help an organization make sure that the projects contribute to the entire enterprise's success | project management 
# __ addresses the authority and control for key IT activities in organizations, including IT infrastructure, IT use, and project management | IT govemance
# ___ is a framework for describing the phases involved in developing and maintaining information systems | the systems development life cycle 
# which of the following knowledge areas is a facilitating knowledge area tha means througn which the project objectives are achieved | human resources management 
# a ___ is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management | project chapter (sai:management plan) 
# All of the following are phases of the traditional project lifecycle, except? | coding
# __ ensures that the descriptions of the project's products are correct and complete | configuration management 
# a new government law requires an organization to report data in a new way. Under which category would a new information system project to provide this data fall | directive
# Which of the following is not one project attribute? | Has one or more purposes
# An example of a project is: | Constructing a building or facility
# ______help their organizations make wise investment decisions by helping to select and analyze projects from a strategic perspective | Portfolio managers
# Which of the following concerns on tactical goals? | Project management
# In many organizations, project managers also support an emerging business strategy of project portfolio management. Portfolio management addresses question like_____. | Are we working on the right projects?
# Quadruple Constraints of Project Management means ____constraints | Cost, time, quality, and scope
# A program is which one of the following? | A collection of projects with a common objective
# In early phases of a traditional project life cycle, resource needs are usually ____ and the level of uncertainty is ____. | lowest, highest
# In which of the following phases, can we develop a definitive cost estimate? | Implementation
# All of the following are phases of the traditional project lifecycle, Except? | Coding
# Who control the project budget in balance matrix organization structure? | Both project manager and functional manager
# Project manager's authority in the project organization structure is | High to almost total
# _____ focuses on producing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of the people | The human resources frame
# Which is not a process group in project management (as mentioned in the PMBOK)? | Feedback
# During project plan execution: | The project manager uses corrective action to bring future performance in line with the project plan.
# In which process group do we identify human and non-human resources required for a project? | Initiating
# _______processes include coordinating people and other resources to carry out the project plans and produce the products, services, or results of the project or phase | Executing
# Which of the following outputs is often completed before initiating a project? | Business case
# Which is NOT a task that is taken in pre-initiation phase? | Develop project charter
# Which of the following processes is NOT a part of project integration management | develop the project business case
# What is the last step in four-stage planning processes for selecting information technology project? | Resource allocation
# Which of the following is NOT a best practice for new product development projects? | select projects that will take less than two years to provide payback
# If estimates for total discounted benefits for a project are $320,000 and total discounted costs are $200,000, what is the estimated return on investment (ROI)? | 60 percent
# _________ ensures that the descriptions of the project's products are correct and complete. | Configuration management
# Which of the following items is not an objective of integrated change control? | Make sure that project get more money from customer
# Project Stakeholder are: | Anybody who is actively working on the project
# An example of a project is: | Constructing a building or facility
# Company procedures require the creation of a lessons learned document. Which of the following is the BEST use of lessons learned? | Historical records for future projects
# Consideration of ongoing operations and maintenance is crucially important to products of projects. Ongoing operations and maintenance should: | Not be viewed as part of a project. A project is temporary with a definite beginning and end.
# One of your team members informs you that he does not know which of the many projects he is working on is the most important. Who should determine the priorities among projects in a company? | The project management office
# All of the following are part of the team's stakeholder management effort EXCEPT | Giving stakeholders extras.
# Direct and manage project executing belongs to the ...... PM Process Group. | Executing
# Scope definition is important to the success of the project EXCEPT: | It serves as the basis for future project decisions.
# Which of the following can be used to determine what work is included in each work package for each of your team members? | Work Breakdown Structure Dictionary
# All of the following occur during the planning process group EXCEPT: | Develop project Charter.
# All of the following are outputs of the close project process EXCEPT: | Deliverables
# A detailed project schedule can be created only after creating the ___ | Work breakdown structure.
# Control project schedule belongs to the ________ PM Process Group | Monitoring and Controlling
# Which of the following is not a best practice for new product development projects? | select projects that will take less than two years to provide payback
# A new government law requires an organization to report data in a new way. Under which category would a new information system project to provide this data fall? | Directive
# Which of the following describe the BEST use of historical records from previous projects? | Estimating, risk management, and project planning
# Which of the following is not a suggestion for performing integrated change control? | minimize change
# What approach to developing a WBS involves writing down or drawing ideas in a nonlinear format | mind mapping
# All of the following are outputs of the scope definition process EXCEPT: | Preliminary project scope statement
# The construction phase of a new software product is near completion. The next phases are testing and implementation. The project is two weeks ahead of schedule. What should project manager be MOST concerned with before moving on to the final phase? | Verify scope
# During a project team meeting, a team member suggests an enhancement to the scope that is beyond the scope of project charter. The project manager points out the team needs to concentrate on completing all the work and only the work required. This is an example of ____ | Scope management.
# Senior management is complaining that they are not able to easily determine the status of ongoing projects in the organization. Which of the following type of reports that would help provided summary information to senior management? | Milestone reports
# You are the project manager for the LLL Project. Steven, a project team member, is confused about network diagrams. Specifically, he wants to know what the critical path is in a network diagram. Your answer is which one of the following? | The critical path is the path with the longest duration.
# If the optimistic time estimate for an activity is 8 days, most likely time is 10 days, and pessimistic time is 24 days. What is PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) weighted average of this activity? | 12
# You are the project manager for the MNB Project. You and your project team are about to enter into the activity duration estimating process. Which of the following will not be helpful in your meeting? | The project contract
# Which of the following represent the portion of the approved total cost estimate planned to be spent on an activity during a given period? | Planned value (PV)
# The main focus of life cycle costing is to ___ | Consider operations and maintenance costs in making project decisions.
# The project manager is allocating overall cost estimate to individual activities to establish a baseline for measuring project performance. What process is this? | Determine Budget
# What percentage of the total distribution is 1 sigma from the mean equal to? | 68.29% 
# Which of the following methods is used to provide a standard to measure performance? | Benchmarking
# Which of the following statements are FALSE regarding quality audits? | Quality audits are generally performed after scope verification, but can also be performed in parallel with scope verification
# Pareto charts help project manager _____ | Focus on most critical issues to improve quality.
# Quality is ___ | The degree to which the project meets requirements
# As the project manager, you are preparing your methods for quality management. You are looking for a method that can demonstrate the relationship between events and their resulting effects. You want to use a method to depict the events that cause a negative effect on quality. Which of the following is the BEST choice for accomplishing your objectives? | Ishikawa diagram
# During the first half of the project, five team member left for other projects without being replaced, two team members went on vacation without informing you, and other team members expressed uncertainty about the work they were complete. In this situation, it is the BEST if you create a _______ for the second half of the project? | Staffing management plan.
# According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs in which does the need for acceptance occurs? | Social needs
# Which of the following describes the theory Z style of management | Theory Z is based on the Japanese approach to motivating workers, emphasizing trust, quality, collective decision making, and cultural values
# _____ is getting people to do things based on a position of authority. | Legitimate power
# Who of the following are ALWAYS stakeholders? | An assembly line worker that will use the product of the project.
# A particular stakeholder has a reputation for making changes on projects. What is the BEST approach a project manager can take at the beginning of the project to manage this situation? | Get the stakeholder involved in the project as early as possible.
# Which of the following are NOT the direct results of managing the project team | Negotiating staff assignments
# Which of the following best describes a directly face a conflict using a problem-solving conflict resolution technique | Confrontation 
# Formal written correspondence with the customer is required when ___ | The customer requests additional work not covered under contract
# Which is the one not included in the features of a project? | Fixed operation
# Which is the correct explanation of Scope? | The sum of the products and services created as a project
# Which is not an advantage of project management? | Improve developer's skill
# Which strategic technology considers in efficient using of computer resources, social responsibility, and environmental impact? | Green IT
# Which is not a project attribute? | A project should have only one project manager and one technical leader
# What is the process of gradual, step-wise reduction to details of the project products and the characteristics of new services called? | Progressive elaboration
The project scope management plan is an output of which of the following process | Scope planning
# According to textbook, every project is constrained in different ways by its scope,...., and cost goals | Time
# Which is the most appropriate description that explains a project team member? | The group that carries out the work of the project.
# In which organization are the project manager's independence and authority weakest? | Functional organization
# The __________ deal with how the organization is structured and focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management | Structural frame
# In... … …. Organization structure type, project manager has "Moderate to high" authority | Projectized
# In Balanced Matrix Organization Structure type, .... will control the project budget. | Mixed (Functional manager and PM)
# Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between project lifecycle phases and project management processes? | Project management processes can repeat within a project lifecycle.
# What is core of the advantages of a functional organization? | All employees report to one manager and have a clear chain of command
# Which is not a disadvantage of virtual teams? | Increasing costs because it requires office space or requires more support
# Which is the most appropriate description of the stakeholder's influence on the project life cycle? | Maximum at the start and then gradually weakens towards the end of the project.
# During project plan execution: | The project manager uses corrective action to bring future performance in line with the project plan.
# What is the last step in the four-stage planning process for selecting information technology projects? | resource allocation
# Which of the following outputs is often completed before initiating a project? | Business case
# Which is not a task that is taken in pre-initiation phase? | Develop project charter
# Which of the following processes is not part of project integration management? | develop the project business case
# What is the last step in four-stage planning processes for selecting information technology project? | resource allocation
# Which of the following items is not a step in four-stage planning processes for selecting IT project? | mind mapping 
# Which of the following is not a best practice for new product development projects? | select projects that will take less than two years to provide payback
# If estimates for total discounted benefits for a project are $130,000 and total discounted costs are $100,000, what is the estimated return on investment (ROI)? | 30 percent
# A____________ is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management. | project chapter (sai:management plan)
# Which of the following items is not normally included in a project charter? | a Gant chart
# _________ ensures that the descriptions of the project's products are correct and complete. | Configuration management
# Which of the following is not a suggestion for performing integrated change control? | minimize change
# Which tool or technique for collecting requirements is often the most expensive and time consuming? | interview
# A__________________ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defined the total scope of the project | WBS
# What approach to developing a WBS involves writing down or drawing ideas in a nonlinear format? | mind mapping
# Assume you have a project with major categories called planning, analysis, design, and testing. What level of the WBS would these items fall under? | 2
# Which of the following is not a best practice that can help in avoiding scope problems on information technology project? | Don't involve too many users in scope management
# Scope________ is often achieved by a customer inspection and then sign-off on key deliverables. | verification
# Which of the following is not a suggestion for improving user input? | Only have meetings as needed, not on a regular basis
# Project management software helps you develop a __________, which serves as basis for creating Gantt charts, assigning resources, and allocating costs. | WBS 
# The project scope statement, __________, and organizational process assets are primary inputs for creating a WBS. | Requirements documents
# Michael is the project manager of the 98GH Project. This project requires several members of the project team to complete a certification class for another project the week of November 2. This class causes some of the project activities on Michael's activities to be delayed from his target schedule. This is an example of which of the following? | External dependencies
# What is the difference between PDM and ADM? | ADM places activities on arrows; PDM places activities on nodes.
# You are the project manager for the POL Project. This project will use PERT to calculate the estimates for activity duration. For activity D, you have the following information: P=10 days, O=6 days, M=5 days. What is the result of PERT? | 6 days
# You are the project manager for the MNB Project. You and your project team are about to enter into the activity duration estimating process. Which of the following will not be helpful in your meeting? | The project contract
# Which of the following is not an output from the activity duration estimating process? | WBS
# Which of the following is not an output of activity resource estimation process? | WBS Dictionary
# Which of the following is not a primary input of activity duration estimation process? | WBS Dictionary
# You are the project manager for the 987 Project. Should this project run over schedule, it will cost your organization $35,000 per day in lost sales. With four months to completion, you realize the project is running late. You decide, with management's approval, to add more project team members to the project plan to complete the work on time. This is an example of which of the following? | Crashing
# You are the project manager for the 987 Project. Should this project run over schedule, it will cost your organization $35,000 per day in lost sales. With four months to completion, you realize the project is running late. You decide, with management's approval, to change the relationship between several of the work packages so they begin in tandem rather than sequentially. This is an example of which one of the following? | Fast tracking 
# Which of the following choices indicates that a project has a burn rate of 1.5? (Hint: Burn rate is the same as the Cost Performance Index) | The AC is 100 and the EV is 150.
# Schedule variance can be determined by: | EV – PV
# Project Cost Management includes all of the following except: | Resource leveling
# Earned value is all of the following except: | Actual cost of work performed.
# During the six month update on a 1 year, $50,000 project, the analysis shows that the PV is $25,000; the EV is $20,000 and the AC is $15,000. What can be determined from these figures? | The project is behind schedule and under cost.
# The inputs to Cost Budgeting includes all of the following except: | Cost baseline
# Parametric cost estimating involves: | Using rates and factors based on historical experience to estimate costs. 
# How close to actual costs should a definitive budget estimate be? | -5 percent to +10 percent
# Which type of cost is team training? | Direct
# During the completion of the project, a project manager wants to ensure that the quality of the end product is acceptable. The BEST way to do this is by: | checking quality levels against the standards set in the quality plan.
# The line in the middle of a control chart is called the: | mean 
# Quality is | conforming to requirements, specifications, and fitness of use
# A project team has invited many of the project stakeholders to help them inspect quality on the project. Which of the following would NOT be an output of this activity? | Quality management plan
# All of the following are outputs of quality planning EXCEPT? | Acceptance decisions
# Who is ultimately responsible for quality management in the project? | Project manager
# A project team member comes to the project manager during project execution to tell him that they feel the project cannot meet its quality standards. The project manager calls a meeting of the affected stakeholders to work through the problem. Which step of the quality management process is the project manager in? | Quality assurance
# _________ is the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements, | Quality
# Which of the following methods is used to provide a standard to measure performance? | Benchmarking
# Which of the following is not part of project human resource management? | Resource estimating
# ___________causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment. | Intrinsic motivation
# According to McClelland's acquired needs theory, people who desire harmonious relation with other people and need to feel accepted have a high_______ need. | Affiliation
# ________ power is based on a person's individual charisma. | Referent
# A________ maps the work of a project as described in the WBS to the people responsible for performing the work. | responsibility assignment matrix
# A staffing management plan often includes a resource ___________, which is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to the project overtime. | Histogram
# What technique can you use to resolve resource conflicts by delaying tasks? | resource leveling
# What are five stages in Tuckman's model of team development, in chronological order? | forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning
# What do many experts agree is the greatest threat to the success of any project? | a failure to communicate
# Which communication skill is most important for information technology professionals for career advancement? | speaking
# Which of the following is not a process of communication management? | Acquiring project team
# A_______ is an approach to help increase the support of stakeholders throughout the project | stakeholder management strategy
# Which of the following is not a preferred section in communication plan? | Training activities
# A_____ report describes where the project stands at a specific point time. | status
# When using the ________, project managers directly face a conflict using a problem-solving approach that allows affected parties to work through their disagreements. | confrontation mode
# When using the ________, the project manager deemphasizes or avoids areas of differences and emphasizes areas of agreement. | smoothing mode
# You have two project stakeholders who do not get along at all. You know they both enjoy travelling, so you discuss great travel destinations when they are both in the room together to distract them from arguing with each other. What conflict-handling mode are you using? | smoothing mode
# Which is not a process in the Risk Management knowledge area? | Risk Design
# Which of the following statements is false? | Uncertainty and risk are lowest at the start of the project and greatest at the end.
# A risk response which involves reducing the impact of a risk event by reducing the probability of its occurrence is called: | Mitigation 
# When should a risk be avoided? | When the risk event is unacceptable -- generally one with a very high probability of occurrence and high impact. 
# An example of risk mitigation is: | Using proven technology in the development of a product to lessen the probability that the product will not work
# A risk ________ is a document that contains results of various risk management processes, often displayed in a table or spreadsheet format. | Register
# In general, for which phase is risk and uncertainty minimum? | Final phase
# Which type of contract has the least amount of risk for buyer | fixed-price
# Which type of contract has the least amount of risk for seller | cost plus percentage of costs
# A proposal evaluation sheet is an example of a(n) ________________ | weighted scoring model
# Your organization hired a specialist in a certain field to provide training for a short period of time. Which reason for outsourcing would this fall under? | accessing skills and technologies
# Buyers often prepare a _____________ list when selecting a seller to make this process more manageable. | short
# A unilateral contract under which the seller is paid a preset amount per unit of service is called: | A unit price contract 
# If your college or university wanted to get information from potential sellers for providing a new sports stadium, what type of document would they require of the potential sellers? | Proposal
# In which project procurement management process is an RFQ often written? | planning procurements
# In a project that has never been done before, the PM must select one or more methods of estimating task duration. What is the most reliable method under this described situation? | B. Expert judgement
# All organizations should be supportive of the performing organization's long term goals. These type of goals are best described as | C. Strategic
# Which of the following processes is not part of project integration management? | A. develop the project business case
# The seven primary characteristics that are common to all projects are: | C. Objectives, schedule, complexity, size and nature of task, resources, and integrated information and control system.
# In which process group do we examine the alternative ways of accomplishing project objectives? | A. Initiating
# Each project phase is marked by completion of one or more: | C. deliverables
# Operations and Maintenance efforts should: | B. Be treated as part of the project's life cycle
# Which is the most appropriate description of the stakeholder's influence on the project life cycle? | B. Maximum at the start and then gradually weakens towards the end of the project.
# When is the earned-value approach appropriate to use. | A. When accurate and timely cost data are available.
# Within the five overlapping process groups of initiating, planning, executing, controlling and closing which processes dominate in all project phases? | D. They are all essential in each phase
# Which is/are the element(s) that may be a constraint in the project? | D. Cost, time, and quality
# During project plan execution: | D. The project manager uses corrective action to bring future performance in line with the project plan.
# Which is incorrect as the purpose of creating a Project plan? | D. Review the cost.
# The project closing process is essential to overall project planning. What is considered one of the most important steps in closing the project? | D. Satisfying the contractual obligations
# the development of long term goals set by executive management is called: | C. Strategic Planning 
# ____________is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project’s objectives and management. | A. project charter 
# Feasibility studies are performed in the ______ process group of the project. | A. Initiating
# Contingency reserves are intended to: | B. Involve cost, schedule or both
# In development of the project plan, which of the following elements should be included to reduce project risk? | C. Mitigation plans
# What is the last step in the four-stage planning process for selecting information technology projects? | D. resource allocation
# Regular changes, which are processed through the change control system: | D. Are coordinated and communicated across all functional areas of the project to ensure 
# Which is the most appropriate description that explains a project team member? | D. The group that carries out the work of the project.
# In which process group do we transfer resources to other systems? | D. Closing
# Life-cycle costs are the total costs: | A. To the organization for the ownership and acquisition of the project over its full life. 
# A project planning methodology is any structured approach used to guide the project team during development of the project plan. What is an example of this methodology? | A. Standard forms or templates.
# Project feasibility studies are conducted during which of the project phases? | A. Initiating 
# In many application areas, configuration management is a subset of the change control system and is used to ensure that the description of the project's product is _______ and _______. | A. correct and complete
# Which is the one not included in the features of a project? | C. Fixed operation
# Under what situation should the PM issue updates to the approved cost baseline. | C. A change of scope has occurred.
# It estimates for total discounted benefits for a project are $120,000 and total discounted costs are $100,000, what is the estimated return on investment (ROI)? | C. 20 percent
# In scope management, decomposition involves: | A. Subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller and more manageable components.
# The project plan is a document designed to tell _____ exactly what should be happening in a given period of time. | A. Anyone associated with the project
# When should a change request be documented? | D. Client and contractor jointly document and approve the change before the work is scheduled
# What is an example of project integration? | A. Accounting provides the cost estimate required for the help center's contingency plan.
# Setting strategic project objectives are the responsibility of the: | C. Executive or user groups
# Who is directly responsible for satisfying project requirements? | C. The project manager.
# Which of the following items is not normally included in a project charter? | D. A Gantt chart
# The change control system must include all but which of the following | C. Verbal approvals
# In a program or project plan, there are always revisions to account for new or missing datA. Which one of the following provides the best reason for performing a revision of the plan? | B. Project tasks are crashed to meet their end dates
# All of the following are reasons project fail EXCEPT: | C. Planning and closing
# Changes are difficult and cumbersome to incorporate with the complex systems used by contractors. What is the reason for this difficulty? | A. The lack of detail available concerning the tasks to be achieved on a project
# The practice of overlapping phases is often called : | D. fast tracking
# One of the initial project documents, issued by senior management, which outlines the authority of the project manager, is called Project charter. As a seller, what other document can be used in this place: | C. Contract
# Which of the following functions does not pertain to the roles and responsibilities of the project manager ? | B. Staffing
## Another name of strategic planning is | D. Top down
# Which of the following is not a suggestion for performing integrated change control? | B. Minimize change
# The integrated project plan provides the baseline of: | C. which changes will be controlled 
# Which is the correct explanation of Scope? | D. The sum of the products and services created as a project
# Which of the following is NOT a process in the project life cycle? | D. Project reporting
# Which is not an appropriate description of the work of Integrated Change Control? | B. Change the Schedule only.
# In which organization are the project manager's independence and authority weakest? | A. Functional organization
# Project Management is : | B. Needed because the functional organization and its methods of planning and control cannot otherwise assure that complex projects will be completed on time.
# During the planning development process, at times it is necessary to make certain assumptions to enhance the project plan when the data is not available. In regard to making those assumptions, which one of the following is most true for project planning purposes? | 	A. The assumptions will be considered as true, real, or certain.
# In the integration management process, the project plan development uses the outputs of the other planning processes to create a consistent, coherent document that can be used to guide both project ________ and project __________. | A. Execution, control
# ___________ensures that the description of the project's products are correct and complete | A. Configuration management
# The unique identifiers assigned to each item of a WBS are often known collectively as: | C.The code of accounts 
# Which of the following is a common characteristic of most project life cycle descriptions? | A.Cost and staffing are low at the start, higher towards the end, and drop rapidly as the project nears completion. 
# Which tool or technique for collecting requirements is often the most expensive and time consuming? | A. interviews 
# Which of the following is NOT an example of a type of schedule report? | C.fishbone diagram 
# What is the difference between scope verification and quality control? | D.Scope verification is primarily concerned with the acceptance of work results while quality control is primarily concerned with the correctness of work results. 
# Project scope is: | A.The work that must be done in order to deliver a product with the specified features and functions. 
# Assume you have a project with major categories called planning, analysis, design, and testing. What level of the WBS would these items fall under? | C. 2
# A document which describes how project scope will be managed and how scope changes will be integrated into the project is: (choose the best answer) | C.A scope management plan 
# Which of the following is not a suggestion for improving user input? | D. Only have meetings as needed, not on a regular basis
# Which of the following are outputs of the Scope Verification Process? | C.Formal acceptance 
# What is the purpose of the WBS? | B.To ensure that all work within a project is identified and defined within a common framework. 
# A _______ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project | B. WBS
# Which of the following tools and techniques are commonly used in the Scope Definition Process? | D.WBS templates 
# Which of the following Project Scope Management processes involves subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components? | D.Scope Definition 
# Project management software helps you develop a ______ which serves as a basis for creating Gantt charts, assigning resources, and allocating costs. | C. WBS
# ________refer(s) to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to created them | C. Scope
# What is the primary purpose of a milestone chart? | C.To show significant events in the project such as completion of key deliverables. 
# Which of the following could be an appropriate WBS code for a work package at the fourth level in a WBS where the top level code is 1.0? | B.1.1.1.1 
# What approach to developing a WBS involves writing down or drawing ideas in a non-linear format? | D. mind mapping
# Which of the following statements concerning a scope statement are true? | A.It provides a documented basis for making future project decisions and for developing common understanding of the project scope among stakeholders. 
# Scope _________ is often achieved by a customer inspection and then sign-off on key deliverables. | A. verification
# Which of the following is not a best practice that can help in avoiding scope problems on information technology projects? | 	D. Don’t involve too many users in scope management
# Who should contribute to the development of the project plan? | B.Entire project team including project manager 
# A project plan is: | A.A formal, approved document used to guide both project execution and project control. 
# Which of the following statements is false? | D. Fast tracking is a technique for making cost and schedule trade-off to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost,
# To calculate the late start and late finish dates for a set of tasks, you must do: | C.A backwards pass 
# What symbol on a Gantt chart represents a slipped milestone? | D. a white diamond
# What type of diagram shows planned and actual project schedule information? | C. a Tracking Gantt chart
# Which of the following statements is false? | B. Duration and effort are synonymous terms.
# ___________ is a method of scheduling that considers limited resources when creating a project schedule and includes buffers to protect the project completion date. | D. Critical chain scheduling
# In crashing the schedule, you would focus on: | C.Accelerating the performance of tasks on the critical path 
# You cannot start editing a technical report until someone else completes the first draft. What type of dependency does this represent? | A. finish-to-start
# During what Time Management Process are the specific activities that must be performed to produce the deliverables in the WBS identified and documented? | B.Activity Definition 
# What is critical path? | C.The longest path through the network, which represents the shortest amount of time in which a project can be completed. 
# What is the first process in planning a project schedule? | B. defining activities
# The Time Management Process that involves identifying and documenting interactivity dependencies is called: | D.Activity Sequencing
# A network diagram that uses nodes to represent activities and arrows to show the activity dependencies and allows no loops is called: | B.AON 
# Predecessors, successors, logical relationships, leads and lags, resource requirements, constraints, imposed dates, and assumptions are all examples of __________ | D. activity attributes
# As the project manager for a software development project, you are helping to develop the project schedule. You decide that writing code for a system should not start until users sign off on the analysis work. What type of dependency is this? | C. discretionary
# Given the following estimates: Optimistic 3 days, Pessimistic 9 days, and most likely 6 days, What is the PERT weighted average value for this estimation? | D.6.1
# Given the following estimates: Optimistic 3 days, Pessimistic 9 days, and most likely 6 days, what is the PERT weighted average? | 6
# ______ is a network diagramming technique used to predict total project duration. | A. PERT
# The amount of time that an activity can be delayed from its early start without delaying the project end date is called: | C.Total Float 
# An activity that consumes no time or resources and shows only that a dependency exists between two activities is called: | C.A dummy activity 
# A period of time in work weeks which includes non-working days is called: | A.Elapsed Time 
# If the actual cost for a WBS item is $1500 and its earned value was $2000, what is its cost variance, and is it under or over budget? | D. the cost variance is $500, which is under budget
# _________ involves allocating the project cost estimate to individual work items over time. | C. Project cost budgeting
# If a company loses $5 for every $100 in revenue for a certain product, what is the profit margin for that product? | A. -5 percent
# Which of the following choices indicates that a project has a burn rate of 1.2? (Hint: Burn rate is the same as the Cost Performance Index) | B. The AC is 100 and the EV is 120.
# Schedule variance can be determined by: | D. EV - PV
# _________ is a project performance measurement technique that integrates scope, time, and cost data. | D. Earned value analysis
# Project Cost Management includes all of the following except: | A. Resource leveling
# What is the main goal of project cost management? | B. to complete a project within an approved budget
# ________ reserves allow for future situations that are unpredictable. | C. Management
# Earned value is all of the following except: | A. Actual cost of work performed.
# Which of the following is not a key output of project cost management? | B. a cost management plan
# During the six month update on a 1 year, $50,000 project, the analysis shows that the PV is $25,000; the EV is $20,000 and the AC is $15,000. What can be determined from these figures? | D. The project is behind schedule and under cost.
# The inputs to Cost Budgeting includes all of the following except: | B. Cost baseline
# ________ is a resource sacrificed or foregone to achieve a specific objective or something given up in exchange? | D. Cost
# You are preparing a cost estimate for a building based on its location, purpose, number of square feet, and other characteristics. What cost estimating technique are you using? | A. parametric
# If a project is halfway completed and its schedule performance index is 110 percent and its cost performance index is 95 percent, how is it progressing? | B. it is ahead of schedule and over budget 
# Parametric cost estimating involves: | B. Using rates and factors based on historical experience to estimate costs. 
# How close to actual costs should a definitive budget estimate be? | D. -5 percent to +10 percent
# Which type of cost is team training? | A. Direct
# The overall intentions and direction of an organization with regard to quality as formally expressed by top management is a: | C. Quality Policy
# 80% of the problems are found in 20% of the work is a concept of: | D. Pareto
# What is the preferred order for performing testing on information technology projects? | A. unit testing, integration testing, system testing, user acceptance testing
# A tool that analyzes the inputs to a process to identify the causes of errors is called: | C. Ishikawa diagram
# What is not the purpose of project quality management? | D. to ensure that the project team doesn't miss any requirement item
# The process of evaluating overall project performance on a regular basis to provide confidence that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards is called: | A. Quality Assurance
# What tool could you use to see if there is a relationship between two variables? | D. a scatter diagram
# A structured tool, usually industry or activity specific, used to verify that a set of required steps has been performed is called: | B. Check list 
# A histogram ordered by frequency of occurrence that shows how many results were generated by each identified cause is: | D. Pareto Diagram
# _________ generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization. | D. Benchmarking
# The ability of a product to be used for different purposes at different capacities and under different conditions determines its: | B. Flexibility
# Six Sigmas target for perfection is the achievement of no more than _________ defects, errors, or mistakes per million opportunities. | C. 3.4
# The seven run rule states that if seven data points in a row on a control chart are all below the mean, above the means, or all increasing or decreasing, then the process needs to be examined for _________ problems. | B. non-random
# _________ is known for his work on quality control in Japan and developed the 14 Points for Management in his text Out of the Crisis. | B. Deming
# Which of the following is not considered a cost of nonconformance to quality? | D. Process control
# PMI’s OPM3 is an example of a model or framework for helping organizations improve their processes and systems. | C. maturity
# _________ is the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements, | A. Quality
# What tool can you use to determine whether a process is in control or out of control? | B. a control chart
# The concept of zero inventory is called: | C. Just in Time
# A series of consecutive points on the same side of the average is called: | A. Run
# The purpose of a quality audit includes all of the following except: | A. Examines the work of the project and formally accepts the work results.
# This tool and technique of Quality Control keeps errors from reaching the customer: | A. Inspection
# All of the following statements are true regarding Pareto diagrams and Pareto theory except: | D. Pareto diagrams use two variables.
# A tool which links the project roles and responsibilities to the project scope definition is called: | B. Responsibility Assignment Matrix 
# A document or tool which describes when and how human resources will be brought onto and taken off the project team is called a: | A. Staffing Management Plan
# _____________ power is based on a person’s individual charisma. | B. Referent
# Which of the following is part of the expectency theory of motivation? | C. People tend to be highly productive and motivated if they believe their efforts will lead to successful results and that success will lead to personal rewards. 
# Which of the following is not a process of project human resource management? | C. Information Distribution
# What technique can you use to resolve resource conflicts by delaying tasks? | B. resource leveling
# Which of the following is not part of project human resource management? | A. Resource estimating
# A maps the work of a project as described in the WBS to the people responsible for performing the work. | D. responsibility assignment matrix
# Which motivational theory uses the concept of theory X? | C. McGregor
# ______________ causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment. | A. Intrinsic rnotivation
# What impact does a matrix organization have on project team development? | B. It complicates team development.
# A team member who doesn't have the required skills or knowledge was assigned to a team. Who is responsible for ensuring that he receives the proper training? | A. Sponsor
# A key barrier to team development is: | B. When team members are accountable to both functional and project managers.
# Human resource administration is the primary responsibility of the: | B. Human Resources Department
# Legitimate power is: | A. Power derived from a person's formal position in the organization.
# A staffing management plan often includes a resource ______, which is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to the project over time. | C. histogram
# The belief that management's high levels of trust, confidence and commitment to workers leads to high levels of motivation and productivity on the part of workers is a part of which motivation theory? | B. Theory Z 
# Which of the following is not a tool or technique for managing project teams? | D. Social Styles Profile 
# Which of the following Human Resource process generates Roles & Responsibilities : | A. Human Resource Planning 
# Which of the following definition is not correct: | C. Team Building - Forming a team from scratch for a new project. 
# What is Team Development? | D. Helping people work together more effectively to improve project performance
# The state of being totally answerable for the satisfactory completion of a specific assignment is called: | B. Accountability 
# The process of getting a group of diverse individuals to work effectively together as a team is the definition of | D. team building 
# Acquire Project team process will be performed under: | C. Executing Process Group 
# The sender is responsible for: | A. Confirming the message is understood. 
# All of the following are outputs from performance reporting EXCEPT: | D. Stakeholder reports
# All of the following are communication tools EXCEPT: | D. Inputing data into a spreadsheet 
# If you add three more people to a project team of five, how many more communications channels will you add? | 18
# All of the following aid in achieving consensus EXCEPT: | B. Avoiding conflict.
# In communications management, to assimilate through the mind or senses is the process of: | A. Receiving
# Which of the following is not a process in project communications management? | A. information planning
# In negotiating with functional department managers, project managers often find themselves using what two-party conflict management approach? | C. Lose-Lose
# Which communication skill is most important for information technology professionals for career advancement? | C. speaking
# Which of the following is not a guideline to help improve time spent at meetings? | B. Invite extra people who support your project to make it run more smoothly.
# What do many experts agree is the greatest threat to the success of any project? | B. a failure to communicate
# The receiver filters messages based on all but the following: | D. Distance
# What tool can you use to help manage stakeholders by ranking scope, time, and cost goals in order of importance and provide guidelines on balancing these constraints? | C. issue log
# The sending or conveying of information from one place to another is the process of: | B. Transmitting 
# Which of the following is not a process of Project Communcations Management? | D. Conflict Resolution
# You have two project stakeholders who do not get along at all. You know they both enjoy traveling, so you discuss great travel destinations when they are both in the room together to distract them from arguing with each other. What conflict-handling mode are you using? | C. smoothing
# The three major types of communication are: | A. Written, verbal, and non-verbal.
# What are the four parts of the communications model? | B. Sender, Message, Medium, Receiver
# A ___________ report is a reflective statement documenting important things that people learned from working on the project. | B. lessons-learned
# What popular book illustrates the concept that people are not interchangeable parts and uses the analogy that you cannot take nine women and produce a baby in one month? | D. Brooks’s The Mythical Man•Month
# Group brainstorming encourages all of the following except: | C. Convergent thinking
# A leadership style in which the project manager shares problems with team members and formulates solutions as a group is called: | C. Consensus
# Which of the following are outputs from the Communications Planning process? | B. Communications management plan
# Communication is the key to the succes o a project. As the project manager, ou have three stakeholders with whom ou need to communicate. As scuch, ou have six channels of communication. A new stakeholder has been added that ou also need to communicate with. How many communication channels do you have now? | B. 10
# The project status meeting is not going well. Everyone is talking at the same time, there are people who are not participating and many topics are being discussed at random. Which of the following rules for effective meetings is NOT being adhered to? | D. Create and publish an agenda and a set of rules for controlling the meeting
# Lessons learned are BEST completed by: | D. Stakeholders
# Project Risk Management includes all of the following processes except: | C. Risk Design
# __________ are indicators or symptoms of actual risk events, such as a cost overrun on early activities being a symptom of poor cost estimates. | D. Triggers
# Your project involves using a new release of a common software application, but if that release is not available, your team has _________ plans to use the current release. | A. contingency
# Management reserves are used to handle which type of risk? | A. Unknown unknowns
# Which of the following statements is false? | B. Uncertainty and risk are lowest at the start of the project and greatest at the end.
# Which of the following is not a tool or technique used during the Risk Quantification Process? | B. Contingency planning
# _______ is a quantitative risk analysis tool that uses a model of a system to analyze the expected behavior or performance of the system. | A. Simulation
# A risk response which involves eliminating a threat is called: | C. Avoidance
# When should a risk be avoided? | B. When the risk event is unacceptable -- generally one with a very high probability of occurrence and high impact. 
# Your project team has decided not to use an upcoming release of software because it might cause your schedule to slip. Which negative risk response strategy are you using? | A. avoidance
# An example of risk mitigation is: | A. Using proven technology in the development of a product to lessen the probability that the product will not work
# A risk ________ is a document that contains results of various risk management processes, often displayed in a table or spreadsheet format. | B. register
# When should risk identification be performed? (select best answer) | D. Risk identification should be performed on a regular basis throughout the project.
# Which risk identification tool involves deriving a consensus among a panel of experts using anonymous input regarding future events? | D. Delphi technique
# Suppose there is a 30 percent chance that you will lose $10,000 and a 70 percent chance that you will earn $100,000 on a particular protect. What is the projects estimated monetary value? | C, $67,000
# A person who is risk ______ receives greater satisfaction when more payoff is at stake and is willing to pay a penalty to take risks. | B. seeking
# Which risk management process involves prioritizing risks based on their probability and impact of occurrence? | C. performing qualitative risk analysis
# __________ is an uncertainty that can have a negative or positive effect on meeting project objectives. | D. Risk
# Deflection or transfer of a risk to another party is part of which of the following risk response categories? | A. Mitigation
# Most schedule simulations are based on some form of which of the following? | C. CPM 
# Which is not included in Risk Response Planning? | D. Decentralization
# In general, for which phase is risk and uncertainty maximum? | A. Initial phase
# Which process performs prioritization of the project risk? | C. Qualitative Risk Analysis
# What is a risk trigger? | D. Symptom of risk
# What is the process that evaluates the influence of the risk quantitatively by the amount of money, etc.? | A. Quantitative Risk Analysis
# Which type of contract has the least amount of risk for buyer | A. fixed-price
# Which type of contract has the least amount of risk for seller | C. cost plus percentage of costs
# An item you need for a project has a daily lease cost of $200. To purchase the item, there is an investment cost of $6000 and a daily cost of $100. Calculate the number of days when the lease cost would be the same as the purchase cost. | D. 60
# A proposal evaluation sheet is an example of a(n) ________________ | D. weighted scoring model
# Your organization hired a specialist in a certain field to provide training for a short period of time. Which reason for outsourcing would this fall under? | C. accessing skills and technologies
# Buyers often prepare a _____________ list when selecting a seller to make this process more manageable. | B. short
# A unilateral contract under which the seller is paid a preset amount per unit of service is called: | C. A unit price contract 
# If your college or university wanted to get information from potential sellers for providing a new sports stadium, what type of document would they require of the potential sellers? | C. Proposal
# A fixed-price-plus-incentive-fee (FPI) contract has a target cost of $130,000, a target profit of $15,000, a target price of $145,000, a ceiling price of $160,000, and a share ratio of 80/20. The actual cost of the project was $150,000. How much profit does the seller make? | A. $10,000 
# Fixed-price contracts are equivalent to: | D. Lump-sum contracts
# In which project procurement management process is an RFQ often written? | A. planning procurements
# A cost-plus-percentage-cost (CPPC) contract has an estimated cost of $120,000 with an agreed profit of 10% of the costs. The actual cost of the project is $130,000. What is the total reimbursement to the seller? | A. $143,000 
# Which of the following contract types places the greatest risk on the seller? | D. Firm-fixed-price contract 
# The _____________ is the point at which the contractor assumes total responsibility for each additional dollar of contract cost. | D. Point of Total Assumption
# ________________ is a term used to describe various procurement functions that are now done electronically | A. E-procurement
# By which means is a contractor able to control costs overruns due to changing requirements? | C. Change control
# Fixed price and incentive type contracts place responsibility for performance and financial risks associated with delay or non-performance on the: | A. Contractor
# Project management, as an integration function, has the need to either make or buy components of the system. The decision to make or buy is based on all the following but __________. | B. Availability of funds
# What IT function has the largest percentage of work outsourced? | B. Disaster recovery
# Which describes the product and the service to be delivered in an agreement? | SOW
# Which is the contract form specifying an amount when the scope is made clear? | C. Fixed-price
# What is the structured review process from Procurement Planning to Contract Administration? | D. Procurement audits
# During what part of the procurement process does contract negotiation occur? | B. Conduct procurements
# A tool which links the project roles and responsibilities to the project scope definition is called: | B. Responsibility Assignment Matrix 
# A technique for resolving conflict in which the parties agree to have a neutral third party hear the dispute and make a decision is called: | B. Arbitration
# What is the difference between scope verification and quality control? | D.Scope verification is primarily concerned with the acceptance of work results while quality control is primarily concerned with the correctness of work results. 
# Operations and Maintenance efforts should: | B. Be treated as part of the project's life cycle
# The overall intentions and direction of an organization with regard to quality as formally expressed by top management is a: | C. Quality Policy
# _________ involves allocating the project cost estimate to individual work items over time. | C. Project cost budgeting
# Which of the following is NOT an example of a type of schedule report? | C.fishbone diagram 
# Schedule variance can be determined by: | D.EV - PV
# Project Risk Management includes all of the following processes except: | C. Risk Analysis
# If the actual cost for a WBS item is $1500 and its earned value was $2000, what is its cost variance, and is it under or over budget? | D. the cost variance is $500, which is under budget
# In a project that has never been done before, the PM must select one or more methods of estimating task duration. What is the most reliable method under this described situation? | B. Expert judgement
# The independence of two events in which the occurrence of one is not related to the occurrence of the other is called: | C. statistical independence
# Predecessors, successors, logical relationships, leads and lags, resource requirements, constraints, imposed dates, and assumptions are all examples of __________ | D. activity attributes
# Which is the most appropriate description of the stakeholder's influence on the project life cycle? | B. Maximum at the start and then gradually weakens towards the end of the project.
# Within the five overlapping process groups of initiating, planning, executing, controlling and closing which processes dominate in all project phases? | D. They are all essential in each phase
# When is the earned-value approach appropriate to use. | A. When accurate and timely cost data are available.
# What is the preferred order for performing testing on information technology projects? | A. unit testing, integration testing, system testing, user acceptance testing
# Your project involves using a new release of a common software application, but if that release is not available, your team has _________ plans to use the current release. | A. contingency
# If a company loses $5 for every $100 in revenue for a certain product, what is the profit margin for that product? | A. -5 percent
# __________ are indicators or symptoms of actual risk events, such as a cost overrun on early activities being a symptom of poor cost estimates. | D. Triggers
# All of the following are outputs from performance reporting EXCEPT: | A. Trend analysis
# All of the following aid in achieving consensus EXCEPT: | B. Avoiding conflict.
# In which process group do we examine the alternative ways of accomplishing project objectives? | A. Initiating
# If you add three more people to a project team of five, how many more communications channels will you add? | D. 18
# Which of the following processes is not part of project integration management? | A. develop the project business case
# All organizations should be supportive of the performing organization's long term goals. These type of goals are best described as | C. Strategic
# The unique identifiers assigned to each item of a WBS are often known collectively as: | C.The code of accounts 
# A document or tool which describes when and how human resources will be brought onto and taken off the project team is called a: | A. Staffing Management Plan
# ______ is a network diagramming technique used to predict total project duration. | A. PERT
# Each project phase is marked by completion of one or more: | C. deliverables
# Which of the following choices indicates that a project has a burn rate of 1.2? (Hint: Burn rate is the same as the Cost Performance Index) | B. The AC is 100 and the EV is 120.
# The amount of time that an activity can be delayed from its early start without delaying the project end date is called: | C.Total Float 
# The Time Management Process that involves identifying and documenting interactivity dependencies is called: | D.Activity Sequencing
# Which of the following is a common characteristic of most project life cycle descriptions? | A.Cost and staffing are low at the start, higher towards the end, and drop rapidly as the project nears completion. 
# A proposal evaluation sheet is an example of a(n) ________________ | D. weighted scoring model
# 80% of the problems are found in 20% of the work is a concept of: | D. Pareto
# All of the following are communication tools EXCEPT: | D. Inputing data into a spreadsheet
# An item you need for a project has a daily lease cost of $200. To purchase the item, there is an investment cost of $6000 and a daily ccost of $100. Calculate the number of days when the lease cost would be the same as the purchase cost. | D. 60
# Your organization hired a specialist in a certain field to provide training for a short period of time. Which reason for outsourcing would this fall under? | C. accessing skills and technologies
# What is not the purpose of project quality management? | D. to ensure that the project team doesn't miss any requirement item
# _____________ power is based on a person’s individual charisma. | B. Referent
# Which of the following tools and techniques are commonly used in the Scope Definition Process? | D.WBS templates 
# _______ is a quantitative risk analysis tool that uses a model of a system to analyze the expected behavior or performance of the system. | A. Simulation
# The receiver filters messages based on all but the following: | D. Distance
# What IT function has the largest percentage of work outsourced? | B. Disaster recovery
# The seven run rule states that if seven data points in a row on a control chart are all below the mean, above the means, or all increasing or decreasing, then the process needs to be examined for _________ problems. | B. non-random
# Project Cost Management includes all of the following except: | A. Resource leveling
# Which of the following is not a tool or technique for managing project teams? | D. Social Styles Profile 
# A mandatory prerequisite for team building is: | C. Commitment from top level management
# Your organization hired a specialist in a certain field to provide training for a short period of time. Which reason for outsourcing would this fall under? | C. accessing skills and technologies
# What is the difference between scope verification and quality control? | D.Scope verification is primarily concerned with the acceptance of work results while quality control is primarily concerned with the correctness of work results. 
# When should risk identification be performed? (select best answer) | D. Risk identification should be performed on a regular basis throughout the project.
# Project Risk Management includes all of the following processes except: | C. Risk Analysis
# In a project that has never been done before, the PM must select one or more methods of estimating task duration. What is the most reliable method under this described situation? | B. Expert judgement
# When is the earned-value approach appropriate to use. | A. When accurate and timely cost data are available.
# Forcing, as a means to manage conflict: | A. Exerts one's view at the potential expense of another party.
# Which of the following is not a suggestion for performing integrated change control? | B. Minimize change
# A document which describes how project scope will be managed and how scope changes will be integrated into the project is: (choose the best answer) | C.A scope management plan 
# In a program or project plan, there are always revisions to account for new or missing datA. Which one of the following provides the best reason for performing a revision of the plan? | B. Project tasks are crashed to meet their end dates
# The _____________ is the point at which the contractor assumes total responsibility for each additional dollar of contract cost. | D. Point of Total Assumption
# _________ generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization. | D. Benchmarking
# In scope management, decomposition involves: | A. Subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller and more manageable components.
# As the project manager for a software development project, you are helping to develop the project schedule. You decide that writing code for a system should not start until users sign off on the analysis work. What type of dependency is this? | C. discretionary
# What is not the purpose of project quality management? | D. to ensure that the project team doesn't miss any requirement item
# It estimates for total discounted benefits for a project are $120,000 and total discounted costs are $100,000, what is the estimated return on investment (ROI)? | C. 20 percent
# You cannot start editing a technical report until someone else completes the first draft. What type of dependency does this represent? | A. finish-to-start
# The three major types of communication are: | A. Written, verbal, and non-verbal.
# Project scope is: | A.The work that must be done in order to deliver a product with the specified features and functions. 
# A document or tool which describes when and how human resources will be brought onto and taken off the project team is called a: | A. Staffing Management Plan
# If your college or university wanted to get information from potential sellers for providing a new sports stadium, what type of document would they require of the potential sellers? | C. Proposal
# The Time Management Process that involves identifying and documenting interactivity dependencies is called: | D.Activity Sequencing
# Which is incorrect as the purpose of creating a Project plan? | D. Review the cost.
# If a project is halfway completed and its schedule performance index is 110 percent and its cost performance index is 95 percent, how is it progressing? | B. it is ahead of schedule and over budget 
# Which communication skill is most important for information technology professionals for career advancement? | C. speaking
# Which risk management process involves prioritizing risks based on their probability and impact of occurrence? | C. performing qualitative risk analysis
# In development of the project plan, which of the following elements should be included to reduce project risk? | C. Mitigation plans
# __________ is an uncertainty that can have a negative or positive effect on meeting project objectives. | D. Risk
# A fixed-price-plus-incentive-fee (FPI) contract has a target cost of $130,000, a target profit of $15,000, a target price of $145,000, a ceiling price of $160,000, and a share ratio of 80/20. The actual cost of the project was $150,000. How much profit does the seller make? | A. $10,000 
# What approach to developing a WBS involves writing down or drawing ideas in a non-linear format? | D. mind mapping
# The ability of a product to be used for different purposes at different capacities and under different conditions determines its: | B. Flexibility
# Setting strategic project objectives are the responsibility of the: | C. Executive or user groups
# Schedule variance can be determined by: | D.EV - PV
# ________ is a resource sacrificed or foregone to achieve a specific objective or something given up in exchange? | D. Cost
# A team member who doesn't have the required skills or knowledge was assigned to a team. Who is responsible for ensuring that he receives the proper training? | A. Sponsor
# Which of the following statements concerning a scope statement are true? | A.	It provides a documented basis for making future project decisions and for developing common understanding of the project scope among stakeholders. 
# You are the project manager for the POL Project. This project will use PERT to calculate the estimates for activity duration. For activity D, you have the following information: P=9, O=4, M=5. What is the result of PERT? | B. 5.5 weeks
# Feasibility studies are performed in the ______ process group of the project. | A. Initiating
# The state of being totally answerable for the satisfactory completion of a specific assignment is called | Accountability 
# What is the purpose of the WBS? | B.To ensure that all work within a project is identified and defined within a common framework. 
# Human resource administration is the primary responsibility of the: | B. Human Resources Department
# A leadership style in which the project manager shares problems with team members and formulates solutions as a group is called: | C. Consensus
# Which of the following is not a phase of the traditional project life cycle? | A. System analysis
# All of the following are parts of the team’s stakeholder management effort EXCEPT? | A. Giving stakeholders extras
# Which of the following statements describes the relationship between project phases and project lifecycle? | D. Collectively, the project phases are known as the project lifecycle.
# Which of the following Project Scope Management processes involves subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components? | D.	Scope Definition
# Another name for a phase exit is a .................. point | Kill
# Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of poor risk management? | Lack of a prioritized list of risks (NOT Inadequate risk response planning)
# Which of the following methods is used to provide a standard to measure performance? | Leveling
# ___________ is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result | C. Project
# Work arounds are determined during which step of risk management? | 4.Risk monitoring and control
# Of the following, which one is not a typical activity of a project manager? | C. Milestone completion
# What is one of the key problems with using crashing rather than fast tracking to compress project duration? | 2.Budget constraints
# In which phases of a project life cycle, the level of uncertainty (risk) is highest? | A. Early phases
# ___________ is a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, or hardware, produced or provided as part of a project. | Deliverable
# ___________ is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result | Project
# Which of the following is not part of the triple constraint of project management? | Communication
# ___________ is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements | Project management
# Which of the following is not part of the three-sphere model for systems management? | Information
# All of the following are parts of the team’s stakeholder management effort EXCEPT? | Giving stakeholders extras
# In which project management process group is the detailed project budget created? | Planning
# The project charter is created in which project management process group | Initiating
# The person who should be in control of the project during project management planning is the | A. project manager.
# The high-level project schedule constraints have just been determined. What project management process group are you in | Initiating
# Which is not a task that is taken in pre-initiation phase? | Develop project charter
# What is the first step in the four-stage planning process for selecting information technology projects? | information technology strategy planning
# Integration is done by the | Project manager
# Which of the following could be an appropriate WBS code for a work package at the fourth level in a WBS where the top level code is 1.0? | 1.2.3.4
# Which of the following is output of the scope verification processFormal acceptance | Formal acceptance 
# The WBS is __________. | a task oriented family tree of the project
# A key attribute of scope verification is _________ | customer acceptance of project efforts
# Detailed descriptions of work packages are commonly contained in _ | WBS dictionaries 
# The work breakdown structure comprises several levels of decomposition of the total project. The lowest level of definition is always the __________. | work package
# The preparation of the scope baseline involves the | all the stakeholders
# At which development phase, the cost to correct a software requirement defect is highest? | Operation
# Which of the following outputs is often completed before initiating project? | Business case
# What is the last step in the four-stage planning process for selecting information technology projects | Resource allocation
# Which is not a task that is taken in pre-initiation phase | Develop project charter
# During project plan execution | The project manager uses corrective action to bring future performance in line with the project plan 
# Which is the one not included in the features of a project? | Fixed operation
# Which is the correct explanation of Scope? | The sum of the products and services created as a project
# Which strategic technology considers in efficient using of computer resources, social responsibility, and environmental impact? | Business process modeling
# Which is not a project attribute? | A project should have only one project manager and one technical leader
# According to textbook, every project is constrained in different ways by its scope,...., and cost goals | Time
# Which is the most appropriate description that explains a project team member? | The group that carries out the work of the project.
# Project management is "the application of knowledge,..., tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements." | Skills
# Of the following, which one is the best example of progressive elaboration? | It is the process of identifying the business needs of a potential project.
# A program is which one of the following? | collection of projects with a common cause
# In which organization are the project manager's independence and authority weakest? | Functional organization
# The __________ deal with how the organization is structured and focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management | Structural frame
# In... … …. Organization structure type, project manager has "Moderate to high" authority | Projectized
# In Balanced Matrix Organization Structure type, ....will control the project budget. | Mixed (Functional manager and PM)
# Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between project lifecycle phases and project management processes? | Project management processes can repeat within a project lifecycle.
# What is core of the advantages of a functional organization? | All employees report to one manager and have a clear chain of command
# Which is not a disadvantage of virtual teams? | Increasing costs because it requires office space or requires more support
# Which is the most appropriate description of the stakeholder's influence on the project life cycle? | Maximum at the start and then gradually weakens towards the end of the project.
# The ________________ has well-defined, linear stages of system analysis, design, construction, testing, and support. | Waterfall lifecycle model
# Personnel in a _____________ organization structure often report to two or more bosses | Matrix
# In a projectized organization, the project team: | Will not always have a 'home'
# Which is not a process group in project management lifecycle (as mentioned in the PMBOK)? | Feedback process group
# What is the last step in the four-stage planning process for selecting information technology projects? | resource allocation
# _______processes include coordinating people and other resources to carry out the project plans and produce the products, services, or results of the project or phase | Monitoring and controlling
# Which of the following outputs is often completed before initiating a project? | Business case
# Which is not a task that is taken in pre-initiation phase? | Develop project charter
# Which of the following processes is not part of project integration management? | develop the project business case
# What is the last step in four-stage planning processes for selecting information technology project? | resource allocation
# Which of the following items is not a step in four-stage planning processes for selecting IT project? | mind mapping
# Which of the following is not a best practice for new product development projects? | select projects that will take less than two years to provide payback
# A____________ is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management. | project chapter (sai:management plan)
# Which of the following items is not normally included in a project charter? | a Gant chart
# _________ ensures that the descriptions of the project's products are correct and complete. | Configuration management
# Which of the following items is not an objective of integrated change control? | Make sure that project get more money from customer
# The project schedule information section should include the following items, except for | Payment schedule
# The section of the project management plan describing management and technical approaches should include the following information, except for | Summary schedule
# Which tool or technique for collecting requirements is often the most expensive and time consuming? | interview
# A__________________ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defined the total scope of the project | WBS
# What approach to developing a WBS involves writing down or drawing ideas in a nonlinear format? | mind mapping
# Assume you have a project with major categories called planning, analysis, design, and testing. What level of the WBS would these items fall under? | 2
# Which of the following is not a best practice that can help in avoiding scope problems on information technology project? | Don't involve too many users in scope management
# Scope________ is often achieved by a customer inspection and then sign-off on key deliverables. | verification
# Which of the following is not a suggestion for improving user input? | Only have meetings as needed, not on a regular basis
# Project management software helps you develop a __________, which serves as basis for creating Gantt charts, assigning resources, and allocating costs. | WBS
# The project scope statement, __________, and organizational process assets are primary inputs for creating a WBS. | Requirements documents
# ________________ refer(s) to all the project work involved in creating the products of the project and processes used to create them. | Scope
# Which of the following items is not a primary output of Create WBS process? | Project Charter
# Which of the following items is not a primary input for Scope Verification process? | Project reports
# Michael is the project manager of the 98GH Project. This project requires several members of the project team to complete a certification class for another project the week of November 2. This class causes some of the project activities on Michael's activities to be delayed from his target schedule. This is an example of which of the following? | External dependencies
# You are the project manager for the POL Project. This project will use PERT to calculate the estimates for activity duration. For activity D, you have the following information: P=10 days, O=6 days, M=5 days. What is the result of PERT? | 6 days
# You are the project manager for the MNB Project. You and your project team are about to enter into the activity duration estimating process. Which of the following will not be helpful in your meeting? | The project contract
# Which of the following is not an output from the activity duration estimating process? | WBS
# Which of the following is not an output of activity resource estimation process? | WBS Dictionary
# Which of the following is not a primary input of activity duration estimation process? | WBS Dictionary
# You are the project manager for the 987 Project. Should this project run over schedule, it will cost your organization $35,000 per day in lost sales. With four months to completion, you realize the project is running late. You decide, with management's approval, to add more project team members to the project plan to complete the work on time. This is an example of which of the following? | Crashing
# You are the project manager for the 987 Project. Should this project run over schedule, it will cost your organization $35,000 per day in lost sales. With four months to completion, you realize the project is running late. You decide, with management's approval, to change the relationship between several of the work packages so they begin in tandem rather than sequentially. This is an example of which one of the following? | Fast tracking
# Bertha is the project manager for the HAR Project. The project is behind schedule and Bertha has elected, with management's approval, to crash the critical path. This process adds more what? (Choose the best answer.) | Cost
# _________ is a technique for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost. | Crashing
# Which is not an activity of Time management knowledge area? | Project Plan Development
# Which of the following choices indicates that a project has a burn rate of 1.5? (Hint: Burn rate is the same as the Cost Performance Index) | The AC is 100 and the EV is 150.
# Schedule variance can be determined by: | EV – PV
# Project Cost Management includes all of the following except: | Resource leveling
# Earned value is all of the following except: | Actual cost of work performed.
# During the six month update on a 1 year, $50,000 project, the analysis shows that the PV is $25,000; the EV is $20,000 and the AC is $15,000. What can be determined from these figures? | The project is behind schedule and under cost.
# The inputs to Cost Budgeting includes all of the following except: | Cost baseline
# Parametric cost estimating involves: | Using rates and factors based on historical experience to estimate costs. 
# __________is a project performance measurement technique that integrates scope, time, and cost data | Earned value analysis
# A schedule performance index(SPI) of 0.76 means: | you are only progressing at 76 percent of the rate originally planned.
# During the completion of the project, a project manager wants to ensure that the quality of the end product is acceptable. The BEST way to do this is by: | checking quality levels against the standards set in the quality plan.
# The line in the middle of a control chart is called the: | mean
# A project team has invited many of the project stakeholders to help them inspect quality on the project. Which of the following would NOT be an output of this activity? | Quality management plan
# All of the following are outputs of quality planning EXCEPT? | Acceptance decisions
# Who is ultimately responsible for quality management in the project? | Project manager
# A project team member comes to the project manager during project execution to tell him that they feel the project cannot meet its quality standards. The project manager calls a meeting of the affected stakeholders to work through the problem. Which step of the quality management process is the project manager in? | Quality assurance
# Which of the following methods is used to provide a standard to measure performance? | Benchmarking
# The purpose of a quality audit includes all of the following except: | Examines the work of the project and formally accepts the work results.
# Which of the following is the cost of evaluating processes and their outputs to ensure that a project is error-free or within an accepted or rejected? | appraisal cost
# Which of the following is the cost incurred to correct an identified defect before the customer receives the product? | internal failure cost
# Which of the following is not part of project human resource management? | Resource estimating
# ___________causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment. | Intrinsic motivation
# A________ maps the work of a project as described in the WBS to the people responsible for performing the work. | responsibility assignment matrix
# A staffing management plan often includes a resource ___________, which is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to the project overtime. | Histogram
# What technique can you use to resolve resource conflicts by delaying tasks? | resource leveling
# What are five stages in Tuckman's model of team development, in chronological order? | forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning
# ________ is a document that describes when and how people will be added to and taken off a project team. | Staffing management plan
# _____ is getting people to do things based on a position of authority. | Legitimate power
# ____________involves using incentives to include people to do things. | Reward power
# What do many experts agree is the greatest threat to the success of any project? | a failure to communicate
# Which communication skill is most important for information technology professionals for career advancement? | speaking
# Which of the following is not a process of communication management? | Acquiring project team
# A_______ is an approach to help increase the support of stakeholders throughout the project | stakeholder management strategy
# Which of the following is not a preferred section in communication plan? | Training activities
# A_____ report describes where the project stands at a specific point time. | status
# When using the ________, project managers directly face a conflict using a problem-solving approach that allows affected parties to work through their disagreements. | confrontation mode
# When using the ________, the project manager deemphasizes or avoids areas of differences and emphasizes areas of agreement. | smoothing mode
# You have two project stakeholders who do not get along at all. You know they both enjoy travelling, so you discuss great travel destinations when they are both in the room together to distract them from arguing with each other. What conflict-handling mode are you using? | smoothing mode
# Which of the following is not a guideline to help improve time spent at meetings? | Invite extra people who support your project to make it run more smoothly
# A_______ report if a reflective statement documenting important things that people learned from working on the project. | lessons-learned
# When using the _________, project managers retreat or withdraw from actual or potential disagreement. This approach is also called avoiding mode. | Withdrawal mode
# Which is not a process in the Risk Management knowledge area? | Risk Design
# Which of the following statements is false? | Uncertainty and risk are lowest at the start of the project and greatest at the end.
# A risk response which involves reducing the impact of a risk event by reducing the probability of its occurrence is called: | Mitigation 
# When should a risk be avoided? | When the risk event is unacceptable -- generally one with a very high probability of occurrence and high impact. 
# An example of risk mitigation is: | Using proven technology in the development of a product to lessen the probability that the product will not work
# A risk ________ is a document that contains results of various risk management processes, often displayed in a table or spreadsheet format. | register
# In general, for which phase is risk and uncertainty minimum? | Final phase
# What is a risk trigger? | Indicator of the risk
# Risks are accepted when: | You develop a contingency plan to execute should the risk event occur 
# The principles of risk management should be followed only for: | All kinds of project
# Which type of contract has the least amount of risk for buyer | fixed-price
# Which type of contract has the least amount of risk for seller | cost plus percentage of costs
# An item you need for a project has a daily lease cost of $200. To purchase the item, there is an investment cost of $6000 and a daily cost of $50. Calculate the number of days when the lease cost would be the same as the purchase cost. | 40
# Your organization hired a specialist in a certain field to provide training for a short period of time. Which reason for outsourcing would this fall under? | accessing skills and technologies
# Buyers often prepare a _____________ list when selecting a seller to make this process more manageable. | short
# A unilateral contract under which the seller is paid a preset amount per unit of service is called: | A unit price contract 
# If your college or university wanted to get information from potential sellers for providing a new sports stadium, what type of document would they require of the potential sellers? | Proposal
# In which project procurement management process is an RFQ often written? | planning procurements
# Which of the following contract types places the greatest risk on the seller? | Firm-fixed-price contract 
# The _____________ is the point at which the contractor assumes total responsibility for each additional dollar of contract cost. | Point of Total Assumption
# ________________ is a term used to describe various procurement functions that are now done electronically | E-procurement
# The project ____ usually provides the direction and funding for the project. | sponsor
# ____ project management software integrates information from multiple projects to show the status of active, approved, and future projects across an entire organization. | Enterprise
# In an interview with two chief information officers (CIOs), both men agreed that the most important project management skills seem to depend on ____. | the uniqueness of the project and the people involved
# A Gantt chart is a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a ____ format. | calendar
# In a ____, program managers report to the CEO. | project organizational structure
# In the ____ phase, the project team creates a definitive or very accurate cost estimate, delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders. | implementation
# The ____ characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization. | people focus
# ____ refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment. | Open-systems focus
# The ____ assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups. | political frame
# The project scope management knowledge area maps to the ____ process group through the activities of scope verification and scope control | monitoring and controlling
# ____ is a monitoring and controlling process. | Integrated change control
# The project procurement management knowledge area maps to the ____ process group through the activities conducting procurements. | executing
# A ____ is a document that includes details related to the identified project stakeholders. | stakeholder register
# The ____ is often held after the business case and project charter are completed, but it could be held sooner, as needed. | kick-off meeting
# The outputs of ____ include change request status updates, project management plan updates, and project document updates. | performing integrated change control
# In the ____ stage, organizations tie information technology strategy to mission and vision of organization and identify key business areas. | Information Technology Strategy Planning
# One method for selecting projects based on ____ is to determine whether they first meet three important criteria: need, funding, and will. | broad organizational needs
# ____ analysis is a method of calculating the expected net monetary gain or loss from a project by discounting all expected future cash inflows and outflows to the present point in time. | Net present value
# A(n) ____ is a methodology that converts an organization's value drivers, such as customer service, innovation, operational efficiency, and financial performance, to a series of defined metrics. | balanced scorecard
# There are ____ main processes involved in project scope management. | 5
# ____ involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved. | Defining scope
# The main outputs of ____ are accepted deliverables and change requests. | verifying scope
# The ____ tasks vary the most from project to project. | executing
# The ____ approach involves refining the work into greater and greater levels of detail. | top-down
# ____ involves analyzing activity sequences, activity resource estimates, and activity duration estimates to create the project schedule. | Developing the schedule
# Outputs from ____ include performance measurements, organizational process assets updates, change requests, project management plan updates, and project document updates. | controlling the schedule
# The goal of ____ is to ensure that the project team has complete understanding of all the work they must do as part of the project scope so they can start scheduling the work. | defining activities
# The ____ is a network diagramming technique in which boxes represent activities | PDM
# In a ____ relationship, one task cannot finish before another finishes. | finish-to-finish
# ____ involves developing an approximation or estimate of the costs of the resources needed to complete a project. | Estimating costs
# ____ helps you develop an accurate projection of a project's financial costs and benefits. | Life cycle costing
# Since organizations depend on reliable information technology, there are also huge costs associated with ____. | downtime
# ____ are those costs that an organization can easily measure in dollars. | Tangible costs
# Project managers should focus on ____, since they can control them. | direct costs
# The ____ ultimately decides if quality is acceptable | customer
# Project quality management involves ____ main processes. | three
# The main outputs of ____ are a quality management plan, quality metrics, quality checklists, a process improvement plan, and project document updates. | quality planning
# ____ involves monitoring specific project results to ensure that they comply with the relevant quality standards while identifying ways to improve overall quality. | Performing quality control
# ____ is the degree to which a system performs its intended function. | Functionality
# ____ involves getting the needed personnel assigned to and working on the project. | Acquiring the project team
# ____ involves building individual and group skills to enhance project performance. | Developing the project team
# ____ involves tracking team member performance, motivating team members, providing timely feedback, resolving issues and conflicts, and coordinating changes to help enhance project performance. | Managing the project team
# The bottom four needs in Maslow's structure are referred to as ____ needs. | deficiency
# People with a high need for ____ seek to excel and tend to avoid both low-risk and high-risk situations to improve their chances for achieving something worthwhile. | achievement
# ____ involves collecting and disseminating performance information, including status reports, progress measurement, and forecasting. | Reporting performance
# Having ____ review and approve all stakeholder communications analysis will ensure that the information is correct and useful. | stakeholders
# Often, many non-technical professionals—from colleagues to managers—prefer to ____ about project information to try to find pertinent information. | have a two-way conversation
# Since information technology projects often require a lot of coordination, it is a good idea to have ____ meetings. | short, frequent
# As the number of people involved in a project ____, the complexity of communications ____. | increases, increases
# William Ibbs and Young H. Kwak's study revealed that the ____ industry had the lowest level of project management maturity in the area of risk management. | information systems
# Utility rises at a decreasing rate for a ____ person. | risk-averse
# A ____ person achieves a balance between risk and payoff. | risk-neutral
# ____ involves deciding how to approach and plan the risk management activities for the project. | Planning risk management
# ____ involves monitoring identified and residual risks, identifying new risks, carrying out risk response plans, and evaluating the effectiveness of risk strategies throughout the life of the project. | Monitoring and controlling risk
# "Organizations can gain access to specific skills and technologies when they are required by using outside resources." refers to the ____ benefit of outsourcing. | Access skills and technologies
# ____ involves determining what to procure, when, and how. | Planning procurements
# ____ involves managing relationships with sellers, monitoring contract performance, and making changes as needed. | Administering procurements
# ____ contracts involve a fixed total price for a well-defined product or service. | Lump sum
# Buyers typically develop a short list of the top ____ suppliers to reduce the work involved in selecting a source. | three to five
# McGregor assumes individuals consider to work as natural as play | a. Theory Y
# When you use face-to-face communication, … actual words. | true
# Lack of consultation with key stakeholders can cause risk of | Communication
# _____ causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment | Intrinsic
# An item you need for a project has a daily lease cost of $200 | 40
# Which of media is the best choice when you want to express support or appreciation | Email
# Which of the following statements is false | a. Uncertainty and risk are lowest at the start of the project and greatest at the end
# Help project manager develop a general understanding of the demands a project will make… | Resource loading
# Substandard design/materials/work-manship | Quality management
# NOT part of project human resource management | Resource estimating
# If your college or university want to get information | RFQ
# NOT a preferred section in communication plan | Training activities
# which of media is the best choice when you want to make a simple request | Telephone call/Email
# When using the ______, project manager directly face…. | Confrontation 
# A maps the work of a project as described in the WBS to the people responsible… | Responsibility assignment matrix
# NOT a main topic included in communication plan | Risks and issues management methodologies
# A research report showed that the U.S. spends ___ on projects every year | $2.3 trillion
# A research report showed that the U.S. spends the equivalent of percent of the nation’s gross domestic product on projects every year | 25
# Many organizations assert that using project management provides advantages, such as | lower costs
# Because a project requires resources, often from various areas, many projects cross 	 or other boundaries to achieve their unique purposes | departmenta
# The project usually provides the direction and funding for the project | sponsor
# The limitations of scope, time, and cost goals are sometimes referred to as the | triple constraint
# ___ are the people involved in or affected by project activities and include the project sponsor, project team, support staff, customers, users, suppliers, and even opponents of the project | Stakeholders
# In the example of the project of building a house, the __ would normally be the general contractor responsible for building the house. | project manager
# Project __management involves defining and managing all the work required to complete the project successfully | scope
# Project 	 management ensures that the project will satisfy the stated or implied needs for which it was undertaken. | quality
# Project 	 management is concerned with making effective use of the people involved with the project. | human
# Project 	 management involves generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information | communication
# Project 	 management is an overarching function that affects and is affected by all of the other knowledge areas. | integration
# What works on one project may not work on another, so it is essential for project managers to continue to develop their knowledge and 	in managing projects. | skills
# According to the Standish group, which of the following factors contributes most to the success of information technology projects? | Executive support
# According to the Standish Group study describing what factors contribute most to the success of information technology projects, 	 percent of successful projects are led by experienced project managers. | 97
# “All project leaders use a shared road map, focusing on key business aspects of their projects while integrating goals across all parts of the organization” describes the 	 best practice for project delivery. | Develop a streamlined project delivery 
# project management software integrates information from multiple projects to show the status of active, approved, and future projects across an entire organization | Enterprise
# A 	 can have many different job descriptions, which can vary tremendously based on the organization and the project | project manager
# In an interview with two chief information officers (CIOs), both men agreed that the most important project management skills seem to depend on 	_. | the uniqueness of the project and the people 
# Achieving high performance on projects requires 	, otherwise called human relations skills | soft skills
# A(n) 	 focuses on long-term goals and big-picture objectives, while inspiring people to reach those goals | leader
# A(n) 	 often deals with the day-to-day details of meeting specific goal | manager
# Some people say that 	achieve the vision of a project. | managers
# Most people agree that the modern concept of project management began with the 	. | Manhattan
# The Manhattan Project cost almost $2 billion in 	 | 1946
# In 	, Henry Gantt developed the famous Gantt chart as a tool for scheduling work in factories | 1917
# A Gantt chart is a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a 	format. | calendar
# During the Cold War years of the 1950s and ’60s, 	continued to be key in refining several project | the military
# The longest path through a network diagram that determines the earliest completion of a project is called the 	 path | critical
# By the 	, the U.S. military and its civilian suppliers developed software to assist in managing large projects | 1970s
# . 	 was an early project management software product that helped managers analyze complex schedules for designing aircraft | Artemis
# A PMO, or Project 	 Office, is an organizational group responsible for coordinating the project management function throughout an organization | Management
# Many organizations are now using enterprise or project 	 management software to help manage projects | portfolio
# PMI provides certification as a Project Management 	 (PMP), someone who has documented sufficient project experience and education, agreed to follow the PMI code of professional conduct, and demonstrated knowledge of the field of project management by passing a comprehensive examination. | Professional
# Just as passing the CPA exam is a standard for accountants, passing the 	 exam is becoming a standard for project managers | PMP
# The Project Management 	, a Web site for people involved in project management, provides an alphabetical directory of more than 300 project management software solutions. | Center
# __ tools are often recommended for small projects and single users. | Low-end
# . 	 tools, sometimes referred to as enterprise project management software, provide robust capabilities to handle very large projects | High-end
# . 	 describes a holistic view of carrying out projects within the context of the organization | Systems thinking
# The term “systems approach” emerged in the | 1950s
# 	 is a problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of the system, dividing it into its components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs. | Systems analysis
# . The 	focuses on different groups’ roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management. | structural frame
# The 	focuses on producing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of the people | human resources frame
# The 	assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups | political frame
# A 	 is the hierarchy most people think of when picturing an organizational chart | functional organizational structure
# In a 	, program managers report to the CEO | nructure
# In a 	, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers | matrix organizational structure
# Project managers have the most authority in a pure 	 | project organizational structure
# Project managers have the least amount of authority in a pure 	 | functional organizational structure
# In a 	 matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority. | strong
# 	 is a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization | Organizational culture
# The 	characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management’s decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization | people focus
# 	 refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment. | Open-systems focus
# . Many companies have realized that information technology is integral to their business and have created a vice president or equivalent-level position for the head of information technology, often called the | CIO
# A 		 is a collection of project phases. | project life cycle
# In early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually 	and the level of uncertainty is | lowest; highest
# A preliminary or rough cost estimate is developed in the 	 phase, and an overview of the work involved is created | concept
# In the 	 phase, the project team creates more detailed project plans, a more accurate cost estimate, and a more thorough WBS | development
# In the 	 phase, the project team creates a definitive or very accurate cost estimate, delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders | implementation
# The 	 model assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined | waterfall life cycle
# The 	 model provides for progressive development of operational software, with each release providing added capabilities | incremental build life cycle
# The 	 model requires heavy user involvement, and developers use a model to generate functional requirements and physical design specifications simultaneously | prototyping life cycle
# The 	 model uses an approach in which developers work with an evolving prototype | RAD life 
# Most trade schools, colleges, and universities did not start offering degrees in computer technology, computer science, management information systems, or other information technology areas until the | 1970s
# Projects involve 	project management process groups | 5
# 	 include defining and authorizing a project or project phase | Initiating processes
# 	 include devising and maintaining a workable scheme to ensure that the project addresses the organization’s needs | Planning processes
# . Examples of 	include acquiring and developing the project team, performing quality assurance, distributing information, managing stakeholder expectations, and conducting procurements | executing processes
# A common 	 is reporting performance, where project stakeholders can identify any necessary changes that may be required to keep the project on track | monitoring and controlling process
# Administrative activities are often involved in 	, such as archiving project files, closing out contracts, documenting lessons learned, and receiving formal acceptance of the delivered work as part of the phase or project | closing processes
# During 	 processes for a new project, the organization recognizes that a new project exists, and completes a project charter as part of this recognition | initiating
# 	 is crucial in information technology projects because once a project team implements a new system, it takes a considerable amount of effort to change the system | Planning
# The project integration management knowledge area maps to the 	process group through the activities of developing project charters | initiating
# The project scope management knowledge area maps to the 	 process group through the activities of scope verification and scope control | monitoring and controlling
# The project time management knowledge area maps to the 	 process group through the activity of schedule control | monitoring and controlling
# . 	 is a planning process falling under the Project Integration Management knowledge area | Develop project management plan
# 	 is a planning process falling under the Project Scope Management knowledge area | Create WBS
# 	 is a monitoring and controlling | Integrated change 
# The project cost management knowledge area maps to the 	 process group through the activities of estimating cases and budget determination. | planning
# The project communications management knowledge area maps to the 	process group through the activity of information distribution | executing 
# The project procurement management knowledge area maps to the 	 process group through the activity of administering procurements | monitoring and controlling
# The project procurement management knowledge area maps to the 	 process group through the activities conducting procurements | executing
# 	 is an iterative software development process that focuses on team productivity and delivers software best practices to all team members | RUP 
# should serve as the foundation for deciding which projects to pursue | Strategic planning
# An organization may initiate information technology projects for several reasons, but the most important reason is to support | business objectives
# A 	 is a document that includes details related to the identified project stakeholders | stakeholder register
# A 	 is an approach to help increase the support of stakeholders throughout the project | stakeholder management 
# A 	 is a meeting held at the beginning of a project so that stakeholders can meet each other, review the goals of the project, and discuss future plans | kick-off meeting
# The 	is often held after the business case and project charter are completed, but it could be held sooner, as needed. | kick-off meeting
# It is good practice to focus on the 	 of meetings | 65
# Quality metrics are an output of project | management
# The 	 provides a basis for creating the project schedule and performing earned value management for measuring and forecasting project performance | WBS
# 	 the project involves taking the actions necessary to ensure that activities in the project plan are completed. | Executing
# The 	 process involves gaining stakeholder and customer acceptance of the final products and services and bringing the project, or project phase, to an orderly end. | closing
# Directing and managing project execution involves carrying out the project management plan by performing the activities included in it | T
# Many people consider project integration management the key to overall project success | T
# Project integration management does not include interface management | F
# The number of interfaces can increase exponentially as the number of people involved in a project increases. | T
# Project integration management must occur just within the context of a particular project. | F
# Project managers should never be involved in strategic planning and project selection | F
# Strategic planning involves determining long-term objectives by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of an organization, studying opportunities and threats in the business environment, predicting future trends, and projecting the need for new products and services | T
# An organization’s information technology project selection process should guide the strategic plan. | F
# Information systems can help an organization support a strategy of being a low-cost producer | T
# Selecting projects is considered an exact science | F
# As projects progress, the organization must reevaluate the need, funding, and will for each project to determine if the project should be continued, redefined, or terminated. | T
# Opportunities and directives are essentially the same | F
# Many problems and directives must be resolved quickly | T
# The organization should complete low-priority projects before high-priority ones, if the low-priority ones take less time | F
# You can use the NPV function in Microsoft Access to calculate the NPV quickly. | F
# Net present value and cash flow mean the same thing. | F
# An annual discount factor is a multiplier for each year based on the discount rate and year. | T
# The ROI is always positive. | F
# Payback period is the amount of time it will take to recoup, in the form of net cash inflows, the total dollars invested in a project. | T
# The first step in creating a weighted scoring model is to assign a weight to each criterion. | F
# A project charter typically does not authorize the project manager to use organizational resources to complete the project. | F
# Some people might use a contract in place of a charter. | T
# Many projects fail because of unclear requirements and expectations, so starting with a project charter makes a lot of sense. | F
# Project management plans document project planning assumptions and decisions regarding choices. | T
# The introduction or overview of a project must only include a list of definitions and acronyms. | F
# A stakeholder analysis should be part of the overall project | F
# The key deliverables section of the project management plan should describe the quality expectations for the product deliverables. | T
# A commonsense approach to improving the coordination between project plan development and execution is to follow this simple rule: Those who will do the work should not plan the work | F
# Many organizations have found that large information technology projects require experienced general managers who understand the business and application area of the technology, not the technology itself. | T
# All projects can benefit from using some type of project management information system to coordinate and communicate project information. | T
# There are 	 main processes involved in project integration management | six
# . 	 involves working with stakeholders to create the document that formally authorizes a project | Developing the project charter
# 	 involves coordinating all planning efforts to create a consistent, coherent document | Developing the project management plan
# The outputs of 	include change request status updates, project management plan updates, and project document updates | performing integrated change control
# Many people are familiar with SWOT analysis—analyzing Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats—which is used to aid in | strategic planning
# The 	step in the planning process is to tie the information technology strategic plan to the organization’s overall strategic plan | first
# . In the 	 information technology planning stage, the analysis outlines business processes that are central to achieving strategic goals and helps determine which ones could most benefit from information technology | Business Area Analysis
# In the 	 stage, organizations tie information technology strategy to mission and vision of organization and identify key business areas | Information Technology Strategy Planning
# In the 	 stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations define project scope, benefits, and constraints | Project Planning
# In the 	 stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations select information technology projects | Resource Allocation
# Research shows that 	is the number one reason cited for why organizations invest in information technology projects | supporting explicit business objectives
# Author 	, who developed the concept of the strategic value of competitive advantage, has written several books and articles on strategic planning and competition | Robert Cooper
# Projects that address 	are much more likely to be successful because they will be important to the organization | broad organizational needs
# One method for selecting projects based on 	is to determine whether they first meet three important criteria: need, funding, and will | broad organizational needs
# 	 are new requirements imposed by management, government, or some external influence | Directive
# 	 analysis is a method of calculating the expected net monetary gain or loss from a project by discounting all expected future cash inflows and outflows to the present point in time | Net present value
# The first step in determining the NPV is to 	. | determine the estimated costs and benefits for the life of the project and the products it produces
# In the mathematical formula for determining the NPV, the variable n is 	 | the last year of the cash flow
# The 	is the minimum acceptable rate of return on an investment. | required rate of 
# You can determine a project’s 	 by finding what discount rate results in an NPV of zero for the
project | internal rate of return (IRR
# In a weighted scoring model, the sum of all of the criteria’s weights must total 	 percent. | 100
# A(n) 	 is a methodology that converts an organization’s value drivers, such as customer service, innovation, operational efficiency, and financial performance, to a series of defined metrics | balanced scorecard
# A(n) 	 is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the | project charter
# A(n) 	 is a document that describes the products or services to be created by the project team | statement of work
# 	 support contributes the most to successful information technology projects | Executiv
# A(n) 	 is a document used to coordinate all project planning documents and help guide a project’s execution and control | project management plan
# The 	section of the project plan should describe the major project functions and activities and identify those individuals who are responsible for them | project responsibilities
# The 	section of the project management plan describes how to monitor project progress and handle changes | project controls
# The 	section of the project management plan describes specific methodologies a project might use and explains how to document information | technical processes
# The project schedule information section of the project management plan might include | a detailed schedule
# The majority of time on a project is usually spent on 	, as is most of the project’s budget. | execution
# Most systems analysts begin their careers as | programmers
# On large projects, many project managers say that 	 percent of the job is communicating and managing changes | 90
# 	 should result in improvements in project performance | Corrective actions
# provide information on how project execution is going | Performance reports
# Which of the following is an important input to the integrated change control process? | Work performance information
# A(n) 	 is a formal, documented process that describes when and how official project documents may be changed. | change control system
# A(n) 	 is a formal group of people responsible for approving or rejecting changes to a project | CCB
# ensures that the descriptions of the project’s products are correct and complete | Configuration management
# 	 tools track the execution of business process flows and expose how the state of supporting IT | BSM 
# The term 	 describes a product produced as part of a project | deliverabl
# There are 	 main processes involved in project scope management. | 5
# 	 involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products produced during the project as well as the processes used for creating them | Collecting requirements
# 	 involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved | Defining scope
# involves formalizing acceptance of the project deliverables and during this phase the key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project, inspect and then formally accept the deliverables during this process. | Verifying scope
# The main outputs of 	 are accepted deliverables and change requests | verifying scope
# 	 involves controlling changes to project scope throughout the life of the project, which is a challenge on many information technology projects | Controlling scope
# Good 	is very important to project success because it helps improve the accuracy of time, cost, and resource estimates, it defines a baseline for performance measurement and project control, and it aides in communicating clear work responsibilities | scope definition
# An up-to-date 	is an important document for developing and confirming a common understanding of the project scope | project scope statement
# Of the following constraints, it is most difficult to describe, agree upon, and meet the 	 goal of many projects | scope
# A(n) 	 is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project | work breakdown structure
# In the WBS, the name of the entire project is the top box, called Level | 1
# In the WBS, the main groupings for the work are listed in Level | 2
# Many people confuse tasks on a WBS with | specification
# The 	tasks vary the most from project to project | executin
# The 	should list and describe all of the deliverables required for the project | scope statement
# In the 	, you use a similar project’s WBS as a starting point | analogy approach
# The 	approach involves refining the work into greater and greater levels of detail | top-down
# The 	approach is best suited to project managers who have vast technical insight and a big-picture perspective | top-down
# . Project managers often use the 	 approach for projects that represent entirely new systems or approaches to doing a job, or to help create buy-in and synergy with a project team | bottom-up
# After discovering WBS items and structure using the 	 technique, you could then translate the information into chart or tabular form. | mind mapping
# 	 involves formal acceptance of the completed project scope by the stakeholders | Scope verification
# The goal of 	is to influence the factors that cause scope changes, assure changes are processed according to procedures developed as part of integrated change control, and manage changes when they occur | scope control
# 	 is a process for identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them | Use case modeling
# uses highly organized and intensive workshops to bring together project stakeholders—the sponsor, users, business analysts, programmers, and so on—to jointly define and design information systems | JAD
# There are 	 main processes involved in project time management | six
# involves identifying the specific activities that the project team members and stakeholders must perform to produce the project deliverables. | Defining activities
# The main outputs of the 	 process are an activity list, activity attributes, milestone list, and requested changes | defining activities
# 	 involves identifying and documenting the relationships between project activities | Sequencing activities
# 	 involves estimating the number of work periods that are needed to complete individual activities. | Estimating activity 
# involves analyzing activity sequences, activity resource estimates, and activity duration estimates to create the project schedule | Developing the schedule
# 	 involves controlling and managing changes to the project schedule | Controlling the schedule
# Outputs from 	 include performance measurements, organizational process assets updates, change requests, project management plan updates, and project document updates | controlling the schedule
# The 	 provide(s) schedule-related information about each activity, such as predecessors, successors, logical relationships, leads and lags, resource requirements, constraints, imposed dates, and assumptions related to the activity | activity attributes
# The goal of 	is to ensure that the project team has complete understanding of all the work they must do as part of the project scope so they can start scheduling the work | defining activities
# 	 results in supporting detail to document important product information as well as assumptions and constraints related to specific activities | Defining activities
# 	 involves evaluating the reasons for dependencies and the different types of dependencies | Sequencing activities
# 	 dependencies are inherent in the nature of the work being performed on a project. | Mandatory
# 	 dependencies are sometimes referred to as soft logic and should be used with care since they may limit later scheduling options. | Discretionary
# 	 dependencies involve relationships between project and non-project activities | Externa
# occur when two or more activities follow a single node | Burst
# On a network diagram, all arrowheads should face toward the | right
# The 	is a network diagramming technique in which boxes represent activities | PDM
# In a 	 relationship, the “from” activity must finish before the “to” activity can start. | finish-to-start
# In a 	 relationship, the “from” activity cannot start until the “to” activity is started. | start-to-start
# In a 	 relationship, one task cannot finish before another finishes. | finish-to-finish 
# A 	 is a hierarchical structure that identifies the project’s resources by category and type | resource breakdown structure
# The activity list, activity attributes, activity resource requirements, resource calendars, project scope statement, enterprise environmental factors, and organizational process assets all include information that affect | duration estimates
# The ultimate goal of 	 is to create a realistic project schedule that provides a basis for monitoring project progress for the time dimension of the project | developing the schedule
# 	 provide(s) a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a calendar format | Gantt charts
# 	 is a network diagramming technique used to predict total project duration | Critical path analysis
# The critical path is the 	 path through a network diagram, and it represents the 	 time it takes to complete a project | longest; shortest
# 	 is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date of any immediately following activities | Free slack
# is the amount of time an activity can be delayed from its early start without delaying the planned project finish date | Total slack
# The 	for an activity is the latest possible time an activity might begin without delaying the project finish date | late start date
# 	 is a technique for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost | Crashing
# involves doing activities in parallel that you would normally do in sequence | Fast
# 	 is a method of scheduling that considers limited resources when creating a project schedule and includes buffers to protect the project completion date | Critical chain 
# Critical chain scheduling protects tasks on the critical chain from being delayed by using 	, which consist of additional time added before tasks on the critical chain that are preceded by non-critical-path tasks. | feeding buffers
# states that work expands to fill the time allowed | Parkinson’s Law
# 	 use(s) probabilistic time estimates—duration estimates based on using optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic estimates of activity durations—instead of one specific or discrete duration estimate | PERT
# The goal of 	is to know the status of the schedule, influence the factors that cause schedule changes, determine that the schedule has changed, and manage changes when they occur | schedule control
# . Project managers often illustrate progress with a 		showing key deliverables and activities | Tracking Gantt chart
# Project managers must use discipline to control | project schedules
# Project management software highlights the critical path in 	 on a network diagram. | red
# The Standish Group’s CHAOS studies reported an average cost overrun for unsuccessful IT projects ranged from 180 percent in 1994 to 	 percent in 2004. | 56
# Three separate surveys of software project cost overruns found that the average cost overrun for all of the projects in their survey samples (not just unsuccessful projects) were 	 percent | 33–34
# includes the processes required to ensure that a project team completes a project within an approved budget | Project cost management
# involves developing an approximation or estimate of the costs of the resources needed to complete a project | Estimating costs
# involves allocating the overall cost estimate to individual work items to establish a baseline for measuring performance | Determining the budget
# is the ratio of revenues to profits | Profit margin
# helps you develop an accurate projection of a project’s financial costs and benefits | Life cycle costing
# . 	, with assistance from financial experts in their organizations, should create estimates of the costs and benefits of the project for its entire life cycle. | Project managers
# Since organizations depend on reliable information technology, there are also huge costs associated with | downtime
# 	 is a method for determining the estimated annual costs and benefits for a project and the resulting annual cash flow | Cash flow analysis
# 	 are those costs that an organization can easily measure in dollars | Tangible
# Project managers should focus on 	, since they can control them | direct costs
# 	 are costs that are not directly related to the products or services of the project, but are indirectly related to performing the project | Indirect costs
# should be forgotten | Sunk costs
# allow for future situations that may be partially planned for | Contingency reserves
# allow for future situations that are unpredictable | Management reserves
# A 	 provides an estimate of what a project will cost | rough order of magnitude 
# A 	 is done very early in a project or even before a project is officially started | rough order of magnitude 
# A 	 is used to allocate money into an organization’s budget | budgetary estimate
# A 	 is used for making many purchasing decisions for which accurate estimates are required and for estimating final project costs | definitive estimate
# 	 use the actual cost of a previous, similar project as the basis for estimating the cost of the current project | Analogous estimates
# involve estimating individual work items or activities and summing them to get a project total | Bottom-up 
# A(n) 	 might provide an estimate of $50 per line of code for a software development project based on the programming language the project is using, the level of expertise of the programmers, the size and complexity of the data involved, and so on | parametric model
# Tom DeMarco, a well-known author on software development, suggests 	 reasons for the inaccuracies of many information technology project cost estimates and some ways to overcome them | four
# If the cost estimate will be the basis for contract awards and performance reporting, it should be a and as accurate as possible | definitive estimate
# The main goal of the 	process is to produce a cost baseline for measuring project performance and project funding requirements | cost budgeting
# A 	 is a time-phased budget that project managers use to measure and monitor cost performance | cost 
# The project management plan, project funding requirements, work performance data, and organizational process assets are inputs for the process of 	. | controlling costs
# 	 is a project performance measurement technique that integrates scope, time, and cost data | Earned value management
# The 	is that portion of the approved total cost estimate planned to be spent on an activity during a given period | PV
# The 	is the ratio of actual work completed to the percentage of work planned to have been completed at any given time during the life of the project or activity | RP
# The 	is an estimate of the value of the physical work actually completed | EV
# The 	is the total direct and indirect costs incurred in accomplishing work on an activity during a given period | AC
# Variances are calculated by subtracting the actual cost or planned value from 	. | EV
# 	 is the earned value minus the actual cost | CV
# is the earned value minus the planned value | SV
# The 	is the ratio of earned value to actual cost and can be used to estimate the projected cost of completing the project | CPI
# The 	is the ratio of earned value to planned value and can be used to estimate the projected time to complete the project. | SPI
# The 	is an estimate of what it will cost to complete the project based on performance to date. | EAC
# Using simplified percentage complete amounts for a one-year project with weekly reporting and an average task or work packet size of one week, you can expect about a(n) 	percent error rate | 1
# It took only 	 years for 50 million people to use the Internet compared to 25 years for 50 million people to use telephones | five
# 	 means the project’s processes and products meet written specifications | Conformance to requirements
# The 	 ultimately decides if quality is acceptable | customer
# Project quality management involves 	 main processes | three
# 	 includes identifying which quality standards are relevant to the project and how to satisfy those standards | Planning quality
# The main outputs of 	 are a quality management plan, quality metrics, quality checklists, a process improvement plan, and project document updates | quality planning
# 	 involves periodically evaluating overall project performance to ensure that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards | Performing quality assurance
# involves monitoring specific project results to ensure that they comply with the relevant quality standards while identifying ways to improve overall quality | Performing quality control
# The 	 process is often associated with the technical tools and techniques of quality management, such as Pareto charts, quality control charts, and statistical sampling | quality control
# are the system’s special characteristics that appeal to users | Features
# addresses how well a product or service performs the customer’s intended use | Performance
# is the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under normal conditions | Reliability
# addresses the ease of performing maintenance on a product | Maintainability
# 	 generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization | Benchmarking
# 	determine(s) if the products or services produced as part of the project will be accepted or rejected. | Acceptance
# 	 is action taken to bring rejected items into compliance with product requirements or specifications or other stakeholder expectations | Rework
# 		 correct(s) or prevent(s) further quality problems based on quality control measurements | Process adjustments
# A 	 is a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time. | control chart
# The 	states that if seven data points in a row are all below the mean, above the mean, or are all increasing or decreasing, then the process needs to be examined for non-random problems. | seven run rule
# help(s) you identify the vital few contributors that account for most quality problems in a system. | Pareto charts
# 	 involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection | Statistical sampling
# A certainty factor of 1.960 is used for 	percent desired certainty | 95
# 	 is a comprehensive and flexible system for achieving, sustaining and maximizing business success. | Six Sigma
# Six Sigma’s target for perfection is the achievement of no more than 	 defects, errors, or mistakes per million opportunities. | 3.4
# Important tools used in the 	 phase of the DMAIC process include a project charter, a description of customer requirements, process maps, and Voice of the Customer (VOC) data. | define
# An important tool used in the 	 phase of the DMAIC process is the fishbone or Ishikawa diagram | analyze
# A 	 is a bell-shaped curve that is symmetrical regarding the average value of the population (the data being analyzed | normal distribution
# In any normal distribution, 	 percent of the population is within three standard deviations of the mean. | 99.7
# A(n) 	 is any instance where the product or service fails to meet customer requirements. | defect
# A(n) 	 is done to test each individual component (often a program) to ensure that it is as defect-free as possible. | unit test
# 	 is an independent test performed by end users prior to accepting the delivered system | User acceptance 
# One of 	 14 Points for Management states that an organization should cease dependence on inspection to achieve quality | Deming’s
# One of 	 ten steps states that an organization should build awareness of the need and opportunity for improvement | Juran’s
# Juran’s final step to quality improvement is | maintain momentum by making annual improvement part of the regular systems and processes of the company 
# 	 wrote Quality Is Free in 1979 and is best known for suggesting that organizations strive for zero defects | Crosby
# 	, a quality system standard developed by the ISO, is a three-part, continuous cycle of planning, controlling, and documenting quality in an organization | ISO 9000
# is the cost of evaluating processes and their outputs to ensure that a project is error-free or within an acceptable error range. | Appraisal cost
# 		 is a cost that relates to all errors not detected and not corrected before delivery to the customer. | External failure cost
# 	 helps integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes | CMMI
# Human resource management includes 	 processes | 4
# 	 involves getting the needed personnel assigned to and working on the project | Acquiring the project 
# Key outputs of 	 process are project staff assignments, resource calendars, and project management plan updates | acquiring the project team
# 	 involves building individual and group skills to enhance project performance | Developing the project team
# The main outputs of 	 process are team performance assessments and enterprise environmental factors update | developing the project team
# 	 involves tracking team member performance, motivating team members, providing timely feedback, resolving issues and conflicts, and coordinating changes to help enhance project performance. | Managing the project team
# involves identifying and documenting project roles, responsibilities, and reporting relationships | Developing the human resource plan
# Abraham Maslow, a highly respected psychologist, rejected the dehumanizing negativism of psychology in the | 1950
# 	 is best known for developing a hierarchy of needs. | Abraham Maslow
# The bottom four needs in Maslow’s structure are referred to as 	 needs | deficiency
# The highest level of needs in Maslow’s structure is referred to as a 	 need | growt
# is best known for distinguishing between motivational factors and hygiene factors when considering motivation in work settings | Frederick Herzberg
# found that people were motivated to work mostly by feelings of personal achievement and recognition | Herzberg
# proposed that an individual’s specific needs are acquired or learned over time and shaped by life experiences | David McClelland
# . People with a high need for 	 seek to excel and tend to avoid both low-risk and high-risk situations to improve their chances for achieving something worthwhile | achievemen
# People with a high need for 	 desire harmonious relationships with other people and need to feel accepted by others | affiliation
# People who need personal 	 want to direct others and can be seen as bossy | power
# The 	 presents subjects with a series of ambiguous pictures and asks them to develop a spontaneous story for each picture, assuming they will project their own needs into the story | TAT
# 	 is best known for developing Theory X and Theory Y | Douglas McGregor
# People who believe in 	assume that the average worker wants to be directed and prefers to avoid responsibility. | Theory X
# 	 emphasizes things such as job rotation, broadening of skills, generalization versus specialization, and the need for continuous training of workers | Theory Z
# According to Thamhain and Wilemon, 	is the legitimate hierarchical right to issue orders | authority
# According to Thamhain and Wilemon, 	is the ability to improve a worker’s position | promotio
# involves using punishment, threats, or other negative approaches to get people to do things they do not want to do. | Reward power
# involves using incentives to induce people to do things | Reward power
# is based on an individual’s personal charisma. | Referent power
# Which of Covey’s habits does Douglas Ross suggest differentiates good project managers from average or poor project managers | Seek first to understand, then to be understood
# 	 is matching certain behaviors of the other person | Mirrorin
# fill in for project managers in their absence and assist them as needed | Deputy project managers
# The first step in the framework for defining and assigning work is | finalizing the project requirements
# A(n) 	 is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to a project over time | resource histogram
# 	 refers to the amount of individual resources an existing schedule requires during specific time periods | Resource loading
# is a technique for resolving resource conflicts by delaying tasks | Resource leveling
# In the Tuckman model, 	 occurs as team members have different opinions as to how the team should operate | storming
# In the Tuckman model, 	 occurs when the emphasis is on reaching the team goals, rather than working on team process | performing
# Psychologist David Merril describes 	 as reactive and task-oriented | Analytical
# Psychologist David Merril describes 	 as reactive and people-oriented | Amiables
# There are 	 main processes in project communications management | 4
# involves determining the information and communications needs of the stakeholders | Planning communication
# The output of the 	 process is a communications management plan | planning communications
# involves making needed information available to project stakeholders in a timely manner | Distributing information
# involves collecting and disseminating performance information, including status reports, progress measurement, and forecasting | Reporting performance
# The communications management plan can be part of the team | contract
# Having 	 review and approve all stakeholder communications analysis will ensure that the information is correct and useful | stakeholders
# Information regarding the content of essential project communications comes from the | communications management plan
# The 	serves as a good starting point for information distribution | stakeholder communications analysis
# Often, many non-technical professionals—from colleagues to managers—prefer to 	 about project information to try to find pertinent information | have a two-way 
# 	 are often more effective particularly for sensitive information | Short face-to-face meetings
# Many people cite research that says in a face-to-face interaction, 	 percent of communication is through body language | 58
# . According to the guidelines provided by Practical Communications, Inc., a(n) 	 is the only inappropriate method for expressing support/appreciation. | Web site
# According to the guidelines provided by Practical Communications, Inc., a(n) 	 is the only method that is “excellent” for encouraging creative thinking | e-mail
# According to the guidelines provided by Practical Communications, Inc., a(n) 	 is the most appropriate method for giving complex instructions | meeting 
# Many users prefer 	 to learn how to use a new system | face-to-face meetings
# As the number of people involved in a project 	, the complexity of communications 	 | increases, increases
# Two people have 	communications channel | one 
# Four people have 	communications channel | 6
# Many practitioners define project success as | satisfying the customer/sponsor
# Project sponsors can usually rank scope, time, and cost goals in order of importance in a(n) | expectations management matrix
# describe where the project stands at a specific point in time | Status reports
# describe what the project team has accomplished during a certain period | Progress reports
# predict future project status and progress based on past information and trends | Forecasts
# 	 are a good way to highlight information provided in important project documents, empower people to be accountable for their work, and have face-to-face discussions about important project issue | Status review meetings
# issues cause the most conflicts over the project life cycle. | Schedule
# The 	 mode is also called the problem-solving mode | confrontation
# With the 	_, project managers use a give-and-take approach to resolving conflicts | compromise mode
# When using the 	, the project manager deemphasizes or avoids areas of differences and emphasizes areas of agreement | smoothing mode
# When using the 	, project managers exert their viewpoint at the potential expense of another viewpoint. | forcing mode
# When using the 	, project managers retreat or withdraw from an actual or potential disagreement | withdrawal mode
# Research indicates that project managers favor using 	 for conflict resolution over the other four modes | confrontation
# employees are also more likely to enroll voluntarily in classes on the latest technology than those on developing their soft skills | Individual
# It takes 	 to help improve | leadership
# According to the guideline governing 	, many meetings are most effective with the minimum number of participants possible | determining who should attend the meeting
# According to the guideline governing 	, designate someone to take minutes and send the minutes out soon after the meeting | running the meeting professionally
# The 	line for any e-mail messages you write should clearly state the intention of the e-mail | subject
# Some items discussed in a(n) 	include reflections on whether project goals were met, whether the project was successful or not, the causes of variances on the project, the reasoning behind corrective actions chosen, the use of different project management tools and techniques, and personal words of wisdom based on team members’ experiences | lessons-learned report
# 	 are a complete set of organized project records that provide an accurate history of the project | Project archives
# Which of the followings is NOT an advantage of using formal project managements? | Reduce the number of risks of the project. 
# Until the 1980s, project management primarily focused on providing schedule and resource data to top management in the military, computer, and construction industries.| True
# A research report showed that the U.S. spends $2.3 trillion on projects every year, an amount equal to 40 percent of the nation’s gross domestic product.| False
# One attribute that helps define a project is that a project has a unique purpose.| True
# A project should be developed using progressive elaboration, starting from specific details and broadening in scope as it progresses.| False
# Projects are often defined narrowly when they begin.| False
# Projects rarely involve uncertainty.| False
# Every project is constrained in different ways by its scope and cost goals; these limitations are sometimes referred to in project management as the double constraint.| False
# Questions about how long a project’s schedule should be are related to the issue of the project’s scope.| False
# Because projects involve uncertainty and limited resources, projects rarely finish according to discrete scope, time, and cost goals as originally planned.| True
# Managing the triple constraint involves making trade-offs between scope, time, and cost goals for a project.| True
# Some people refer to the “double constraint” of project management to include quality and customer satisfaction.| False
# In the example of building a new house, the support staff would provide the wood, windows, flooring materials, appliances, and so on.| False
# Stakeholders’ needs and expectations are only important in the beginning of a project.| False
# There are six core knowledge areas of project management.| False
# Follow-up studies done by the Standish Group showed that the number of failed projects has more than doubled in the past decade.| False
# The 2006 Standish Group survey showed that IT project success rates had risen from 16 percent in 1994 to 35 percent in 2006.| True
# Project management is the silver bullet that guarantees success on all projects.| False
# A key finding of a 2004 study is that relationship management is viewed as a top success factor for information systems in China, while it is not mentioned in U.S. studies.| True
# Winners in project delivery know that strong program managers—referred to as project leaders—are crucial to project success.| True
# A program is “a group of related projects managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits and control not available from managing them individually.”| True
# Program managers are not responsible for coordinating the efforts of project teams, functional groups, suppliers, and operations staff.| False
# The job description for a project manager can vary by industry and by organization.| True
# Project managers should possess general management knowledge and skills.| True
# Project managers must be able to make effective use of technology as it relates to the specific project.| True
# Project managers for large information technology projects have to be experts in the field of information technology.| False
# Project managers often take on the role of both leader and manager.| True
# Today’s project managers still draw Gantt charts by hand.| False
# Determining the relationships among tasks is not essential in helping to improve project scheduling.| False
# New software makes basic tools, such as Gantt charts and network diagrams, inexpensive, easy to create, and available for anyone to update.| True
# Many people still use basic productivity software, such as Microsoft Word or Excel, to perform many project management functions.| True
# More than ____________________ million people regard project management as their profession.| 16
# The “CHAOS” study found that more than ____________________ percent of information technology projects were canceled before completion.| 31
# A(n) ____________________ is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.| project
# The term “____________________” refers to work done in organizations to sustain the business.| operations
# ____________________ include people, hardware, software, or other assets.| Resources
# The question, “What unique product or service does the customer or sponsor expect from the project?” is related to the ____________________ of the project.| scope
# The question, “What is the project’s budget?” is related to the project’s ____________________.| cost
# The ____________________ of project management includes quality along with scope, time, and cost.| quadruple constraint
# ____________________ is “the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements.”| Project management
# Project management ____________________ describe the key competencies that project managers must develop.| knowledge areas
# Project management tools and ____________________ assist project managers and their teams in carrying out work in all nine knowledge areas.| techniques
# Gantt charts, project network diagrams, critical path analysis, crashing, fast tracking, and schedule performance measurements are examples of tools and techniques for ____________________.| time management
# Companies that excel in project delivery use performance ____________________ to quantify progress.| metrics
# ____________________ refers to the process in which organizations group and manage projects and programs as a portfolio of investments that contribute to the entire enterprise’s success.| Project portfolio management - Portfolio management
# ____________________ skills include effective communication, influencing the organization to get things done, leadership, motivation, negotiation, conflict management, and problem solving.| Soft
# One reason project managers need good ____________________ skills is that to understand, navigate, and meet stakeholders’ needs and expectations, they need to lead, communicate, negotiate, solve problems, and influence the organization at large.| soft
# Some people say that, “Managers do things right, and ____________________ do the right things.”| leaders
# A(n) ____________________ chart is a standard format for displaying project schedule information.| Gantt
# As computer hardware became smaller and more affordable and ____________________ included graphical and easy to use interfaces, project management software became less expensive and more widely used.| software
# The ____________________, an international professional society for project managers founded in 1969, has continued to attract and retain members, reporting 277,221 members worldwide by August 31, 2008.| PMI - Project Management Institute - Project Management Institute (PMI)
# Because there are so many people working on projects in various industries, PMI has created Specific ____________________ (SIGs) that enable members to share ideas about project management in their particular application areas, such as information systems.| Interest Groups
# ____________________, loosely defined, is a set of principles that guide our decision making based on personal values of what is “right” and “wrong.”| Ethics
# ____________________ tools, a step up from low-end tools, are designed to handle larger projects, multiple users, and multiple projects.| Midrange
# ____________________ is still the most widely used project management software today in the midrange tools category.| Microsoft Project
# ____________________ tools are generally licensed on a per-user basis.| High-end
# Many of the theories and concepts of project management are difficult to understand.| False
# If project managers lead projects in isolation, it is unlikely that those projects will ever truly serve the needs of the organization.| True
# Using a systems approach is critical to successful project management.| True
# Few business and information technology students understand the concepts of systems and performing a systems analysis.| False
# Although it is easier to focus on the immediate and sometimes narrow concerns of a particular project, project managers and other staff must keep in mind the effects of any project on the interests and needs of the entire system or organization.| True
# When you separate business and organizational issues from project management planning, you do a better job of ensuring project success.| False
# Organizational issues are often the least difficult part of working on and managing projects.| False
# According to the symbolic frame, what is most important about any event in an organization is what actually happened.| False
# Most colleges and universities have very strong functional organizations.| True
# An organization that uses a project organizational structure earns their revenue primarily from performing projects for other groups under contract.| True
# Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from various functional areas working on their projects.| True
# Assigning staff part-time to the project often creates underutilization and/or misallocation of staff resources.| False
# Project organizations may miss economies of scale available through the pooling of requests for materials with other projects.| True
# The same organization can have different subcultures.| True
# An organizational culture with strong unit integration makes the project manager’s job more difficult.| False
# External project stakeholders generally include the project sponsor, project team, support staff, and internal customers for the project.| False
# Technical and analytical skills guarantee success in project management.| False
# The best way to kill a project is to withhold the required money, human resources, and visibility for the project.| True
# If project managers have functional management commitment, they will also have adequate resources and not be distracted by events that do not affect their specific projects.| False
# If a project manager does not submit a potential project in the proper format, it could be rejected.| True
# It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during earlier phases.| False
# Most IT projects involve a major amount of software development.| False
# The Adaptive Software Development (ASD) life cycle model assumes that software development follows an adaptive approach because the requirements cannot be clearly expressed early in the life cycle.| True
# Since the organization usually commits more money as a project continues, a management review should occur after each phase to evaluate progress, potential success, and continued compatibility with organizational goals.| True
# The nature of hardware development projects is more diverse than software-oriented projects.| False
# Within the category of programmer, there are several job titles used to describe the specific technologies the programmer uses, such as project manager programmer, systems analyst programmer, macro developer, and so on.| False
# It is rare for technical specialists or project managers to remain with the same company for a long time.| True
# Because of the nature of information technology projects, the people involved come from very similar backgrounds and possess similar skill sets.| False
# Because of overlaps in their duties, hardware specialists usually understand the language of database analysts, and vice versa.| False
# COBOL programmers cannot be of much help on a Java project.| True
# To handle complex situations effectively, project managers need to take a(n) ____________________ view of a project and understand how it relates to the larger organization.| holistic
# A(n) ____________________ is an overall model for thinking about things as systems.| systems philosophy
# ____________________ are sets of interacting components working within an environment to fulfill some purpose.| Systems
# ____________________ addresses the business, technological, and organizational issues associated with creating, maintaining, and making a change to a system.| Systems management
# The three spheres of systems management are business, organization, and ____________________.| technology
# The ____________________ is usually depicted in an organizational chart.| structural frame
# The ____________________ focuses on symbols and meanings.| symbolic frame
# Three general classifications of organizational structures are ____________________, project, and matrix.| functional
# In a(n) ____________________ organizational structure, project managers have little or no authority.| functional
# When project managers use a(n) ____________________, they are better able to make decisions that address the needs of the entire organization.| systems approach
# Experienced project managers know it is often best to balance the degree of ____________________ to get good project results.| control
# Some projects have a senior manager called a(n) ____________________ who acts as a key proponent for a project.| champion
# A major element of good practice concerns ____________________, which addresses the authority and control for key IT activities in organizations, including IT infrastructure, IT use, and project management.| IT governance
# A(n) ____________________ is a product or service, such as a report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project.| deliverable
# In the ____________________ phase, there should be some sort of customer acceptance of the entire project.| close-out - closeout
# Understanding the ____________________ is just as important to good project management as understanding the phases of the traditional project life cycle.| product life cycle
# A(n) ____________________ is a framework for describing the phases involved in developing information systems.| SDLC - systems development life cycle - systems development life cycle (SDLC)
# The term ____________________ has become popular to describe new approaches that focus on close collaboration between programming teams and business experts.| agile software development
# Management reviews, called phase exits or ____________________, are very important for keeping projects on track and determining if they should be continued, redirected, or terminated.| kill points
# A(n) ____________________ is a group of senior executives from various parts of the organization, who regularly review important corporate projects and issues.| executive steering committee
# Decisions and actions taken in one knowledge area at a certain time rarely affect other knowledge areas.| False
# Initiating processes take place during each phase of a project.| True
# Initiating processes are not required to end a project.| False
# The level of activity and length of each process group varies for every project.| T-80
# Initiating and closing tasks are usually the longest and require the most amount of resources and time.| False
# Research suggests that companies working to implement best practices should spend less than 10 percent of project time in initiating and planning.| False
# The executing process group generally requires the most resources.| True
# Monitoring and controlling processes overlap all of the other project management process groups.| True
# Key outcomes of the executing process group are formal acceptance of the work and creation of closing documents.| False
# The majority of organizations develop their own internal information technology project management methodologies.| False
# You cannot tailor RUP to include the PMBOK process groups.| False
# DMAIC is used to improve an existing business process.| True
# An organization should put considerable thought into project selection to ensure that it initiates the right kinds of projects for the right reasons.| True
# In the long-term view, it is better to have a huge success on an unimportant project than to have a moderate success on an important project.| False
# Information technology is usually a support function in an organization.| True
# Information systems must support the firm’s business goals, such as developing its own intranet site applications.| False
# An organization may initiate information technology projects for several reasons, but the most important reason is to support business objectives.| True
# It is good practice to lay the groundwork for a project after it officially starts.| False
# A stakeholder management strategy is an approach to help increase the support of stakeholders throughout the project.| True
# Some project managers do not even write down stakeholder information because they do not consider stakeholder management as a crucial part of their jobs.| False
# The kick-off meeting is always held before the business case and project charter are completed.| False
# A milestone list is an output list associated with the Project Scope Management knowledge area.| False
# The WBS provides a basis for creating the project schedule and performing earned value management for measuring and forecasting project performance.| True
# Project initiation involves taking the actions necessary to ensure that activities in the project plan are completed.| False
# Planning the project includes work required to introduce any new hardware, software, and procedures into normal operations.| True
# The products of the project are produced during project implementation, and it usually takes the least amount of resources to accomplish this process.| False
# Human resource issues often occur during project execution, especially conflicts.| True
# The process of acquiring a project team falls under the Project Human Resource Management knowledge area.| True
# In addition to progress reports, an important tool for monitoring and controlling a project is using project management software.| True
# Even though many information technology projects are canceled before completion, it is still important to formally close any project and reflect on what can be learned to improve future projects.| True
# A(n) ____________________ is a series of actions directed toward a particular result.| process
# ____________________ progress from initiation activities to planning activities, executing activities, monitoring and controlling activities, and closing activities.| Project management process groups
# The ____________________ plan coordinates and encompasses information from all other plans.| project management
# Each of the five project management ____________________ is characterized by the completion of certain tasks.| process groups
# The ideal outcome of the monitoring and  ____________________ process group is to complete a project successfully by delivering the agreed-upon project scope within time, cost, and quality constraints.| controlling
# Many of the project management processes occur as part of the ____________________ process group.| planning
# A(n) ____________________ describes how things should be done.| methodology
# Ideally, the ____________________ would be involved in initiating a project, but often the project manager is selected after many initiation decisions have already been made.| project manager
# Developing a(n) ____________________ to share its project management knowledge could help a company reduce internal costs by working more effectively.| intranet
# ____________________ are people involved in or affected by project activities and include the project sponsor, project team, support staff, customers, users, suppliers, and even opponents to the project.| Stakeholders
# A(n) ___________________ includes basic information such as stakeholder names, level of interest in the project, level of influence on the project, and potential management strategies for gaining support or reducing obstacles from that particular stakeholder.	| stakeholder management strategy
# ____________________ is often the most difficult and unappreciated process in project management.| Planning
# The main purpose of project plans is to ____________________ project execution.| guide
# A(n) ____________________ is the output of risk identification planning.| risk register
# The ____________________ is a very important tool in project management because it provides the basis for deciding how to do the work.| WBS - work breakdown structure - work breakdown structure (WBS)
# ____________________ the project includes work required to introduce any new hardware, software, and procedures into normal operations.| Executing
# The process of information distribution falls under the ____________________ knowledge area.| project communications - project communications management
# ____________________ and controlling is the process of measuring progress toward project objectives, monitoring deviation from the plan, and taking corrective action to match progress with the plan.| Monitoring
# Directing and managing project execution involves carrying out the project management plan by performing the activities included in it.| True
# Many people consider project integration management the key to overall project success.| True
# Project integration management does not include interface management.| False
# The number of interfaces can increase EXPONENTIALLY as the number of people involved in a project increases.| True
# Project integration management must occur just within the context of a particular project.| False
# Project managers should never be involved in strategic planning and project selection.| False
# Strategic planning involves determining long-term objectives by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of an organization, studying opportunities and threats in the business environment, predicting future trends, and projecting the need for new products and services.| T-134
# An organization’s information technology project selection process should guide the strategic plan.| False
# Information systems can help an organization support a strategy of being a low-cost producer.| True
# Selecting projects is considered an exact science.| False
# As projects progress, the organization must reevaluate the need, funding, and will for each project to determine if the project should be continued, redefined, or terminated.| True
# Opportunities and directives are essentially the same thing.| False
# Many problems and directives must be resolved quickly.| True
# The organization should complete low-priority projects before high-priority ones, if the low-priority ones take less time.| False
# You can use the NPV function in Microsoft Access to calculate the NPV quickly.| False
# Net present value and cash flow mean the same thing.| False
# An annual discount factor is a multiplier for each year based on the discount rate and year.| True
# The ROI is always positive.| False
# Payback period is the amount of time it will take to recoup, in the form of net cash inflows, the total dollars invested in a project.| True
# The first step in creating a weighted scoring model is to assign a weight to each criterion.| False
# A project charter typically does not authorize the project manager to use organizational resources to complete the project.| False
# Some people might use a contract in place of a charter.| True
# Many projects fail because of unclear requirements and expectations, so starting with a project charter makes a lot of sense.| False
# Project management plans document project planning assumptions and decisions regarding choices.| True
# The introduction or overview of a project must only include a list of definitions and acronyms.| False
# A stakeholder analysis should be part of the overall project plan.| False
# The key deliverables section of the project management plan should describe the quality expectations for the product deliverables.| True
# A commonsense approach to improving the coordination between project plan development and execution is to follow this simple rule: Those who will do the work should not plan the work.| False
# Many organizations have found that large information technology projects require experienced general managers who understand the business and application area of the technology, not the technology itself.| True
# All projects can benefit from using some type of project management information system to coordinate and communicate project information.| True
# ____________________ involves coordinating all of the other project management knowledge areas throughout a project’s life cycle.| Project integration management
# Good ____________________ management is critical to providing stakeholder satisfaction.| project integration
# ____________________ involves identifying and managing the points of interaction between various elements of the project.| Interface management
# Project initiation starts with identifying potential projects, using realistic methods to select which projects to work on, and then formalizing their initiation by issuing some sort of ____________________.| project charter
# The last step in the ____________________ process for selecting information technology projects is choosing which projects to do and assigning resources for working on them.| planning
# Many information systems are classified as “____________________” because they directly support key business strategies.| strategic
# Many organizations rely on effective ____________________ (NPD) to increase growth and profitability.| new product development
# ____________________ are undesirable situations that prevent an organization from achieving its goals.| Problems
# ____________________ are chances to improve the organization.| Opportunities
# Even though many information technology projects can be completed quickly, it is still important to ____________________ them.| prioritize
# A positive NPV means the return from a project exceeds the ____________________, the return available by investing the capital elsewhere.| cost of capital
# A(n) ____________________ is the rate used in discounting future cash flow.| discount rate
# ____________________ is the result of subtracting the project costs from the benefits and then dividing by the costs.| ROI - Return on investment - Return on investment (ROI)
# You can use the ____________________ function in Excel to determine the IRR quickly.| Goal Seek
# A(n) ____________________ is a tool that provides a systematic process for selecting projects based on many criteria.| weighted scoring model
# With a(n) ____________________, you can simply add all the points to determine the best projects for selection, without having to multiply weights and scores and sum the results.| point model
# Enterprise ____________________ include relevant government or industry standards, the organization’s infrastructure, and marketplace conditions.| environmental factors
# ____________________ include formal and informal plans, policies, procedures, guidelines, information systems, financial systems, management systems, lessons learned, and historical information that can be used to influence a project’s success.| Organizational process assets
# A project manager usually organizes the project work into several work packages using a(n) ____________________.| WBS - work breakdown structure - work breakdown structure (WBS)
# The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standard 1058-1998 describes the contents of a(n) ____________________.| SPMP - Software Project Management Plan - Software Project Management Plan (SPMP)
# Project managers should not hesitate to consult ____________________ on different topics, such as what methodology to follow, what programming language to use, what training approach to follow, and so on.| experts
# ____________________ project work includes collecting, measuring, and disseminating performance information.| Monitoring
# A(n) ____________________ is the approved project management plan plus approved changes.| baseline
# A(n) preventive ____________________ might be modifying a time-tracking system screen to avoid common errors people made in the past.| action
# ____________________ involves identifying, evaluating, and managing changes throughout the project life cycle.| Integrated change control
# Scope refers to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them.| True
# Deliverables are only product-related, such as a piece of hardware or software.| False
# Project scope management includes the processes involved in defining and controlling what is or is not included in a project.| True
# The project’s size, complexity, importance, and other factors will not affect how much effort is spent on collecting requirements for scope planning.| False
# Information from the project charter provides a basis for further defining the project scope.| True
# Project scope statements should include, at a minimum, a product scope description and detailed information on all project deliverables.| False
# The scope of a project should be clear and specific from the start.| False
# Many information technology projects also require detailed functional and design specifications for developing software, which also should be referenced in the detailed scope statement.| True
# The project scope statement should reference supporting documents, such as product specifications that will affect what products are produced or purchased, or corporate policies, which might affect how products or services are produced.| True
# The project scope statement provides the basis for planning and managing project schedules, costs, resources, and changes.| False
# The project scope statement, stakeholder requirements documentation, and organizational process assets are the primary inputs for creating a WBS.| True
# A WBS is often depicted as a task-oriented pie chart.| False
# A project team always organizes the WBS around project products.| False
# A work package represents the level of work that the project manager monitors and controls.| True
# A work package should always represent less than 80 hours of work.| False
# You can only enter duration estimates for work packages.| True
# It is easy to create a good WBS.| False
# The tasks in a WBS do not have to be developed as a sequential list of steps.| True
# If you want some time-based flow for the work, you can create a WBS using the project management process groups of initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing as Level 2 in the WBS.| True
# The executing tasks of the WBS remain constant from project to project.| False
# Many organizations provide guidelines and templates for developing WBSs.| True
# Mind mapping allows people to write and even draw pictures of ideas in a nonlinear format.| True
# The format of the WBS dictionary should be the same from project to project.| False
# A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS.| True
# Lack of user input leads to problems with managing scope creep and controlling change.| True
# Factors such as user involvement, clear business objectives, a minimized or clearly defined scope, and firm basic requirements, are elements of ____________________.| project scope management
# The main outputs of ____________________ are the project scope statement and updates to project documents.| scope definition
# Creating the ____________________ involves subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components.| WBS - work breakdown structure - work breakdown structure (WBS)
# Key inputs for preparing the project scope statement include the ____________________, requirements documentation, and organizational process assets such as policies and procedures related to scope statements as well as project files and lessons learned from previous, similar projects.| project charter
# The main outputs of scope definition are the ____________________ and project document updates.| project scope statement
# The project scope statement should reference ____________________, such as product specifications that will affect what products are produced or purchased, or corporate policies, which might affect how products or services are produced.| supporting documents
# A(n) ____________________ project scope statement is an important document for developing and confirming a common understanding of the project scope.| up-to-date - up to date - 
# Some project management experts believe that work should not be done on a project if it is not included in the ____________________.| WBS - work breakdown structure - work breakdown structure (WBS)
# PMI uses the term “___________________” to describe each level of work in the WBS.| task
# A(n) ____________________ is a task at the lowest level of the WBS.| work package
# If ____________________ for developing a WBS exist, it is very important to follow them.| guidelines
# In the ____________________ approach, team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible.| bottom-up
# ____________________ is a technique that uses branches radiating out from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas.| Mind mapping
# ____________________ can be used for developing WBSs using the top-down or bottom-up approach.| Mind mapping
# A(n) ____________________ is a document that describes detailed information about each WBS item.| WBS dictionary
# The approved project scope statement and its associated WBS and WBS dictionary form the ____________________.| scope baseline
# ____________________ is the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger.| Scope creep
# The main tool for performing scope verification is ____________________.| inspection
# ____________________ involves controlling changes to the project scope.| Scope control
# ____________________ is the difference between planned and actual performance.| Variance
# Many information technology projects are failures in terms of meeting scope, time, and cost projections.| True
# Managers often cite cost issues during the end phase of a project as one of their biggest challenges and the main cause of conflict.| False
# Schedule performance can be estimated by subtracting the original time estimate from how long it really took to complete the project.| True
# Individual work styles and cultural differences may cause schedule conflicts.| True
# Different cultures may have different perceptions of work ethic.| True
# The outputs to schedule development include activity duration estimates and project document updates.| False
# The main outputs of estimating activity resources includes the activity list and attributes, project scope statement, milestone list, and organizational process assets.| False
# Most managers are unfamiliar with any forms of scheduling.| False
# Project schedules grow out of the basic documents that initiate a project.| True
# It only takes one activity to complete a milestone.| False
# Activity information is not a required input to the other time management processes.| False
# After defining project activities, the next step in project time management is sequencing them or determining their dependencies.| True
# Even though the delivery of new hardware may not be in the scope of a project, you should add an external dependency to it.| True
# Network diagrams are the preferred technique for showing activity discretionary dependencies.| False
# The arrows in a network diagram represent the activity sequencing or relationships between tasks.| True
# It is not necessary to complete all of the activities on the network diagram in order for the project to finish.| False
# Every item on the WBS needs to be on the network diagram.| False
# Start-to-finish relationships are the most common type of relationships.| False
# It is important that the people who help determine what resources are necessary include people who have experience and expertise in similar projects and with the organization performing the project.| True
# Duration only includes the actual amount of time worked on an activity.| False
# In a Gantt chart created in Microsoft Project, a black diamond symbol represents a milestone.| True
# A Tracking Gantt chart is based on the percentage of work completed for project tasks or the actual start and finish dates.| True
# Most projects have one path through a network diagram.| False
# The critical path always includes the most critical activities.| False
# A fast and easy way to determine early and late start and finish dates and free and total slack amounts for activities is by using project management software.| True
# Fast tracking can end up lengthening the project schedule.| True
# By using the PERT weighted average for each activity duration estimate, the total project duration estimate does not account for the risk or uncertainty in the individual activity estimates.| False
# ne of PERT’s main disadvantages is that it involves more work than CPM.| True
# Many projects, especially in information technology, have very unrealistic schedule expectations.| True
# Project management software does not have the capacity to automatically generate network diagrams and calculate the critical path(s) for the project.| False
# ____________________ is the one variable in project scheduling that has the least amount of flexibility.| Time
# ____________________ involves the processes required to ensure timely completion of a project.| Project time management
# ____________________ involves estimating how many people, equipment, and materials a project team should use to perform project activities| Estimating activity resources
# Outputs of ____________________  include activity duration estimates and project documentation updates.| estimating activity durations
# The ____________________ is a tabulation of activities to be included on a project schedule.| activity list
# A(n) ____________________ on a project is a significant event that normally has no duration.| milestone
# In the activity definition process, the project team should review the ____________________ and activity attributes with project stakeholders before moving on to the next step in project time management.| activity list
# A(n) ____________________ is a schematic display of the logical relationships among, or sequencing of, project activities.| network diagram
# In a network diagram, a(n) ____________________ is simply the starting and ending point of an activity.| node
# In a(n) ____________________ relationship, the “from” activity must start before the “to” activity can be finished.| start-to-finish
# ____________________ have no duration and no resources but are occasionally needed on AOA network diagrams to show logical relationships between activities.| Dummy activities
# ____________________ is the number of workdays or work hours required to complete a task.| Effort
# Duration estimates are often provided as a discrete number, such as four weeks, or as a range, such as three to five weeks, or as a(n) ____________________.| three-point estimate
# To make milestones meaningful, some people use the ____________________ criteria to help define them.| SMART
# A(n) ____________________ Gantt chart compares planned and actual project schedule information.| Tracking
# A white diamond on the Tracking Gantt chart represents a(n) ____________________.| slipped milestone
# A(n) ____________________ for a project is the series of activities that determine the earliest time by which the project can be completed.| critical path
# A(n) ____________________ determines the early start and early finish dates for each activity.| forward pass
# The ____________________ is based on the fact that, like a chain with its weakest link, any complex system at any point in time often has only one aspect or constraint that limits its ability to achieve more of its goal.| TOC - Theory of Constraints - Theory of Constraints (TOC)
# ____________________ occurs when a resource works on more than one task at a time.| Multitasking
# ____________________ states that if something can go wrong, it will.| Murphy’s Law
# The main outputs of ____________________ include work performance measurements, organizational process assets updates, such as lessons-learned reports related to schedule control, change requests, project management plan updates, and project document updates.| schedule control
# One of the first reality checks on scheduling that a project manager should make is to review the ____________________ usually included in the project charter.| draft schedule
# Managers like to see progress made on projects approximately each ____________________.| month
# Many project management software programs come with ____________________ or sample files.| templates
# Although information technology projects have a poor track record in meeting project goals, they have a good track record in meeting budget goals.| False
# Preparing cost estimates is a job for accountants.| False
# Any new technology or business process is untested and has inherent risks.| True
# Many projects that are started never finish because of cost management problems.| True
# When justifying investments in new information systems and technology, the focus should only be on revenues or expenses.| False
# Organizations have a history of spending too much money in the early phases of information technology projects.| False
# Project managers must conduct cash flow analysis to determine net present value.| True
# Direct costs cannot be directly attributed to a certain project.| False
# When deciding what projects to invest in or continue, you should include sunk costs.| False
# Learning curve theory does not apply to the amount of time it takes to complete some tasks.| False
# If a project manager gets sick for two weeks or an important supplier goes out of business, management reserve could be set aside to cover the resulting costs.| True
# ROM estimates can be referred to as a ballpark estimate, a guesstimate, a swag, or a broad gauge.| True
# A definitive estimate should be the least accurate of the three types of estimates.| False
# Estimates are usually done at various stages of a project and should become more accurate as time progresses.| True
# The cost management plan is part of the overall project management plan.| True
# A large percentage of total project costs are often labor costs.| True
# Parametric models are least reliable when historical information was used to create the model.| False
# When developing an estimate for a large software project, estimates cannot be made before clear system requirements have been produced.| False
# The people who develop software cost estimates often have a great deal of experience with cost estimation.| False
# Every cost estimate is unique.| True
# The WBS is not a required input to the cost budgeting process.| False
# Most organizations have a well-established process for preparing budgets.| True
# Cost budgeting provides information for project funding requirements.| True
# There does not need to be a change control system to define procedures for changing the cost baseline.| False
# The formulas for variances and indexes start with EV, the earned value.| True
# If cost variance is a positive number, it means that performing the work cost more than planned.| False
# If the cost performance index is less than one or less than 100 percent, the project is under budget.| False
# In an earned value chart, when the actual cost line is right on or above the earned value line, costs are less than or equal to planned.| False
# Many projects, particularly information technology projects, do not have good planning information, so tracking performance against a plan might produce misleading information.| True
# Databases are a common tool for cost estimating, cost budgeting, and cost control.| False
# Using good ____________________ can change the false perception that costs grow and failures are to be expected.| project cost management
# The main outputs of the ____________________ process are activity cost estimates, basis of estimates,  and project document updates.| cost estimating
# The main outputs of the ____________________ process are a cost performance baseline, project funding requirements, and project document updates.| cost budgeting
# The main outputs of the ____________________ process are work performance measurements, budget forecasts, organizational process asset updates, change requests, project management plan updates, and project document updates.| cost control
# Information technology project managers need to be able to present and discuss project information in ____________________ terms as well as in technical terms.| financial
# ____________________ are revenues minus expenditures.| Profits
# ____________________ allows you to see a big-picture view of the cost of a project throughout its life cycle.| Life cycle costing
# ____________________ considers the total cost of ownership, or development plus support costs, for a project.| Life cycle costing
# ____________________ costs or benefits are costs or benefits that are difficult to measure in monetary terms.| Intangible
# ____________________ cost is money that has been spent in the past.| Sunk
# ____________________ states that when many items are produced repetitively, the unit cost of those items decreases in a regular pattern as more units are produced.| Learning curve theory
# A(n) ____________________ is a document that describes how the organization will manage cost variances on the project.| cost management plan
# ____________________ costs are often much higher for contractors.| Labor
# ____________________ uses project characteristics in a mathematical model to estimate project costs.| Parametric modeling
# In practice, many people find that using a combination or hybrid approach involving analogous, bottom up, and/or parametric modeling provides the best ____________________.| cost estimates
# It is helpful to analyze the total dollar value as well as the percentage of the total amount for each major ____________________ category.| WBS - work breakdown structure - work breakdown structure (WBS)
# It’s important for the team to ____________________ assumptions they made when developing the cost baseline and have several experts review it.| document
# In addition to providing input for budgetary estimates, cost budgeting provides a(n) ____________________.| cost baseline
# ____________________ has many cost management features to help you enter budgeted costs, set a baseline, enter actuals, calculate variances, and run various cost reports.| Project 2007 - Microsoft Project - Microsoft Project 2007
# A(n) ____________________ is the original project plan plus approved changes.| baseline
# After you total the EV, AC, and PV data for all activities on a project, you can use the CPI and ____________________ to project how much it will cost and how long it will take to finish the project based on performance to date.| SPI - schedule performance index - schedule performance index (SPI)
# In general, ____________________ numbers for cost and schedule variance indicate problems in those areas.| negative
# ____________________ and SPI less than one or less than 100 percent indicate problems.| CPI - Cost performance index - Cost performance index (CPI)
# The cost performance index can be used to calculate the ____________________.| EAC - estimate at completion - estimate at completion (EAC)
# Many organizations now collect and control an entire suite of projects or investments as one set of interrelated activities in one place, called a(n) ____________________.| portfolio
# Most people simply accept poor quality from many information technology products.| True
# The majority of people in the United States use the Internet.| True
# When an information system does not function correctly, it is generally a slight inconvenience.| False
# Quality is a lower priority than project scope, time, and cost.| False
# The quality planning process involves taking responsibility for quality throughout the project’s life cycle.| False
# Quality planning implies the ability to anticipate situations and prepare actions that bring about the desired outcome.| True
# Understanding which variables affect outcome is a very important part of quality planning.| True
# Design of experiments cannot be applied to project management issues such as cost and schedule trade-offs.| False
# Organizational policies related to quality, the particular project’s scope statement and product descriptions, and related standards and regulations are all important input to the quality assurance process.| False
# It is important to clarify what functions and features the system must perform, and what functions and features are optional.| True
# Most information technology products can reach 100 percent reliability.| False
# Project managers are ultimately responsible for quality management on their projects.| True
# Continuous quality improvement is not a goal of quality assurance.| False
# Only in-house auditors can perform quality audits.| False
# If products are accepted, they are considered to be validated deliverables.| True
# In a Pareto chart, the variables described by the histogram are ordered chronologically.| False
# To obtain valid statistics, it is important to study every member of a population.| False
# Control charts are one tool used in the analyze phase of the DMAIC process.| False
# All of the Six Sigma principles are brand new.| False
# Using Six Sigma principles is an organization-wide commitment.| True
# Minimizing defects does not matter if an organization is making a product that no one wants to buy.| True
# The term sigma means median.| False
# Testing needs to be done during almost every phase of the systems development life cycle.| True
# Integration testing replaces the other forms of testing with a single comprehensive test.| False
# Modern quality management requires customer satisfaction, prefers prevention to inspection, and recognizes management responsibility for quality.| True
# In TQC, product quality is less important than production rates, and workers are not allowed to stop production whenever a quality problem occurs.| False
# ISO 9000 provides minimum requirements needed for an organization to meet its quality certification standards.| True
# Many quality experts believe the main cause of quality problems is the lack of leadership.| True
# DeMarco and Lister found direct correlations between productivity and programming language, years of experience, and salary.| False
# Expectations can vary based on an organization’s culture or geographic region.| True
# The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines ____________________ as “the totality of characteristics of an entity that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs.”| quality
# ____________________ means a product can be used as it was intended.| Fitness for use
# The purpose of ____________________ is to ensure that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken.| project quality management - quality management
# Examples of common ____________________ include failure rates of products produced, availability of goods and services, and customer satisfaction ratings.| metrics
# Performing ____________________ involves periodically evaluating overall project performance to ensure that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards.| quality assurance
# Performing _________________________ involves monitoring specific project results to ensure that they comply with the relevant quality standards while identifying ways to improve overall quality.| quality control
# ____________________ is a quality planning technique that helps identify which variables have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process.| Design of experiments
# ____________________ are the screens and reports the system generates.| System outputs
# Top management and ____________________ can have the greatest impact on the quality of projects by doing a good job of quality assurance.| project managers
# A(n) ____________________ is a structured review of specific quality management activities that help identify lessons learned that could improve performance on current or future projects.| quality audit
# ____________________ often perform quality audits by helping to design specific quality metrics for a project and then applying and analyzing the metrics throughout the project.| Industrial engineers
# ____________________ often results in requested changes and validated defect repair, resulting from recommended defect repair or corrective or preventive actions.| Rework
# ____________________ diagrams trace complaints about quality problems back to the responsible production operations.| Cause-and-effect - Fishbone - Ishikawa
# A(n) ____________________ is a histogram that can help you identify and prioritize problem areas.| Pareto chart - Pareto diagram
# Standard deviation and ____________________ are fundamental concepts for understanding quality control charts.| variability
# Sample size = 0.25 * (____________________/acceptable error)2| certainty factor
# Projects that use Six Sigma principles for quality control normally follow a five-phase improvement process called ____________________.| DMAIC
# ____________________ measures how much variation exists in a distribution of data.| Standard deviation
# The ____________________ represents the number of units handled correctly through the process steps.| yield
# ____________________ is a measure of quality control equal to 1 fault in 1 million opportunities.| Six 9s of quality
# Watts S. Humphrey defines a(n) ____________________ as anything that must be changed before delivery of the program.| software defect
# ____________________ are groups of non-supervisors and work leaders in a single company department who volunteer to conduct group studies on how to improve the effectiveness of work in their department.| Quality circles
# ____________________ design methods focus on eliminating defects by substituting scientific inquiry for trial-and-error methods.| Robust
# The ____________________ means taking responsibility for failures or not meeting quality expectations.| cost of nonconformance
# The ____________________ model focuses on defining user requirements and planning software projects.| SQFD - Software Quality Function Deployment - Software Quality Function Deployment (SQFD)
# Most project managers agree that managing human resources effectively is one of the toughest challenges they face.| True
# The global job market for information technology workers is contracting.| False
# Hiring managers say interpersonal skills are the least important soft skill for information technology workers.| False
# As the job market changes, people should upgrade their skills to remain marketable and flexible.| True
# Many highly qualified information technology workers lost their jobs in the past few years.| True
# If companies plan their projects well, they can avoid the need for overtime, or they can make it clear that overtime is optional.| True
# Team-building skills are often not a challenge for many project managers.| False
# Extrinsic motivation causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment.| False
# Maslow’s hierarchy of needs states that people’s behaviors are guided or motivated by a sequence of needs.| True
# Maslow suggests that each level of the hierarchy of needs is not necessarily a prerequisite for the levels above.| False
# According to Herzberg, hygiene factors such as larger salaries, more supervision, or a more attractive work environment would motivate workers to do more if present.| False
# People who need institutional power or social power want to organize others to further the goals of the organization.| True
# People who believe in Theory Y assume that workers dislike and avoid work if possible, so managers must use coercion, threats, and various control schemes to get workers to make adequate efforts to meet objectives.| False
# Project managers often do not have control over project staff who report to them.| True
# Assignment, budget, promotion, money, and penalty influence bases are automatically available to project managers as part of their position.| False
# Thamhain and Wilemon found that when project managers used work challenge and expertise to influence people, projects were more likely to succeed.| True
# Legitimate power involves using personal knowledge and expertise to get people to change their behavior.| False
# Smaller information technology projects usually have deputy project managers or subproject managers.| False
# A responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) is a matrix that maps the work of the project as described in the OBS to the people responsible for performing the work as described in the WBS.| False
# A RAM should only be used to assign detailed work activities.| False
# A staffing management plan describes when and how people will be added to and taken off the project team.| True
# One innovative approach to hiring and retaining information technology staff is to offer existing employees incentives for helping recruit and retain personnel.| True
# Schedules tend to focus primarily on time rather than on both time and resources.| True
# If a certain resource is overallocated, the project manager can change the schedule to remove resource overallocation.| True
# When resources are used on a more constant basis, they require more management.| False
# Resource leveling results in fewer problems for project personnel and accounting departments.| True
# Project managers often recommend that people take specific training courses to improve individual and team development.| True
# The first dimension of psychological type in the MBTI signifies whether people draw their energy from other people (extroverts) or from inside themselves (introverts).| True
# Project managers do not need to continually assess their team’s performance.| False
# Project managers should limit the size of work teams to eight to ten members.| False
# If organizations want to be successful at implementing information technology projects, they need to understand the importance of project ____________________ and take actions to make effective use of people.| human resource management
# Psychosocial issues that affect how people work and how well they work include ____________________, influence and power, and effectiveness.| motivation
# ____________________ causes people to do something for a reward or to avoid a penalty.| Extrinsic motivation
# Only after meeting ____________________ needs can individuals act upon growth needs.| deficiency
# Herzberg called factors that cause job satisfaction ____________________.| motivators
# ____________________ should receive frequent performance feedback, and although money is not an important motivator to them, it is an effective form of feedback.| Achievers
# The ____________________ is a tool to measure the individual needs of different people using McClelland’s categories.| TAT - Thematic Apperception Test - Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
# Managers who believe in McGregor’s ____________________ assume that individuals do not inherently dislike work, but consider it as natural as play or rest.| Theory Y
# ____________________ is the potential ability to influence behavior to get people to do things they would not otherwise do.| Power
# There are ____________________ main types of power, based on French and Raven’s classic study, “The Bases of Social Power.”| 5
# ____________________ is getting people to do things based on a position of authority.| Legitimate power
# ____________________ is the concept that the whole is equal to more than the sum of its parts.| Synergy
# Covey, like Maslow, believes that people have the ability to be ____________________ and choose their responses to different situations.| proactive
# ____________________ is listening with the intent to understand.| Empathic listening
# ____________________ is a relation of harmony, conformity, accord, or affinity.| Rapport
# The ____________________ often includes an organizational chart for the project, detailed information on roles and responsibilities, and a staffing management plan.| human resource plan
# ____________________ are responsible for managing the subprojects into which a large project might be divided.| Subproject managers
# A(n) ____________________ or draft contract often provides the basis for defining and finalizing work requirements.| RFP - Request for Proposal - Request for Proposal (RFP)
# The ____________________ allocates work to responsible and performing organizations, teams, or individuals, depending on the desired level of detail.| RAM - responsibility assignment matrix - responsibility assignment matrix (RAM)
# A(n) ____________________ is a specific type of organizational chart that shows which organizational units are responsible for which work items.| OBS - organizational breakdown structure - organizational breakdown structure (OBS)
# Some organizations use ____________________ to show Responsibility, Accountability, Consultation, and Informed roles for project stakeholders.| RACI charts
# ____________________ means more resources than are available are assigned to perform work at a given time.| Overallocation
# Resource ____________________ aims to minimize period-by-period variations in resource loading by shifting tasks within their slack allowances.| leveling
# The ____________________ is a popular tool for determining personality preferences.| MBTI - Myers-Briggs Type Indicator - Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
# Many project managers keep a(n) ____________________ to document, monitor, and track issues that need to be resolved for the project team to work effectively.| issue log
# The information technology field is relatively stable and unchanging.| False
# The gap between users and developers decreases as technology advances.| False
# Most educational systems for information technology graduates promote strong technical skills over strong communication and social skills.| True
# You can separate technical skills and soft skills when working on information technology projects.| False
# The communications management plan will vary with the needs of the project.| True
# The communications management plan should not address frequency of communication.| False
# By analyzing stakeholder communications needs, you can avoid wasting time or money on creating or disseminating unnecessary information.| True
# Consistent communication helps organizations improve project communications, especially for programs composed of multiple projects.| True
# Many WBSs include a section for project communications to ensure that reporting key information is a project deliverable.| True
# Getting project information to the right people at the right time and in a useful format is not as important as developing the information in the first place.| False
# Instead of knowing the people working on their projects and developing a trusting relationship with them, many colleagues and managers should want to focus on getting information by reading technical documents.| False
# It is not important to document any changes in technical specifications that might affect product performance.| False
# People have a tendency to want to report bad information.| False
# Adding more people to a project that is falling behind schedule often causes more setbacks because of the increased complexity of communications.| True
# You can assume that a task originally scheduled to take two months of one person’s time can be done in one month by two people.| False
# Rarely does the receiver interpret a message exactly as the sender intended.| True
# Communicating badly exponentially increases the possibility of making fatal mistakes.| True
# Status reports can take various formats depending on the stakeholders’ needs.| True
# Many projects have each team member prepare a monthly or sometimes weekly progress report.| True
# Team members often create consolidated progress reports based on the information received from team leaders.| False
# Project managers should lead their teams in developing norms for dealing with various types of conflicts that might arise on their projects.| True
# When using the confrontation mode, project managers directly face a conflict using a problem-solving approach that allows affected parties to work through their disagreements.| True
# Project managers must realize that all conflict is bad.| False
# Emotional conflict, which stems from personality clashes and misunderstandings, often depresses team performance.| True
# It is common to find someone with a natural ability for both communication and technical skills.| False
# Not understanding how to communicate effectively with other cultures and people of diverse backgrounds hurts projects and businesses.| True
# It is not good practice to include time for informal meetings with customers to help develop relationships and provide staff to assist in relationship management.| False
# Do not have a meeting if there is a better way of achieving the objective at hand.| True
# E-mail is always an appropriate medium for all types of communications.| False
# Project team members rarely need to see all project documentation.| False
# Many experts agree that the greatest threat to the success of any project, especially information technology projects, is a failure to ____________________.| communicate
# The outputs of the _________________________ process are performance reports, organizational process assets updates, and change requests.| reporting performance
# _________________________ involves managing communications to satisfy the needs and expectations of project stakeholders and to resolve issues.| Managing stakeholder expectations
# A(n) ______________________________ is a document that guides project communications.| communications management plan
# The ______________________________ analysis includes information such as the contact person for the information, when the information is due, and the preferred format for the information.| stakeholder communications
# ____________________ can facilitate the process of distributing information, when used properly.| Technology
# Many experts believe that the difference between good project managers and excellent project managers is their ability to nurture relationships and use empathic ____________________ skills.| listening
# It is important to put information in context, especially if it is ____________________ news.| bad
# Project managers should try to ____________________ the size of teams or sub teams to avoid making communications too complex.| limit
# Many information technology professionals work on ____________________ projects where they never meet their project sponsors, other team members, or other project stakeholders.| virtual
# Many studies define project success as meeting project scope, time, and ____________________ goals.| cost
# The ______________________________ includes a list of measures of success as well as priorities, expectations, and guidelines related to each measure.| expectations management matrix
# The ____________________ statement clearly defines mandatory requirements and optional requirements.| scope
# Understanding the stakeholders’ ____________________ can help in managing issues.| expectations
# _________________________ keeps stakeholders informed about how resources are being used to achieve project objectives.| Performance reporting
# Team leaders often create consolidated ____________________ based on the information received from team members.| progress reports
# An important technique for performance reporting is the ____________________ review meeting.| status
# When the stakes are high, ____________________ is never far away.| conflict
# The ____________________ approach is the least desirable conflict-handling mode.| withdrawal
# Project team members may become stagnant or develop ____________________—conformance to the values or ethical standards of a group—if there are no conflicting viewpoints on various aspects of a project.| groupthink
# Communication skills training usually includes ____________________ activities in which participants learn concepts such as building rapport.| role-playing - role playing
# All meetings should have a(n) ____________________ and intended outcome.| purpose
# Some professionals refuse to attend meetings if they do not have a(n) ____________________ ahead of time.| agenda
# ____________________ e-mail that you do not need to save or respond to.| Delete
# A(n) _________________________ is a reflective statement documenting important things they have learned from working on the project.| lessons-learned report
# Risk management is a frequently overlooked aspect of project management.| True
# Good project risk management never goes unnoticed.| False
# Before you can improve project risk management, you must understand what risk is.| True
# Negative risk management is like investing in opportunities.| False
# The cost for risk management should not exceed the potential benefits.| True
# By reviewing the project scope statement, cost, schedule, and communications management plans, enterprise environmental factors, and organizational process assets, project teams can discuss and analyze risk management activities for their particular projects.| True
# The last step in project risk management is deciding how to address this knowledge area for a particular project by performing risk management planning.| False
# The level of detail included in the risk management plan rarely varies across projects.| False
# Few organizations develop their own risk questionnaires.| False
# You can break down the technology risk category into hardware, software, and network technology.| True
# Potential risks can only be identified early in a project.| False
# The psychology literature shows that individuals, working alone, produce fewer ideas than the same individuals produce through brainstorming in small, face-to-face groups.| False
# The Delphi technique is a systematic, interactive forecasting procedure based on independent and anonymous input regarding future events.| True
# It is uncommon for people to identify problems or opportunities without really understanding them.| False
# SWOT analysis can be used during risk identification by having project teams focus on the broad perspectives of potential risks for particular projects.| True
# Risk events refer to specific, certain events that may occur to the detriment or enhancement of the project.| False
# A potential response to the risk event of a defective server might be the inclusion of a clause in a contract with the supplier to replace a defective server within a certain time period at a negotiated cost.| True
# A probability/impact matrix or chart lists the relative probability of a risk occurring on one side of a matrix or axis on a chart and the relative impact of the risk occurring on the other.| True
# Negative and positive risks should always be included in the same probability/impact matrix or chart.| False
# A simple approach to using probability/impact information is to calculate risk factors.| False
# The Microsoft Solution Framework (MSF) includes a risk management model that includes developing and monitoring a top-ten master list of risks.| True
# A risk management review accomplishes one objective, it keeps management and the customer aware of the major influences that could prevent or enhance the project’s success.| False
# The main output of qualitative risk analysis is a decision tree.| False
# Quantitative risk analysis and qualitative risk analysis must be done together.| False
# The lower the EMV, the better.| False
# The Monte Carlo analysis can predict the probability of finishing by a certain date or the probability that the cost will be equal to or less than a certain value.| True
# Several PC-based software packages are available that perform Monte Carlo simulations.| True
# Increasing the project manager’s authority is a strategy for mitigating technical and cost risks.| True
# Selecting the most experienced project manager is recommended for reducing schedule risks.| True
# Project risk management does not stop with the initial risk analysis.| True
# Risk management can have a(n) ____________________ impact on selecting projects, determining the scope of projects, and developing realistic schedules and cost estimates.| positive
# A project ____________________ is an uncertainty that can have a negative or positive effect on meeting project objectives.| risk
# Given that all projects involve _____________________ that can have negative or positive outcomes, the question is how to decide which projects to pursue and how to identify and manage project risk throughout a project’s life cycle.| uncertainties - uncertainty
# The idea of striving to balance risks and opportunities suggests that different organizations and people have different ____________________ for risk.| tolerances - tolerance
# ____________________ is the amount of satisfaction or pleasure received from a potential payoff.| Risk utility - Risk tolerance
# The main output of the ____________________ process is the start of a risk register.| identifying risks
# A(n) ____________________ documents the procedures for managing risk throughout the project.| risk management plan
# _________________________ are provisions held by the project sponsor or organization to reduce the risk of cost or schedule overruns to an acceptable level.| Contingency reserves - Contingency allowances
# A(n) _________________________ is a hierarchy of potential risk categories for a project.| risk breakdown structure
# Inadequate planning, poor resource allocation, poor integration management, and lack of post-project review are risk conditions associated with the ____________________ project management knowledge area.| integration
# ____________________ is a technique by which a group attempts to generate ideas or find a solution for a specific problem by amassing ideas spontaneously and without judgment.| Brainstorming
# The basic concept of the ____________________ is to derive a consensus among a panel of experts who make predictions about future developments.| Delphi technique
# ____________________ based on risks that have been encountered in previous projects provide a meaningful template for understanding risks in a current project.| Checklists
# System or process ____________________ are diagrams that show how different parts of a system interrelate.| flowcharts
# A(n) ____________________ is a document that contains results of various risk management processes.| risk register
# ____________________ are indicators or symptoms of actual risk events.| Triggers
# The ____________________ is the person who will own or take responsibility for the risk.| risk owner
# ____________________ are numbers that represent the overall risk of specific events, based on their probability of occurring and the consequences to the project if they do occur.| Risk factors
# A(n) ____________________ is a list of risks that are low priority, but are still identified as potential risks.| watch list
# ______________________________ is the product of a risk event probability and the risk event’s monetary value.| EMV - Expected monetary value - Expected monetary value (EMV)
# Many professionals use ____________________ to help make several common business decisions, such as determining break-even points based on different assumptions.| sensitivity analysis
# Risk ____________________ involves accepting the consequences should a risk occur.| acceptance
# Examples of risk ____________________ include using proven technology, having competent project personnel, using various analysis and validation techniques, and buying maintenance or service agreements from subcontractors.| mitigation
# ____________________ risks are risks that remain after all of the response strategies have been implemented.| Residual
# Project teams sometimes use ____________________—unplanned responses to risk events—when they do not have contingency plans in place.| workarounds
# Many private companies use the term procurement instead of purchasing.| False
# The cost savings and use of offshore resources lower inflation, increase productivity, and lower interest rates.| True
# Most people view offshore outsourcing as being good.| False
# Many companies are realizing that they can use offshore outsourcing and create more jobs at home.| True
# Few organizations use some form of outsourcing to meet their information technology needs.| False
# According to a 2008 report on IT outsourceing trends in the U.S. and Canada, application development is the least popular form of IT outsourcing and was used by only 25 percent of organizations surveyed.| False
# When an organization outsources work, it often does not have as much control over those aspects of projects that suppliers carry out.| True
# The success of many information technology projects that use outside resources is often due to good project cost management.| False
# If there is no need to buy any products or services from outside the organization, then there is no need to perform any of the other procurement management processes.| True
# It is always less effective to hire skilled consultants to perform specific tasks for a short period of time than to hire or keep employees on staff full time.| False
# Make-or-buy analysis involves estimating the internal costs of providing a product or service and comparing that estimate to the cost of outsourcing.| True
# Experts outside the company, including potential suppliers themselves, cannot provide expert judgment.| False
# The buyer absorbs less of the risk with cost-reimbursable contracts than they do with fixed-price contracts.| False
# The total value of the contract is a function of the quantities needed to complete the work.| True
# Any type of contract should include specific clauses that take into account issues unique to the project.| True
# Some termination clauses state that the buyer can terminate a contract for any reason and give the supplier only 24 hours’ notice.| True
# Contents of the procurement management plan will vary with project needs.| True
# Lead times for purchases and acquisitions should not be included in a procurement management plan.| False
# It is important to use appropriate words in a contract SOW such as may instead of must.| False
# A contract SOW should not specify the location of the work.| False
# The main sections of an RFP never include the statement of work and schedule information.| False
# A key factor in evaluating bids, particularly for projects involving information technology, is the past performance record of the bidder.| True
# Experts in source selection recommend that technical criteria should be given more weight than management or cost criteria.| False
# It is customary to have contract negotiations during the source selection process.| True
# The term “e-procurement” often describes various procurement functions that are now done electronically.| True
# ____________________ means acquiring goods and/or services from an outside source.| Procurement
# The term ____________________ is widely used in government.| procurement
# A well-written ____________________—a mutually binding agreement that obligates the seller to provide the specified products or services and obligates the buyer to pay for them—can clarify responsibilities and sharpen focus on key deliverables of a project.| contract
# ______________________________ includes the processes required to acquire goods and services for a project from outside the performing organization.| Project procurement management
# ____________________ involves completion and settlement of each contract, including resolution of any open items.| Closing procurements
# A(n) ____________________ decision is one in which an organization decides if it is in its best interests to make certain products or perform certain services inside the organization, or if it is better to buy them from an outside organization.| make-or-buy
# A(n) _________________________ contract has the least amount of risk for the buyer.| firm-fixed price (FFP) - firm-fixed price - FFP
# ______________________________ contracts are a hybrid of both fixed-price and cost-reimbursable contracts.| Time and material (T&M) - Time and material - T&M
# ____________________ can be used in various types of contracts to require the buyer to pay the supplier a predetermined amount per unit of product or service.| Unit pricing
# A(n) ____________________ is a contract clause that allows the buyer or supplier to end the contract.| termination clause
# If a SOW is used as part of a contract to describe only the work required for that particular contract, it is called a(n) ____________________ statement of work.| contract
# Many organizations use samples and ____________________ to generate SOWs.| templates
# A(n) ____________________ is a document prepared by a seller when there are different approaches for meeting buyer needs.| proposal
# A(n) ____________________ is a document prepared by sellers providing pricing for standard items that have been clearly defined by the buyer.| bid - tender - quote - quotation
# A(n) ____________________ conference is a meeting with prospective sellers prior to preparation of their proposals or bids.| bidders’ - bidders - supplier - pre-bid
# Selecting suppliers or sellers, often called ____________________ selection, involves evaluating proposals or bids from sellers, choosing the best one, negotiating the contract, and awarding the contract.| source
# Experts in source selection highly recommend that buyers use formal proposal ____________________ sheets during source selection.| evaluation
# Tools to assist in contract closure include ____________________ , negotiated settlements, and a records management system.| procurement audits
# ____________________ are often done during contract closure to identify lessons learned in the entire procurement process.| Procurement audits
# A(n) ____________________ system provides the ability to easily organize, find, and archive procurement-related documents.| records management
# A research report showed that the U.S. spends ____ on projects every year.| $2.3 trillion
# Projects involve ____ project management process groups. | five
# William Ibbs and Young H. Kwak’s study revealed that the ____ industry had the lowest level of project management maturity in the area of risk management.| C information systems
# William Ibbs and Young H. Kwak’s study revealed that the ____ industry had the lowest level of project management maturity in the area of quality management.| C information systems
# KLCI Research Group’s 2001 survey revealed that ____ percent of the participants said they had procedures in place to identify and assess risk.| C 97
# KLCI Research Group’s 2001 survey revealed that ____ percent identified anticipating and avoiding problems as the primary benefit of risk management.| B80
# KLCI Research Group’s 2001 survey revealed that ____ percent of the organizations surveyed had a Project Management Office.| A 64
# KLCI Research Group’s 2001 survey revealed that the most frequently cited benefit from software risk management practices is to ____. | D anticipate/avoid problems
# Those who are ____ have a higher tolerance for risk, and their satisfaction increases when more payoff is at stake. | A risk-seeking
# There are ____ major processes involved in risk management.| D six	
# ____ involves determining which risks are likely to affect a project and documenting the characteristics of each. | A Identifying risks
# ____ involves numerically estimating the effects of risks on project objectives.| D Performing quantitative risk analysis
# ____ involves taking steps to enhance opportunities and reduce threats to meeting project objectives.| B Planning risk responses
# ____ are predefined actions that the project team will take if an identified risk event occurs.| C Contingency plans
# ____ are developed for risks that have a high impact on meeting project objectives, and are put into effect if attempts to reduce the risk are not effective.| A Fallback plans
# According to the Standish Group’s success potential scoring sheet, ____ has the highest relative importance.| D user involvement
# “If the information technology project is to produce a new product or service, will it be useful to the organization or marketable to others?” applies to which risk category? | D Market risk
# “Will the project meet NPV, ROI, and payback estimates?” applies to which risk category?| A Financial risk
# “Is there a project champion?” applies to which risk category?| D People risk
# In a risk breakdown structure, competitors, suppliers, and cash flow are categories that fall under ____ risk.| A business
# Poor conflict management, poor project organization and definition of responsibilities, and absence of leadership are risk conditions associated with the ____ project management knowledge area.| D Human Resources
# Unenforceable conditions or contract clauses, and adversarial relations are risk conditions associated with the ____ project management knowledge area.| C Procurement
# ____ is a fact-finding technique for collecting information in face-to-face, phone, e-mail, or instant-messaging discussions.| D Interviewing
# A(n) ____ represents decision problems by displaying essential elements, including decisions, uncertainties, causality, and objectives, and how they influence each other.| B influence diagram
# A project manager can chart the probability and impact of risks on a ____.| C probability/impact matrix
# ____ are/is a qualitative risk analysis tool, and in addition to identifying risks, it maintains an awareness of risks throughout the life of a project.| D Top Ten Risk Item Tracking
# A(n) ____ is a diagramming analysis technique used to help select the best course of action in situations in which future outcomes are uncertain.| A decision tree
# ____ analysis simulates a model’s outcome many times to provide a statistical distribution of the calculated results.| C Monte Carlo
# What is the first step in a Monte Carlo analysis? | C Assess the range for the variables being considered.
# ____ involves eliminating a specific threat, usually by eliminating its causes. | A Risk avoidance
# ____ involves shifting the consequence of a risk and responsibility for its management to a third party.| C Risk transference
# ____ involves reducing the impact of a risk event by reducing the probability of its occurrence. | D Risk mitigation
# ____ involves doing whatever you can to make sure the positive risk happens.| A Risk exploitation
# ____ involves allocating ownership of the risk to another party.| B Risk sharing
# ____ involves changing the size of the opportunity by identifying and maximizing key drivers of the positive risk. | C Risk enhancement
# ____ applies to positive risks when the project team cannot or chooses not to take any actions toward a risk.| B Risk acceptance
# ____ risks are a direct result of implementing a risk response. | D Secondary
# An October 2005 Information Technology Association of America (ITAA)–sponsored report stated that spending for global sources of computer software and services is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of about ____ percent.| B 20
# An October 2005 Information Technology Association of America (ITAA)–sponsored report stated that total savings from offshore resources during the 2005-2010 period are estimated to grow from $8.7 billion to ____. | B $20.4 billion
# “Outsourcing suppliers are often able to use economies of scale that may not be available to the client alone, especially for hardware and software.” refers to the ____ benefit of outsourcing. | A Reduce both fixed and recurrent costs
# “Most organizations are not in business to provide information technology services, yet many have spent valuable time and resources on information technology functions when they should have focused on core competencies such as marketing, customer service, and new product design.” refers to the ____ benefit of outsourcing. | D Allow the client organization to focus on its core business
# “Organizations can gain access to specific skills and technologies when they are required by using outside resources.” refers to the ____ benefit of outsourcing. | C Access skills and technologies
# “Outsourcing to provide extra staff during periods of peak workloads can be much more economical than trying to staff entire projects with internal resources.” refers to the ____ benefit. | B Provide flexibility
# There are ____ main processes of project procurement management. B four
# ____ involves determining what to procure, when, and how.
# ____ involves obtaining seller responses, selecting sellers, and awarding contracts.| A Conducting procurements
# Outputs to the ____ process include selected sellers, procurement contract awards, resource calendars, change requests, and updates to the project management plan and other project documents. | B Conducting procurement
# For many projects, properly ____ some information technology functions can be a great investment. | A outsourcing
# ____ involve payment to the supplier for direct and indirect actual costs. | C Cost-reimbursable contracts
# With a(n) ____ contract, the buyer pays the supplier for allowable performance costs along with a predetermined fee and an incentive bonus. | B CPIF
# With a(n) ____ contract, the buyer pays the supplier for allowable performance costs plus a fixed fee payment usually based on a percentage of estimated costs. | A CPFF
# With a(n) ____ contract, the buyer pays the supplier for allowable performance costs along with a predetermined percentage based on total costs.|  CPPC
# From the supplier’s perspective, there is the least risk with a(n) ____ contract.| C CPPC
# The ____ is a description of the work required for the procurement.| D SOW
# Many organizations use ____ and templates to generate SOWs. | D samples
# A(n) ____ is a document used to solicit proposals from prospective suppliers. | B RFP
# A(n) ____ is a document used to solicit quotes or bids from prospective suppliers. | A RFQ

# 	 analysis is a method of calculating the expected net monetary gain or loss from a project by discounting all expected future cash inflows and outflows to the present point in time | Net present value
# 	 are a complete set of organized project records that provide an accurate history of the project | Project archives
# 	 are a good way to highlight information provided in important project documents, empower people to be accountable for their work, and have face-to-face discussions about important project issue | Status review meetings
# 	 are costs that are not directly related to the products or services of the project, but are 
indirectly related to performing the project | Indirect costs
# 	 are new requirements imposed by management, government, or some external influence | Directive
# 	 are often more effective particularly for sensitive information | Short face-to-face meetings
# 	 are those costs that an organization can easily measure in dollars | Tangible
# 	 dependencies are inherent in the nature of the work being performed on a project. | Mandatory
# 	 dependencies are sometimes referred to as soft logic and should be used with care since they may limit later scheduling options. | Discretionary
# 	 dependencies involve relationships between project and non-project activities | Externa
# 	 emphasizes things such as job rotation, broadening of skills, generalization versus specialization, and the need for continuous training of workers | Theory Z
# 	 generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization | Benchmarking
# 	 helps integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes | CMMI
# 	 include defining and authorizing a project or project phase | Initiating processes
# 	 include devising and maintaining a workable scheme to ensure that the project addresses the organization’s needs | Planning processes
# 	 includes identifying which quality standards are relevant to the project and how to satisfy those standards | Planning quality
# 	 involves building individual and group skills to enhance project performance | Developing the project team
# 	 involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection | Statistical sampling
# 	 involves controlling and managing changes to the project schedule | Controlling the schedule
# 	 involves controlling changes to project scope throughout the life of the project, which is a challenge on many information technology projects | Controlling scope
# 	 involves coordinating all planning efforts to create a consistent, coherent document | Developing the project management plan
# 	 involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products produced during the project as well as the processes used for creating them | Collecting requirements
# 	 involves estimating the number of work periods that are needed to complete individual activities. | Estimating activity 
# 	 involves evaluating the reasons for dependencies and the different types of dependencies | Sequencing activities
# 	 involves formal acceptance of the completed project scope by the stakeholders | Scope verification
# 	 involves getting the needed personnel assigned to and working on the project | Acquiring the project 
# 	 involves identifying and documenting the relationships between project activities | Sequencing activities
# 	 involves periodically evaluating overall project performance to ensure that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards | Performing quality assurance
# 	 involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved | Defining scope
# 	 involves tracking team member performance, motivating team members, providing timely feedback, resolving issues and conflicts, and coordinating changes to help enhance project performance. | Managing the project team
# 	 is a comprehensive and flexible system for achieving, sustaining and maximizing business success. | Six Sigma
# 	 is a method for determining the estimated annual costs and benefits for a project and the resulting annual cash flow | Cash flow analysis
# 	 is a method of scheduling that considers limited resources when creating a project schedule and includes buffers to protect the project completion date | Critical chain 
# 	 is a monitoring and controlling | Integrated change 
# 	 is a network diagramming technique used to predict total project duration | Critical path analysis
# 	 is a planning process falling under the Project Scope Management knowledge area | Create WBS
# 	 is a problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of the system, dividing it into its components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs. | Systems analysis
# 	 is a process for identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them | Use case modeling
# 	 is a project performance measurement technique that integrates scope, time, and cost data | Earned value management
# 	 is a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization | Organizational culture
# 	 is a technique for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost | Crashing
# 	 is action taken to bring rejected items into compliance with product requirements or specifications or other stakeholder expectations | Rework
# 	 is an independent test performed by end users prior to accepting the delivered system | User acceptance 
# 	 is an iterative software development process that focuses on team productivity and delivers software best practices to all team members | RUP 
# 	 is best known for developing a hierarchy of needs. | Abraham Maslow
# 	 is best known for developing Theory X and Theory Y | Douglas McGregor
# 	 is crucial in information technology projects because once a project team implements a new system, it takes a considerable amount of effort to change the system | Planning
# 	 is matching certain behaviors of the other person | Mirrorin
# 	 is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date of any immediately following activities | Free slack
# 	 is the earned value minus the actual cost | CV
# 	 means the project’s processes and products meet written specifications | Conformance to requirements
# 	 provide(s) a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a calendar format | Gantt charts
# 	 refers to the amount of individual resources an existing schedule requires during specific time periods | Resource loading
# 	 refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment. | Open-systems focus
# 	 results in supporting detail to document important product information as well as assumptions and constraints related to specific activities | Defining activities
# 	 should result in improvements in project performance | Corrective actions
# 	 support contributes the most to successful information technology projects | Executiv
# 	 the project involves taking the actions necessary to ensure that activities in the project plan are completed. | Executing
# 	 tools track the execution of business process flows and expose how the state of supporting IT | BSM 
# 	 use the actual cost of a previous, similar project as the basis for estimating the cost of the current project | Analogous estimates
# 	 use(s) probabilistic time estimates—duration estimates based on using optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic estimates of activity durations—instead of one specific or discrete duration estimate | PERT
# 	 wrote Quality Is Free in 1979 and is best known for suggesting that organizations strive for zero defects | Crosby
# 		 correct(s) or prevent(s) further quality problems based on quality control measurements | Process adjustments
# 		 is a cost that relates to all errors not detected and not corrected before delivery to the customer. | External failure cost
# 	, a quality system standard developed by the ISO, is a three-part, continuous cycle of planning, controlling, and documenting quality in an organization | ISO 9000
# 	determine(s) if the products or services produced as part of the project will be accepted or rejected. | Acceptance
# "Organizations can gain access to specific skills and technologies when they are required by using outside resources." refers to the ____ benefit of outsourcing. | Access skills and technologies
# . 	 describes a holistic view of carrying out projects within the context of the organization | Systems thinking
# . 	 involves working with stakeholders to create the document that formally authorizes a project | Developing the project charter
# . 	 is a planning process falling under the Project Integration Management knowledge area | Develop project management plan
# . 	 tools, sometimes referred to as enterprise project management software, provide robust capabilities to handle very large projects | High-end
# . 	 was an early project management software product that helped managers analyze complex schedules for designing aircraft | Artemis
# . 	, with assistance from financial experts in their organizations, should create estimates of the costs and benefits of the project for its entire life cycle. | Project managers
# . According to the guidelines provided by Practical Communications, Inc., a(n) 	 is the only inappropriate method for expressing support/appreciation. | Web site
# . Examples of 	include acquiring and developing the project team, performing quality assurance, distributing information, managing stakeholder expectations, and conducting procurements | executing processes
# . In the 	 information technology planning stage, the analysis outlines business processes that are central to achieving strategic goals and helps determine which ones could most benefit from information technology | Business Area Analysis
# . Many companies have realized that information technology is integral to their business and have created a vice president or equivalent-level position for the head of information technology, often called the | CIO
# . People with a high need for 	 seek to excel and tend to avoid both low-risk and high-risk situations to improve their chances for achieving something worthwhile | achievemen
# . Project managers often illustrate progress with a 		showing key deliverables and activities | Tracking Gantt chart
# . Project managers often use the 	 approach for projects that represent entirely new systems or approaches to doing a job, or to help create buy-in and synergy with a project team | bottom-up
# . The 	focuses on different groups’ roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management. | structural frame
# __ addresses the authority and control for key IT activities in organizations, including IT infrastructure, IT use, and project management | IT govemance
# __ ensures that the descriptions of the project's products are correct and complete | configuration management 
# __ tools are often recommended for small projects and single users. | Low-end
# ___ are the people involved in or affected by project activities and include the project sponsor, project team, support staff, customers, users, suppliers, and even opponents of the project | Stakeholders
# ___ is a framework for describing the phases involved in developing and maintaining information systems | the systems development life cycle 
# ___ processes include coordinating people and other resources to carry out the project plans and produc the products, services, or results of the project or phase | excuting
# ____ analysis is a method of calculating the expected net monetary gain or loss from a project by discounting all expected future cash inflows and outflows to the present point in time. | Net present value
# ____ analysis simulates a model’s outcome many times to provide a statistical distribution of the calculated results.| C Monte Carlo
# ____ applies to positive risks when the project team cannot or chooses not to take any actions toward a risk.| B Risk acceptance
# ____ are developed for risks that have a high impact on meeting project objectives, and are put into effect if attempts to reduce the risk are not effective.| A Fallback plans
# ____ are predefined actions that the project team will take if an identified risk event occurs.| C Contingency plans
# ____ are those costs that an organization can easily measure in dollars. | Tangible costs
# ____ are/is a qualitative risk analysis tool, and in addition to identifying risks, it maintains an awareness of risks throughout the life of a project.| D Top Ten Risk Item Tracking
# ____ change orders are oral or written acts or omissions by someone with actual or apparent authority that can be construed to have the same effect as a written change order. | B Constructive
# ____ contracts involve a fixed total price for a well-defined product or service. | Lump sum
# ____ helps you develop an accurate projection of a project's financial costs and benefits. | Life cycle costing
# ____ involve payment to the supplier for direct and indirect actual costs. | C Cost-reimbursable contracts
# ____ involves allocating ownership of the risk to another party.| B Risk sharing
# ____ involves analyzing activity sequences, activity resource estimates, and activity duration estimates to create the project schedule. | Developing the schedule
# ____ involves building individual and group skills to enhance project performance. | Developing the project team
# ____ involves changing the size of the opportunity by identifying and maximizing key drivers of the positive risk. | C Risk enhancement
# ____ involves collecting and disseminating performance information, including status reports, progress measurement, and forecasting. | Reporting performance
# ____ involves deciding how to approach and plan the risk management activities for the project. | Planning risk management
# ____ involves determining what to procure, when, and how.
# ____ involves determining what to procure, when, and how. | Planning procurements
# ____ involves determining which risks are likely to affect a project and documenting the characteristics of each. | A Identifying risks
# ____ involves developing an approximation or estimate of the costs of the resources needed to complete a project. | Estimating costs
# ____ involves doing whatever you can to make sure the positive risk happens.| A Risk exploitation
# ____ involves eliminating a specific threat, usually by eliminating its causes. | A Risk avoidance
# ____ involves getting the needed personnel assigned to and working on the project. | Acquiring the project team
# ____ involves managing relationships with sellers, monitoring contract performance, and making changes as needed. | Administering procurements
# ____ involves monitoring identified and residual risks, identifying new risks, carrying out risk response plans, and evaluating the effectiveness of risk strategies throughout the life of the project. | Monitoring and controlling risk
# ____ involves monitoring specific project results to ensure that they comply with the relevant quality standards while identifying ways to improve overall quality. | Performing quality control
# ____ involves numerically estimating the effects of risks on project objectives.| D Performing quantitative risk analysis
# ____ involves obtaining seller responses, selecting sellers, and awarding contracts.| A Conducting procurements
# ____ involves reducing the impact of a risk event by reducing the probability of its occurrence. | D Risk mitigation
# ____ involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved. | Defining scope
# ____ involves shifting the consequence of a risk and responsibility for its management to a third party.| C Risk transference
# ____ involves taking steps to enhance opportunities and reduce threats to meeting project objectives.| B Planning risk responses
# ____ involves tracking team member performance, motivating team members, providing timely feedback, resolving issues and conflicts, and coordinating changes to help enhance project performance. | Managing the project team
# ____ is a fact-finding technique for collecting information in face-to-face, phone, e-mail, or instant-messaging discussions.| D Interviewing
# ____ is a monitoring and controlling process. | Integrated change control
# ____ is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements. | Project management
# ____ is the degree to which a system performs its intended function. | Functionality
# ____ project management software integrates information from multiple projects to show the status of active, approved, and future projects across an entire organization. | Enterprise
# ____ refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment. | Open-systems focus
# ____ risks are a direct result of implementing a risk response. | D Secondary
# _____ causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment | Intrinsic
# _____ focuses on producing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of the people.|The human resources frame
# _____ focuses on producing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of the people | The human resources frame
# _____ is getting people to do things based on a position of authority. | Legitimate power
# _____ is getting people to do things based on a position of authority. | Legitimate power
# _____ is getting people to do things based on a position of authority. | Legitimate power
# _____ isgetting people to do things based on a position of authority. | Legitimate power
# ______ involves measuring progress toward project objectives and taking corrective actions | Monitoring and controlling
# ______ is a network diagramming technique used to predict total project duration. | A. PERT
# ______ is a network diagramming technique used to predict total project duration. | A. PERT
# ______ processes include coordinating people and other resources to carry out the project plans and produce the products, services, or results of the project or phase | executing
# _______ ensures that the descriptions of the project’s products are correct and complete. | configuration management
# _______ is a quantitative risk analysis tool that uses a model of a system to analyze the expected behavior or performance of the system. | A. Simulation
# _______ is a quantitative risk analysis tool that uses a model of a system to analyze the expected behavior or performance of the system. | A. Simulation
# ________ is a document that describes when and how people will be added to and taken off a project team. | Staffing management plan
# ________ is a document that describes when and how people will be added to and taken off a project team. | Staffing management plan
# ________ is a resource sacrificed or foregone to achieve a specific objective or something given up in exchange? | D. Cost
# ________ is a resource sacrificed or foregone to achieve a specific objective or something given up in exchange? | D. Cost
# ________ power is based on a person's individual charisma. | Referent
# ________ power is based on a person's individual charisma. | Referent
# ________ power is based on a person's individual charisma. | Referent
# ________ reserves allow for future situations that are unpredictable. | C. Management
# _________ ensures that the descriptions of the project's products are correct and complete.|Configuration management
# _________ ensures that the descriptions of the project's products are correct and complete. | Configuration management
# _________ ensures that the descriptions of the project's products are correct and complete. | Configuration management
# _________ ensures that the descriptions of the project's products are correct and complete. | Configuration management
# _________ ensures that the descriptions of the project's products are correct and complete. | Configuration management
# _________ generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization. | D. Benchmarking
# _________ generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization. | D. Benchmarking
# _________ involves allocating the project cost estimate to individual work items over time. | C. Project cost budgeting
# _________ involves allocating the project cost estimate to individual work items over time. | C. Project cost budgeting
# _________ is a project performance measurement technique that integrates scope, time, and cost data. | D. Earned value analysis
# _________ is a technique for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost. | Crashing
# _________ is a technique for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost. | Crashing
# _________ is known for his work on quality control in Japan and developed the 14 Points for Management in his text Out of the Crisis. | B. Deming
# _________ is the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements, | Quality
# _________ is the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements, | Quality
# _________ is the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements, | A. Quality
# __________ are indicators or symptoms of actual risk events, such as a cost overrun on early activities being a symptom of poor cost estimates. | D. Triggers
# __________ are indicators or symptoms of actual risk events, such as a cost overrun on early activities being a symptom of poor cost estimates. | D. Triggers
# __________ is an uncertainty that can have a negative or positive effect on meeting project objectives. | D. Risk
# __________ is an uncertainty that can have a negative or positive effect on meeting project objectives. | D. Risk
# ___________ is a method of scheduling that considers limited resources when creating a project schedule and includes buffers to protect the project completion date. | D. Critical chain scheduling
# ___________ is a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, or hardware, produced or provided as part of a project. | Deliverable
# ___________ is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result | C. Project
# ___________ is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result | Project
# ___________ is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements | Project management
# _____________ power is based on a person’s individual charisma. | B. Referent
# _____________ power is based on a person’s individual charisma. | B. Referent
# ______________ causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment. | A. Intrinsic rnotivation
# ________________ is a term used to describe various procurement functions that are now done electronically | E-procurement
# ________________ is a term used to describe various procurement functions that are now done electronically | A. E-procurement
# ________________ is a term used to describe various procurement functions that are now done electronically | E-procurement
# ________________ refer(s) to all the project work involved in creating the products of the project and processes used to create them. | Scope
# ________________ refer(s) to all the project work involved in creating the products of the project and processes used to create them. | Scope
# ____________________ addresses the business, technological, and organizational issues associated with creating, maintaining, and making a change to a system.| Systems management
# ____________________ allows you to see a big-picture view of the cost of a project throughout its life cycle.| Life cycle costing
# ____________________ and controlling is the process of measuring progress toward project objectives, monitoring deviation from the plan, and taking corrective action to match progress with the plan.| Monitoring
# ____________________ and SPI less than one or less than 100 percent indicate problems.| CPI - Cost performance index - Cost performance index (CPI)
# ____________________ are chances to improve the organization.| Opportunities
# ____________________ are groups of non-supervisors and work leaders in a single company department who volunteer to conduct group studies on how to improve the effectiveness of work in their department.| Quality circles
# ____________________ are indicators or symptoms of actual risk events.| Triggers
# ____________________ are numbers that represent the overall risk of specific events, based on their probability of occurring and the consequences to the project if they do occur.| Risk factors
# ____________________ are often done during contract closure to identify lessons learned in the entire procurement process.| Procurement audits
# ____________________ are people involved in or affected by project activities and include the project sponsor, project team, support staff, customers, users, suppliers, and even opponents to the project.| Stakeholders
# ____________________ are responsible for managing the subprojects into which a large project might be divided.| Subproject managers
# ____________________ are revenues minus expenditures.| Profits
# ____________________ are sets of interacting components working within an environment to fulfill some purpose.| Systems
# ____________________ are the screens and reports the system generates.| System outputs
# ____________________ are undesirable situations that prevent an organization from achieving its goals.| Problems
# ____________________ based on risks that have been encountered in previous projects provide a meaningful template for understanding risks in a current project.| Checklists
# ____________________ can be used for developing WBSs using the top-down or bottom-up approach.| Mind mapping
# ____________________ can be used in various types of contracts to require the buyer to pay the supplier a predetermined amount per unit of product or service.| Unit pricing
# ____________________ can facilitate the process of distributing information, when used properly.| Technology
# ____________________ causes people to do something for a reward or to avoid a penalty.| Extrinsic motivation
# ____________________ considers the total cost of ownership, or development plus support costs, for a project.| Life cycle costing
# ____________________ cost is money that has been spent in the past.| Sunk
# ____________________ costs are often much higher for contractors.| Labor
# ____________________ costs or benefits are costs or benefits that are difficult to measure in monetary terms.| Intangible
# ____________________ design methods focus on eliminating defects by substituting scientific inquiry for trial-and-error methods.| Robust
# ____________________ diagrams trace complaints about quality problems back to the responsible production operations.| Cause-and-effect - Fishbone - Ishikawa
# ____________________ e-mail that you do not need to save or respond to.| Delete
# ____________________ has many cost management features to help you enter budgeted costs, set a baseline, enter actuals, calculate variances, and run various cost reports.| Project 2007 - Microsoft Project - Microsoft Project 2007
# ____________________ have no duration and no resources but are occasionally needed on AOA network diagrams to show logical relationships between activities.| Dummy activities
# ____________________ include formal and informal plans, policies, procedures, guidelines, information systems, financial systems, management systems, lessons learned, and historical information that can be used to influence a project’s success.| Organizational process assets
# ____________________ include people, hardware, software, or other assets.| Resources
# ____________________ involves completion and settlement of each contract, including resolution of any open items.| Closing procurements
# ____________________ involves controlling changes to the project scope.| Scope control
# ____________________ involves coordinating all of the other project management knowledge areas throughout a project’s life cycle.| Project integration management
# ____________________ involves estimating how many people, equipment, and materials a project team should use to perform project activities| Estimating activity resources
# ____________________ involves identifying and managing the points of interaction between various elements of the project.| Interface management
# ____________________ involves identifying, evaluating, and managing changes throughout the project life cycle.| Integrated change control
# ____________________ involves the processes required to ensure timely completion of a project.| Project time management
# ____________________ is “the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements.”| Project management
# ____________________ is a measure of quality control equal to 1 fault in 1 million opportunities.| Six 9s of quality
# ____________________ is a quality planning technique that helps identify which variables have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process.| Design of experiments
# ____________________ is a relation of harmony, conformity, accord, or affinity.| Rapport
# ____________________ is a technique by which a group attempts to generate ideas or find a solution for a specific problem by amassing ideas spontaneously and without judgment.| Brainstorming
# ____________________ is a technique that uses branches radiating out from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas.| Mind mapping
# ____________________ is getting people to do things based on a position of authority.| Legitimate power
# ____________________ is listening with the intent to understand.| Empathic listening
# ____________________ is often the most difficult and unappreciated process in project management.| Planning
# ____________________ is still the most widely used project management software today in the midrange tools category.| Microsoft Project
# ____________________ is the amount of satisfaction or pleasure received from a potential payoff.| Risk utility - Risk tolerance
# ____________________ is the concept that the whole is equal to more than the sum of its parts.| Synergy
# ____________________ is the difference between planned and actual performance.| Variance
# ____________________ is the number of workdays or work hours required to complete a task.| Effort
# ____________________ is the one variable in project scheduling that has the least amount of flexibility.| Time
# ____________________ is the potential ability to influence behavior to get people to do things they would not otherwise do.| Power
# ____________________ is the result of subtracting the project costs from the benefits and then dividing by the costs.| ROI - Return on investment - Return on investment (ROI)
# ____________________ is the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger.| Scope creep
# ____________________ means a product can be used as it was intended.| Fitness for use
# ____________________ means acquiring goods and/or services from an outside source.| Procurement
# ____________________ means more resources than are available are assigned to perform work at a given time.| Overallocation
# ____________________ measures how much variation exists in a distribution of data.| Standard deviation
# ____________________ occurs when a resource works on more than one task at a time.| Multitasking
# ____________________ often perform quality audits by helping to design specific quality metrics for a project and then applying and analyzing the metrics throughout the project.| Industrial engineers
# ____________________ often results in requested changes and validated defect repair, resulting from recommended defect repair or corrective or preventive actions.| Rework
# ____________________ progress from initiation activities to planning activities, executing activities, monitoring and controlling activities, and closing activities.| Project management process groups
# ____________________ project work includes collecting, measuring, and disseminating performance information.| Monitoring
# ____________________ refers to the process in which organizations group and manage projects and programs as a portfolio of investments that contribute to the entire enterprise’s success.| Project portfolio management - Portfolio management
# ____________________ risks are risks that remain after all of the response strategies have been implemented.| Residual
# ____________________ should receive frequent performance feedback, and although money is not an important motivator to them, it is an effective form of feedback.| Achievers
# ____________________ skills include effective communication, influencing the organization to get things done, leadership, motivation, negotiation, conflict management, and problem solving.| Soft
# ____________________ states that if something can go wrong, it will.| Murphy’s Law
# ____________________ states that when many items are produced repetitively, the unit cost of those items decreases in a regular pattern as more units are produced.| Learning curve theory
# ____________________ the project includes work required to introduce any new hardware, software, and procedures into normal operations.| Executing
# ____________________ tools are generally licensed on a per-user basis.| High-end
# ____________________ tools, a step up from low-end tools, are designed to handle larger projects, multiple users, and multiple projects.| Midrange
# ____________________ uses project characteristics in a mathematical model to estimate project costs.| Parametric modeling
# ____________________, loosely defined, is a set of principles that guide our decision making based on personal values of what is “right” and “wrong.”| Ethics
# _________________________ are provisions held by the project sponsor or organization to reduce the risk of cost or schedule overruns to an acceptable level.| Contingency reserves - Contingency allowances
# _________________________ involves managing communications to satisfy the needs and expectations of project stakeholders and to resolve issues.| Managing stakeholder expectations
# _________________________ keeps stakeholders informed about how resources are being used to achieve project objectives.| Performance reporting
# ______________________________ contracts are a hybrid of both fixed-price and cost-reimbursable contracts.| Time and material (T&M) - Time and material - T&M
# ______________________________ includes the processes required to acquire goods and services for a project from outside the performing organization.| Project procurement management
# ______________________________ is the product of a risk event probability and the risk event’s monetary value.| EMV - Expected monetary value - Expected monetary value (EMV)
# ____________involves using incentives to include people to do things. | Reward power
# ____________involves using incentives to include people to do things. | Reward power
# ____________is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project’s objectives and management. | A. project charter 
# ___________causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment. | Intrinsic motivation
# ___________causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment. | Intrinsic motivation
# ___________causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment. | Intrinsic motivation
# ___________causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment. | Intrinsic motivation
# ___________ensures that the description of the project's products are correct and complete | A. Configuration management
# __________is a project performance measurement technique that integrates scope, time, and cost data | Earned value analysis
# __________is a project performance measurement technique that integrates scope, time, and cost data | Earned value analysis
# ________refer(s) to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to created them | C. Scope
# _______processes include coordinating people and other resources to carry out the project plans and produce the products, services, or results of the project or phase|Executing
# _______processes include coordinating people and other resources to carry out the project plans and produce the products, services, or results of the project or phase | Monitoring and controlling
# _______processes include coordinating people and other resources to carry out the project plans and produce the products, services, or results of the project or phase | Executing
# _______processes include coordinating people and other resources to carry out the project plans and produce the products, services, or results of the project or phase | Monitoring and controlling
# ______help their organizations make wise investment decisions by helping to select and analyze projects from a strategic perspective|Portfolio managers
# ______help their organizations make wise investment decisions by helping to select and analyze projects from a strategic perspective | Portfolio managers
# “All project leaders use a shared road map, focusing on key business aspects of their projects while integrating goals across all parts of the organization” describes the 	 best practice for project delivery. | Develop a streamlined project delivery 
# “If the information technology project is to produce a new product or service, will it be useful to the organization or marketable to others?” applies to which risk category? | D Market risk
# “Is there a project champion?” applies to which risk category?| D People risk
# “Most organizations are not in business to provide information technology services, yet many have spent valuable time and resources on information technology functions when they should have focused on core competencies such as marketing, customer service, and new product design.” refers to the ____ benefit of outsourcing. | D Allow the client organization to focus on its core business
# “Organizations can gain access to specific skills and technologies when they are required by using outside resources.” refers to the ____ benefit of outsourcing. | C Access skills and technologies
# “Outsourcing suppliers are often able to use economies of scale that may not be available to the client alone, especially for hardware and software.” refers to the ____ benefit of outsourcing. | A Reduce both fixed and recurrent costs
# “Outsourcing to provide extra staff during periods of peak workloads can be much more economical than trying to staff entire projects with internal resources.” refers to the ____ benefit. | B Provide flexibility
# “Will the project meet NPV, ROI, and payback estimates?” applies to which risk category?| A Financial risk
# 80% of the problems are found in 20% of the work is a concept of: | D. Pareto
# 80% of the problems are found in 20% of the work is a concept of: | D. Pareto
# A 	 can have many different job descriptions, which can vary tremendously based on the organization and the project | project manager
# A 	 is a bell-shaped curve that is symmetrical regarding the average value of the population (the data being analyzed | normal distribution
# A 	 is a document that includes details related to the identified project stakeholders | stakeholder register
# A 	 is a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time. | control chart
# A 	 is a hierarchical structure that identifies the project’s resources by category and type | resource breakdown structure
# A 	 is a meeting held at the beginning of a project so that stakeholders can meet each other, review the goals of the project, and discuss future plans | kick-off meeting
# A 	 is a time-phased budget that project managers use to measure and monitor cost performance | cost 
# A 	 is an approach to help increase the support of stakeholders throughout the project | stakeholder management 
# A 	 is done very early in a project or even before a project is officially started | rough order of magnitude 
# A 	 is the hierarchy most people think of when picturing an organizational chart | functional organizational structure
# A 	 is used for making many purchasing decisions for which accurate estimates are required and for estimating final project costs | definitive estimate
# A 	 is used to allocate money into an organization’s budget | budgetary estimate
# A 	 provides an estimate of what a project will cost | rough order of magnitude 
# A 		 is a collection of project phases. | project life cycle
# a ___ is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management | project chapter (sai:management plan) 
# A ____ is a document that includes details related to the identified project stakeholders. | stakeholder register
# A ____ is a series of actions directed toward a particular result. | project
# A ____ person achieves a balance between risk and payoff. | risk-neutral
# A _____ is a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, or hardware, produced or provided as part of a project. | deliverable
# A _____ is temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result. | Project
# A _______ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project | B. WBS
# A _________ is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project’s objectives and management | project charter
# A ___________ report is a reflective statement documenting important things that people learned from working on the project. | B. lessons-learned
# A certainty factor of 1.960 is used for 	percent desired certainty | 95
# A common 	 is reporting performance, where project stakeholders can identify any necessary changes that may be required to keep the project on track | monitoring and controlling process
# A commonsense approach to improving the coordination between project plan development and execution is to follow this simple rule: Those who will do the work should not plan the work | F
# A commonsense approach to improving the coordination between project plan development and execution is to follow this simple rule: Those who will do the work should not plan the work.| False
# A company is making an effort to improve its project performance and create historical records of past projects. | Create lessons learned
# A contract SOW should not specify the location of the work.| False
# A control chart helps the project manager: | Determine if a process is functioning within set limits
# A control chart shows seven data points in a row on one side of the mean. What should be done? | Find an assignable cause
# A cost management plan contains a description of | The WBS level at which earned value will be calculated
# A Cost Performance Index (CPI) of 0.89 means ___ At this time, we expect the total project to cost at 89 percent more than planned. | The project is only getting 89 cents out of every dollar invested.
# A cost performance index (CPI) of 0.89 means | The project is only getting 89 cents out of every dollar invested
# A cost performance index (CPI) of 0.89 means: | The project is only getting 89 percent out of every dollar invested.
# A cost-plus-percentage-cost (CPPC) contract has an estimated cost of $120,000 with an agreed profit of 10% of the costs. The actual cost of the project is $130,000. What is the total reimbursement to the seller? | A. $143,000 
# A definitive estimate should be the least accurate of the three types of estimates.| False
# A dependency requiring that design be completed before manufacturing can start is an example of a: | Mandatory dependency
# A dependency requiring that design be completed before manufacturing can start is an example of a: | mandatory dependency
# A detailed project schedule can be created only after creating the | Work breakdown structure
# A detailed project schedule can be created only after creating the ___ | Work breakdown structure.
# A document or tool which describes when and how human resources will be brought onto and taken off the project team is called a: | A. Staffing Management Plan
# A document or tool which describes when and how human resources will be brought onto and taken off the project team is called a: | A. Staffing Management Plan
# A document or tool which describes when and how human resources will be brought onto and taken off the project team is called a: | A. Staffing Management Plan
# A document which describes how project scope will be managed and how scope changes will be integrated into the project is: (choose the best answer) | C.A scope management plan 
# A document which describes how project scope will be managed and how scope changes will be integrated into the project is: (choose the best answer) | C.A scope management plan 
# A fast and easy way to determine early and late start and finish dates and free and total slack amounts for activities is by using project management software.| True
# A fixed-price-plus-incentive-fee (FPI) contract has a target cost of $130,000, a target profit of $15,000, a target price of $145,000, a ceiling price of $160,000, and a share ratio of 80/20. The actual cost of the project was $150,000. How much profit does the seller make? | A. $10,000 
# A fixed-price-plus-incentive-fee (FPI) contract has a target cost of $130,000, a target profit of $15,000, a target price of $145,000, a ceiling price of $160,000, and a share ratio of 80/20. The actual cost of the project was $150,000. How much profit does the seller make? | A. $10,000 
# A Gantt chart is a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a ____ format. | calendar
# A Gantt chart is a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a 	format. | calendar
# A heuristic is BEST described as a: | Rule of thumb
# A histogram ordered by frequency of occurrence that shows how many results were generated by each identified cause is: | D. Pareto Diagram
# A key attribute of scope verification is _________ | customer acceptance of project efforts
# A key barrier to team development is: | B. When team members are accountable to both functional and project managers.
# A key factor in evaluating bids, particularly for projects involving information technology, is the past performance record of the bidder.| True
# A key finding of a 2004 study is that relationship management is viewed as a top success factor for information systems in China, while it is not mentioned in U.S. studies.| True
# A large percentage of total project costs are often labor costs.| True
# A large project is underway when one of the team members reviews the project status report. He sees that the project is currently running late. As he looks at the report further, he notices that the delay will cause one of his activities to be scheduled during a time he will be out of the country and cannot work on the activity. This is of great concern because he is very committed to the project being successful and he does not want to be the cause of the project being further delayed. What is the BEST THING for him to do? | Recommend preventive action
# A large, one-year telecommunications project is about halfway done when you take the place of the previous project manager. The project involves three different sellers and a project team of 30 people. You would like to see the project's communications requirements and what technology is being used to aid in project communications. Where will you find this information? | The communications management plan
# A leadership style in which the project manager shares problems with team members and formulates solutions as a group is called: | C. Consensus
# A leadership style in which the project manager shares problems with team members and formulates solutions as a group is called: | C. Consensus
# A major element of good practice concerns ____________________, which addresses the authority and control for key IT activities in organizations, including IT infrastructure, IT use, and project management.| IT governance
# A manager and the head of engineering discuss a charge to a major work package. after the meeting, the manager contacts you and tells you to complete the papers work to make the change. | a project expediter position
# A manager notices that a project manager is holding a meeting with some of the team and some stakeholders to discuss the quality of the project. The project schedule has been compressed, and the CPI is 1.1. They have worked hard on the project, the team has been rewarded according to the reward system the project manager put in place, and there is a strong sense of team. The manager suggests that the project manager does not have enough time to hold meetings about quality when the schedule is so compressed. Which of the following BEST describes why the manager is wrong? | Improved quality leads to increased productivity, increased cost effectiveness, and decreased cost risk
# A mandatory prerequisite for team building is: | C. Commitment from top level management
# A manufacturing project has a schedule performance index (SPI) of 0.89 and a cost performance index (CPI) of 0.91. Generally, what is the BEST explanation for why this occurred? | A critical path activity took longer and needed more labor hours to complete
# A maps the work of a project as described in the WBS to the people responsible for performing the work. | D. responsibility assignment matrix
# A maps the work of a project as described in the WBS to the people responsible… | Responsibility assignment matrix
# A market demand, a business need, and/or legal requirement are examples of: | Reasons projects are initiated
# A milestone list is an output list associated with the Project Scope Management knowledge area.| False
# A network diagram that uses nodes to represent activities and arrows to show the activity dependencies and allows no loops is called: | B.AON 
# A new government law requires an organization to report data in a new way. Under which category would a new information system project to provide this data fall?|Directive
# A new government law requires an organization to report data in a new way. Under which category would a new information system project to provide this data fall | directive
# A new government law requires an organization to report data in a new way. | Directive
# A new government law requires an organization to report data in a new way. Under which category would a new information system project to provide this data fall? | Directive
# a new government law requires an organization to report data in a new way. Under which category would a new information system project to provide this data fall | directive
# A new government law requires an organization to report data in a new way. Under which category would a new information system project to provide this data fall? | Directive
# A new product development project has four levels in the work breakdown structure and has been sequenced using the precedence diagramming method. The activity duration estimates have been received. What should be done NEXT? | Compress the schedule
# A new project manager has asked you for advice on creating a work breakdown structure. After you explain the process to her, she asks you what software she should use to create the WBS and what she should do with it when she is finished creating it. | Team buy-in
# A new project manager is about to begin creating the procurement statement of work. One stakeholder wants to add many items to the procurement statement of work. Another stakeholder only wants to describe the functional requirements. The project is important for the project manager's company, but a seller will do the work. How would you advise the project manager? | The procurement statement of work should be as detailed as necessary for the type of project
# A new project manager is being mentored by a more experienced certified project management professional ("PMP"). The new project manager is having difficulty finding enough time to manage the project because the product and project scope are being progressively elaborated. | Communicating with the customer
# A new store development project requires the purchase of various equipment, machinery, and furniture. The department responsible for the development recently centralized its external purchasing process and standardized its new order system. In which document can these new procedures be found? | Organizational policies
# A particular stakeholder has a reputation for making changes on projects. What is the BEST approach Get the stakeholder involved in the project as early as possible.
# A particular stakeholder has a reputation for making changes on projects. What is the BEST approach a project manager can take at the beginning of the project to manage this situation? | Get the stakeholder involved in the project as early as possible.
# A particular stakeholder has a reputation for making many changes on projects. What is the BEST approach a project manager can take at the beginning of the project to manage this situation? | Get the stakeholder involved in the project as early as possible
# A period of time in work weeks which includes non-working days is called: | A.Elapsed Time 
# A person who is risk ______ receives greater satisfaction when more payoff is at stake and is willing to pay a penalty to take risks. | B. seeking
# A PMO, or Project 	 Office, is an organizational group responsible for coordinating the project management function throughout an organization | Management
# A positive NPV means the return from a project exceeds the ____________________, the return available by investing the capital elsewhere.| cost of capital
# A potential response to the risk event of a defective server might be the inclusion of a clause in a contract with the supplier to replace a defective server within a certain time period at a negotiated cost.| True
# A preliminary or rough cost estimate is developed in the 	 phase, and an overview of the work involved is created | concept
# A probability/impact matrix or chart lists the relative probability of a risk occurring on one side of a matrix or axis on a chart and the relative impact of the risk occurring on the other.| True
# A program is “a group of related projects managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits and control not available from managing them individually.”| True
# a program is which one of the following | a collection of projects with a common objective 
# A program is which one of the following? | A collection of projects with a common objective
# A program is which one of the following? | collection of projects with a common cause
# A program is which one of the following?|A collection of projects with a common objective
# A project ____________________ is an uncertainty that can have a negative or positive effect on meeting project objectives.| risk
# A project charter typically does not authorize the project manager to use organizational resources to complete the project. | F
# A project charter typically does not authorize the project manager to use organizational resources to complete the project.| False
# A project has faced major difficulties in the quality of its deliverables. Management now states that quality is the most important project constraint. If another problem with quality were to occur, what would be the BEST thing for the project manager to do? | Allow cost to increase by fixing the root cause of the problem
# A project has had some problems, but now seems under control. In the last few months, almost all the reserve has been used up and most of the negative impacts of events that had been predicted have occurred. There are only four activities left, and two of them are on the critical path. Management now informs the project manager that it would be in the performing organizations best interest to finish the project two weeks earlier than scheduled in order to receive an additional profit. | Opportunities
# A project has several teams. Team C has repeatedly missed deadlines in the past. This has caused team D to have to crash the critical path several times. As the team leader for team D, you should meet with the: | Project manager and the leader of team C
# A project has three critical paths. Which of the following BEST describes how this affects the project? | It increases the project risk
# A project is facing a major change to its project deliverables. If the project manager is involved in determining which quality standards are relevant to the change, the project manager must be involved in: | Plan Quality
# A project is in the middle of execution when a stakeholder suggests a major new change. This change will cause the third major overhaul of the project. At the same time, the project manager discovers that a major work package was not completed because a team member's boss moved him to another project that had a higher priority. Which of the following is the BEST person for the project manger to address these issues with? | The sponsor
# A project is plagued by changes to the project charter. Who has the primary responsibility to decide if these changes are necessary? | The sponsor
# A project management plan should be realistic in order to be used to manage the project. Which of the following is the BEST method to achieve a realistic project management plan? | Project manager creates the project management plan based on input from the team
# A project management plan should be realistic in order to be used to manage the project. Which of the following is the BEST method to achieve a realistic project management plan | Project manager creates the project management plan based on input from the team
# A project manager and team from a firm that designs railroad equipment are tasked to design a machine to load stone onto railroad cars. The design allows for two percent spillage, amounting to over two tons of spilled rock per day. In which of the following does the project manager document quality control, quality assurance, and quality improvements for this project? | Quality management plan
# A project manager asked various stakeholders to determine the probability and impact of a number of risks. He then analyzed assumptions. He is about to move to the next step of risk management. Based on this information, what has the project manager forgotten to do? | Provide a standardized risk rating matrix
# A project manager can chart the probability and impact of risks on a ____.| C probability/impact matrix
# A project manager for a small construction company has a project that was budgeted for $130,000 over a six-week period. According to her schedule, the project should have cost $60,000 to date. However, it has cost US $90,000 to date. The project is also behind schedule, because the original estimates were not accurate. Who has the PRIMARY responsibility to solve this problem? | Project manager
# A project manager for the seller is told by her management that the project should do whatever possible to be awarded incentive money. The primary objective of incentive clauses in a contract is to: | Synchronize objectives
# A project manager had a complex problem to solve and made a decision about what needed to be done. A few months later, the problem resurfaced. What did the project manager MOST likely not do? | Confirm that the decision solved the problem
# A project manager has a problem with a team member's performance. What is the BEST form of communication for addressing this problem? | Informal verbal communication
# A project manager has a project team consisting of people in four countries. The project is very important to the company, and the project manager is concerned about its success. The length of the project schedule is acceptable. What type of communication should he use? | Formal written communication
# A project manager has assembled the project team, identified 56 risks on the project, determined what would trigger the risks, rated them on a risk rating matrix, tested their assumptions, and assessed the quality of the data used. The team is continuing to move through the risk management process. What has the project manager forgotten to do? | Involvement of other stakeholders
# A project manager has just been assigned a team that comes from many countries, including Brazil, Japan, the US, and Britain. What is her BEST tool for success? | Communication and well-developed people skills
# A project manager has just been assigned to a new project and has been given the project charter. The FIRST thing the project manager must do is: | Confirm that all the stakeholders have had input into the scope
# A project manager has just finished the risk response plan for a $387,000 engineering project. Which of the following should he probably do NEXT? | Add work packages to the project work breakdown structure
# A project manager has just found out that a major subcontractor for her project is consistently late delivering work. The project team member responsible for this part of the project does not get along with the subcontractor. To resolve the problem, the project manager says, "You both will have to give up something to solve this problern," What conflict resolution method is she using? | Compromise
# A project manager has just taken over the project from another project manager during the execution of the project. The previous project manager created a project budget, determined communications requirements, and went on to complete work packages. What should the new project manager do NEXT? | Identify quality standards
# A project manager has managed four projects for the company and is being considered to join the project management office team. The following is discovered during the evaluation of his performance. The project manager's first project had an ending cost variance of -500, used two critical resources, needed to rework the project charter during project executing and was ranked 14th in priority within the company. The second project finished with a schedule variance of +100. | The project manager did not effectively involve the stakeholders, showing that he does not have the knowledge to work in the project management office
# A project manager has received activity duration estimates from his team. Which of the following does he need in order to complete the Develop Schedule process? | Reserves
# A project manager has very little project expenditure, but he has been assigned as the project manager of a new project | Open and accurate
# A project manager is appointed to head a highly technical project in an area with which this person has limited familiarity. The project manager delegates the processes of Develop schedule, Estimate Costs, Define Activities, and Estimate Activity Resources to various project team members, and basically serves as an occasional referee and coordinator of activities. | A team that is characterized by poor performance, low morale, high levels of conflict and high turnover
# A project manager is creating a risk response plan. However, every time a risk response is suggested, another risk is identified that is caused by the response. Which of the following is the BEST thing for the project manager to do? | Document the new risks and continue the Plan Risk Responses process
# A project manager is in the middle of creating a request for proposal (RFP). What part of the procurement process is she in? | Plan Procurements
# A project manager is in the middle of the executing process of a very large construction project when he discovers that the time needed to complete the project is longer than the time available. What is the BEST thing to do? | Determine options for schedule compression and present management with his recommended option
# A project manager is managing his second project. It started one month after the First and both are ongoing. | Obtain historical records and guidance from the PMO
# A project manager is quantifying risk for her project. Several of her experts are offsite, but wish to be included. How can this be done | Apply the Delphi technique
# A project manager is taking over a project from another project manager during the planning process group. If the new project manager wants to see what the previous project manager planned for managing changes to the schedule, it would be BEST to look at the: | Schedule management plan
# A project manager is trying to complete a software development project, but cannot get enough attention for the project. | Functional
# A project manager is trying to convince management to use more formal project management procedures and has decided to start improving the company's project management by obtaining a project charter. Wich of the following BEST describes why the project charter would help the project manager? | It gives the project manager authority
# A project manager is trying to settle a dispute between two team members. One says the systems should be integrated before testing, and the other maintains each system should be tested before integration. The project involves over 30 people, and 12 systems need to be integrated. The sponsor is demanding that integration happen on time. What is the BEST statement the project manager can make to resolve the conflict? | Let's do limited testing before integration and finish testing after integration
# A project manager is using weighted average duration estimates to perform schedule network analysis. Which type of mathematical analysis is being used? | PERT
# A project manager may use to make sure the team members clearly know what work is included in each of their work packages. | A WBS dictionary
# A project manager must publish a project schedule. Activities, start/end times, and resources are identified. What should the project manager do NEXT? | Confirm the availability of the resources
# A project manager needs to analyze the project costs to find ways to decrease costs. It would be BEST if the project manager looks at: | Direct costs and variable costs
# A project manager overhears a conversation between two stakeholders who are talking about how unhappy they are with the impacts of the project on their own departments. Stakeholder A asks if the project is on time, and stakeholder B replies that the SPI is 1.05. Stakeholder A asks if the project manager for the project knows of stake holder B's concern. Stakeholder B responds that he is not sure. What is the BEST thing for the project manager to do? | Arrange a meeting with both stakeholders to allow them to voice any concerns they may have
# A project manager usually organizes the project work into several work packages using a(n) ____________________.| WBS - work breakdown structure - work breakdown structure (WBS)
# A project manager wants to more extensively involve the stakeholders on the project. Which of the following would be the BEST way to accomplish this? | Have the stakeholders periodically review the list of project requirements
# A project manager's scope management efforts are being audited. The cost performance index (CPI) on the project is 1.13, and the benefit cost ratio (BCR) is 1.2. The project scope was created by the team and stakeholders. Requirements on the project have been changing throughout the project. | Not being able to measure completion of the product of the project
# A project performed under a cost reimbursable contract has finally entered the Close Procurements process. What MUST the buyer remember to do? | Audit seller's cost submittals
# A project plan is: | A.A formal, approved document used to guide both project execution and project control. 
# A project planning methodology is any structured approach used to guide the project team during development of the project plan. What is an example of this methodology? | A. Standard forms or templates.
# A project should be developed using progressive elaboration, starting from specific details and broadening in scope as it progresses.| False
# A project team always organizes the WBS around project products.| False
# A project team has invited many of the project stakeholders to help them inspect quality on the project. Which of the following would NOT be an output of this activity? | Quality management plan
# A project team has invited many of the project stakeholders to help them inspect quality on the project. Which of the following would NOT be an output of this activity? | Quality management plan
# A project team has invited many of the project stakeholders to help them inspect quality on the project. Which of the following would NOT be an output of this activity? | Quality management plan
# A project team is creating a project management plan when management asks them to identify project risks and provide some form of qualitative output as soon as possible. What should the project team provide? | Prioritized list of project risks
# A project team is working on manufacturing a new product, but they are having difficulty creating a project charter. | They are working on a process and not a project
# A project team member comes to the project manager during project execution to tell him that they feel the project cannot meet its quality standards. The project manager calls a meeting of the affected stakeholders to work through the problem. | Quality assurance
# A project team member comes to the project manager during project execution to tell him that they feel the project cannot meet its quality standards. The project manager calls a meeting of the affected stakeholders to work through the problem. Which step of the quality management process is the project manager in? | Quality assurance
# A project team member comes to the project manager during project execution to tell him that they feel the project cannot meet its quality standards. The project manager calls a meeting of the affected stakeholders to work through the problem. Which step of the quality management process is the project manager in? | Quality assurance
# A project team member is talking to another team member and complaining that so many people are asking him to do things | The functional manager
# A proposal evaluation sheet is an example of a(n) ________________ | weighted scoring model
# A proposal evaluation sheet is an example of a(n) ________________ | weighted scoring model
# A proposal evaluation sheet is an example of a(n) ________________ | weighted scoring model
# A proposal evaluation sheet is an example of a(n) ________________ | D. weighted scoring model
# A proposal evaluation sheet is an example of a(n) ________________ | D. weighted scoring model
# A RAM should only be used to assign detailed work activities.| False
# A research report showed that the U.S. spends $2.3 trillion on projects every year, an amount equal to 40 percent of the nation’s gross domestic product.| False
# A research report showed that the U.S. spends ___ on projects every year | $2.3 trillion
# A research report showed that the U.S. spends ____ on projects every year.| $2.3 trillion
# A research report showed that the U.S. spends the equivalent of percent of the nation’s gross domestic product on projects every year | 25
# A responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) is a matrix that maps the work of the project as described in the OBS to the people responsible for performing the work as described in the WBS.| False
# A risk ________ is a document that contains results of various risk management processes, often displayed in a table or spreadsheet format. | register
# A risk ________ is a document that contains results of various risk management processes, often displayed in a table or spreadsheet format. | register
# A risk ________ is a document that contains results of various risk management processes, often displayed in a table or spreadsheet format. | Register
# A risk ________ is a document that contains results of various risk management processes, often displayed in a table or spreadsheet format. | B. register
# A risk ________ is a document that contains results of various risk management processes, often displayed in a table or spreadsheet format. | register
# A risk management review accomplishes one objective, it keeps management and the customer aware of the major influences that could prevent or enhance the project’s success.| False
# A risk response which involves eliminating a threat is called: | C. Avoidance
# A risk response which involves reducing the impact of a risk event by reducing the probability of its occurrence is called: | Mitigation
# A risk response which involves reducing the impact of a risk event by reducing the probability of its occurrence is called: | Mitigation 
# A risk response which involves reducing the impact of a risk event by reducing the probability of its occurrence is called: | Mitigation 
# A risk response which involves reducing the impact of a risk event by reducing the probability of its occurrence is called: | Mitigation 
# A rough order of magnitude estimate is made during which project management process group? | Project initiating
# A rough order of magnitude estimate is made during which project management process group? | Initiating
# A routine audit of a cost reimbursable (CR) contract determines that overcharges are being made. If the contract does not specify corrective action, the buyer should: | Continue to make project payments
# A schedule performance index (SPI) of 0.76 means: | You are only progressing at 76 percent of the rate originally planned
# A schedule performance index(SPI) of 0.76 means: | you are only progressing at 76 percent of the rate originally planned.
# A schedule performance index(SPI) of 0.76 means: | you are only progressing at 76 percent of the rate originally planned.
# A scope change has been suggested by one of the stakeholders on the project. After careful consideration and a lot of arguing, the change control board has decided to reject the change. What should the project manager do? | Record the change request and its result
# A seller is awarded a contract to build a pipeline. The contract terms and conditions require that a work plan be issued for the buyer's approval prior to commencing work, but the seller fails to provide one. Which of the following is the BEST thing for the buyer's project manager to do? | Issue a default letter
# A seller is working on a cost reimbursable (CR) contract when the buyer decides he would like to expand the scope of services and change to a fixed price (FP) contract. All of the following are the seller's options EXCEPT: | Starting over with a new contract
# A series of consecutive points on the same side of the average is called: | A. Run
# A simple approach to using probability/impact information is to calculate risk factors.| False
# A staffing management plan describes when and how people will be added to and taken off the project team.| True
# A staffing management plan often includes a resource ______, which is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to the project over time. | C. histogram
# A staffing management plan often includes a resource ___________, which is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to the project overtime. | Histogram
# A staffing management plan often includes a resource ___________, which is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to the project overtime. | Histogram
# A staffing management plan often includes a resource ___________, which is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to the project overtime. | Histogram
# A staffing management plan often includes a resource ___________, which is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to the project overtime. | Histogram
# A stakeholder analysis should be part of the overall project | F
# A stakeholder analysis should be part of the overall project plan.| False
# A stakeholder management strategy is an approach to help increase the support of stakeholders throughout the project.| True
# a structured review of specific quality management | Perform quality audit
# A structured tool, usually industry or activity specific, used to verify that a set of required steps has been performed is called: | B. Check list 
# A system development project is nearing project closing when a previously unidentified risk is discovered. This could potentially affect the project's overall ability to deliver. What should be done NEXT? | Qualify the risk
# A team is using a fishbone diagram to help determine what quality standards will be used on the project. What part of the quality management process are they in? | Quality planning
# A team member from research and development tells you that her work is too creative to provide you with a fixed single estimate for the activity. You both decide to use the labor hours per installation from past projects to predict the future. This is an example of which of the following? | Parametric estimating
# A team member is not performing well on the project because she is inexperienced in system development work. There is no one else available who is better qualified to do the work. What is the BEST solution for the project manager? | Arrange for the team member to get training
# A team member is visiting the manufacturing plant of one of the suppliers. Which of the following is the MOST important thing to be done in any telephone calls the project manager might make to the team member? | Ask the team member to repeat back what the project manager says
# A team member who doesn't have the required skills or knowledge was assigned to a team. Who is responsible for ensuring that he receives the proper training? | A. Sponsor
# A team member who doesn't have the required skills or knowledge was assigned to a team. Who is responsible for ensuring that he receives the proper training? | A. Sponsor
# A technique for resolving conflict in which the parties agree to have a neutral third party hear the dispute and make a decision is called: | B. Arbitration
# A tool that analyzes the inputs to a process to identify the causes of errors is called: | C. Ishikawa diagram
# A tool which links the project roles and responsibilities to the project scope definition is called: | B. Responsibility Assignment Matrix 
# A tool which links the project roles and responsibilities to the project scope definition is called: | B. Responsibility Assignment Matrix 
# A Tracking Gantt chart is based on the percentage of work completed for project tasks or the actual start and finish dates.| True
# A unilateral contract under which the seller is paid a preset amount per unit of service is called: | A unit price contract
# A unilateral contract under which the seller is paid a preset amount per unit of service is called: | A unit price contract 
# A unilateral contract under which the seller is paid a preset amount per unit of service is called: | A unit price contract 
# A unilateral contract under which the seller is paid a preset amount per unit of service is called: | C. A unit price contract 
# A unilateral contract under which the seller is paid a preset amount per unit of service is called: | A unit price contract 
# A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS.| True
# A watchlist is an output of which risk management process? | Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis
# A WBS is often depicted as a task-oriented pie chart.| False
# A well-written ____________________—a mutually binding agreement that obligates the seller to provide the specified products or services and obligates the buyer to pay for them—can clarify responsibilities and sharpen focus on key deliverables of a project.| contract
# A white diamond on the Tracking Gantt chart represents a(n) ____________________.| slipped milestone
# A work authorization system can be used to: | Manage what time and in what sequence work is done
# A work breakdown structure numbering system allows project staff to: | identify the level at which individual elements are found
# A work breakdown structure numbering system allows the project staff to: | Identify the level at which individual elements are found
# A work breakdown structure, project schedule, and cost estimates are outputs of the _____ process. | planning
# A work package represents the level of work that the project manager monitors and controls.| True
# A work package should always represent less than 80 hours of work.| False
# A(n) 	 focuses on long-term goals and big-picture objectives, while inspiring people to reach those goals | leader
# A(n) 	 is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to a project over time | resource histogram
# A(n) 	 is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project | work breakdown structure
# A(n) 	 is a document that describes the products or services to be created by the project team | statement of work
# A(n) 	 is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the | project charter
# A(n) 	 is a document used to coordinate all project planning documents and help guide a project’s execution and control | project management plan
# A(n) 	 is a formal group of people responsible for approving or rejecting changes to a project | CCB
# A(n) 	 is a formal, documented process that describes when and how official project documents may be changed. | change control system
# A(n) 	 is a methodology that converts an organization’s value drivers, such as customer service, innovation, operational efficiency, and financial performance, to a series of defined metrics | balanced scorecard
# A(n) 	 is any instance where the product or service fails to meet customer requirements. | defect
# A(n) 	 is done to test each individual component (often a program) to ensure that it is as defect-free as possible. | unit test
# A(n) 	 might provide an estimate of $50 per line of code for a software development project based on the programming language the project is using, the level of expertise of the programmers, the size and complexity of the data involved, and so on | parametric model
# A(n) 	 often deals with the day-to-day details of meeting specific goal | manager
# A(n) ____ is a diagramming analysis technique used to help select the best course of action in situations in which future outcomes are uncertain.| A decision tree
# A(n) ____ is a document used to solicit proposals from prospective suppliers. | B RFP
# A(n) ____ is a document used to solicit quotes or bids from prospective suppliers. | A RFQ
# A(n) ____ is a methodology that converts an organization's value drivers, such as customer service, innovation, operational efficiency, and financial performance, to a series of defined metrics. | balanced scorecard
# A(n) ____ represents decision problems by displaying essential elements, including decisions, uncertainties, causality, and objectives, and how they influence each other.| B influence diagram
# A(n) ___________________ includes basic information such as stakeholder names, level of interest in the project, level of influence on the project, and potential management strategies for gaining support or reducing obstacles from that particular stakeholder.	| stakeholder management strategy
# A(n) ____________________ chart is a standard format for displaying project schedule information.| Gantt
# A(n) ____________________ conference is a meeting with prospective sellers prior to preparation of their proposals or bids.| bidders’ - bidders - supplier - pre-bid
# A(n) ____________________ decision is one in which an organization decides if it is in its best interests to make certain products or perform certain services inside the organization, or if it is better to buy them from an outside organization.| make-or-buy
# A(n) ____________________ describes how things should be done.| methodology
# A(n) ____________________ determines the early start and early finish dates for each activity.| forward pass
# A(n) ____________________ documents the procedures for managing risk throughout the project.| risk management plan
# A(n) ____________________ for a project is the series of activities that determine the earliest time by which the project can be completed.| critical path
# A(n) ____________________ Gantt chart compares planned and actual project schedule information.| Tracking
# A(n) ____________________ is a contract clause that allows the buyer or supplier to end the contract.| termination clause
# A(n) ____________________ is a document prepared by a seller when there are different approaches for meeting buyer needs.| proposal
# A(n) ____________________ is a document prepared by sellers providing pricing for standard items that have been clearly defined by the buyer.| bid - tender - quote - quotation
# A(n) ____________________ is a document that contains results of various risk management processes.| risk register
# A(n) ____________________ is a document that describes detailed information about each WBS item.| WBS dictionary
# A(n) ____________________ is a document that describes how the organization will manage cost variances on the project.| cost management plan
# A(n) ____________________ is a framework for describing the phases involved in developing information systems.| SDLC - systems development life cycle - systems development life cycle (SDLC)
# A(n) ____________________ is a group of senior executives from various parts of the organization, who regularly review important corporate projects and issues.| executive steering committee
# A(n) ____________________ is a histogram that can help you identify and prioritize problem areas.| Pareto chart - Pareto diagram
# A(n) ____________________ is a list of risks that are low priority, but are still identified as potential risks.| watch list
# A(n) ____________________ is a product or service, such as a report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project.| deliverable
# A(n) ____________________ is a schematic display of the logical relationships among, or sequencing of, project activities.| network diagram
# A(n) ____________________ is a series of actions directed toward a particular result.| process
# A(n) ____________________ is a specific type of organizational chart that shows which organizational units are responsible for which work items.| OBS - organizational breakdown structure - organizational breakdown structure (OBS)
# A(n) ____________________ is a structured review of specific quality management activities that help identify lessons learned that could improve performance on current or future projects.| quality audit
# A(n) ____________________ is a task at the lowest level of the WBS.| work package
# A(n) ____________________ is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.| project
# A(n) ____________________ is a tool that provides a systematic process for selecting projects based on many criteria.| weighted scoring model
# A(n) ____________________ is an overall model for thinking about things as systems.| systems philosophy
# A(n) ____________________ is the approved project management plan plus approved changes.| baseline
# A(n) ____________________ is the original project plan plus approved changes.| baseline
# A(n) ____________________ is the output of risk identification planning.| risk register
# A(n) ____________________ is the rate used in discounting future cash flow.| discount rate
# A(n) ____________________ on a project is a significant event that normally has no duration.| milestone
# A(n) ____________________ or draft contract often provides the basis for defining and finalizing work requirements.| RFP - Request for Proposal - Request for Proposal (RFP)
# A(n) ____________________ project scope statement is an important document for developing and confirming a common understanding of the project scope.| up-to-date - up to date - 
# A(n) ____________________ system provides the ability to easily organize, find, and archive procurement-related documents.| records management
# A(n) _________________________ contract has the least amount of risk for the buyer.| firm-fixed price (FFP) - firm-fixed price - FFP
# A(n) _________________________ is a hierarchy of potential risk categories for a project.| risk breakdown structure
# A(n) _________________________ is a reflective statement documenting important things they have learned from working on the project.| lessons-learned report
# A(n) ______________________________ is a document that guides project communications.| communications management plan
# A(n) preventive ____________________ might be modifying a time-tracking system screen to avoid common errors people made in the past.| action
# A_____ report describes where the project stands at a specific point time. | status
# A_____ report describes where the project stands at a specific point time. | status
# A_____ report describes where the project stands at a specific point time. | status
# A_____ report describes where the project stands at a specific point time. | status
# A_______ is an approach to help increase the support of stakeholders throughout the project | stakeholder management strategy
# A_______ is an approach to help increase the support of stakeholders throughout the project | stakeholder management strategy
# A_______ is an approach to help increase the support of stakeholders throughout the project | stakeholder management strategy
# A_______ is an approach to help increase the support of stakeholders throughout the project | stakeholder management strategy
# A_______ report if a reflective statement documenting important things that people learned from working on the project. | lessons-learned
# A_______ report if a reflective statement documenting important things that people learned from working on the project. | lessons-learned
# A________ maps the work of a project as described in the WBS to the people responsible for performing the work. | responsibility assignment matrix
# A________ maps the work of a project as described in the WBS to the people responsible for performing the work. | responsibility assignment matrix
# A________ maps the work of a project as described in the WBS to the people responsible for performing the work. | responsibility assignment matrix
# A________ maps the work of a project as described in the WBS to the people responsible for performing the work. | responsibility assignment matrix
# A____________ is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management.|project management plan
# A____________ is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management. | project chapter (sai:management plan)
# A____________ is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management. | project chapter (sai:management plan)
# A____________ is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management. | project chapter (sai:management plan)
# A__________________ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defined the total scope of the project | WBS
# A__________________ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defined the total scope of the project | WBS
# A__________________ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defined the total scope of the project | WBS
# Abraham Maslow, a highly respected psychologist, rejected the dehumanizing negativism of psychology in the | 1950
# AC = 50000 | -10000 -5000
# According to a 2008 report on IT outsourceing trends in the U.S. and Canada, application development is the least popular form of IT outsourcing and was used by only 25 percent of organizations surveyed.| False
# According to Herzberg, hygiene factors such as larger salaries, more supervision, or a more attractive work environment would motivate workers to do more if present.| False
# According to Luc Richard, the founder of www.projectmangler.com, five points of using project milestones include the following, except | Keep project milestones to be medium/large and nearly frequent
# According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs in which does the need for | Social needs
# According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs in which does the need for acceptance occurs? | Social needs
# According to McClelland's acquired needs theory, people who desire harmonious relation with other people and need to feel accepted have a high_______ need. | Affiliation
# According to McClelland's acquired needs theory, people who desire harmonious relation with other people and need to feel accepted have a high_______ need. | Affiliation
# According to McClelland's acquired needs theory, people who desire harmonious relation with other people and need to feel accepted have a high_______ need. | Affiliation
# According to textbook, every project is constrained in different ways by its scope,...., and cost goals | Time
# According to textbook, every project is constrained in different ways by its scope,...., and cost goals | Time
# According to textbook, every project is constrained in different ways by its scope,...., and cost goals | Time
# According to Thamhain and Wilemon, 	is the ability to improve a worker’s position | promotio
# According to Thamhain and Wilemon, 	is the legitimate hierarchical right to issue orders | authority
# According to the guideline governing 	, designate someone to take minutes and send the minutes out soon after the meeting | running the meeting professionally
# According to the guideline governing 	, many meetings are most effective with the minimum number of participants possible | determining who should attend the meeting
# According to the guidelines provided by Practical Communications, Inc., a(n) 	 is the only method that is “excellent” for encouraging creative thinking | e-mail
# According to the guidelines provided by Practical Communications, Inc., a(n) 	 is the most appropriate method for giving complex instructions | meeting 
# According to the Standish Group study describing what factors contribute most to the success of information technology projects, 	 percent of successful projects are led by experienced project managers. | 97
# According to the Standish group, which of the following factors contributes most to the success of information technology projects? | Executive support
# According to the Standish Group’s success potential scoring sheet, ____ has the highest relative importance.| D user involvement
# According to the symbolic frame, what is most important about any event in an organization is what actually happened.| False
# Achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility, advancement, and growth, which produce job|Motivational factors
# Achieving high performance on projects requires 	, otherwise called human relations skills | soft skills
# Acquire Project team process will be performed under: | C. Executing Process Group 
# Activity information is not a required input to the other time management processes.| False
# Adding more people to a project that is falling behind schedule often causes more setbacks because of the increased complexity of communications.| True
# addresses how well a product or service performs the customer’s intended use | Performance
# addresses the ease of performing maintenance on a product | Maintainability
# ADM format of network diagram | Finish-to-Start
# Administrative activities are often involved in 	, such as archiving project files, closing out contracts, documenting lessons learned, and receiving formal acceptance of the delivered work as part of the phase or project | closing processes
# After defining project activities, the next step in project time management is sequencing them or determining their dependencies.| True
# After discovering WBS items and structure using the 	 technique, you could then translate the information into chart or tabular form. | mind mapping
# After much excitement and hard work, the procurement statement of work for the project is completed. Even after gaining agreement that the procurement statement of work is complete, the project manager is still concerned whether it actually addresses all the buyer's needs. The project manager is about to attend the bidder conference. He asks you for advice on what to do during the session. Which of the following is the BEST advice you can give him? | Make sure you give all the sellers enough time to ask questions. They may not want to ask questions while their competitors are in the room
# After you total the EV, AC, and PV data for all activities on a project, you can use the CPI and ____________________ to project how much it will cost and how long it will take to finish the project based on performance to date.| SPI - schedule performance index - schedule performance index (SPI)
# All meetings should have a(n) ____________________ and intended outcome.| purpose
# All of the following aid in achieving consensus EXCEPT: | B. Avoiding conflict.
# All of the following aid in achieving consensus EXCEPT: | B. Avoiding conflict.
# All of the following are ALWAYS inputs to the risk management process EXCEPT: | Project status reports
# All of the following are basic IT project portfolio categories, except?|Transform: projects in this category can be done to open new business domain.
# all of the following are basic IT project portfolio categories, except? | transform: project in this category can be done to poen new business domain 
# All of the following are characteristics of a project EXCEPT: | Repeats itself every month 
# All of the following are common results of risk management EXCEPT: | The project charter is changed
# All of the following are communication tools EXCEPT: | D. Inputing data into a spreadsheet 
# All of the following are communication tools EXCEPT: | D. Inputing data into a spreadsheet
# All of the following are factors in the assessment of project risk EXCEPT: | Insurance premiums
# All of the following are forms of power derived from the project manager's position EXCEPT: | Expert
# All of the following are important tools and techniques for developing project  schedule, except | progress reports
# All of the following are main techniques for shortening schedules | Use multi-tasking
# All of the following are outputs from performance reporting EXCEPT: | D. Stakeholder reports
# All of the following are outputs from performance reporting EXCEPT: | A. Trend analysis
# All of the following are outputs of quality planning EXCEPT? | Acceptance decisions
# All of the following are outputs of quality planning EXCEPT? | Acceptance decisions
# All of the following are outputs of quality planning EXCEPT? | Acceptance decisions
# All of the following are outputs of the close project process EXCEPT: | Deliverables
# All of the following are outputs of the close project process EXCEPT: | Deliverables
# All of the following are outputs of the Estimate Costs process EXCEPT: | The prevention of inappropriate changes from being induded in the cost baseline
# All of the following are outputs of the scope definition process EXCEPT: | Preliminary project scope statement
# All of the following are outputs of the scope definition process EXCEPT: | Preliminary project scope statement
# All of the following are part of the team's stakeholder management effort | Giving stakeholders extras
# All of the following are part of the team's stakeholder management effort EXCEPT | Giving stakeholders extras.
# All of the following are parts of an effective change management plan EXCEPT: | Lessons learned
# All of the following are parts of Direct and Manage Project Execution EXCEPT: | Setting up a project control system
# All of the following are parts of the scope baseline EXCEPT the: | Scope management plan
# All of the following are parts of the team’s stakeholder management effort EXCEPT? | Giving stakeholder’s extras
# All of the following are parts of the team’s stakeholder management effort EXCEPT? | A. Giving stakeholders extras
# All of the following are parts of the team’s stakeholder management effort EXCEPT? | Giving stakeholders extras
# All of the following are phases of the traditional project lifecycle, Except?|Coding
# All of the following are phases of the traditional project lifecycle, except? | coding
# All of the following are phases of the traditional project lifecycle, Except? | Coding
# All of the following are reasons project fail EXCEPT: | C. Planning and closing
# All of the following are tools/ techniques of Perform Quality Assurance, EXCEPT? | Reserve analysis
# All of the following aspects are very important for project managers to be competitive, except | project managers should have high technical skills
# All of the following MUST be present to have a contract EXCEPT: | Address of the seller
# All of the following occur during the planning process group EXCEPT: | Develop project Charter.
# All of the following occur during the planning process group EXCEPT: | Develop project Charter.
# All of the following result from quality audits EXCEPT | Creation of quality metrics
# all of the following shows the organizational commitment to information technology, except | assigning enough IT rescources to IT projects 
# All of the following skills are very important for project managers, except | development 
# All of the following statements are true regarding Pareto diagrams and Pareto theory except: | D. Pareto diagrams use two variables.
# All of the following statements concerning procurement documents are incorrect EXCEPT: | Well-designed procurement documents can simplify comparison of responses
# All of the following would occur during the Close Project or phase process EXCEPT: | Performing benefit cost analysis
# All of the Six Sigma principles are brand new.| False
# All organizations should be supportive of the performing organization's long term goals. These type of goals are best described as | C. Strategic
# All organizations should be supportive of the performing organization's long term goals. These type of goals are best described as | C. Strategic
# All projects can benefit from using some type of project management information system to coordinate and communicate project information. | T
# All projects can benefit from using some type of project management information system to coordinate and communicate project information.| True
# All technical work is completed on the project. Which of the following remains to be done | Complete lessons learned
# All the following are examples of Perform Quality Control EXCEPT: | Cost of quality
# All the following statements about change control are incorrect EXCEPT: | Contracts should include procedures to accommodate changes
# allow for future situations that are unpredictable | Management reserves
# allow for future situations that may be partially planned for | Contingency reserves
# Although information technology projects have a poor track record in meeting project goals, they have a good track record in meeting budget goals.| False
# Although it is easier to focus on the immediate and sometimes narrow concerns of a particular project, project managers and other staff must keep in mind the effects of any project on the interests and needs of the entire system or organization.| True
# Although the stakeholders thought there was enough money in the budget, halfway through the project the cost performance index (CPI) is 0.7. To determine the root cause, several stakeholders audit the project and discover the project cost budget was estimated analogously. | Bottom-up estimating should have been used
# An activity has an early start (ES) of day 3, a late start (LS) of day 13, an early finish (EF) of day 9, and a late finish (LF) of day 19. The activity: | Is not on the critical path
# An activity that consumes no time or resources and shows only that a dependency exists between two activities is called: | C.A dummy activity 
# An annual discount factor is a multiplier for each year based on the discount rate and year. | T
# An annual discount factor is a multiplier for each year based on the discount rate and year.| True
# An example of a project is: | Constructing a building or facility
# An example of a project is: | Constructing a building or facility
# An example of a project is: | Constructing a building or facility
# An example of a project is:|Constructing a building or facility
# An example of risk mitigation is: | A. Using proven technology in the development of a product to lessen the probability that the product will not work
# An example of risk mitigation is: | Using proven technology in the development of a product to lessen the probability that the product will not work
# An example of risk mitigation is: | Using proven technology in the development of a product to lessen the probability that the product will not work
# An example of risk mitigation is: | Using proven technology in the development of a product to lessen the probability that the product will not work
# An example of risk mitigation is: | Using proven technology in the development of a product to lessen the probability that the product will not work
# An experienced project manager has just begun working for a large information technology integrator. Her manager provides her with a draft project charter and immediately asks her to provide an analysis of the risks on the project. Which of the following would BEST help in this effort? | A conversation with a team member from a similar project that failed in the past
# An important technique for performance reporting is the ____________________ review meeting.| status
# An important tool used in the 	 phase of the DMAIC process is the fishbone or Ishikawa diagram | analyze
# An item you need for a project has a daily lease cost of $200 | 40
# An item you need for a project has a daily lease cost of $200. To purchase the item, there is an investment cost of $6000 and a daily cost of $50. Calculate the number of days when the lease cost would be the same as the purchase cost. | 40
# An item you need for a project has a daily lease cost of $200. To purchase the item, there is an investment cost of $6000 and a daily cost of $50. Calculate the number of days when the lease cost would be the same as the purchase cost. | 40
# An item you need for a project has a daily lease cost of $200. To purchase the item, there is an investment cost of $6000 and a daily cost of $100. Calculate the number of days when the lease cost would be the same as the purchase cost. | D. 60
# An item you need for a project has a daily lease cost of $200. To purchase the item, there is an investment cost of $6000 and a daily ccost of $100. Calculate the number of days when the lease cost would be the same as the purchase cost. | D. 60
# An item you need for a project has a daily lease cost of $200. To purchase the item, there is an investment cost of $6000 and a daily cost of $50. Calculate the number of days when the lease cost would be the same as the purchase cost. | 40
# An October 2005 Information Technology Association of America (ITAA)–sponsored report stated that spending for global sources of computer software and services is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of about ____ percent.| B 20
# An October 2005 Information Technology Association of America (ITAA)–sponsored report stated that total savings from offshore resources during the 2005-2010 period are estimated to grow from $8.7 billion to ____. | B $20.4 billion
# An organization may initiate information technology projects for several reasons, but the most important reason is to support | business objectives
# An organization may initiate information technology projects for several reasons, but the most important reason is to support business objectives.| True
# An organization should put considerable thought into project selection to ensure that it initiates the right kinds of projects for the right reasons.| True
# An organization that uses a project organizational structure earns their revenue primarily from performing projects for other groups under contract.| True
# An organization’s information technology project selection process should guide the strategic plan. | F
# An organization’s information technology project selection process should guide the strategic plan.| False
# An organizational culture with strong unit integration makes the project manager’s job more difficult.| False
# An up-to-date 	is an important document for developing and confirming a common understanding of the project scope | project scope statement
# Analogous estimating | Uses top-down estimating techniques
# Analogous estimating: | uses actual detailed historical costs
# Another name for a phase exit is a .................. point | Kill
# Another name for a phase exit is a ____ point. | kill
# Another name of strategic planning is | D. Top down
# Any new technology or business process is untested and has inherent risks.| True
# Any type of contract should include specific clauses that take into account issues unique to the project.| True
# Approved corrective action is an input to: | Direct and Manage Project Execution
# Approximately what percentage pf the world's gross domestic product is spent on project? | 25%
# are the system’s special characteristics that appeal to users | Features
# As computer hardware became smaller and more affordable and ____________________ included graphical and easy to use interfaces, project management software became less expensive and more widely used.| software
# As part of the records management system, you are trying to make sure thatall records from the procurement are documented and indexed. Which of the following do you NOT have to worry about? | Negotiation process
# As projects progress, the organization must reevaluate the need, funding, and will for each project to determine if the project should be continued, redefined, or terminated. | T
# As projects progress, the organization must reevaluate the need, funding, and will for each project to determine if the project should be continued, redefined, or terminated.| True
# As the job market changes, people should upgrade their skills to remain marketable and flexible.| True
# As the number of people involved in a project 	, the complexity of communications 	 | increases, increases
# As the number of people involved in a project ____, the complexity of communications ____. | increases, increases
# As the project manager for a software development project, you are helping to develop the project schedule. You decide that writing code for a system should not start until users sign off on the analysis work. What type of dependency is this? | C. discretionary
# As the project manager for a software development project, you are helping to develop the project schedule. You decide that writing code for a system should not start until users sign off on the analysis work. What type of dependency is this? | C. discretionary
# As the project manager, you are preparing your methods for quality management. You are looking for a method that can demonstrate the relationship between events and their resulting effects. | Ishikawa diagram
# As the project manager, you are preparing your methods for quality management. You are looking for a method that can demonstrate the relationship between events and their resulting effects. You want to use a method to depict the events that cause a negative effect on quality. Which of the following is the BEST choice for accomplishing your objective? | Ishikawa diagram
# As the project manager, you are preparing your methods for quality management. You are looking for a method that can demonstrate the relationship between events and their resulting effects. You want to use a method to depict the events that cause a negative effect on quality. Which of the following is the BEST choice for accomplishing your objectives? | Ishikawa diagram
# Assigning staff part-time to the project often creates underutilization and/or misallocation of staff resources.| False
# Assignment, budget, promotion, money, and penalty influence bases are automatically available to project managers as part of their position.| False
# Assume you have a project with major categories called planning, analysis, design, and testing. What level of the WBS would these items fall under? | 2
# Assume you have a project with major categories called planning, analysis, design, and testing. What level of the WBS would these items fall under? | 2
# Assume you have a project with major categories called planning, analysis, design, and testing. What level of the WBS would these items fall under? | C. 2
# Assume you have a project with major categories called planning, analysis, design, and testing. What level of the WBS would these items fall under? | 2
# Assuming that the ends of a range of estimates are +/- 3 sigma from the mean, which of the following range estimates involves the LEAST risk? | Optimistic = 26 days, most likely = 30 days, pessimistic = 33 days
# At the bottom of Maslow's pyramid or hierarchy of needs are _____ needs | Physiological
# At the bottom of Maslow's pyramid or hierarchy of needs are _____ needs | Physiological
# At the end of a project, a project manager determines that the project has added four areas of functionality and three areas of performance. The customer has expressed satisfaction with the project. What does this mean in terms of success of the project? | The project was unsuccessful because it was gold plated
# At the planning stage of the project, the project manager defined that the cost and quality goals are the most important, but the project met quality goals and made customer happy when it has completed. This project is ___ | success 
# At the top of Maslow's pyramid or hierarchy of needs are _____ needs | self- actualization
# At which development phase, the cost to correct a software requirement defect is highest? | Operation
# Author 	, who developed the concept of the strategic value of competitive advantage, has written several books and articles on strategic planning and competition | Robert Cooper
# Based on the following, if you needed to shorten the duration of the project, what activity would you try to shorten? | Activity C
# Because a project requires resources, often from various areas, many projects cross 	 or other boundaries to achieve their unique purposes | departmenta
# Because of overlaps in their duties, hardware specialists usually understand the language of database analysts, and vice versa.| False
# Because of the nature of information technology projects, the people involved come from very similar backgrounds and possess similar skill sets.| False
# Because projects involve uncertainty and limited resources, projects rarely finish according to discrete scope, time, and cost goals as originally planned.| True
# Because there are so many people working on projects in various industries, PMI has created Specific ____________________ (SIGs) that enable members to share ideas about project management in their particular application areas, such as information systems.| Interest Groups
# Before you can improve project risk management, you must understand what risk is.| True
# Bertha is the project manager for the HAR Project. The project is behind schedule and Bertha has elected, with management's approval, to crash the critical path. This process adds more what? | Cost
# Bertha is the project manager for the HAR Project. The project is behind schedule and Bertha has elected, with management's approval, to crash the critical path. This process adds more what? (Choose the best answer.) | Cost
# Bidder conferences are part of: | Conduct Procurements
# Budget forecast and work performance measurement are an output of | control costs
# Buyers often prepare a _____________ list when selecting a seller to make this process more manageable. | short
# Buyers often prepare a _____________ list when selecting a seller to make this process more manageable. | short
# Buyers often prepare a _____________ list when selecting a seller to make this process more manageable. | short
# Buyers often prepare a _____________ list when selecting a seller to make this process more manageable. | B. short
# Buyers often prepare a _____________ list when selecting a seller to make this process more manageable. | short
# Buyers typically develop a short list of the top ____ suppliers to reduce the work involved in selecting a source. | three to five
# By analyzing stakeholder communications needs, you can avoid wasting time or money on creating or disseminating unnecessary information.| True
# By reviewing the project scope statement, cost, schedule, and communications management plans, enterprise environmental factors, and organizational process assets, project teams can discuss and analyze risk management activities for their particular projects.| True
# By the 	, the U.S. military and its civilian suppliers developed software to assist in managing large projects | 1970s
# By using the PERT weighted average for each activity duration estimate, the total project duration estimate does not account for the risk or uncertainty in the individual activity estimates.| False
# By which means is a contractor able to control costs overruns due to changing requirements? | C. Change control
# Changes are difficult and cumbersome to incorporate with the complex systems used by contractors. What is the reason for this difficulty? | A. The lack of detail available concerning the tasks to be achieved on a project
# Close Procurements is different from Close Project or Phase in that Close Procurements: | Occurs before project closure
# COBOL programmers cannot be of much help on a Java project.| True
# Communicating badly exponentially increases the possibility of making fatal mistakes.| True
# Communication is the key to the succes o a project. As the project manager, ou have three stakeholders with whom ou need to communicate. As scuch, ou have six channels of communication. A new stakeholder has been added that ou also need to communicate with. How many communication channels do you have now? | B. 10
# Communication is the key to the success of a project. As the project manager, you have three stakeholders with whom you need to communicate. As such, you have six channels of communication. A new stakeholder has been added that you also need to communicate with. How many communications channels do you have now? | 10
# Communication skills training usually includes ____________________ activities in which participants learn concepts such as building rapport.| role-playing - role playing
# Communications are often enhanced when the sender ___ the receiver. | Shows concern for the perspective of
# Communications under a contract should tend toward: | Formal written communication
# Companies that excel in project delivery use performance ____________________ to quantify progress.| metrics
# Company A decided to build a website | Intangible benefit tangible cost
# Company procedures require the creation of a lessons learned document.Which of the following is the BEST use of lessons learned? | Historical records for future projects
# Company procedures require the creation of a lessons learned document. | Historical records for future projects
# Company procedures require the creation of a lessons learned document. Which of the following is the BEST use of lessons learned? | Historical records for future projects
# competition for scarre resources make conflict a central issue in organizations, and power improves the ability to botain scarre rescources. which of the following should project managers use to understand the organization in order to be more effective in that issue? | political frame 
# Conflict resolution techniques that may be used on a project include confronting, smoothing, forcing, and: | Withdrawing
# Consideration of ongoing operations and maintenance is crucially important to products of projects. Ongoing operations and maintenance should: | Not be viewed as part of a project. A project is temporary with a definite beginning and end
# Consideration of ongoing operations and maintenance is crucially important to | Not be viewed as part of a project. A project is temporary with a definite beginning and end.
# Consideration of ongoing operations and maintenance is crucially important to products of projects. Ongoing operations and maintenance should: | Not be viewed as part of a project. A project is temporary with a definite beginning and end.
# considers the total cost of ownership | Lifecycle costing
# Consistent communication helps organizations improve project communications, especially for programs composed of multiple projects.| True
# Contents of the procurement management plan will vary with project needs.| True
# Contingency reserves are intended to: | B. Involve cost, schedule or both
# Contingency reserves are used to handle which type of risk? | Known unknowns
# Contingency reserves are used to handle which type of risk? | Known unknowns
# Continuous quality improvement is not a goal of quality assurance.| False
# Control charts are one tool used in the analyze phase of the DMAIC process.| False
# Control project schedule belongs to the ________ PM Process Group. | Monitoring and Controlling
# Control project schedule belongs to the ________ PM Process Group. | Monitoring and Controlling
# Control project schedule belongs to the ________ PM Process Group | Monitoring and Controlling
# Cost budgeting provides information for project funding requirements.| True
# cost performance baseline is an output of | determine budget
# Cost performance measurement is BEST done through which of the following? | Calculating earned value and using the indexes and other calculations to
# Cost performance measurement is BEST done through which of the following? | Calculating earned value and using the indexes and other calculations to report pas performance and forecast future performance.
# Cost risk means | There is a risk that project costs could go higher than planned
# Cost Variance (CV) | Earned Value (EV) - Actual Cost (AC)
# Covey, like Maslow, believes that people have the ability to be ____________________ and choose their responses to different situations.| proactive
# Creating the ____________________ involves subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components.| WBS - work breakdown structure - work breakdown structure (WBS)
# Critical chain scheduling protects tasks on the critical chain from being delayed by using 	, which consist of additional time added before tasks on the critical chain that are preceded by non-critical-path tasks. | feeding buffers
# Databases are a common tool for cost estimating, cost budgeting, and cost control.| False
# Decisions and actions taken in one knowledge area at a certain time rarely affect other knowledge areas.| False
# Define activities and sequence activities belong to the__________PM Process Group. | Planning
# Deflection or transfer of a risk to another party is part of which of the following risk response categories? | A. Mitigation
# Deliverables are only product-related, such as a piece of hardware or software.| False
# DeMarco and Lister found direct correlations between productivity and programming language, years of experience, and salary.| False
# describe what the project team has accomplished during a certain period | Progress reports
# describe where the project stands at a specific point in time | Status reports
# Design of experiments cannot be applied to project management issues such as cost and schedule trade-offs.| False
# Detailed descriptions of work packages are commonly contained in _ | WBS dictionaries 
# Determining the relationships among tasks is not essential in helping to improve project scheduling.| False
# develop project charter work belongs to the __ PM process group | initiating 
# Develop project charter work belongs to the_________ PM Process Group.|Initiating
# Develop project charter work belongs to the_________ PM Process Group. | Initiating
# Developing a(n) ____________________ to share its project management knowledge could help a company reduce internal costs by working more effectively.| intranet
# Different cultures may have different perceptions of work ethic.| True
# Direct and manage project executing belongs to the ...... PM Process Group.|Executing
# Direct and manage project executing belongs to the ...... PM Process Group. | Executing
# Direct and manage project executing belongs to the ...... PM Process Group. | Executing
# Direct and manage project executing belongs to the ......PM Process Group. | Executing
# direct and manage project executing belongs to the ___ PM Process Group | executing
# Direct costs cannot be directly attributed to a certain project.| False
# Directing and managing project execution involves carrying out the project management plan by performing the activities included in it | T
# Directing and managing project execution involves carrying out the project management plan by performing the activities included in it.| True
# DMAIC is used to improve an existing business process.| True
# Do not have a meeting if there is a better way of achieving the objective at hand.| True
# Double declining balance is a form of: | Accelerated depreciation
# Douglas McGregor introduced the following the human relations theories, except|Theory Z
# Duration estimates are often provided as a discrete number, such as four weeks, or as a range, such as three to five weeks, or as a(n) ____________________.| three-point estimate
# Duration only includes the actual amount of time worked on an activity.| False
# During 	 processes for a new project, the organization recognizes that a new project exists, and completes a project charter as part of this recognition | initiating
# During a meeting with some of the project stakeholders, the project manager is asked to add work to the project scope. The project manager had access to correspondence about the project before the project charter was signed and remembers that the project sponsor specifically denied funding for the scope mentioned by these stakeholders. | Tell the stakeholders the scope cannot be added
# During a project team meeting, a team member suggests an enhancement to the scope that is beyond the scope of project charter. | Scope management
# During a project team meeting, a team member suggests an enhancement to the scope that is beyond the scope of the project charter. The project manager points out that the team needs to concentrate on completing all the work and only the work required. This is an example of: | Scope management
# During a project team meeting, a team member suggests an enhancement to the scope that is beyond the scope of project charter. The project manager points out the team needs to concentrate on completing all the work and only the work required. This is an example of ____ | Scope management.
# During a team meeting, the team adds a specific area of extra work to the project because they have determined it would benefit the customer. What is wrong in this situation? | The team is gold plating
# During every project team meeting, the project manager asks each team member to describe the work he or she is doing, and the project manager assigns new activities to team members. The length of these meetings has increased because there are many different activities to assign. This could be happening for all the following reasons EXCEPT: | Lack of resource leveling
# During project executing, a large number of changes are made to the project. The project manager should: | Make approved changes as needed, but retain the schedule baseline
# During project executing, a major problem occurs that was not included in the risk register. What should you do FIRST? | Create a workaround
# During project executing, a project team member informs the project manager that a work package has not met the quality metric, and that she believes it is not possible to meet it. The project manager meets with all parties concerned to analyze the situation. Which part of the quality management process is the project manager involved in? | Perform Quality Control
# During project executing, a team member comes to the project manager because he is not sure of what work he needs to accomplish on the project. Which of the following documents contain detailed descriptions of work packages? | WBS dictionary
# During project executing, a team member comes to the project manager because he is not sure of what work he needs to accomplish on the project. Which of the following documents contain detailed descriptions of work-packages? | WBS dictionary
# During project executing, a team member identifies a risk that is not in the risk register. What should you do? | Analyze the risk
# During project executing, the project manager determines that a change is needed to material purchased for the project. The project manager calls a meeting of the team to plan how to make the change. This is an example of: | Lack of a change management plan
# During project executing, your project team member delivers a project deliverable to the buyer. However, the buyer refuses the deliverable, stating that it does not meet the requirement on page 300 of the technical specifications. You review the document and find that you agree. What is the BEST thing to do? | Review the requirements and meet with the responsible team member to review the WBS dictionary
# During project plan execution | The project manager uses corrective action to bring future performance in line with the project plan 
# During project plan execution: | D. The project manager uses corrective action to bring future performance in line with the project plan.
# During project plan execution: | The project manager uses corrective action to bring future performance in line with the project plan.
# During project plan execution: | The project manager uses corrective action to bring future performance in line with the project plan.
# During project plan execution: | The project manager uses corrective action to bring future performance in line with the project plan.
# During project plan execution:|The project manager uses corrective action to bring future performance in line with the project plan.
# During project planning in a matrix organization, the project manager determines that additional human resources are needed. From whom would he request these resources? | Functional manager
# During project planning, you estimate the time needed for each activity and then add the estimates to create the project estimate. You commit to completing the project by this date. What is wrong with this scenario? | The team did not create the estimate, and a network diagram was not used
# During the Cold War years of the 1950s and ’60s, 	continued to be key in refining several project | the military
# During the completion of project work, the sponsor asks the project manager to report on how the project is going. In order to prepare the report, the project manager asks all the team members what percent complete their work is. There is one team member who has been hard to manage from the beginning. In response to being asked what percent complete he is, the team member asks, "Percent complete of what?" Being tired of such comments, the project manager reports to the team members boss that the team member is not co operating. Which of the following is MOST likely the real problem? | The project manager does not have work packages
# During the completion of the project, a project manager wants to ensure that the quality of the end product is acceptable. The BEST way to do this is by: | checking quality levels against the standards set in the quality plan.
# During the completion of the project, a project manager wants to ensure that the quality of the end product is acceptable. The BEST way to do this is by: | checking quality levels against the standards set in the quality plan.
# During the completion of the project, a project manager wants to ensure that the quality of the end product is acceptable. The BEST way to do this is by: | checking quality levels against the standards set in the quality plan.
# During the first half of the project, five team member left for other projects without being replaced, two team members went on vacation without informing you, and other team members expressed uncertainty about the work they were complete. | Staffing management plan.
# During the first half of the project, five team members left for other projects without being replaced, two team members went on vacation without informing you, and other team members expressed uncertainty about the work they were to complete. In this situation, it is BEST if you create a _____ for the second half of the project. | Staffing management plan
# During the Identify Risks process, a project manager made a long list of risks identified by all the stakeholders using various methods. He then made sure that all the risks were understood and that triggers had been identified. Later, in the Plan Risk Responses process, he took all the risks identified by the stakeholders and determined ways to mitigate them. What has he done wrong? | More people should be involved in the Plan Risk Responses process
# During the middle of the project, things have been going well. The work authorization system has allowed people to know when to start work, and the issue log has helped keep track of stakeholders' needs. The benefit cost ratio has been improving, and the sponsor has expressed his appreciation for the team members' efforts by hosting a milestone party for the team. The project manager gets a call from a team member saying that the results from the completion of their activity's predecessor is two days late. Which of the following reasons would BEST describe why this occurred? | Functional management was not included in the communications management plan
# During the Plan Risk Management process, your team has come up with 434 risks and 16 major causes of those risks. The project is the last of a series of projects that the team has worked on together. The sponsor is very supportive, and a lot of time was invested in making sure the project work was complete and signed off by all key stakeholders. | Accept the risk
# During the planning development process, at times it is necessary to make certain assumptions to enhance the project plan when the data is not available. In regard to making those assumptions, which one of the following is most true for project planning purposes? | 	A. The assumptions will be considered as true, real, or certain.
# During the six month update on a 1 year, $50,000 project, the analysis shows that the PV is $25,000; the EV is $20,000 and the AC is $15,000. What can be determined from these figures? | The project is behind schedule and under cost
# During the six month update on a 1 year, $50,000 project, the analysis shows that the PV is $25,000; the EV is $20,000 and the AC is $15,000. What can be determined from these figures? | The project is behind schedule and under cost.
# During the six month update on a 1 year, $50,000 project, the analysis shows that the PV is $25,000; the EV is $20,000 and the AC is $15,000. What can be determined from these figures? | D. The project is behind schedule and under cost.
# During the six month update on a 1 year, $50,000 project, the analysis shows that the PV is $25,000; the EV is $20,000 and the AC is $15,000. What can be determined from these figures? | The project is behind schedule and under cost.
# During what part of the procurement process does contract negotiation occur? | B. Conduct procurements
# During what part of the procurement process does procurement negotiation occur? | Conduct Procurements
# During what part of the project management process group is the project scope statement created? | Planning
# During what part of the project management process is the project scope statement created? | Planning
# During what Time Management Process are the specific activities that must be performed to produce the deliverables in the WBS identified and documented? | B.Activity Definition 
# During which project management process group are budget forecasts created? | Monitoring and controlling
# During which risk management process is a determination to transfer a risk made? | Plan Risk Responses
# Each of the five project management ____________________ is characterized by the completion of certain tasks.| process groups
# Each project phase is marked by completion of one or more: | C. deliverables
# Each project phase is marked by completion of one or more: | C. deliverables
# Early in the life of your project, you are having a discussion with the sponsor about what estimating techniques should be used. You want a form of expert judgment, but the sponsor argues for analogous estimating. It would be BEST to: | Agree to analogous estimating, as it is a form of expert judgment
# Earned value analysis is an example of | Performance reporting
# Earned value is all of the following except: | A. Actual cost of work performed.
# Earned value is all of the following except: | Actual cost of work performed.
# Earned value is all of the following except: | Actual cost of work performed.
# Earned value is all of the following except: | Actual cost of work performed.
# Effective project integration usually requires an emphasis on | Effective communications at key interface points
# E-mail is always an appropriate medium for all types of communications.| False
# Emotional conflict, which stems from personality clashes and misunderstandings, often depresses team performance.| True
# employees are also more likely to enroll voluntarily in classes on the latest technology than those on developing their soft skills | Individual
# ensures that the descriptions of the project’s products are correct and complete | Configuration management
# Enterprise ____________________ include relevant government or industry standards, the organization’s infrastructure, and marketplace conditions.| environmental factors
# Estimate at completion (EAC) is a periodic evaluation of: | The anticipated total cost at project completion
# Estimate at completion (EAC) is periodic evaluation of: | anticipated total cost at project completion.
# Estimates are usually done at various stages of a project and should become more accurate as time progresses.| True
# Even though many information technology projects are canceled before completion, it is still important to formally close any project and reflect on what can be learned to improve future projects.| True
# Even though many information technology projects can be completed quickly, it is still important to ____________________ them.| prioritize
# Even though the delivery of new hardware may not be in the scope of a project, you should add an external dependency to it.| True
# Every cost estimate is unique.| True
# Every item on the WBS needs to be on the network diagram.| False
# Every project is constrained in different ways by its scope and cost goals; these limitations are sometimes referred to in project management as the double constraint.| False
# Examples of common ____________________ include failure rates of products produced, availability of goods and services, and customer satisfaction ratings.| metrics
# Examples of risk ____________________ include using proven technology, having competent project personnel, using various analysis and validation techniques, and buying maintenance or service agreements from subcontractors.| mitigation
# Expectations can vary based on an organization’s culture or geographic region.| True
# Experienced project managers know it is often best to balance the degree of ____________________ to get good project results.| control
# Experts in source selection highly recommend that buyers use formal proposal ____________________ sheets during source selection.| evaluation
# Experts in source selection recommend that technical criteria should be given more weight than management or cost criteria.| False
# Experts outside the company, including potential suppliers themselves, cannot provide expert judgment.| False
# Extensive use of ___ communication is most likely to aid in solving complex problems. | Written
# External project stakeholders generally include the project sponsor, project team, support staff, and internal customers for the project.| False
# Extrinsic motivation causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment.| False
# Factors such as user involvement, clear business objectives, a minimized or clearly defined scope, and firm basic requirements, are elements of ____________________.| project scope management
# Fast tracking can end up lengthening the project schedule.| True
# Feasibility studies are performed in the ______ process group of the project. | A. Initiating
# Feasibility studies are performed in the ______ process group of the project. | A. Initiating
# Few business and information technology students understand the concepts of systems and performing a systems analysis.| False
# Few organizations develop their own risk questionnaires.| False
# Few organizations use some form of outsourcing to meet their information technology needs.| False
# fill in for project managers in their absence and assist them as needed | Deputy project managers
# Fixed price and incentive type contracts place responsibility for performance and financial risks associated with delay or non-performance on the: | A. Contractor
# Fixed-price contracts are equivalent to: | D. Lump-sum contracts
# Follow-up studies done by the Standish Group showed that the number of failed projects has more than doubled in the past decade.| False
# For many projects, properly ____ some information technology functions can be a great investment. | A outsourcing
# Forcing, as a means to manage conflict: | A. Exerts one's view at the potential expense of another party.
# Formal written correspondence with the customer is required when ___ | The customer requests additional work not covered under contract
# Formal written correspondence with the customer is required when: | The customer requests additional work not covered under contract
# Formal written correspondence with the customer is required when ___ | The customer requests additional work not covered under contract
# found that people were motivated to work mostly by feelings of personal achievement and recognition | Herzberg
# Four people have 	communications channel | 6
# Four project managers are having lunch together and discussing their projects. Most of the time they are just complaining about how hard projects are to manage in their company | Improved project manager control over resources 
# From the project perspective, quality attributes: | Are specific characteristics for which a product is designed and tested
# From the project perspective, quality attributes: | are specific characteristics for which a product is designed and tested.
# From the supplier’s perspective, there is the least risk with a(n) ____ contract.| C CPPC
# Gantt charts, project network diagrams, critical path analysis, crashing, fast tracking, and schedule performance measurements are examples of tools and techniques for ____________________.| time management
# Getting project information to the right people at the right time and in a useful format is not as important as developing the information in the first place.| False
# Given that all projects involve _____________________ that can have negative or positive outcomes, the question is how to decide which projects to pursue and how to identify and manage project risk throughout a project’s life cycle.| uncertainties - uncertainty
# Given the following estimates: Optimistic 3 days, Pessimistic 9 days, and most likely 6 days, What is the PERT weighted average value for this estimation? | D.6.1
# Given the following estimates: Optimistic 3 days, Pessimistic 9 days, and most likely 6 days, what is the PERT weighted average? | 6
# Good 	is very important to project success because it helps improve the accuracy of time, cost, and resource estimates, it defines a baseline for performance measurement and project control, and it aides in communicating clear work responsibilities | scope definition
# Good ____________________ management is critical to providing stakeholder satisfaction.| project integration
# Good project risk management never goes unnoticed.| False
# Group brainstorming encourages all of the following except: | C. Convergent thinking
# Having 	 review and approve all stakeholder communications analysis will ensure that the information is correct and useful | stakeholders
# Having ____ review and approve all stakeholder communications analysis will ensure that the information is correct and useful. | stakeholders
# Help project manager develop a general understanding of the demands a project will make… | Resource loading
# help(s) you identify the vital few contributors that account for most quality problems in a system. | Pareto charts
# helps you develop an accurate projection of a project’s financial costs and benefits | Life cycle costing
# Herzberg called factors that cause job satisfaction ____________________.| motivators
# Hiring managers say interpersonal skills are the least important soft skill for information technology workers.| False
# How close to actual costs should a definitive budget estimate be? | -5 percent to +10 percent
# How close to actual costs should a definitive budget estimate be? | -5 percent to +10 percent
# How close to actual costs should a definitive budget estimate be? | D. -5 percent to +10 percent
# How is a functional organization set up? | A functional organization is grouped by areas of specialization, e.g. accounting, marketing, and manufacturing).
# How is a projectized organization set up? | In a projectized organization, the entire company is organized by projects. Personnel are assigned and report to a project manager.
# Human resource administration is the primary responsibility of the: | B. Human Resources Department
# Human resource administration is the primary responsibility of the: | B. Human Resources Department
# Human resource issues often occur during project execution, especially conflicts.| True
# Human resource management includes 	 processes | 4
# Ideally, the ____________________ would be involved in initiating a project, but often the project manager is selected after many initiation decisions have already been made.| project manager
# If ____________________ for developing a WBS exist, it is very important to follow them.| guidelines
# If a certain resource is overallocated, the project manager can change the schedule to remove resource overallocation.| True
# If a company loses $5 for every $100 in revenue for a certain product, what is the profit margin for that product? | A. -5 percent
# If a company loses $5 for every $100 in revenue for a certain product, what is the profit margin for that product? | A. -5 percent
# If a project has a 60 percent chance of a $100,000 profit and a 40 percent chance of a $100,000 loss, the expected monetary value for the project is: | $20,000 profit
# If a project is halfway completed and its schedule performance index is 110 percent and its cost performance index is 95 percent, how is it progressing? | B. it is ahead of schedule and over budget 
# If a project is halfway completed and its schedule performance index is 110 percent and its cost performance index is 95 percent, how is it progressing? | B. it is ahead of schedule and over budget 
# If a project manager does not submit a potential project in the proper format, it could be rejected.| True
# If a project manager gets sick for two weeks or an important supplier goes out of business, management reserve could be set aside to cover the resulting costs.| True
# If a project manager wants to report on the actual project results vs. planned results, she should use a: | Variance report
# If a risk event has a 90 percent chance of occurring, and the consequences will be $10,000, what does $9,000 represent? | Expected monetary value
# If a risk has a 20 percent chance of happening in a given month, and the project is expected to last five months, what is the probability that this risk event will occur during the fourth month of the project? | 20 percent
# If a SOW is used as part of a contract to describe only the work required for that particular contract, it is called a(n) ____________________ statement of work.| contract
# If companies plan their projects well, they can avoid the need for overtime, or they can make it clear that overtime is optional.| True
# If cost variance is a positive number, it means that performing the work cost more than planned.| False
# If earned value (EV) = 350, actual cost (AC) = 400, planned value (PV) = 325, what is cost variance (CV)? | -50
# If earned value (EV) = 450, actual cost (AC) = 400, planned value (PV)=425, what is cost variance (CV)? | 50
# If estimates for total discounted benefits for a project are $120,000 and total discounted costs are $100,000, what is the estimated return on investment (ROI)? | 20 percent
# If estimates for total discounted benefits for a project are $130,000 and total discounted costs are $100,000, what is the estimated return on investment (ROI)? | 30 percent
# If estimates for total discounted benefits for a project are $130,000 and total discounted costs are $100,000, what is the estimated return on investment (ROI)? | 30 percent
# If estimates for total discounted benefits for a project are $320,000 and total discounted costs are $200,000, what is the estimated return on investment (ROI)?|60 percent
# If estimates for total discounted benefits for a project are $320,000 and total discounted costs are $200,000, what is the estimated return on investment (ROI)? | 60 percent
# If organizations want to be successful at implementing information technology projects, they need to understand the importance of project ____________________ and take actions to make effective use of people.| human resource management
# If products are accepted, they are considered to be validated deliverables.| True
# If project managers have functional management commitment, they will also have adequate resources and not be distracted by events that do not affect their specific projects.| False
# If project managers lead projects in isolation, it is unlikely that those projects will ever truly serve the needs of the organization.| True
# If project time and cost are not as important as the number of resources used each month, which of the following is the BEST thing to do? | Perform resource leveling
# If the actual cost for a WBS item is $1500 and its earned value was $2000, what is its cost variance, and is it under or over budget? | D. the cost variance is $500, which is under budget
# If the actual cost for a WBS item is $1500 and its earned value was $2000, what is its cost variance, and is it under or over budget? | D. the cost variance is $500, which is under budget
# If the cost estimate will be the basis for contract awards and performance reporting, it should be a and as accurate as possible | definitive estimate
# If the cost performance index is less than one or less than 100 percent, the project is under budget.| False
# If the optimistic estimate for an activity is 12 days, and the pessimistic estimate is 18 days, what is the standard deviation of this activity? | 1
# If the optimistic estimate for an activity is 14 days, the most likely estimate is 15 days, and the pessimistic estimate is 19 days, what should the duration of this activity? | 15.5 days
# If the optimistic time estimate for an activity is 8 days, most likely time is 10 days, and pessimistic time is 24 days. What is PERT | 12
# If the optimistic time estimate for an activity is 8 days, most likely time is 10 days, and pessimistic time is 24 days. What is PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) weighted average of this activity? | 12
# If there is no need to buy any products or services from outside the organization, then there is no need to perform any of the other procurement management processes.| True
# If you add three more people to a project team of five, how many more communications channels will you add? | 18
# If you add three more people to a project team of five, how many more communications channels will you add? | D. 18
# If you want some time-based flow for the work, you can create a WBS using the project management process groups of initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing as Level 2 in the WBS.| True
# If your college or university want to get information | RFQ
# If your college or university wanted to get information from potential sellers for providing a new sports stadium, what type of document would they require of the potential sellers? | Proposal
# If your college or university wanted to get information from potential sellers for providing a new sports stadium, what type of document would they require of the potential sellers? | Proposal
# If your college or university wanted to get information from potential sellers for providing a new sports stadium, what type of document would they require of the potential sellers? | Proposal
# If your college or university wanted to get information from potential sellers for providing a new sports stadium, what type of document would they require of the potential sellers? | C. Proposal
# If your college or university wanted to get information from potential sellers for providing a new sports stadium, what type of document would they require of the potential sellers? | C. Proposal
# If your college or university wanted to get information from potential sellers for providing a new sports stadium, what type of document would they require of the potential sellers? | Proposal
# Important tools used in the 	 phase of the DMAIC process include a project charter, a description of customer requirements, process maps, and Voice of the Customer (VOC) data. | define
# In 	, Henry Gantt developed the famous Gantt chart as a tool for scheduling work in factories | 1917
# In a 	 matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority. | strong
# In a 	 relationship, one task cannot finish before another finishes. | finish-to-finish 
# In a 	 relationship, the “from” activity cannot start until the “to” activity is started. | start-to-start
# In a 	 relationship, the “from” activity must finish before the “to” activity can start. | finish-to-start
# In a 	, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers | matrix organizational structure
# In a 	, program managers report to the CEO | nructure
# In a ____ relationship, one task cannot finish before another finishes. | finish-to-finish
# In a ____, program managers report to the CEO. | project organizational structure
# In a fixed price (FP) contract, the fee or profit is: | Unknown
# In a Gantt chart created in Microsoft Project, a black diamond symbol represents a milestone.| True
# In a network diagram, a(n) ____________________ is simply the starting and ending point of an activity.| node
# In a Pareto chart, the variables described by the histogram are ordered chronologically.| False
# In a program or project plan, there are always revisions to account for new or missing datA. Which one of the following provides the best reason for performing a revision of the plan? | B. Project tasks are crashed to meet their end dates
# In a program or project plan, there are always revisions to account for new or missing datA. Which one of the following provides the best reason for performing a revision of the plan? | B. Project tasks are crashed to meet their end dates
# In a project that has never been done before, the PM must select one or more methods of estimating task duration. What is the most reliable method under this described situation? | B. Expert judgement
# In a project that has never been done before, the PM must select one or more methods of estimating task duration. What is the most reliable method under this described situation? | B. Expert judgement
# In a project that has never been done before, the PM must select one or more methods of estimating task duration. What is the most reliable method under this described situation? | B. Expert judgement
# In a projectized organization the project team: | will not always have a “home”
# In a projectized organization, the project team: | Will not always have a 'home'
# In a projectized organization, the project team: | Will not always have a 'home' 
# In a projectized organization, the project team: | Will not always have a 'home'
# In a risk breakdown structure, competitors, suppliers, and cash flow are categories that fall under ____ risk.| A business
# In a weighted scoring model, the sum of all of the criteria’s weights must total 	 percent. | 100
# In a(n) ____________________ organizational structure, project managers have little or no authority.| functional
# In a(n) ____________________ relationship, the “from” activity must start before the “to” activity can be finished.| start-to-finish
# In addition to progress reports, an important tool for monitoring and controlling a project is using project management software.| True
# In addition to providing input for budgetary estimates, cost budgeting provides a(n) ____________________.| cost baseline
# In an earned value chart, when the actual cost line is right on or above the earned value line, costs are less than or equal to planned.| False
# In an interview with two chief information officers (CIOs), both men agreed that the most important project management skills seem to depend on ____. | the uniqueness of the project and the people involved
# In an interview with two chief information officers (CIOs), both men agreed that the most important project management skills seem to depend on 	_. | the uniqueness of the project and the people 
# In any normal distribution, 	 percent of the population is within three standard deviations of the mean. | 99.7
# In attempting to complete the project faster, the project manager looks at the cost associated with crashing each activity. The BEST approach to crashing would also indude looking at the: | Risk impact of crashing each activity
# In Balanced Matrix Organization Structure type, .... will control the project budget. | In Balanced Matrix Organization Structure type, .... will control the project budget. | Mixed (Functional manager and PM)
# In Balanced Matrix Organization Structure type, .... will control the project budget. | Mixed (Functional manager and PM)
# In Balanced Matrix Organization Structure type, ....will control the project budget. | Mixed (Functional manager and PM)
# In communications management, to assimilate through the mind or senses is the process of: | A. Receiving
# In crashing the schedule, you would focus on: | C.Accelerating the performance of tasks on the critical path 
# In development of the project plan, which of the following elements should be included to reduce project risk? | C. Mitigation plans
# In development of the project plan, which of the following elements should be included to reduce project risk? | C. Mitigation plans
# In early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually 	and the level of uncertainty is | lowest; highest
# In early phases of a traditional project life cycle, resource needs are usually ____ and the level of uncertainty is ____.|lowest, highest
# In early phases of a traditional project life cycle, resource needs are usually ____ and the level of uncertainty is ____. | lowest, highest
# In general, ____________________ numbers for cost and schedule variance indicate problems in those areas.| negative
# In general, for which phase is risk and uncertainty maximum? | A. Initial phase
# In general, for which phase is risk and uncertainty minimum? | Final phase
# In general, for which phase is risk and uncertainty minimum? | Final phase
# In general, for which phase is risk and uncertainty minimum? | Final phase
# In many application areas, configuration management is a subset of the change control system and is used to ensure that the description of the project's product is _______ and _______. | A. correct and complete
# In many organizations, project managers also support an emerging business strategy of project portfolio management. Portfolio management addresses question like_____.|Are we working on the right projects?
# In many organizations, project managers also support an emerging business strategy of project portfolio management. Portfolio management addresses question like_____. | Are we working on the right projects?
# In negotiating with functional department managers, project managers often find themselves using what two-party conflict management approach? | C. Lose-Lose
# In planning your project, which would generally have the highest priority: quality, cost, or schedule? | It should be decided for each project
# In practice, many people find that using a combination or hybrid approach involving analogous, bottom up, and/or parametric modeling provides the best ____________________.| cost estimates
# In scope management, decomposition involves: | A. Subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller and more manageable components.
# In scope management, decomposition involves: | A. Subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller and more manageable components.
# In the 	 phase, the project team creates a definitive or very accurate cost estimate, delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders | implementation
# In the 	 phase, the project team creates more detailed project plans, a more accurate cost estimate, and a more thorough WBS | development
# In the 	 stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations define project scope, benefits, and constraints | Project Planning
# In the 	 stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations select information technology projects | Resource Allocation
# In the 	 stage, organizations tie information technology strategy to mission and vision of organization and identify key business areas | Information Technology Strategy Planning
# In the 	, you use a similar project’s WBS as a starting point | analogy approach
# In the ___, leadership, people skills, having vision and goals, self confidence, expectations management, and listening skills were most important | very novel projects 
# In the ____ phase, the project team creates a definitive or very accurate cost estimate, delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders. | implementation
# In the ____ stage, organizations tie information technology strategy to mission and vision of organization and identify key business areas. | Information Technology Strategy Planning
# In the ____________________ approach, team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible.| bottom-up
# In the ____________________ phase, there should be some sort of customer acceptance of the entire project.| close-out - closeout
# In the activity definition process, the project team should review the ____________________ and activity attributes with project stakeholders before moving on to the next step in project time management.| activity list
# In the example of building a new house, the support staff would provide the wood, windows, flooring materials, appliances, and so on.| False
# In the example of the project of building a house, the __ would normally be the general contractor responsible for building the house. | project manager
# In the integration management process, the project plan development uses the outputs of the other planning processes to create a consistent, coherent document that can be used to guide both project ________ and project __________. | A. Execution, control
# In the long-term view, it is better to have a huge success on an unimportant project than to have a moderate success on an important project.| False
# In the mathematical formula for determining the NPV, the variable n is 	 | the last year of the cash flow
# In the Tuckman model, 	 occurs as team members have different opinions as to how the team should operate | storming
# In the Tuckman model, 	 occurs when the emphasis is on reaching the team goals, rather than working on team process | performing
# In the WBS, the main groupings for the work are listed in Level | 2
# In the WBS, the name of the entire project is the top box, called Level | 1
# In TQC, product quality is less important than production rates, and workers are not allowed to stop production whenever a quality problem occurs.| False
# In which of the following phases, can we develop a definitive cost estimate?|Implementation
# In which of the following phases, can we develop a definitive cost estimate? | implementation 
# In which of the following phases, can we develop a definitive cost estimate? | Implementation
# In which of the following phases, do we have to develop a Work Breakdown Structure at level +3 at least?|Development
# In which of the following phases, do we have to develop a Work Breakdown Structure at level +3 at least? | development
# In which of the following theory, McGregor assumes individuals consider work as natural as play or rest and enjoy the statisfaction of esteem|Theory Y
# In which of the following, project managers' risk management skills are more important? | high uncertainty project 
# In which organization are the project manager's independence and authority weakest? | Functional organization
# In which organization are the project manager's independence and authority weakest? | Functional organization
# In which organization are the project manager's independence and authority weakest? | A. Functional organization
# In which organization are the project manager's independence and authority weakest? | Functional organization
# In which phases of a project life cycle, the level of uncertainty (risk) is highest? | A. Early phases
# In which process group do we examine the alternative ways of accomplishing project objectives? | A. Initiating
# In which process group do we examine the alternative ways of accomplishing project objectives? | A. Initiating
# In which process group do we identify human and non-human resources required for a project?|Initiating
# In which process group do we identify human and non-human resources required for a project? | Initiating
# In which process group do we identify human and non-human resources required for a project? | Initiating
# In which process group do we transfer resources to other systems? | D. Closing
# In which project management process group is the detailed project budget created? | Planning
# In which project procurement management process is an RFQ often written? | planning procurements
# In which project procurement management process is an RFQ often written? | planning procurements
# In which project procurement management process is an RFQ often written? | A. planning procurements
# In which project procurement management process is an RFQ often written? | planning procurements
# In... ... .... Organization structure type, project manager has "Moderate to high" authority | Strong Matrix
# In... … …. Organization structure type, project manager has "Moderate to high" authority | Projectized
# In... … …. Organization structure type, project manager has "Moderate to high" authority | Projectized
# Inadequate planning, poor resource allocation, poor integration management, and lack of post-project review are risk conditions associated with the ____________________ project management knowledge area.| integration
# includes the processes required to ensure that a project team completes a project within an approved budget | Project cost management
# Increasing the project manager’s authority is a strategy for mitigating technical and cost risks.| True
# Individual work styles and cultural differences may cause schedule conflicts.| True
# Information from the project charter provides a basis for further defining the project scope.| True
# Information regarding the content of essential project communications comes from the | communications management plan
# Information systems can help an organization support a strategy of being a low-cost producer | T
# Information systems can help an organization support a strategy of being a low-cost producer.| True
# Information systems must support the firm’s business goals, such as developing its own intranet site applications.| False
# Information technology is usually a support function in an organization.| True
# Information technology project managers need to be able to present and discuss project information in ____________________ terms as well as in technical terms.| financial
# Initiating and closing tasks are usually the longest and require the most amount of resources and time.| False
# Initiating involves developing a project charter, which is part of the project ______ management knowledge area. | integration
# Initiating processes are not required to end a project.| False
# Initiating processes take place during each phase of a project.| True
# Instead of knowing the people working on their projects and developing a trusting relationship with them, many colleagues and managers should want to focus on getting information by reading technical documents.| False
# Integration is done by the | Project manager
# Integration is done by the: | Project manager
# Integration testing replaces the other forms of testing with a single comprehensive test.| False
# involve estimating individual work items or activities and summing them to get a project total | Bottom-up 
# involves allocating the overall cost estimate to individual work items to establish a baseline for measuring performance | Determining the budget
# involves analyzing activity sequences, activity resource estimates, and activity duration estimates to create the project schedule | Developing the schedule
# involves collecting and disseminating performance information, including status reports, progress measurement, and forecasting | Reporting performance
# involves determining the information and communications needs of the stakeholders | Planning communication
# involves developing an approximation or estimate of the costs of the resources needed to complete a project | Estimating costs
# involves doing activities in parallel that you would normally do in sequence | Fast
# involves formalizing acceptance of the project deliverables and during this phase the key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project, inspect and then formally accept the deliverables during this process. | Verifying scope
# involves identifying and documenting project roles, responsibilities, and reporting relationships | Developing the human resource plan
# involves identifying the specific activities that the project team members and stakeholders must perform to produce the project deliverables. | Defining activities
# involves making needed information available to project stakeholders in a timely manner | Distributing information
# involves monitoring specific project results to ensure that they comply with the relevant quality standards while identifying ways to improve overall quality | Performing quality control
# involves using incentives to induce people to do things | Reward power
# involves using punishment, threats, or other negative approaches to get people to do things they do not want to do. | Reward power
# is a technique for resolving resource conflicts by delaying tasks | Resource leveling
# is based on an individual’s personal charisma. | Referent power
# is best known for distinguishing between motivational factors and hygiene factors when considering motivation in work settings | Frederick Herzberg
# is getting the right information to the right people at the right time and in a useful|Distribute information
# is the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under normal conditions | Reliability
# is the amount of time an activity can be delayed from its early start without delaying the planned project finish date | Total slack
# is the cost of evaluating processes and their outputs to ensure that a project is error-free or within an acceptable error range. | Appraisal cost
# is the earned value minus the planned value | SV
# is the ratio of revenues to profits | Profit margin
# ISO 9000 provides minimum requirements needed for an organization to meet its quality certification standards.| True
# issues cause the most conflicts over the project life cycle. | Schedule
# It estimates for total discounted benefits for a project are $120,000 and total discounted costs are $100,000, what is the estimated return on investment (ROI)? | C. 20 percent
# It estimates for total discounted benefits for a project are $120,000 and total discounted costs are $100,000, what is the estimated return on investment (ROI)? | C. 20 percent
# It is always less effective to hire skilled consultants to perform specific tasks for a short period of time than to hire or keep employees on staff full time.| False
# It is common to find someone with a natural ability for both communication and technical skills.| False
# It is customary to have contract negotiations during the source selection process.| True
# It is easy to create a good WBS.| False
# It is good practice to focus on the 	 of meetings | 65
# It is good practice to lay the groundwork for a project after it officially starts.| False
# It is helpful to analyze the total dollar value as well as the percentage of the total amount for each major ____________________ category.| WBS - work breakdown structure - work breakdown structure (WBS)
# It is important that the people who help determine what resources are necessary include people who have experience and expertise in similar projects and with the organization performing the project.| True
# It is important to clarify what functions and features the system must perform, and what functions and features are optional.| True
# It is important to put information in context, especially if it is ____________________ news.| bad
# It is important to use appropriate words in a contract SOW such as may instead of must.| False
# It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during earlier phases.| False
# It is not good practice to include time for informal meetings with customers to help develop relationships and provide staff to assist in relationship management.| False
# It is not important to document any changes in technical specifications that might affect product performance.| False
# It is not necessary to complete all of the activities on the network diagram in order for the project to finish.| False
# It is rare for technical specialists or project managers to remain with the same company for a long time.| True
# It is the middle of the project when the project manager is informed by her scheduler that the project control limits are secure. That same morning she receives a note from a team member about a problem he is having. The note says, "This activity is driving me crazy and the manager of the accounting department won't help me until the activity's float is in jeopardy." In addition, the project manager has e-mails from a minor stakeholder and 14 e-mails from team members. | Add the implemented corrective action to the historical records, discuss the value of documentation at the next team meeting, and smooth the team member with the accounting department problem
# It is uncommon for people to identify problems or opportunities without really understanding them.| False
# It only takes one activity to complete a milestone.| False
# It takes 	 to help improve | leadership
# It took only 	 years for 50 million people to use the Internet compared to 25 years for 50 million people to use telephones | five
# It’s important for the team to ____________________ assumptions they made when developing the cost baseline and have several experts review it.| document
# Juran’s final step to quality improvement is | maintain momentum by making annual improvement part of the regular systems and processes of the company 
# Just as passing the CPA exam is a standard for accountants, passing the 	 exam is becoming a standard for project managers | PMP
# Key inputs for preparing the project scope statement include the ____________________, requirements documentation, and organizational process assets such as policies and procedures related to scope statements as well as project files and lessons learned from previous, similar projects.| project charter
# Key outcomes of the executing process group are formal acceptance of the work and creation of closing documents.| False
# Key outputs of 	 process are project staff assignments, resource calendars, and project management plan updates | acquiring the project team
# KLCI Research Group’s 2001 survey revealed that ____ percent identified anticipating and avoiding problems as the primary benefit of risk management.| B80
# KLCI Research Group’s 2001 survey revealed that ____ percent of the participants said they had procedures in place to identify and assess risk.| C 97
# KLCI Research Group’s 2001 survey revealed that ____ percent of the organizations surveyed had a Project Management Office.| A 64
# KLCI Research Group’s 2001 survey revealed that the most frequently cited benefit from software risk management practices is to ____. | D anticipate/avoid problems
# Lack of consultation with key stakeholders can cause risk of | Communication
# Lack of user input leads to problems with managing scope creep and controlling change.| True
# Lag means: | Waiting time
# Lead times for purchases and acquisitions should not be included in a procurement management plan.| False
# Learning curve theory does not apply to the amount of time it takes to complete some tasks.| False
# Legitimate power involves using personal knowledge and expertise to get people to change their behavior.| False
# Legitimate power is: | A. Power derived from a person's formal position in the organization.
# Lessons learned are BEST completed by: | D. Stakeholders
# Lessons learned are BEST completed by: | The stakeholders
# Life-cycle costs are the total costs: | A. To the organization for the ownership and acquisition of the project over its full life. 
# Linear programming is an example of what type of project selection criteria? | Constrained optimization
# Make-or-buy analysis involves estimating the internal costs of providing a product or service and comparing that estimate to the cost of outsourcing.| True
# Management by objectives works only if: | the project includes the objectives in the project charter.
# Management reserves are used to handle which type of risk? | A. Unknown unknowns
# Management reviews, called phase exits or ____________________, are very important for keeping projects on track and determining if they should be continued, redirected, or terminated.| kill points
# Managers like to see progress made on projects approximately each ____________________.| month
# Managers often cite cost issues during the end phase of a project as one of their biggest challenges and the main cause of conflict.| False
# Managers who believe in McGregor’s ____________________ assume that individuals do not inherently dislike work, but consider it as natural as play or rest.| Theory Y
# Managing the triple constraint involves making trade-offs between scope, time, and cost goals for a project.| True
# Many companies are realizing that they can use offshore outsourcing and create more jobs at home.| True
# Many experts agree that the greatest threat to the success of any project, especially information technology projects, is a failure to ____________________.| communicate
# Many experts believe that the difference between good project managers and excellent project managers is their ability to nurture relationships and use empathic ____________________ skills.| listening
# Many highly qualified information technology workers lost their jobs in the past few years.| True
# Many information systems are classified as “____________________” because they directly support key business strategies.| strategic
# Many information technology professionals work on ____________________ projects where they never meet their project sponsors, other team members, or other project stakeholders.| virtual
# Many information technology projects also require detailed functional and design specifications for developing software, which also should be referenced in the detailed scope statement.| True
# Many information technology projects are failures in terms of meeting scope, time, and cost projections.| True
# Many of the project management processes occur as part of the ____________________ process group.| planning
# Many of the theories and concepts of project management are difficult to understand.| False
# Many organizations are now using enterprise or project 	 management software to help manage projects | portfolio
# Many organizations assert that using project management provides advantages, such as | lower costs
# Many organizations have found that large information technology projects require experienced general managers who understand the business and application area of the technology, not the technology itself. | T
# Many organizations have found that large information technology projects require experienced general managers who understand the business and application area of the technology, not the technology itself.| True
# Many organizations now collect and control an entire suite of projects or investments as one set of interrelated activities in one place, called a(n) ____________________.| portfolio
# Many organizations provide guidelines and templates for developing WBSs.| True
# Many organizations rely on effective ____________________ (NPD) to increase growth and profitability.| new product development
# Many organizations use ____ and templates to generate SOWs. | D samples
# Many organizations use samples and ____________________ to generate SOWs.| templates
# Many people are familiar with SWOT analysis—analyzing Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats—which is used to aid in | strategic planning
# Many people cite research that says in a face-to-face interaction, 	 percent of communication is through body language | 58
# Many people confuse tasks on a WBS with | specification
# Many people consider project integration management the key to overall project success | T
# Many people consider project integration management the key to overall project success.| True
# Many people still use basic productivity software, such as Microsoft Word or Excel, to perform many project management functions.| True
# Many people use ____ to have a standard format for preparing various project management documents. | templates
# Many practitioners define project success as | satisfying the customer/sponsor
# Many private companies use the term procurement instead of purchasing.| False
# Many problems and directives must be resolved quickly | T
# Many problems and directives must be resolved quickly.| True
# Many professionals use ____________________ to help make several common business decisions, such as determining break-even points based on different assumptions.| sensitivity analysis
# Many project management software programs come with ____________________ or sample files.| templates
# Many project managers keep a(n) ____________________ to document, monitor, and track issues that need to be resolved for the project team to work effectively.| issue log
# Many projects fail because of unclear requirements and expectations, so starting with a project charter makes a lot of sense. | F
# Many projects fail because of unclear requirements and expectations, so starting with a project charter makes a lot of sense.| False
# Many projects have each team member prepare a monthly or sometimes weekly progress report.| True
# Many projects that are started never finish because of cost management problems.| True
# Many projects, especially in information technology, have very unrealistic schedule expectations.| True
# Many projects, particularly information technology projects, do not have good planning information, so tracking performance against a plan might produce misleading information.| True
# Many quality experts believe the main cause of quality problems is the lack of leadership.| True
# Many studies define project success as meeting project scope, time, and ____________________ goals.| cost
# Many users prefer 	 to learn how to use a new system | face-to-face meetings
# Many WBSs include a section for project communications to ensure that reporting key information is a project deliverable.| True
# Maslow suggests that each level of the hierarchy of needs is not necessarily a prerequisite for the levels above.| False
# Maslow’s hierarchy of needs states that people’s behaviors are guided or motivated by a sequence of needs.| True
# McGregor assumes individuals consider to work as natural as play | a. Theory Y
# Michael is the project manager of the 98GH Project. This project requires several members of the project team to complete a certification class for another project the week of November 2. | External dependencies
# Michael is the project manager of the 98GH Project. This project requires several members of the project team to complete a certification class for another project the week of November 2. This class causes some of the project activities on Michael's activities to be delayed from his target schedule. This is an example of which of the following? | External dependencies
# Michael is the project manager of the 98GH Project. This project requires several members of the project team to complete a certification class for another project the week of November 2. This class causes some of the project activities on Michael's activities to be delayed from his target schedule. This is an example of which of the following? | External dependencies
# Mind mapping allows people to write and even draw pictures of ideas in a nonlinear format.| True
# Minimizing defects does not matter if an organization is making a product that no one wants to buy.| True
# Modern quality management requires customer satisfaction, prefers prevention to inspection, and recognizes management responsibility for quality.| True
# Monitoring and controlling processes overlap all of the other project management process groups.| True
# Monitoring cost expended to date in order to detect variances from the plan occurs during: | Product performance reviews
# Monte Carlo analysis is used to: | Get an indication of the risk involved in the project
# More than ____________________ million people regard project management as their profession.| 16
# Most colleges and universities have very strong functional organizations.| True
# Most educational systems for information technology graduates promote strong technical skills over strong communication and social skills.| True
# Most information technology products can reach 100 percent reliability.| False
# Most IT projects involve a major amount of software development.| False
# Most managers are unfamiliar with any forms of scheduling.| False
# Most organizations have a well-established process for preparing budgets.| True
# Most people agree that the modern concept of project management began with the 	. | Manhattan
# Most people simply accept poor quality from many information technology products.| True
# Most people view offshore outsourcing as being good.| False
# Most project managers agree that managing human resources effectively is one of the toughest challenges they face.| True
# Most projects have one path through a network diagram.| False
# Most schedule simulations are based on some form of which of the following? | C. CPM 
# Most systems analysts begin their careers as | programmers
# Most trade schools, colleges, and universities did not start offering degrees in computer technology, computer science, management information systems, or other information technology areas until the | 1970s
# ne of PERT’s main disadvantages is that it involves more work than CPM.| True
# Negative and positive risks should always be included in the same probability/impact matrix or chart.| False
# Negative risk management is like investing in opportunities.| False
# Negotiations between two parties are becoming complex, so party A makes some notes that both parties sign. However, when the work is being done, party B claims that they are not required to provide an item they both agreed toduring negotiations, because it was not included in the subsequent contract. In this case, party B is: | Generally correct, because both parties are only required to perform what is in the contract
# Net present value and cash flow mean the same thing. | F
# Net present value and cash flow mean the same thing.| False
# Network diagrams are the preferred technique for showing activity discretionary dependencies.| False
# New software makes basic tools, such as Gantt charts and network diagrams, inexpensive, easy to create, and available for anyone to update.| True
# NOT a main topic included in communication plan | Risks and issues management methodologies
# NOT a preferred section in communication plan | Training activities
# NOT part of project human resource management | Resource estimating
# Not understanding how to communicate effectively with other cultures and people of diverse backgrounds hurts projects and businesses.| True
# occur when two or more activities follow a single node | Burst
# Of the following constraints, it is most difficult to describe, agree upon, and meet the 	 goal of many projects | scope
# Of the following, which one is not a typical activity of a project manager? | C. Milestone completion
# Of the following, which one is the best example of progressive elaboration? | It is the process of identifying the business needs of a potential project.
# Often, many non-technical professionals—from colleagues to managers—prefer to ____ about project information to try to find pertinent information. | have a two-way conversation
# Often, many non-technical professionals—from colleagues to managers—prefer to 	 about project information to try to find pertinent information | have a two-way 
# On a network diagram, all arrowheads should face toward the | right
# On large projects, many project managers say that 	 percent of the job is communicating and managing changes | 90
# Once signed, a contract is legally binding unless: | It is in violation of applicable law
# One attribute that helps define a project is that a project has a unique purpose.| True
# One common way to compute estimate at completion (EAC) is to take the budget at completion (BAC) and: | Divide by CPI
# One common way to compute estimate at completion (EAC) is to take the budget at completion (BAC) and: | divide by CPI
# One innovative approach to hiring and retaining information technology staff is to offer existing employees incentives for helping recruit and retain personnel.| True
# One method for selecting projects based on 	is to determine whether they first meet three important criteria: need, funding, and will | broad organizational needs
# One method for selecting projects based on ____ is to determine whether they first meet three important criteria: need, funding, and will. | broad organizational needs
# One of 	 14 Points for Management states that an organization should cease dependence on inspection to achieve quality | Deming’s
# One of 	 ten steps states that an organization should build awareness of the need and opportunity for improvement | Juran’s
# One of the first reality checks on scheduling that a project manager should make is to review the ____________________ usually included in the project charter.| draft schedule
# One of the initial project documents, issued by senior management, which outlines the authority of the project manager, is called Project charter. As a seller, what other document can be used in this place: | C. Contract
# One of the stakeholders on the project contacts the project manager to discuss some additional scope they would like to add to the project. The project manager asks for details in writing and then works through the Control Scope process. What should the project manager do NEXT when the evaluation of the requested scope is complete? | Complete integrated change control
# One of your team members informs you that he does not know which of the many projects he is working on is the most important. | The project management office
# One of your team members informs you that he does not know which of the | The project management office
# One of your team members informs you that he does not know which of the many projects he is working on is the most important. Who should determine the priorities among projects in a company? | The project management office
# One reason project managers need good ____________________ skills is that to understand, navigate, and meet stakeholders’ needs and expectations, they need to lead, communicate, negotiate, solve problems, and influence the organization at large.| soft
# Only after meeting ____________________ needs can individuals act upon growth needs.| deficiency
# Only in-house auditors can perform quality audits.| False
# Operational work is different from project work in that it is: | On-going and repetitive
# Operations and Maintenance efforts should: | B. Be treated as part of the project's life cycle
# Operations and Maintenance efforts should: | B. Be treated as part of the project's life cycle
# Opportunities and directives are essentially the same | F
# Opportunities and directives are essentially the same thing.| False
# Organizational issues are often the least difficult part of working on and managing projects.| False
# Organizational policies related to quality, the particular project’s scope statement and product descriptions, and related standards and regulations are all important input to the quality assurance process.| False
# Organizations have a history of spending too much money in the early phases of information technology projects.| False
# Outputs from 	 include performance measurements, organizational process assets updates, change requests, project management plan updates, and project document updates | controlling the schedule
# Outputs from ____ include performance measurements, organizational process assets updates, change requests, project management plan updates, and project document updates. | controlling the schedule
# Outputs of ____________________  include activity duration estimates and project documentation updates.| estimating activity durations
# Outputs of the Plan Risk Responses process include: | Residual risks, fallback plans, and contingency reserves
# Outputs to the ____ process include selected sellers, procurement contract awards, resource calendars, change requests, and updates to the project management plan and other project documents. | B Conducting procurement
# Parametric cost estimating involves: | B. Using rates and factors based on historical experience to estimate costs. 
# Parametric cost estimating involves: | Using rates and factors based on historical experience to estimate costs.
# Parametric cost estimating involves: | Using rates and factors based on historical experience to estimate costs. 
# Parametric cost estimating involves: | Using rates and factors based on historical experience to estimate costs. 
# Parametric models are least reliable when historical information was used to create the model.| False
# Pareto charts help project manager _____ | Focus on most critical issues to improve quality.
# Pareto charts help project manager _____ | Focus on most critical issues to improve quality.
# Pareto charts help the project manager: | Focus on the most critical issues to improve quality
# Pareto charts helps the project manager: | focus on the most critical issues to improve quality.
# Payback period is the amount of time it will take to recoup, in the form of net cash inflows, the total dollars invested in a project. | T
# Payback period is the amount of time it will take to recoup, in the form of net cash inflows, the total dollars invested in a project.| True
# People have a tendency to want to report bad information.| False
# People who believe in 	assume that the average worker wants to be directed and prefers to avoid responsibility. | Theory X
# People who believe in Theory Y assume that workers dislike and avoid work if possible, so managers must use coercion, threats, and various control schemes to get workers to make adequate efforts to meet objectives.| False
# People who need institutional power or social power want to organize others to further the goals of the organization.| True
# People who need personal 	 want to direct others and can be seen as bossy | power
# People with a high need for 	 desire harmonious relationships with other people and need to feel accepted by others | affiliation
# People with a high need for ____ seek to excel and tend to avoid both low-risk and high-risk situations to improve their chances for achieving something worthwhile. | achievement
# Perform quality assurance belong to the ________ PM Process Group. | Executing
# Performing ____________________ involves periodically evaluating overall project performance to ensure that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards.| quality assurance
# Performing _________________________ involves monitoring specific project results to ensure that they comply with the relevant quality standards while identifying ways to improve overall quality.| quality control
# Personnel in a ____ organizational structure often report to two or more bosses. | matrix
# Personnel in a _____________ organization structure often report to two or more bosses | Matrix
# Personnel in a _____________ organization structure often report to two or more bosses | Matrix
# Personnel in a _____________ organization structure often report to two or more bosses | Matrix
# Planning the project includes work required to introduce any new hardware, software, and procedures into normal operations.| True
# PMI provides certification as a Project Management 	 (PMP), someone who has documented sufficient project experience and education, agreed to follow the PMI code of professional conduct, and demonstrated knowledge of the field of project management by passing a comprehensive examination. | Professional
# PMI uses the term “___________________” to describe each level of work in the WBS.| task
# PMI’s OPM3 is an example of a model or framework for helping organizations improve their processes and systems. | C. maturity
# Poor conflict management, poor project organization and definition of responsibilities, and absence of leadership are risk conditions associated with the ____ project management knowledge area.| D Human Resources
# Potential risks can only be identified early in a project.| False
# Predecessors, successors, logical relationships, leads and lags, resource requirements, constraints, imposed dates, and assumptions are all examples of __________ | D. activity attributes
# Predecessors, successors, logical relationships, leads and lags, resource requirements, constraints, imposed dates, and assumptions are all examples of __________ | D. activity attributes
# predict future project status and progress based on past information and trends | Forecasts
# Preparing cost estimates is a job for accountants.| False
# Program managers are not responsible for coordinating the efforts of project teams, functional groups, suppliers, and operations staff.| False
# Project 	 management ensures that the project will satisfy the stated or implied needs for which it was undertaken. | quality
# Project 	 management involves generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information | communication
# Project 	 management is an overarching function that affects and is affected by all of the other knowledge areas. | integration
# Project 	 management is concerned with making effective use of the people involved with the project. | human
# Project __management involves defining and managing all the work required to complete the project successfully | scope
# Project A has an internal rate of return (IRR) of 21 percent. Project B has an IRR of 7 percent. Project C has an IRR of 31 percent. Project D has an IRR of 19 percent. | Project C
# Project Cost Management includes all of the following except: | Resource leveling
# Project Cost Management includes all of the following except: | Resource leveling
# Project Cost Management includes all of the following except: | A. Resource leveling
# Project Cost Management includes all of the following except: | A. Resource leveling
# Project Cost Management includes all of the following except: | Resource leveling
# project environment is unique so project requires a unique approach in project management | false (true_la dung_manhnl) 
# Project feasibility studies are conducted during which of the project phases? | A. Initiating 
# Project information has been distributed according to the communications management plan. Some project deliverables have been changed in accordance with the project management plan. One stakeholder expressed surprise to the project manager upon hearing of a previously published change to a project deliverable. All stakeholders received the communication containing notification of the change. What should the project manager do? | Review the communications management plan and make revisions if necessary
# Project initiation involves taking the actions necessary to ensure that activities in the project plan are completed.| False
# Project initiation starts with identifying potential projects, using realistic methods to select which projects to work on, and then formalizing their initiation by issuing some sort of ____________________.| project charter
# Project integration management does not include interface management | F
# Project integration management does not include interface management.| False
# Project integration management must occur just within the context of a particular project. | F
# Project integration management must occur just within the context of a particular project.| False
# Project management ____________________ describe the key competencies that project managers must develop.| knowledge areas
# Project management is "the application of knowledge,..., tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements." | Skills
# Project Management is : | B. Needed because the functional organization and its methods of planning and control cannot otherwise assure that complex projects will be completed on time.
# Project management is the silver bullet that guarantees success on all projects.| False
# Project management plans document project planning assumptions and decisions regarding choices. | T
# Project management plans document project planning assumptions and decisions regarding choices.| True
# Project management software does not have the capacity to automatically generate network diagrams and calculate the critical path(s) for the project.| False
# Project management software helps you develop a ______ which serves as a basis for creating Gantt charts, assigning resources, and allocating costs. | C. WBS
# Project management software helps you develop a __________, which serves as basis for creating Gantt charts, assigning resources, and allocating costs | WBS
# Project management software helps you develop a __________, which serves as basis for creating Gantt charts, assigning resources, and allocating costs. | WBS 
# Project management software helps you develop a __________, which serves as basis for creating Gantt charts, assigning resources, and allocating costs. | WBS
# Project management software highlights the critical path in 	 on a network diagram. | red
# project management software integrates information from multiple projects to show the status of active, approved, and future projects across an entire organization | Enterprise
# Project management tools and ____________________ assist project managers and their teams in carrying out work in all nine knowledge areas.| techniques
# Project management, as an integration function, has the need to either make or buy components of the system. The decision to make or buy is based on all the following but __________. | B. Availability of funds
# Project managers are ultimately responsible for quality management on their projects.| True
# Project manager's authority in the project organization structure is ___________.|High to almost total
# Project manager's authority in the project organization structure is ___ | moderate to high
# Project manager's authority in the project organization structure is | High to almost total
# Project managers do not need to continually assess their team’s performance.| False
# Project managers for large information technology projects have to be experts in the field of information technology.| False
# Project managers have the least amount of authority in a pure 	 | functional organizational structure
# Project managers have the most authority in a pure 	 | project organizational structure
# Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from various functional areas working on their projects.| True
# Project managers must be able to make effective use of technology as it relates to the specific project.| True
# Project managers must conduct cash flow analysis to determine net present value.| True
# Project managers must realize that all conflict is bad.| False
# Project managers must use discipline to control | project schedules
# Project managers often do not have control over project staff who report to them.| True
# Project managers often recommend that people take specific training courses to improve individual and team development.| True
# Project managers often take on the role of both leader and manager.| True
# Project managers should focus on 	, since they can control them | direct costs
# Project managers should focus on ____, since they can control them. | direct costs
# Project managers should lead their teams in developing norms for dealing with various types of conflicts that might arise on their projects.| True
# Project managers should limit the size of work teams to eight to ten members.| False
# Project managers should never be involved in strategic planning and project selection | F
# Project managers should never be involved in strategic planning and project selection.| False
# Project managers should not hesitate to consult ____________________ on different topics, such as what methodology to follow, what programming language to use, what training approach to follow, and so on.| experts
# Project managers should possess general management knowledge and skills.| True
# Project managers should try to ____________________ the size of teams or sub teams to avoid making communications too complex.| limit
# Project organizations may miss economies of scale available through the pooling of requests for materials with other projects.| True
# Project performance appraisals are different from team performance assessments in that project performance appraisals focus on: | How an individual team member is performing on the project
# Project portfolio management address ____ goals of an organization, while project management addresses ____ goals. | strategic, tactical
# Project quality management involves 	 main processes | three
# Project quality management involves ____ main processes. | three
# Project risk management does not stop with the initial risk analysis.| True
# Project Risk Management includes all of the following processes except: | C. Risk Design
# Project Risk Management includes all of the following processes except: | C. Risk Analysis
# Project Risk Management includes all of the following processes except: | C. Risk Analysis
# Project schedules grow out of the basic documents that initiate a project.| True
# Project scope is: | A.The work that must be done in order to deliver a product with the specified features and functions. 
# Project scope is: | A.The work that must be done in order to deliver a product with the specified features and functions. 
# Project scope management includes the processes involved in defining and controlling what is or is not included in a project.| True
# Project scope statements should include, at a minimum, a product scope description and detailed information on all project deliverables.| False
# Project setup costs are an example of: | Fixed costs
# Project sponsors can usually rank scope, time, and cost goals in order of importance in a(n) | expectations management matrix
# Project Stakeholder are: | Anybody who is actively working on the project
# Project Stakeholder are: | Anybody who is actively working on the project
# Project team members may become stagnant or develop ____________________—conformance to the values or ethical standards of a group—if there are no conflicting viewpoints on various aspects of a project.| groupthink
# Project team members rarely need to see all project documentation.| False
# Project teams sometimes use ____________________—unplanned responses to risk events—when they do not have contingency plans in place.| workarounds
# Project work is most successful in an organizational culture where all of the following characteristics are high except _____. | control
# Projects are often defined narrowly when they begin.| False
# Projects involve 	project management process groups | 5
# Projects involve ____ project management process groups. | five
# Projects rarely involve uncertainty.| False
# Projects that address 	are much more likely to be successful because they will be important to the organization | broad organizational needs
# Projects that use Six Sigma principles for quality control normally follow a five-phase improvement process called ____________________.| DMAIC
# proposed that an individual’s specific needs are acquired or learned over time and shaped by life experiences | David McClelland
# provide information on how project execution is going | Performance reports
# Psychologist David Merril describes 	 as reactive and people-oriented | Amiables
# Psychologist David Merril describes 	 as reactive and task-oriented | Analytical
# Psychosocial issues that affect how people work and how well they work include ____________________, influence and power, and effectiveness.| motivation
# Purchasing insurance is BEST considered an example of risk: | Transfer
# Quadruple Constraints of Project Management means ____constraints.|Cost, time, quality, and scope
# Quadruple Constraints of Project Management means ____constraints | Cost, time, quality, and scope
# Quality checklists and quality metrics are output of | Planning quality
# Quality is ___ | The degree to which the project meets requirements
# Quality is ___ | The degree to which the project meets requirements
# Quality is | conforming to requirements, specifications, and fitness of use
# Quality is a lower priority than project scope, time, and cost.| False
# Quality is: | The degree to which the project meets requirements 
# Quality is: | the degree to which the project meets requirements.
# Quality metrics are an output of project | management
# Quality planning implies the ability to anticipate situations and prepare actions that bring about the desired outcome.| True
# Quantitative risk analysis and qualitative risk analysis must be done together.| False
# Questions about how long a project’s schedule should be are related to the issue of the project’s scope.| False
# Rarely does the receiver interpret a message exactly as the sender intended.| True
# Rearranging resources so that a constant number of resources is used each month is called: | Leveling
# Regular changes, which are processed through the change control system: | D. Are coordinated and communicated across all functional areas of the project to ensure 
# Report performance belongs to the ________ PM Process Group. | Monitoring and Controlling
# Research indicates that project managers favor using 	 for conflict resolution over the other four modes | confrontation
# Research shows that 	is the number one reason cited for why organizations invest in information technology projects | supporting explicit business objectives
# Research suggests that companies working to implement best practices should spend less than 10 percent of project time in initiating and planning.| False
# Resource ____________________ aims to minimize period-by-period variations in resource loading by shifting tasks within their slack allowances.| leveling
# Resource leveling results in fewer problems for project personnel and accounting departments.| True
# Risk ____________________ involves accepting the consequences should a risk occur.| acceptance
# Risk events refer to specific, certain events that may occur to the detriment or enhancement of the project.| False
# Risk management can have a(n) ____________________ impact on selecting projects, determining the scope of projects, and developing realistic schedules and cost estimates.| positive
# Risk management is a frequently overlooked aspect of project management.| True
# Risk tolerances are determined in order to help: | The team rank the project risks
# Risks are accepted when: | You develop a contingency plan to execute should the risk event occur
# Risks are accepted when: | You develop a contingency plan to execute should the risk event occur 
# Risks will be identified during which risk management process(es)? | Identify Risks and Monitor and Control Risks
# ROM estimates can be referred to as a ballpark estimate, a guesstimate, a swag, or a broad gauge.| True
# Sample size = 0.25 * (____________________/acceptable error)2| certainty factor
# Schedule performance can be estimated by subtracting the original time estimate from how long it really took to complete the project.| True
# Schedule variance can be determined by: | D. EV - PV
# Schedule variance can be determined by: | D.EV - PV
# Schedule variance can be determined by: | D.EV - PV
# Schedule variance can be determined by: | EV - PV
# Schedule variance can be determined by: | EV – PV
# Schedule variance can be determined by: | EV – PV
# Schedules tend to focus primarily on time rather than on both time and resources.| True
# Scope _________ is often achieved by a customer inspection and then sign-off on key deliverables. | A. verification
# Scope definition is important to the success of the project EXCEPT: | It serves as the basis for future project decisions.
# Scope definition is important to the success of the project EXCEPT: | It serves as the basis for future project decisions.
# Scope refers to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them.| True
# Scope________ is often achieved by a customer inspection and then sign-off on key deliverables. | verification
# Scope________ is often achieved by a customer inspection and then sign-off on key deliverables. | verification
# Scope________ is often achieved by a customer inspection and then sign-off on key deliverables. | verification
# Selecting projects is considered an exact science | F
# Selecting projects is considered an exact science.| False
# Selecting suppliers or sellers, often called ____________________ selection, involves evaluating proposals or bids from sellers, choosing the best one, negotiating the contract, and awarding the contract.| source
# Selecting the most experienced project manager is recommended for reducing schedule risks.| True
# Senior management is complaining that they are not able to easily determine the status of ongoing projects in the organization. | Milestone reports
# Senior management is complaining that they are not able to easily determine the status of ongoing projects in the organization. Which of the following types of reports would help provide summary information to senior management? | Milestone reports
# Senior management is complaining that they are not able to easily determine the status of ongoing projects in the organization. Which of the following type of reports that would help provided summary information to senior management? | Milestone reports
# Setting strategic project objectives are the responsibility of the: | C. Executive or user groups
# Setting strategic project objectives are the responsibility of the: | C. Executive or user groups
# Several application development projects done for the same functional group might best be managed as part of a _____. | program
# Several PC-based software packages are available that perform Monte Carlo simulations.| True
# should be forgotten | Sunk costs
# should serve as the foundation for deciding which projects to pursue | Strategic planning
# Since information technology projects often require a lot of coordination, it is a good idea to have ____ meetings. | short, frequent
# Since organizations depend on reliable information technology, there are also huge costs associated with ____. | downtime
# Since organizations depend on reliable information technology, there are also huge costs associated with | downtime
# Since the organization usually commits more money as a project continues, a management review should occur after each phase to evaluate progress, potential success, and continued compatibility with organizational goals.| True
# Six Sigma’s target for perfection is the achievement of no more than 	 defects, errors, or mistakes per million opportunities. | 3.4
# Six Sigmas target for perfection is the achievement of no more than _________ defects, errors, or mistakes per million opportunities. | C. 3.4
# Smaller information technology projects usually have deputy project managers or subproject managers.| False
# Some items discussed in a(n) 	include reflections on whether project goals were met, whether the project was successful or not, the causes of variances on the project, the reasoning behind corrective actions chosen, the use of different project management tools and techniques, and personal words of wisdom based on team members’ experiences | lessons-learned report
# Some organizations use ____________________ to show Responsibility, Accountability, Consultation, and Informed roles for project stakeholders.| RACI charts
# Some people might use a contract in place of a charter. | T
# Some people might use a contract in place of a charter.| True
# Some people refer to the “double constraint” of project management to include quality and customer satisfaction.| False
# Some people say that 	achieve the vision of a project. | managers
# Some people say that, “Managers do things right, and ____________________ do the right things.”| leaders
# Some professionals refuse to attend meetings if they do not have a(n) ____________________ ahead of time.| agenda
# Some project management experts believe that work should not be done on a project if it is not included in the ____________________.| WBS - work breakdown structure - work breakdown structure (WBS)
# Some project managers do not even write down stakeholder information because they do not consider stakeholder management as a crucial part of their jobs.| False
# Some projects have a senior manager called a(n) ____________________ who acts as a key proponent for a project.| champion
# Some termination clauses state that the buyer can terminate a contract for any reason and give the supplier only 24 hours’ notice.| True
# Stakeholders can be identified in which project management process group? | Initiating and planning
# Stakeholders can be identified in which project management process groups? | Initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing
# Stakeholders’ needs and expectations are only important in the beginning of a project.| False
# Standard deviation and ____________________ are fundamental concepts for understanding quality control charts.| variability
# Standard deviation is a measure of how: | Far the measurement is from the mean
# Start-to-finish relationships are the most common type of relationships.| False
# states that when many items are produced repetitively, the unit cost of those items | Leaning curve theory
# states that work expands to fill the time allowed | Parkinson’s Law
# Status reports can take various formats depending on the stakeholders’ needs.| True
# Strategic planning involves determining long-term objectives by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of an organization, studying opportunities and threats in the business environment, predicting future trends, and projecting the need for new products and services | T
# Strategic planning involves determining long-term objectives by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of an organization, studying opportunities and threats in the business environment, predicting future trends, and projecting the need for new products and services.| T-134
# Substandard design/materials/work-manship | Quality management
# Suppose there is a 20 percent chance that you will earn $10,000 and a 80 percent chance that you will lose $100,000 on a particular protect. What is the projects estimated monetary value? | -$78.000
# Suppose there is a 20 percent chance that you will earn $10,000 and a 80 percent chance that you will lose $100,000 on a particular protect. What is the projects estimated monetary value? | -$78.000
# Suppose there is a 30 percent chance that you will lose $10,000 and a 70 percent chance that you will earn $100,000 on a particular protect. What is the projects estimated monetary value? | C, $67,000
# SWOT analysis can be used during risk identification by having project teams focus on the broad perspectives of potential risks for particular projects.| True
# System or process ____________________ are diagrams that show how different parts of a system interrelate.| flowcharts
# Team leaders often create consolidated ____________________ based on the information received from team members.| progress reports
# Team members often create consolidated progress reports based on the information received from team leaders.| False
# Team-building skills are often not a challenge for many project managers.| False
# Technical and analytical skills guarantee success in project management.| False
# Testing needs to be done during almost every phase of the systems development life cycle.| True
# Testing the entire population would: | Take too long
# Thamhain and Wilemon found that when project managers used work challenge and expertise to influence people, projects were more likely to succeed.| True
# The 	 mode is also called the problem-solving mode | confrontation
# The 	 model assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined | waterfall life cycle
# The 	 model provides for progressive development of operational software, with each release providing added capabilities | incremental build life cycle
# The 	 model requires heavy user involvement, and developers use a model to generate functional requirements and physical design specifications simultaneously | prototyping life cycle
# The 	 model uses an approach in which developers work with an evolving prototype | RAD life 
# The 	 presents subjects with a series of ambiguous pictures and asks them to develop a spontaneous story for each picture, assuming they will project their own needs into the story | TAT
# The 	 process involves gaining stakeholder and customer acceptance of the final products and services and bringing the project, or project phase, to an orderly end. | closing
# The 	 process is often associated with the technical tools and techniques of quality management, such as Pareto charts, quality control charts, and statistical sampling | quality control
# The 	 provide(s) schedule-related information about each activity, such as predecessors, successors, logical relationships, leads and lags, resource requirements, constraints, imposed dates, and assumptions related to the activity | activity attributes
# The 	 provides a basis for creating the project schedule and performing earned value management for measuring and forecasting project performance | WBS
# The 	 ultimately decides if quality is acceptable | customer
# The 	approach involves refining the work into greater and greater levels of detail | top-down
# The 	approach is best suited to project managers who have vast technical insight and a big-picture perspective | top-down
# The 	assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups | political frame
# The 	characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management’s decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization | people focus
# The 	focuses on producing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of the people | human resources frame
# The 	for an activity is the latest possible time an activity might begin without delaying the project finish date | late start date
# The 	is a network diagramming technique in which boxes represent activities | PDM
# The 	is an estimate of the value of the physical work actually completed | EV
# The 	is an estimate of what it will cost to complete the project based on performance to date. | EAC
# The 	is often held after the business case and project charter are completed, but it could be held sooner, as needed. | kick-off meeting
# The 	is that portion of the approved total cost estimate planned to be spent on an activity during a given period | PV
# The 	is the minimum acceptable rate of return on an investment. | required rate of 
# The 	is the ratio of actual work completed to the percentage of work planned to have been completed at any given time during the life of the project or activity | RP
# The 	is the ratio of earned value to actual cost and can be used to estimate the projected cost of completing the project | CPI
# The 	is the ratio of earned value to planned value and can be used to estimate the projected time to complete the project. | SPI
# The 	is the total direct and indirect costs incurred in accomplishing work on an activity during a given period | AC
# The 	line for any e-mail messages you write should clearly state the intention of the e-mail | subject
# The 	section of the project management plan describes how to monitor project progress and handle changes | project controls
# The 	section of the project management plan describes specific methodologies a project might use and explains how to document information | technical processes
# The 	section of the project plan should describe the major project functions and activities and identify those individuals who are responsible for them | project responsibilities
# The 	serves as a good starting point for information distribution | stakeholder communications analysis
# The 	should list and describe all of the deliverables required for the project | scope statement
# The 	states that if seven data points in a row are all below the mean, above the mean, or are all increasing or decreasing, then the process needs to be examined for non-random problems. | seven run rule
# The 	step in the planning process is to tie the information technology strategic plan to the organization’s overall strategic plan | first
# The 	tasks vary the most from project to project | executin
# The ____ approach involves refining the work into greater and greater levels of detail. | top-down
# The ____ assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups. | political frame
# The ____ characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization. | people focus
# The ____ is a description of the work required for the procurement.| D SOW
# The ____ is a network diagramming technique in which boxes represent activities | PDM
# The ____ is often held after the business case and project charter are completed, but it could be held sooner, as needed. | kick-off meeting
# The ____ tasks vary the most from project to project. | executing
# The ____ ultimately decides if quality is acceptable | customer
# The __________ deal with how the organization is structured and focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management | Structural frame
# The __________ deal with how the organization is structured and focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management | Structural frame
# The __________ deal with how the organization is structured and focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management | Structural frame
# The _____________ is the point at which the contractor assumes total responsibility for each additional dollar of contract cost. | Point of Total Assumption
# The _____________ is the point at which the contractor assumes total responsibility for each additional dollar of contract cost. | D. Point of Total Assumption
# The _____________ is the point at which the contractor assumes total responsibility for each additional dollar of contract cost. | D. Point of Total Assumption
# The _____________ is the point at which the contractor assumes total responsibility for each additional dollar of contract cost. | Point of Total Assumption
# The ________________ has well-defined, linear stages of system analysis, design, construction, testing, and support. | Waterfall lifecycle model
# The ________________ has well-defined, linear stages of system analysis, design, construction, testing, and support. | Waterfall lifecycle model
# The ________________ has well-defined, linear stages of system analysis, design, construction, testing, and support. | Waterfall lifecycle model
# The ____________________ allocates work to responsible and performing organizations, teams, or individuals, depending on the desired level of detail.| RAM - responsibility assignment matrix - responsibility assignment matrix (RAM)
# The ____________________ approach is the least desirable conflict-handling mode.| withdrawal
# The ____________________ focuses on symbols and meanings.| symbolic frame
# The ____________________ is a popular tool for determining personality preferences.| MBTI - Myers-Briggs Type Indicator - Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
# The ____________________ is a tabulation of activities to be included on a project schedule.| activity list
# The ____________________ is a tool to measure the individual needs of different people using McClelland’s categories.| TAT - Thematic Apperception Test - Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
# The ____________________ is a very important tool in project management because it provides the basis for deciding how to do the work.| WBS - work breakdown structure - work breakdown structure (WBS)
# The ____________________ is based on the fact that, like a chain with its weakest link, any complex system at any point in time often has only one aspect or constraint that limits its ability to achieve more of its goal.| TOC - Theory of Constraints - Theory of Constraints (TOC)
# The ____________________ is the person who will own or take responsibility for the risk.| risk owner
# The ____________________ is usually depicted in an organizational chart.| structural frame
# The ____________________ means taking responsibility for failures or not meeting quality expectations.| cost of nonconformance
# The ____________________ model focuses on defining user requirements and planning software projects.| SQFD - Software Quality Function Deployment - Software Quality Function Deployment (SQFD)
# The ____________________ of project management includes quality along with scope, time, and cost.| quadruple constraint
# The ____________________ often includes an organizational chart for the project, detailed information on roles and responsibilities, and a staffing management plan.| human resource plan
# The ____________________ plan coordinates and encompasses information from all other plans.| project management
# The ____________________ represents the number of units handled correctly through the process steps.| yield
# The ____________________ statement clearly defines mandatory requirements and optional requirements.| scope
# The ____________________, an international professional society for project managers founded in 1969, has continued to attract and retain members, reporting 277,221 members worldwide by August 31, 2008.| PMI - Project Management Institute - Project Management Institute (PMI)
# The ______________________________ analysis includes information such as the contact person for the information, when the information is due, and the preferred format for the information.| stakeholder communications
# The ______________________________ includes a list of measures of success as well as priorities, expectations, and guidelines related to each measure.| expectations management matrix
# The “CHAOS” study found that more than ____________________ percent of information technology projects were canceled before completion.| 31
# The 2006 Standish Group survey showed that IT project success rates had risen from 16 percent in 1994 to 35 percent in 2006.| True
# The ability of a product to be used for different purposes at different capacities and under different conditions determines its: | B. Flexibility
# The ability of a product to be used for different purposes at different capacities and under different conditions determines its: | B. Flexibility
# The activity list, activity attributes, activity resource requirements, resource calendars, project scope statement, enterprise environmental factors, and organizational process assets all include information that affect | duration estimates
# The Adaptive Software Development (ASD) life cycle model assumes that software development follows an adaptive approach because the requirements cannot be clearly expressed early in the life cycle.| True
# The amount of time that an activity can be delayed from its early start without delaying the project end date is called: | C.Total Float 
# The amount of time that an activity can be delayed from its early start without delaying the project end date is called: | C.Total Float 
# The approved project scope statement and its associated WBS and WBS dictionary form the ____________________.| scope baseline
# The arrows in a network diagram represent the activity sequencing or relationships between tasks.| True
# The basic concept of the ____________________ is to derive a consensus among a panel of experts who make predictions about future developments.| Delphi technique
# The belief that management's high levels of trust, confidence and commitment to workers leads to high levels of motivation and productivity on the part of workers is a part of which motivation theory? | B. Theory Z 
# The best way to kill a project is to withhold the required money, human resources, and visibility for the project.| True
# The bottom four needs in Maslow’s structure are referred to as 	 needs | deficiency
# The bottom four needs in Maslow's structure are referred to as ____ needs. | deficiency
# The buyer absorbs less of the risk with cost-reimbursable contracts than they do with fixed-price contracts.| False
# The change control system must include all but which of the following | C. Verbal approvals
# The client demands changes to the product specification that will add only two weeks to the critical path. Which of the following is the BEST thing for the project manager to do? | Consult with the sponsor about options
# The communications management plan can be part of the team | contract
# The communications management plan should not address frequency of communication.| False
# The communications management plan will vary with the needs of the project.| True
# the companies that excel in project delivery capability do all of the following practices in project management, except | spend enough money for the project 
# The concept of zero inventory is called: | C. Just in Time
# The construction phase of a new software product is near completion. The next phases are testing and implementation. The project is two weeks ahead of schedule. | Verify scope
# The construction phase of a new software product is near completion. The next phases are testing and implementation. The project is two weeks ahead of schedule. What should the project manager be MOST concerned with before moving on to the final phase? | Verify Scope
# The construction phase of a new software product is near completion. The next phases are testing and implementation. The project is two weeks ahead of schedule. What should project manager be MOST concerned with before moving on to the final phase? | Verify scope
# The cost contingency reserve should be: | Added to the base costs of the project to account for risks
# The cost for risk management should not exceed the potential benefits.| True
# The cost management plan is part of the overall project management plan.| True
# The cost of choosing one project and giving up another is called: | opportunity cost.
# The cost performance index (CPI) of a project is 0.6 and the schedule performance index (SPI) is 0.71. The project has 625 work packages and is being completed over a four-year period. The team members are veryinexperienced, and the project received little support for proper planning. Which of the following is the BEST thing to do? | Update risk identification and analysis
# The cost performance index can be used to calculate the ____________________.| EAC - estimate at completion - estimate at completion (EAC)
# The cost savings and use of offshore resources lower inflation, increase productivity, and lower interest rates.| True
# The critical path always includes the most critical activities.| False
# The critical path is the 	 path through a network diagram, and it represents the 	 time it takes to complete a project | longest; shortest
# The customer requests a change to the project that would increase the project risk. Which of the following should you do before all the others? | Analyze the impacts of the change with the team.
# The customer responsible for overseeing your project asks you to provide a written cost estimate that is 30 percent higher than your estimate of the project's cost. He explains that the budgeting process requires managers to estimate pessimistically to ensure enough money is allocated for projects. | Ask for information on risks that would cause your estimate to be too low
# The Delphi technique is a systematic, interactive forecasting procedure based on independent and anonymous input regarding future events.| True
# The dependencies of Task B on Task A is Finish-to-Start | Lead
# the development of long term goals set by executive management is called: | C. Strategic Planning 
# The difference between the cost baseline and the cost budget can be BEST described as: | The management reserve
# The engineering department has uncovered a problem with the cost accounting system and has asked the systems department to analyze what is wrong and fix the problem. You are a project managerr working with the cost accounting programs on another project. Management has issued a change request to the change control board to add the new work to your project. | Develop a project charter
# The executing process group generally requires the most resources.| True
# The executing tasks of the WBS remain constant from project to project.| False
# The first dimension of psychological type in the MBTI signifies whether people draw their energy from other people (extroverts) or from inside themselves (introverts).| True
# The first step in creating a weighted scoring model is to assign a weight to each criterion. | F
# The first step in creating a weighted scoring model is to assign a weight to each criterion.| False
# The first step in determining the NPV is to 	. | determine the estimated costs and benefits for the life of the project and the products it produces
# The first step in the framework for defining and assigning work is | finalizing the project requirements
# The float of an activity is determined by | Determining the amount of time the activity can be delayed before it delays the critical path
# The format of the WBS dictionary should be the same from project to project.| False
# The formulas for variances and indexes start with EV, the earned value.| True
# The gap between users and developers decreases as technology advances.| False
# The global job market for information technology workers is contracting.| False
# The goal of 	is to ensure that the project team has complete understanding of all the work they must do as part of the project scope so they can start scheduling the work | defining activities
# The goal of 	is to influence the factors that cause scope changes, assure changes are processed according to procedures developed as part of integrated change control, and manage changes when they occur | scope control
# The goal of 	is to know the status of the schedule, influence the factors that cause schedule changes, determine that the schedule has changed, and manage changes when they occur | schedule control
# The goal of ____ is to ensure that the project team has complete understanding of all the work they must do as part of the project scope so they can start scheduling the work. | defining activities
# The halo effect refers to the tendency to: | Move people into project management because they are good in their technical fields.
# The highest level of needs in Maslow’s structure is referred to as a 	 need | growt
# The highest point of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is called: | Esteem
# The high-level project schedule constraints have just been determined. What project management process group are you in | Initiating
# The idea of striving to balance risks and opportunities suggests that different organizations and people have different ____________________ for risk.| tolerances - tolerance
# The ideal outcome of the monitoring and  ____________________ process group is to complete a project successfully by delivering the agreed-upon project scope within time, cost, and quality constraints.| controlling
# The independence of two events in which the occurrence of one is not related to the occurrence of the other is called: | C. statistical independence
# The information technology field is relatively stable and unchanging.| False
# The inputs to Cost Budgeting includes all of the following except: | Cost baseline
# The inputs to Cost Budgeting includes all of the following except: | Cost baseline
# The inputs to Cost Budgeting includes all of the following except: | B. Cost baseline
# The inputs to Cost Budgeting includes all of the following except: | Cost baseline
# The installation project has a CPI of 1.03 and an SPI of 1.0. There are 14 team members, and each team member had input into the final project management plan. The customer has accepted the three deliverables completed so far without complaint and the responsibility assignment matrix has not changed since the project began. The project is being completed in a matrix environment and there are no contracts needed for the project. Though the sponsor is happy with the status of the project, one of the team members is always complaining about how much time his project work is taking. Which of the following would be the BEST thing for the project manager to do? | Review the reward system for the project
# The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standard 1058-1998 describes the contents of a(n) ____________________.| SPMP - Software Project Management Plan - Software Project Management Plan (SPMP)
# The integrated project plan provides the baseline of: | C. which changes will be controlled 
# The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines ____________________ as “the totality of characteristics of an entity that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs.”| quality
# The introduction or overview of a project must only include a list of definitions and acronyms. | F
# The introduction or overview of a project must only include a list of definitions and acronyms.| False
# The job description for a project manager can vary by industry and by organization.| True
# The key deliverables section of the project management plan should describe the quality expectations for the product deliverables. | T
# The key deliverables section of the project management plan should describe the quality expectations for the product deliverables.| True
# The kick-off meeting is always held before the business case and project charter are completed.| False
# The last step in project risk management is deciding how to address this knowledge area for a particular project by performing risk management planning.| False
# The last step in the ____________________ process for selecting information technology projects is choosing which projects to do and assigning resources for working on them.| planning
# The level of activity and length of each process group varies for every project.| T-80
# The level of detail included in the risk management plan rarely varies across projects.| False
# The limitations of scope, time, and cost goals are sometimes referred to as the | triple constraint
# The line in the middle of a control chart is called the | mean
# The line in the middle of a control chart is called the: | mean 
# The line in the middle of a control chart is called the: | mean
# The longest path through a network diagram that determines the earliest completion of a project is called the 	 path | critical
# The lower the EMV, the better.| False
# The main focus of life cycle costing is to ___ | Consider operations and maintenance costs in making project decisions.
# The main focus of life cycle costing is to ____ | Consider operations and maintenance costs in making project decisions.
# The main focus of life cycle costing is to | Consider operations and maintenance costs in making project decisions
# The main goal of the 	process is to produce a cost baseline for measuring project performance and project funding requirements | cost budgeting
# The main output of qualitative risk analysis is a decision tree.| False
# The main output of the ____________________ process is the start of a risk register.| identifying risks
# The main outputs of 	 are a quality management plan, quality metrics, quality checklists, a process improvement plan, and project document updates | quality planning
# The main outputs of 	 are accepted deliverables and change requests | verifying scope
# The main outputs of 	 process are team performance assessments and enterprise environmental factors update | developing the project team
# The main outputs of ____ are a quality management plan, quality metrics, quality checklists, a process improvement plan, and project document updates. | quality planning
# The main outputs of ____ are accepted deliverables and change requests. | verifying scope
# The main outputs of ____________________ are the project scope statement and updates to project documents.| scope definition
# The main outputs of ____________________ include work performance measurements, organizational process assets updates, such as lessons-learned reports related to schedule control, change requests, project management plan updates, and project document updates.| schedule control
# The main outputs of estimating activity resources includes the activity list and attributes, project scope statement, milestone list, and organizational process assets.| False
# The main outputs of scope definition are the ____________________ and project document updates.| project scope statement
# The main outputs of the 	 process are an activity list, activity attributes, milestone list, and requested changes | defining activities
# The main outputs of the ____________________ process are a cost performance baseline, project funding requirements, and project document updates.| cost budgeting
# The main outputs of the ____________________ process are activity cost estimates, basis of estimates,  and project document updates.| cost estimating
# The main outputs of the ____________________ process are work performance measurements, budget forecasts, organizational process asset updates, change requests, project management plan updates, and project document updates.| cost control
# The main purpose of project plans is to ____________________ project execution.| guide
# The main sections of an RFP never include the statement of work and schedule information.| False
# The main tool for performing scope verification is ____________________.| inspection
# The majority of organizations develop their own internal information technology project management methodologies.| False
# The majority of people in the United States use the Internet.| True
# The majority of time on a project is usually spent on 	, as is most of the project’s budget. | execution
# The management theory that states that all people can direct their own efforts is: | Theory Y
# The Manhattan Project cost almost $2 billion in 	 | 1946
# The Microsoft Solution Framework (MSF) includes a risk management model that includes developing and monitoring a top-ten master list of risks.| True
# The Monte Carlo analysis can predict the probability of finishing by a certain date or the probability that the cost will be equal to or less than a certain value.| True
# The MOST common causes of conflict on a project are schedules, project priorities, and: | Resources
# The MOST likely result of communication blockers is that: | Conflict occurs
# The nature of hardware development projects is more diverse than software-oriented projects.| False
# The nature of information technology projects is different from projects in many other industries because they are very ____ | diverse
# The need for ___ is one of the major driving forces for communication in a project. | Integration
# The new project is exciting to both the project manager and the team. This is the project manager's first assignment as project manager. The team has the feeling that they will be able to complete work that has never been tried before. There are 29 people contributing to the product description, and the team consists of nine highly experienced experts in their field. Part of the way through planning, three highly technical team members are disagreeing about the scope of two of the deliverables. | He should listen to the differences of opinions, encourage logical discussions, and facilitate an agreement
# The new software installation project is in progress. The project manager is working with the quality assurance department to improve everyone's confidence that the project will satisfy the quality standards. Which of the following MUST they have before they start this process? | Quality control measurements
# The number of interfaces can increase exponentially as the number of people involved in a project increases. | T
# The number of interfaces can increase EXPONENTIALLY as the number of people involved in a project increases.| True
# The organization should complete low-priority projects before high-priority ones, if the low-priority ones take less time | F
# The organization should complete low-priority projects before high-priority ones, if the low-priority ones take less time.| False
# The output of the 	 process is a communications management plan | planning communications
# The outputs of 	include change request status updates, project management plan updates, and project document updates | performing integrated change control
# The outputs of ____ include change request status updates, project management plan updates, and project document updates. | performing integrated change control
# The outputs of the _________________________ process are performance reports, organizational process assets updates, and change requests.| reporting performance
# The outputs to schedule development include activity duration estimates and project document updates.| False
# The overall intentions and direction of an organization with regard to quality as formally expressed by top management is a: | C. Quality Policy
# The overall intentions and direction of an organization with regard to quality as formally expressed by top management is a: | C. Quality Policy
# The people who develop software cost estimates often have a great deal of experience with cost estimation.| False
# The performing organization is trying to decide whether to split the contracts department and assign procurement responsibilities to departments directly responsible for the projects. A procurement professional might not want this split to occur because they would lose ____ in a decentralized contracting environment. | Access to others with similar expertise
# The person who should be in control of the project during project management planning is the | A. project manager.
# The practice of overlapping phases is often called : | D. fast tracking
# The preparation of the scope baseline can BEST be described as involving: | The project team
# The preparation of the scope baseline involves the | all the stakeholders
# The primary objective of contract negotiations is to: | Protect the relationship
# The principles of risk management should be followed only for: | All kinds of project
# The principles of risk management should be followed only for: | All kinds of project
# The process needs to be examined for non-random | All the others
# The process of acquiring a project team falls under the Project Human Resource Management knowledge area.| True
# The process of evaluating overall project performance on a regular basis to provide confidence that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards is called: | A. Quality Assurance
# The process of getting a group of diverse individuals to work effectively together as a team is the definition of | D. team building 
# The process of information distribution falls under the ____________________ knowledge area.| project communications - project communications management
# The products of the project are produced during project implementation, and it usually takes the least amount of resources to accomplish this process.| False
# The program was planned years ago, before there was a massive introduction of new technology. While planning the next project in this program, the project manager has expanded the scope management plan because as a project becomes more complex, the level of uncertainty in the scope: | Increases
# The project ____ usually provides the direction and funding for the project. | sponsor
# The project charter for a project was approved for planning and you have just been assigned as project manager. Realizing that project planning is an ongoing effort throughout the project, which processes are you MOST likely to combine? | Create WBS and Define Activities
# The project charter is created in which project management process group | Initiating
# The project closing process is essential to overall project planning. What is considered one of the most important steps in closing the project? | D. Satisfying the contractual obligations
# The project communications management knowledge area maps to the 	process group through the activity of information distribution | executing 
# The project cost management knowledge area maps to the 	 process group through the activities of estimating cases and budget determination. | planning
# The project CPI is 1.02, the benefit cost ratio is 1.7, and the latest round of performance reviews identified few needed adjustments. The project team was co-located into a new building when the project started. Everyone commented on how excited they were to have all new facilities. The sponsor is providing adequate support for the project, and few unidentified risks have occurred. In an attempt to improve performance, the project manager spends part of the project budget on new chairs for the team members and adds the term "senior" to each team member's job title. Which of the following is the MOST correct thing that can be said of this project or the project manager? | The project manager has misunderstood Herzberg's theory
# The project has 13 team members and affects over 15 departments in the organization. Because the project is 20 percent complete to date and the team has had successful performance reports from five of the affected departmnents, the project manager holds a party to celebrate. The project manager invites key stakeholders from all of the departments to the party, in order to give those providing good reviews an informal opportunity to communicate good things to those departments that have not yet been affected by the project. At the party, the project manager walks around to try to discover any relevant information that would help the project be more successful. He happens to hear a manager of one of the departments talking about setting up more regular meetings on the project. The BEST thing for the project manager to do would be to FIRST: | Review the information distribution methods on the project
# The project has been challenging to manage. Everyone has been on edge due to pressure to complete the project on time. Unfortunately, the tension has grown to the point where team meetings have become shouting matches and little work is accomplished during the meetings. One team member asks to be excused from future team meetings, as all the shouting upsets him. Meanwhile, the sponsor has asked to attend team meetings in order to better understand how the project is going and the issues involved in completing the project, and the customer has started discussions about adding scope to the project. In this situation, it would be BEST for the project manager to: | Create new ground rules for the meetings and introduce them to the team
# The project has been going well, except for the number of changes being made. The project is being installed into seven different departments within the company and will greatly improve departmental performance when operational. There are 14 project management processes selected for use on this project. The project manager is a technical expert as well as having been trained in communications and managing people. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of the project problems? | Some stakeholders were not identified
# The project has going well, except for the number of changes being made. The Project is being installed in to seven different departments within the company | The project should have used more of the project management Processes
# The project integration management knowledge area maps to the 	process group through the activities of developing project charters | initiating
# The project is calculated to be completed four days after the desired completion date. You do not have access to additional resources. The project is low risk, the benefit cost ratio (BCR) is expected to be 1.6, and the dependencies are preferential. Under these circumstances, what would be the BEST thing to do? | Make more activities concurrent
# The project is in the planning process group when three stakeholders come to the Project manager asking for information on the companys new project management Methodology | Notify the project management office
# The project is just starting out and consists of people from 14 different departments. The project charter was signed by one person and contains over 30 major requirements that must be met on the project. The sponsor has informed the project manager that the SPI must be kept between 0.95 and 1.1. A few minutes of investigation resulted in the identification of 34 stakeholders, and the schedule objectives on the project are constrained. A project manager has just been hired. Which of the following types of project management power will BEST help the project manager gain the cooperation of others? | Formal
# The project is mostly complete. The project has a schedule variance of 300 and a cost variance of -900. All but one of the quality control inspections have been completed and all have met the quality requirements. All items in the issue log have been resolved. | Ask the customer for a description of the change
# The project life cycle differs from the product life cycle in that the project life Cycle: | Describes project management activities.
# The Project Management 	, a Web site for people involved in project management, provides an alphabetical directory of more than 300 project management software solutions. | Center
# the project management must answer the following questions, except | are we working on the right project? 
# The project management plan, project funding requirements, work performance data, and organizational process assets are inputs for the process of 	. | controlling costs
# The project manager and project sponsor are discussing the project costs and whether it is better to have their own company do part of the project or hire another company to do the work. If they asked for your opinion, you might say it would be better to do the work yourself if: | There is a lot of proprietary data
# The project manager has just received a change from the customer that does not affect the project schedule and is easy to complete. What should the project manager do FIRST? | Evaluate the impacts on other project constraints
# The project manager is allocating overall cost estimate to individual activities to establish a baseline for measuring project performance. What process is this? | Determine Budget
# The project manager is allocating overall cost estimate to individual activities to establish a baseline for measuring project performance. What process is this? | Determine Budget
# The project manager is allocating overall cost estimates to individual activities to establish a baseline for measuring project performance. What process is this? | Determine Budget
# The project manager is expecting a deliverable to be submitted by e-mail from a team member today. At the end of the day, the project manager contacts the team member to notify him that it has not been received. The team member apologizes and says that he was not able to e- mail the deliverable, and it was sent through themail instead. The team member goes on to explain that he notified the project manager that this would occur during a phone conversation they had while the project manager was traveling. "Wasn't that the conversation we had when I told you I could not hear you well due to poor cell phone coverage?" asks the project manager. "Yes," replies the team member. What could have avoided this problem? | Feedback during the communication
# The project manager is looking at the project's resource needs and lessons learned from past projects. This information causes the project manager to be concerned about the ability to acquire enough resources for the project in six months. Which of the following would be the LEAST effective preventive action? | Make sure functional managers have a copy of the resource histogram
# The project manager notices that project activities being completed by one department are all taking slightly longer than planned. To date, none of theactivities/work packages have been on the critical path, nor have they affected the critical chain planning that has occurred. The project manager is bothered by the problem, since four of the next five critical path activities are being completed by this department. After making three calls, the project manager is finally able to converse with the department manager to determine what is going on. The conversation is slow, because both speak different native languages and they are trying to converse in French, a shared language. | Work on increasing the effectiveness of the performing organization by recommending continuous improvement of the policy in question
# The project plan is a document designed to tell _____ exactly what should be happening in a given period of time. | A. Anyone associated with the project
# The project procurement management knowledge area maps to the 	 process group through the activity of administering procurements | monitoring and controlling
# The project procurement management knowledge area maps to the 	 process group through the activities conducting procurements | executing
# The project procurement management knowledge area maps to the ____ process group through the activities conducting procurements. | executing
# The project schedule information section of the project management plan might include | a detailed schedule
# The project schedule information section should include the following items, except for | Payment schedule
# The project schedule information section should include the following items, except for | Payment schedule
# The project scope management knowledge area maps to the 	 process group through the activities of scope verification and scope control | monitoring and controlling
# The project scope management knowledge area maps to the ____ process group through the activities of scope verification and scope control | monitoring and controlling
# The project scope statement provides the basis for planning and managing project schedules, costs, resources, and changes.| False
# The project scope statement should reference ____________________, such as product specifications that will affect what products are produced or purchased, or corporate policies, which might affect how products or services are produced.| supporting documents
# The project scope statement should reference supporting documents, such as product specifications that will affect what products are produced or purchased, or corporate policies, which might affect how products or services are produced.| True
# The project scope statement, __________, and organizational process assets are primary inputs for creating a WBS. | Requirements documents
# The project scope statement, __________, and organizational process assets are primary inputs for creating a WBS. | Requirements documents
# The project scope statement, __________, and organizational process assets are primary inputs for creating a WBS. | Requirements documents
# The project scope statement, stakeholder requirements documentation, and organizational process assets are the primary inputs for creating a WBS.| True
# The project status meeting is not going weIl. Everyone is talking at the same time, there are people who are not participating, and many topics are being discussed at random. Which of the following rules for effective meetings is NOT being adhered to? | Create and publish an agenda and a set of rules for controlling the meeting
# The project status meeting is not going well. Everyone is talking at the same time, there are people who are not participating and many topics are being discussed at random. Which of the following rules for effective meetings is NOT being adhered to? | D. Create and publish an agenda and a set of rules for controlling the meeting
# The project status report is an example of which type of communication? | Formal written communication
# The project team has created a plan for how they will implement the quality policy. It addresses the organizational structure, responsibilities, procedures, and other information about plans for quality. If this changes during the project, WHICH of the following plans will also change? | Project management
# The project team is arguing about the prospective sellers who have submitted proposals. One team member argues for a certain seller while another team member wants the project awarded to a different seller. What part of the procurement process is the team in? | Conduct Procurements
# The project team is arguing about the prospective sellers who have submitted proposals. One team member argues for a certain seller while another team member wants the project to be awarded to a different seller, The BEST thing the project manager should remind the team to focus on in order to make a selection is the: | Evaluation criteria
# The project team seems to like to argue; they have argued about everything. Luckily the project manager has set in place a reward system and team-building sessions that will help and encourage the team to cooperate more. The Iatest thing they are arguing about is whether they should complete a work package themselves or outsource the work to someone else. What part of the procurement process must they be in? | Plan Procurements
# The project time management knowledge area maps to the 	 process group through the activity of schedule control | monitoring and controlling
# The project usually provides the direction and funding for the project | sponsor
# The project was going well when all of a sudden there were changes to the project coming from multiple stakeholders. After all the changes were determined, the project manager spent time with all the stakeholders to find out why there were changes and to discover any more. The project work has quieted down when a team member casually mentions to the project manager that he added functionality to a product of the project. "Do not worry," he says, "I did not impact time, cost, or quality!" What should a project manager do FIRST? | Ask the team member how he knows there is no time, cost, or quality impact
# The project you are working on has an increase in cost effectiveness, increased productivity, and increased morale. What might be the reason for these changes? | Increased quality
# The project’s size, complexity, importance, and other factors will not affect how much effort is spent on collecting requirements for scope planning.| False
# The psychology literature shows that individuals, working alone, produce fewer ideas than the same individuals produce through brainstorming in small, face-to-face groups.| False
# The purpose of ____________________ is to ensure that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken.| project quality management - quality management
# The purpose of a quality audit includes all of the following except: | Examines the work of the project and formally accepts the work results
# The purpose of a quality audit includes all of the following except: | A. Examines the work of the project and formally accepts the work results.
# The purpose of a quality audit includes all of the following except: | Examines the work of the project and formally accepts the work results.
# The purpose of status meetings is to: | Exchange information about the project
# The quality planning process involves taking responsibility for quality throughout the project’s life cycle.| False
# The question, “What is the project’s budget?” is related to the project’s ____________________.| cost
# The question, “What unique product or service does the customer or sponsor expect from the project?” is related to the ____________________ of the project.| scope
# The receiver filters messages based on all but the following: | D. Distance
# The receiver filters messages based on all but the following: | D. Distance
# The requirements of many stakeholders were not approved for inclusion in your project. Therefore, you had a difficult time receiving formal approval of the project management plan for this project. The stakeholders argued and held up the project while they held meeting after meeting about their requirements. The project was finally approved and work began six months ago. All of the following would be good preventive actions to implement EXCEPT: | Hold meetings with the stakeholders to go over the work that will not be added to the project
# The ROI is always positive. | F
# The ROI is always positive.| False
# The same organization can have different subcultures.| True
# The scope of a project should be clear and specific from the start.| False
# The section of the project management plan describing management and technical approaches should include the following information, except for | Summary schedule
# The section of the project management plan describing management and technical approaches should include the following information, except for | Summary schedule
# The seller tells you that your activities have resulted in an increase in their costs. You should: | Ask the seller for supporting information
# The sender is responsible for: | A. Confirming the message is understood. 
# The sending or conveying of information from one place to another is the process of: | B. Transmitting 
# The seven primary characteristics that are common to all projects are: | C. Objectives, schedule, complexity, size and nature of task, resources, and integrated information and control system.
# The seven run rule states that if seven data points in a row on a control chart are all below the mean, above the means, or all increasing or decreasing, then the process needs to be examined for _________ problems. | B. non-random
# The seven run rule states that if seven data points in a row on a control chart are all below the mean, above the means, or all increasing or decreasing, then the process needs to be examined for _________ problems. | B. non-random
# The sponsor and the project manager are discussing what type of contract the project manager plans to use on the project. The buyer points out that theperforming organization spent a lot of money hiring a design team to come up with the design. The project manager is concerned that the risk for the buyer be as small as possible. An advantage of a fixed price contract for the buyer is: | Cost risk is lower
# The sponsor is worried about the seller deriving extra profit on the cost plus fixed fee (CPFF) contract. Each month he requires the project manager to submit CPI calculations and an analysis of the cost to complete. The project manager explains to the sponsor that extra profits should NOT be a worry on this project because: | All costs invoiced are being audited
# The sponsor's role on a project is BEST described as: | Helping to prevent unnecessary changes to project objectives
# The Standish Group’s CHAOS studies reported an average cost overrun for unsuccessful IT projects ranged from 180 percent in 1994 to 	 percent in 2004. | 56
# The state of being totally answerable for the satisfactory completion of a specific assignment is called: | B. Accountability 
# The state of being totally answerable for the satisfactory completion of a specific assignment is called | Accountability 
# The success of many information technology projects that use outside resources is often due to good project cost management.| False
# The tasks in a WBS do not have to be developed as a sequential list of steps.| True
# The term 	 describes a product produced as part of a project | deliverabl
# The term ____________________ has become popular to describe new approaches that focus on close collaboration between programming teams and business experts.| agile software development
# The term ____________________ is widely used in government.| procurement
# The term “____________________” refers to work done in organizations to sustain the business.| operations
# The term “e-procurement” often describes various procurement functions that are now done electronically.| True
# The term “systems approach” emerged in the | 1950s
# The term sigma means median.| False
# The three major types of communication are: | A. Written, verbal, and non-verbal.
# The three major types of communication are: | A. Written, verbal, and non-verbal.
# The three spheres of systems management are business, organization, and ____________________.| technology
# The Time Management Process that involves identifying and documenting interactivity dependencies is called: | D.Activity Sequencing
# The Time Management Process that involves identifying and documenting interactivity dependencies is called: | D.Activity Sequencing
# The Time Management Process that involves identifying and documenting interactivity dependencies is called: | D.Activity Sequencing
# The total value of the contract is a function of the quantities needed to complete the work.| True
# The ultimate goal of 	 is to create a realistic project schedule that provides a basis for monitoring project progress for the time dimension of the project | developing the schedule
# The unique identifiers assigned to each item of a WBS are often known collectively as: | C.The code of accounts 
# The unique identifiers assigned to each item of a WBS are often known collectively as: | C.The code of accounts 
# The WBS is __________. | a task oriented family tree of the project
# The WBS is not a required input to the cost budgeting process.| False
# The WBS provides a basis for creating the project schedule and performing earned value management for measuring and forecasting project performance.| True
# The WBS, estimates for each work package, and the network diagram are completed. Which of the following would be the NEXT thing for the project manager to do? | Create a preliminary schedule and get the teams approval
# The work breakdown structure can be an effective aid for communication in which situation(s) | Internal and external to the project
# The work breakdown structure can BEST be thought of as an effective aid for __ communications. | Stakeholder
# The work breakdown structure can BEST be thought of as an effective aid for_______ communications. | stakeholder
# The work breakdown structure comprises several levels of decomposition of the total project. The lowest level of definition is always the __________. | work package
# There are 	 main processes in project communications management | 4
# There are 	 main processes involved in project integration management | six
# There are 	 main processes involved in project scope management. | 5
# There are 	 main processes involved in project time management | six
# There are ____ main processes involved in project scope management. | 5
# There are ____ main processes of project procurement management. B four
# There are ____ major processes involved in risk management.| D six	
# There are ____________________ main types of power, based on French and Raven’s classic study, “The Bases of Social Power.”| 5
# There are six core knowledge areas of project management.| False
# There does not need to be a change control system to define procedures for changing the cost baseline.| False
# There have been many work packages completed successfully on the project, and the sponsor has made some recommendations for improvements. The project is on schedule to meet an aggressive deadline when the successor activity to a critical path activity suffers a major setback. The activity has 14 days of float and is being completed by four people. There are two other team members with the skill set to assist the troubled activity, if needed. The project manager receives a call that three other team members are attempting to be removed from the project because they do not feel the project can be successful. When the project manager pursues this, she discovers that those team members have issues that have not been addressed. Which of the following is the BEST thing to do to improve the project? | Create an issue log
# This project is chartered to determine new ways to extend the product life of one of the company's medium-producing products. The project manager comes from the engineering department, and the team comes from product management and marketing departments. | Look for how this schedule change will impact the cost to complete the work package and the quality of the product of the work package
# This tool and technique of Quality Control keeps errors from reaching the customer: | A. Inspection
# Those who are ____ have a higher tolerance for risk, and their satisfaction increases when more payoff is at stake. | A risk-seeking
# Three general classifications of organizational structures are ____________________, project, and matrix.| functional
# Three separate surveys of software project cost overruns found that the average cost overrun for all of the projects in their survey samples (not just unsuccessful projects) were 	 percent | 33–34
# To calculate the late start and late finish dates for a set of tasks, you must do: | C.A backwards pass 
# To control the schedule, a project manager is analyzing the project to predict project duration. She does this by analyzing the sequence of activities with the least amount of scheduling flexibility. What technique is she using? | Critical path method
# To control the schedule, a project manager is reanalyzing the project to predict project duration. She does this by analyzing the sequence of activities with the least amount of scheduling flexibility. What technique is she using? | Critical path method
# To handle complex situations effectively, project managers need to take a(n) ____________________ view of a project and understand how it relates to the larger organization.| holistic
# To make milestones meaningful, some people use the ____________________ criteria to help define them.| SMART
# To manage a project effectively, work should be broken down into small pieces. Which of the following does NOT describe how far to decompose the work? | Until it can be done by one person
# To obtain valid statistics, it is important to study every member of a population.| False
# to prevent defects, rather than to detect of reject them | Control chart
# To what does the following sentence refer? "The point where the benefits or revenue to be received from improving quality equals the incremental cost to achieve that quality" | Marginal analysis
# Today’s project managers still draw Gantt charts by hand.| False
# Tom DeMarco, a well-known author on software development, suggests 	 reasons for the inaccuracies of many information technology project cost estimates and some ways to overcome them | four
# Tools to assist in contract closure include ____________________ , negotiated settlements, and a records management system.| procurement audits
# Top management and ____________________ can have the greatest impact on the quality of projects by doing a good job of quality assurance.| project managers
# Two people are arguing about what needs to be done to complete a work package. If the project manager wants to know what is going on, she should pay MOST attention to: | The pitch and tone of the voices, and physical mannerisms
# Two people have 	communications channel | one 
# Two project managers have just realized that they are in a weak matrix organization and that their power as project managers is quite limited. | The project expediter cannot make decisions
# Under what situation should the PM issue updates to the approved cost baseline. | C. A change of scope has occurred.
# Understanding the ____________________ is just as important to good project management as understanding the phases of the traditional project life cycle.| product life cycle
# Understanding the stakeholders’ ____________________ can help in managing issues.| expectations
# Understanding which variables affect outcome is a very important part of quality planning.| True
# Unenforceable conditions or contract clauses, and adversarial relations are risk conditions associated with the ____ project management knowledge area.| C Procurement
# Until the 1980s, project management primarily focused on providing schedule and resource data to top management in the military, computer, and construction industries.| True
# uses highly organized and intensive workshops to bring together project stakeholders—the sponsor, users, business analysts, programmers, and so on—to jointly define and design information systems | JAD
# uses project characteristics in a mathematical model to estimate project costs | Parametric modeling
# Using a systems approach is critical to successful project management.| True
# Using good ____________________ can change the false perception that costs grow and failures are to be expected.| project cost management
# Using simplified percentage complete amounts for a one-year project with weekly reporting and an average task or work packet size of one week, you can expect about a(n) 	percent error rate | 1
# Using Six Sigma principles is an organization-wide commitment.| True
# Utility rises at a decreasing rate for a ____ person. | risk-averse
# Validated changes are output of | Perform quality control
# Value analysis is performed to get | A less costly way of doing the same work
# Variances are calculated by subtracting the actual cost or planned value from 	. | EV
# Verify Scope is closely related to: | Perform Quality Control
# Watts S. Humphrey defines a(n) ____________________ as anything that must be changed before delivery of the program.| software defect
# We can prevent defects by all of the followings | Carefully monitor project
# What approach to developing a WBS involves writing down or drawing ideas | mindmapping
# What approach to developing a WBS involves writing down or drawing ideas in a nonlinear format? | mind mapping
# What approach to developing a WBS involves writing down or drawing ideas in a nonlinear format? | mind mapping
# What approach to developing a WBS involves writing down or drawing ideas in a nonlinear format | mind mapping
# What approach to developing a WBS involves writing down or drawing ideas in a nonlinear format? | mind mapping
# What approach to developing a WBS involves writing down or drawing ideas in a non-linear format? | D. mind mapping
# What approach to developing a WBS involves writing down or drawing ideas in a non-linear format? | D. mind mapping
# What approach to developing a WBS involves writing down or drawing ideas in a nonlinear format? | mind mapping
# What are five stages in Tuckman's model of team development, in chronological order? | forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning
# What are five stages in Tuckman's model of team development, in chronological order? | forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning
# What are five stages in Tuckman's model of team development, in chronological order? | forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning
# What are the four parts of the communications model? | B. Sender, Message, Medium, Receiver
# What conflict resolution technique is a project manager using when he says, "I cannot deal with this issue now!" | Withdrawal
# What do many experts agree is the greatest threat to the success of any project? | a failure to communicate
# What do many experts agree is the greatest threat to the success of any project? | a failure to communicate
# What do many experts agree is the greatest threat to the success of any project? | a failure to communicate
# What do many experts agree is the greatest threat to the success of any project? | B. a failure to communicate
# What do many experts agree is the greatest threat to the success of any project? | a failure to communicate
# What does a resource histogram show that a responsibility assignment matrix does not? | Time
# What impact does a matrix organization have on project team development? | B. It complicates team development.
# What is a program? | A means to gain benefits and control of related projects
# What is a risk trigger? | D. Symptom of risk
# What is a risk trigger? | Indicator of the risk
# What is a risk trigger? | Indicator of the risk
# What is an example of project integration? | A. Accounting provides the cost estimate required for the help center's contingency plan.
# What is core of the advantages of a functional organization? | All employees report to one manager and have a clear chain of command
# What is core of the advantages of a functional organization? | All employees report to one manager and have a clear chain of command
# What is core of the advantages of a functional organization? | All employees report to one manager and have a clear chain of command
# What is critical path? | C.The longest path through the network, which represents the shortest amount of time in which a project can be completed. 
# What is not the purpose of project quality management? | D. to ensure that the project team doesn't miss any requirement item
# What is not the purpose of project quality management? | D. to ensure that the project team doesn't miss any requirement item
# What is not the purpose of project quality management? | D. to ensure that the project team doesn't miss any requirement item
# What is one of the KEY objectives during contract negotiations? | Obtain a fair and reasonable price
# What is one of the key problems with using crashing rather than fast tracking to compress project duration? | 2.Budget constraints
# What is Team Development? | D. Helping people work together more effectively to improve project performance
# What is the certification program called that the Project Management Institute provides? | Project Management Professional (PMP)
# What is the difference between PDM and ADM? | ADM places activities on arrows; PDM places activities on nodes.
# What is the difference between PDM and ADM? | ADM places activities on arrows; PDM places activities on nodes.
# What is the difference between scope verification and quality control? | D.Scope verification is primarily concerned with the acceptance of work results while quality control is primarily concerned with the correctness of work results. 
# What is the difference between scope verification and quality control? | D.Scope verification is primarily concerned with the acceptance of work results while quality control is primarily concerned with the correctness of work results. 
# What is the difference between scope verification and quality control? | D.Scope verification is primarily concerned with the acceptance of work results while quality control is primarily concerned with the correctness of work results. 
# What is the duration of a milestone? | There is no duration
# What is the duration of a milestone? | There is no duration
# What is the first process in planning a project schedule? | B. defining activities
# What is the first step in a Monte Carlo analysis? | C Assess the range for the variables being considered.
# What is the first step in the four-stage planning process for selecting information technology projects? | information technology strategy planning
# What is the last step in four-stage planning processes for selecting information technology project?|Resource allocation
# What is the last step in four-stage planning processes for selecting information technology project? | resource allocation
# What is the last step in four-stage planning processes for selecting information technology project? | Resource allocation
# What is the last step in four-stage planning processes for selecting information technology project? | resource allocation
# What is the last step in four-stage planning processes for selecting information technology project? | resource allocation
# What is the last step in the four-stage planning process for selecting information technology projects? |  resource allocation
# What is the last step in the four-stage planning process for selecting information technology projects? | resource allocation
# What is the last step in the four-stage planning process for selecting information technology projects? | resource allocation
# What is the last step in the four-stage planning process for selecting information technology projects? | D. resource allocation
# What is the last step in the four-stage planning process for selecting information technology projects | Resource allocation
# What is the last step in the four-stage planning process for selecting information technology projects? | resource allocation
# What is the main goal of project cost management? | B. to complete a project within an approved budget
# What is the preferred order for performing testing on information technology projects? | A. unit testing, integration testing, system testing, user acceptance testing
# What is the preferred order for performing testing on information technology projects? | A. unit testing, integration testing, system testing, user acceptance testing
# What is the primary purpose of a milestone chart? | C.To show significant events in the project such as completion of key deliverables. 
# What is the process that evaluates the influence of the risk quantitatively by the amount of money, etc.? | A. Quantitative Risk Analysis
# What is the purpose of the WBS? | B.To ensure that all work within a project is identified and defined within a common framework. 
# What is the purpose of the WBS? | B.To ensure that all work within a project is identified and defined within a common framework. 
# What is the structured review process from Procurement Planning to Contract Administration? | D. Procurement audits
# What IT function has the largest percentage of work outsourced? | B. Disaster recovery
# What IT function has the largest percentage of work outsourced? | B. Disaster recovery
# What major restaurant chain terminated a large project after spending $170 millions on it | McDonald's
# What major restaurant chain terminated a large project after spending $170 millions on it, primarily because they realized the project scope was too much to handle? | McDonald's
# What methodology was developed in the U.K., defines 45 separate subprocesses, and organizes these into eight process groups? | PRINCE2
# What percentage of the total distribution is 1 sigma from the mean equal to? | 68.29%
# What percentage of the total distribution is 1 sigma from the mean equal to? | 68.29% 
# What percentage of the total distribution is 3 sigma from the mean equal to? | 99.73%
# What popular book illustrates the concept that people are not interchangeable parts and uses the analogy that you cannot take nine women and produce a baby in one month? | D. Brooks’s The Mythical Man•Month
# What should be done with risks on the watchlist? | Document them and revisit during project monitoring and controlling
# What symbol on a Gantt chart represents a slipped milestone? | D. a white diamond
# What technique can you use to resolve resource conflicts by delaying tasks? | resource leveling
# What technique can you use to resolve resource conflicts by delaying tasks? | resource leveling
# What technique can you use to resolve resource conflicts by delaying tasks? | resource leveling
# What technique can you use to resolve resource conflicts by delaying tasks? | B. resource leveling
# What technique can you use to resolve resource conflicts by delaying tasks? | resource leveling
# What term is used to describe when an organization acquires goods and/or sources from an outside source in another country? | offshoring
# What the term used to describe a framework of the phases involved in developing information systems? | systems development life cycle
# What theory proposes that employees' efforts will lead to effective performance and the employees will be rewarded for accomplishments? | Expectancy
# What tool and technique is used for all of the other project integration management processes? | expert judgment
# What tool can you use to determine whether a process is in control or out of control? | B. a control chart
# What tool can you use to help manage stakeholders by ranking scope, time, and cost goals in order of importance and provide guidelines on balancing these constraints? | C. issue log
# What tool could you use to see if there is a relationship between two variables? | D. a scatter diagram
# What type of contract do you NOT want to use if you do not have enough labor to audit invoices? | Cost plus fixed fee (CPFF) 
# What type of diagram shows planned and actual project schedule information? | C. a Tracking Gantt chart
# What type of report do project teams create to reflect on what went right and what went wrong with the project? | lessons-learned report
# What works on one project may not work on another, so it is essential for project managers to continue to develop their knowledge and 	in managing projects. | skills
# When a product or service completely meets a customer's requirements: | Quality is achieved
# When a product or service completely meets a customer's requirements: | quality is achieved.
# When a project manager is engaged in negotiations, nonverbal communication skills are of: | Major importance
# When an information system does not function correctly, it is generally a slight inconvenience.| False
# When an organization outsources work, it often does not have as much control over those aspects of projects that suppliers carry out.| True
# When deciding what projects to invest in or continue, you should include sunk costs.| False
# When developing an estimate for a large software project, estimates cannot be made before clear system requirements have been produced.| False
# When do stakeholders have the MOST influence on a project? | At the beginning of the project
# When is the earned-value approach appropriate to use. | A. When accurate and timely cost data are available.
# When is the earned-value approach appropriate to use. | A. When accurate and timely cost data are available.
# When is the earned-value approach appropriate to use. | A. When accurate and timely cost data are available.
# When it comes to changes, the project manager's attention is BEST given to: | Preventing unnecessary changes
# When justifying investments in new information systems and technology, the focus should only be on revenues or expenses.| False
# When planning cost for the project, project manager included 10% of estimated effort in estimation of future|Contingency reserves
# When project managers use a(n) ____________________, they are better able to make decisions that address the needs of the entire organization.| systems approach
# When resources are used on a more constant basis, they require more management.| False
# When should a change request be documented? | D. Client and contractor jointly document and approve the change before the work is scheduled
# When should a risk be avoided? | B. When the risk event is unacceptable -- generally one with a very high probability of occurrence and high impact. 
# When should a risk be avoided? | When the risk event is unacceptable -- generally one with a very high probability of occurrence and high impact.
# When should a risk be avoided? | When the risk event is unacceptable -- generally one with a very high probability of occurrence and high impact. 
# When should a risk be avoided? | When the risk event is unacceptable -- generally one with a very high probability of occurrence and high impact. 
# When should a risk be avoided? | When the risk event is unacceptable -- generally one with a very high probability of occurrence and high impact. 
# When should risk identification be performed? (select best answer) | D. Risk identification should be performed on a regular basis throughout the project.
# When should risk identification be performed? (select best answer) | D. Risk identification should be performed on a regular basis throughout the project.
# When the stakes are high, ____________________ is never far away.| conflict
# When using the 	, project managers exert their viewpoint at the potential expense of another viewpoint. | forcing mode
# When using the 	, project managers retreat or withdraw from an actual or potential disagreement | withdrawal mode
# When using the 	, the project manager deemphasizes or avoids areas of differences and emphasizes areas of agreement | smoothing mode
# When using the ______, project manager directly face…. | Confrontation 
# When using the ________, project managers directly face a conflict using a problem-solving approach that allows affected parties to work through their disagreements. | confrontation mode
# When using the ________, project managers directly face a conflict using a problem-solving approach that allows affected parties to work through their disagreements. | confrontation mode
# When using the ________, project managers directly face a conflict using a problem-solving approach that allows affected parties to work through their disagreements. | confrontation mode
# When using the ________, project managers directly face a conflict using a problem-solving approach that allows affected parties to work through their disagreements. | confrontation mode
# When using the ________, the project manager deemphasizes or avoids areas of differences and emphasizes areas of agreement. | smoothing mode
# When using the ________, the project manager deemphasizes or avoids areas of differences and emphasizes areas of agreement. | smoothing mode
# When using the ________, the project manager deemphasizes or avoids areas of differences and emphasizes areas of agreement. | smoothing mode
# When using the _________, project managers retreat or withdraw from actual or potential disagreement. This approach is also called avoiding mode. | Withdrawal mode
# When using the _________, project managers retreat or withdraw from actual or potential disagreement. This approach is also called avoiding mode. | Withdrawal mode
# When using the confrontation mode, project managers directly face a conflict using a problem-solving approach that allows affected parties to work through their disagreements.| True
# When would a milestone chart be used instead of a bar chart? | Reporting to management
# When you see the functional form of organization on the exam, think ___ | "silo"
# When you separate business and organizational issues from project management planning, you do a better job of ensuring project success.| False
# When you use face-to-face communication, … actual words. | true
# Which communication skill is most important for information technology professionals for career advancement? | speaking
# Which communication skill is most important for information technology professionals for career advancement? | speaking
# Which communication skill is most important for information technology professionals for career advancement? | speaking
# Which communication skill is most important for information technology professionals for career advancement? | C. speaking
# Which communication skill is most important for information technology professionals for career advancement? | C. speaking
# Which communication skill is most important for information technology professionals for career advancement? | speaking
# Which describes the product and the service to be delivered in an agreement? | SOW
# Which is incorrect as the purpose of creating a Project plan? | D. Review the cost.
# Which is incorrect as the purpose of creating a Project plan? | D. Review the cost.
# Which is not a disadvantage of virtual teams? | Increasing costs because it requires office space or requires more support
# Which is not a disadvantage of virtual teams? | Increasing costs because it requires office space or requires more support
# Which is not a disadvantage of virtual teams? | Increasing costs because it requires office space or requires more support
# Which is not a process group in project management (as mentioned in the PMBOK)?|Feedback
# Which is not a process group in project management (as mentioned in the PMBOK)? | Feedback
# Which is not a process group in project management lifecycle (as mentioned in the PMBOK)? | Feedback process group
# Which is not a process group in project management lifecycle (as mentioned in the PMBOK)? | Feedback process group
# Which is not a process in the Risk Management knowledge area? | Risk Design
# Which is not a process in the Risk Management knowledge area? | Risk Design
# Which is not a process in the Risk Management knowledge area? | Risk Design
# Which is not a process in the Risk Management knowledge area? | Risk Design
# Which is not a project attribute? | A project should have only one project manager and one technical leader
# Which is not a project attribute? | A project should have only one project manager and one technical leader
# Which is not a project attribute? | A project should have only one project manager and one technical leader
# Which is not a task that is taken in pre-initiation phase | Develop project charter
# Which is not a task that is taken in pre-initiation phase? | Develop project charter
# Which is NOT a task that is taken in pre-initiation phase? | Develop project charter
# Which is not a task that is taken in pre-initiation phase? | Develop project charter
# Which is not a task that is taken in pre-initiation phase? | Develop project charter
# Which is not a task that is taken in pre-initiation phase? | Develop project charter
# Which is NOT a task that is taken in pre-initiation phase?|Develop project charter
# Which is not an activity of Time management knowledge area? | Project Plan Development
# Which is not an activity of Time management knowledge area? | Project Plan Development
# Which is not an advantage of project management? | Improve developer's skill
# Which is not an advantage of project management? | Improve developer's skill
# Which is not an appropriate description of the work of Integrated Change Control? | B. Change the Schedule only.
# Which is the contract form specifying an amount when the scope is made clear? | C. Fixed-price
# Which is the correct explanation of Scope? | D. The sum of the products and services created as a project
# Which is the correct explanation of Scope? | The sum of the products and services created as a project
# Which is the correct explanation of Scope? | The sum of the products and services created as a project
# Which is the correct explanation of Scope? | The sum of the products and services created as a project
# Which is the most appropriate description of the stakeholder's influence on the project life cycle? | Maximum at the start and then gradually weakens towards the end of the project.
# Which is the most appropriate description of the stakeholder's influence on the project life cycle? | Maximum at the start and then gradually weakens towards the end of the project.
# Which is the most appropriate description of the stakeholder's influence on the project life cycle? | B. Maximum at the start and then gradually weakens towards the end of the project.
# Which is the most appropriate description of the stakeholder's influence on the project life cycle? | B. Maximum at the start and then gradually weakens towards the end of the project.
# Which is the most appropriate description of the stakeholder's influence on the project life cycle? | Maximum at the start and then gradually weakens towards the end of the project.
# Which is the most appropriate description that explains a project team member? | The group that carries out the work of the project
# Which is the most appropriate description that explains a project team member? | The group that carries out the work of the project.
# Which is the most appropriate description that explains a project team member? | D. The group that carries out the work of the project.
# Which is the most appropriate description that explains a project team member? | The group that carries out the work of the project.
# Which is the one not included in the features of a project? | C. Fixed operation
# Which is the one not included in the features of a project? | Fixed operation
# Which is the one not included in the features of a project? | Fixed operation
# Which is the one not included in the features of a project? | Fixed operation
# Which is/are the element(s) that may be a constraint in the project? | D. Cost, time, and quality
# Which motivational theory uses the concept of theory X? | C. McGregor
# Which of Covey’s habits does Douglas Ross suggest differentiates good project managers from average or poor project managers | Seek first to understand, then to be understood
# Which of followings can be used to perform trend analysis to forecast future outcomes based on historical patterns ? | run chart
# Which of followings can be used to perform trend analysis to forecast future outcomes based on historical patterns | Run chart
# Which of media is the best choice when you want to express support or appreciation | Email
# which of media is the best choice when you want to make a simple request | Telephone call/Email
# Which of the following are ALL items included in the cost management plan? | Specifications for how estimates should be stated, rules for measuring cost performance, the level of accuracy needed for estimates
# Which of the following are GENERALLY illustrated BETTER by bar charts than network diagrams? | Progress or status
# Which of the following are GENERALLY illustrated BETTER by bar charts than network diagrams? | Progress or status
# Which of the following are NOT the direct results of managing the project team? | Negotiating staff assignments
# Which of the following are NOT the direct results of managing the project team | Negotiating staff assignments
# Which of the following are outputs from the Communications Planning process? | B. Communications management plan
# Which of the following are outputs of the Scope Verification Process? | C.Formal acceptance 
# Which of the following best describes a directly face a conflict using a problem-solving conflict resolution technique? | Confrontation
# Which of the following best describes a directly face a conflict using a problem-solving conflict resolution technique | Confrontation 
# Which of the following BEST describes a project management plan? | Risk, staffing, process improvement, and other management plans
# Which of the following BEST describes product analysis? | Gaining a better understanding of the product of the project in order to create the project scope statement
# Which of the following BEST describes the project manager's role as an integrator? | Put all the pieces of a project into a cohesive whole
# Which of the following BEST describes the project manager's role during the procurement process? | The project manager should supply an understanding of the risks of the project
# Which of the following can be used to determine what work is included in | Work Breakdown Structure Dictionary
# Which of the following can be used to determine what work is included in each work package for each of your team members? | Work Breakdown Structure Dictionary
# Which of the following can create the MOST misinterpretation in the project scope statement? | Imprecise language
# Which of the following can we use to show if there is a relationship | Scatter diagram
# Which of the following characteristics shows the degree to which work activities are organized around groups or team, rather than individuals?|Group emphasis
# Which of the following characteristics shows the degree to which work activities are organized around groups or team, rather than individuals? | group emphasis
# Which of the following choices indicates that a project has a burn rate of 1.5? | The AC is 100 and the EV is 150.
# Which of the following choices indicates that a project has a burn rate of 1.5? (Hint: Burn rate is the same as the Cost Performance Index) | The AC is 100 and the EV is 150.
# Which of the following choices indicates that a project has a burn rate of 1.2? (Hint: Burn rate is the same as the Cost Performance Index) | B. The AC is 100 and the EV is 120.
# Which of the following choices indicates that a project has a burn rate of 1.2? (Hint: Burn rate is the same as the Cost Performance Index) | B. The AC is 100 and the EV is 120.
# Which of the following choices indicates that a project has a burn rate of 1.5? (Hint: Burn rate is the same as the Cost Performance Index) | The AC is 100 and the EV is 150.
# Which of the following concerns on tactical goals? | Project management
# Which of the following concerns on tactical goals?|Project management
# Which of the following conflict resolution techniques will generate the MOST lasting solution? | Problem solving
# Which of the following contract types places the greatest risk on the seller? | Firm-fixed-price contract
# Which of the following contract types places the greatest risk on the seller? | D. Firm-fixed-price contract 
# Which of the following contract types places the greatest risk on the seller? | Firm-fixed-price contract 
# Which of the following could be an appropriate WBS code for a work package at the fourth level in a WBS where the top level code is 1.0? | B.1.1.1.1 
# Which of the following could be an appropriate WBS code for a work package at the fourth level in a WBS where the top level code is 1.0? | 1.2.3.4
# Which of the following definition is not correct: | C. Team Building - Forming a team from scratch for a new project. 
# Which of the following describe the BEST use of historical records from | Estimating, risk management, and project planning
# Which of the following describe the BEST use of historical records from previous projects? | Estimating, risk management, and project planning
# Which of the following describes how project requirements will be analyzed, documented, and managed | A requirements management plan
# Which of the following describes the BEST use of historical records from previous projects: | Estimating, risk management, and project planning
# Which of the following describes the theory Z style of management? | Theory Z is based on the Japanese approach to motivating workers, emphasizing trust, quality, collective decision making, and cultural values
# Which of the following describes the theory Z style of management | Theory Z is based on the Japanese approach to motivating workers, emphasizing trust, quality, collective decision making, and cultural values
# Which of the following explains why quality is planned in and not inspected in? | It improves quality and is less expensive
# Which of the following functions does not pertain to the roles and responsibilities of the project manager ? | B. Staffing
# Which of the following Human Resource process generates Roles & Responsibilities : | A. Human Resource Planning 
# Which of the following is a benefit of an analogous project estimate? | It gives the project team an understanding of management's expectations 
# Which of the following is a chief characteristic of the Delphi technique | Expert opinion
# Which of the following is a common characteristic of most project life cycle descriptions? | A.Cost and staffing are low at the start, higher towards the end, and drop rapidly as the project nears completion. 
# Which of the following is a common characteristic of most project life cycle descriptions? | A.Cost and staffing are low at the start, higher towards the end, and drop rapidly as the project nears completion. 
# Which of the following is a KEY attribute of scope verification? | Customer acceptance of project deliverables 
# Which of the following is a KEY output of the Verify Scope process? | Customer acceptance of project deliverables 
# Which of the following is a line chart that show data points plotted in the order in which they occur | run chart
# Which of the following is a not a potential advantage of using good project management? | Lower cost of capital
# Which of the following is a task at the lowest level of the WBS | A work package
# Which of the following is an advantage of centralized contracting? | Increased expertise
# Which of the following is an example of a parametric estimate? | Dollars per module
# Which of the following is an important input to the integrated change control process? | Work performance information
# Which of the following is an output of the Collect Requirements process? | Requirements traceability matrix
# Which of the following is CORRECT | The critical path helps prove how long the project will take
# Which of the following is CORRECT in regard to the Control Scope process? | The Scope Control process must be integrated with other control processes
# Which of the following is CORRECT? | A critical path can run over a dummy
# Which of the following is included in a project charter? | The business need for the project
# Which of the following is NOT a best practice for new product development projects?|select projects that will take less than two years to provide payback
# Which of the following is not a best practice for new product development projects? | select projects that will take less than two years to provide payback
# Which of the following is not a best practice for new product development | selectprojects that will take less than two years to provide payback
# Which of the following is not a best practice for new product development projects? | select projects that will take less than two years to provide payback
# Which of the following is NOT a best practice for new product development projects? | select projects that will take less than two years to provide payback
# Which of the following is not a best practice for new product development projects? | select projects that will take less than two years to provide payback
# Which of the following is not a best practice for new product development projects? | select projects that will take less than two years to provide payback
# Which of the following is not a best practice for new product development projects? | select projects that will take less than two years to provide payback
# Which of the following is not a best practice that can help in avoiding scope problems on information technology project? | Don't involve too many users in scope management
# Which of the following is not a best practice that can help in avoiding scope problems on information technology project? | Don't involve too many users in scope management
# Which of the following is not a best practice that can help in avoiding scope problems on information technology projects? | 	D. Don’t involve too many users in scope management
# Which of the following is not a best practice that can help in avoiding scope problems on information technology project? | Don't involve too many users in scope management
# Which of the following is not a guideline to help improve time spent at meetings? | Invite extra people who support your project to make it run more smoothly
# Which of the following is not a guideline to help improve time spent at meetings? | B. Invite extra people who support your project to make it run more smoothly.
# Which of the following is not a guideline to help improve time spent at meetings? | Invite extra people who support your project to make it run more smoothly
# Which of the following is not a key output of project cost management? | B. a cost management plan
# Which of the following is not a phase of the traditional project life cycle? | system analysis
# Which of the following is not a phase of the traditional project life cycle? | A. System analysis
# Which of the following is not a preferred section in communication plan? | Training activities
# Which of the following is not a preferred section in communication plan? | Training activities
# Which of the following is not a preferred section in communication plan? | Training activities
# Which of the following is not a preferred section in communication plan? | Training activities
# Which of the following is not a primary input of activity duration estimation process? | WBS Dictionary
# Which of the following is not a primary input of activity duration estimation process? | WBS Dictionary
# Which of the following is not a primary input of activity duration estimation process? | WBS Dictionary
# Which of the following is not a process in project communications management? | A. information planning
# Which of the following is NOT a process in the project life cycle? | D. Project reporting
# Which of the following is not a process of communication management? | Acquiring project team
# Which of the following is NOT a process of communication management? | Acquiring project team
# Which of the following is not a process of communication management? | Acquiring project team
# Which of the following is not a process of communication management? | Acquiring project team
# Which of the following is not a process of Project Communcations Management? | D. Conflict Resolution
# Which of the following is not a process of project human resource management? | C. Information Distribution
# which of the following is NOT a project | a technician updates incorrect data weekly 
# Which of the following is not a sugge control? | minimizechange
# Which of the following is not a suggestion for improving user input? | Only have meetings as needed, not on a regular basis
# Which of the following is not a suggestion for improving user input? | Only have meetings as needed, not on a regular basis
# Which of the following is not a suggestion for improving user input? | D. Only have meetings as needed, not on a regular basis
# Which of the following is not a suggestion for improving user input? | Only have meetings as needed, not on a regular basis
# Which of the following is not a suggestion for performing integrated change control? | minimize change
# Which of the following is not a suggestion for performing integrated change control? | minimize change
# Which of the following is not a suggestion for performing integrated change control? | minimize change
# Which of the following is not a suggestion for performing integrated change control? | minimize change
# Which of the following is not a suggestion for performing integrated change control? | B. Minimize change
# Which of the following is not a suggestion for performing integrated change control? | B. Minimize change
# Which of the following is not a tool or technique for managing project teams? | D. Social Styles Profile 
# Which of the following is not a tool or technique for managing project teams? | D. Social Styles Profile 
# Which of the following is not a tool or technique used during the Risk Quantification Process? | B. Contingency planning
# Which of the following is not an attribute of a project? | project involve little uncertainly
# Which of the following is NOT an example of a type of schedule report? | C.fishbone diagram 
# Which of the following is NOT an example of a type of schedule report? | C.fishbone diagram 
# Which of the following is not an output from the activity duration estimating process? | WBS
# Which of the following is not an output from the activity duration estimating process? | WBS
# Which of the following is not an output from the activity duration estimating process? | WBS
# Which of the following is not an output of activity resource estimation process? | WBS Dictionary
# Which of the following is not an output of activity resource estimation process? | WBS Dictionary
# Which of the following is not an output of activity resource estimation process? | WBS Dictionary
# Which of the following is not considered a cost of nonconformance to quality? | D. Process control
# Which of the following is NOT needed in order to come up with a project estimate? | A change control system
# Which of the following is not one of the top ten skills or competencies of an effective project manager? | technical skills
# Which of the following is not one project attribute? | Has one or more purposes
# Which of the following is not one project attribute?|Has one or more purposes
# Which of the following is not part of project human resource management? | Resource estimating
# Which of the following is not part of project human resource management? | Resource estimating
# Which of the following is not part of project human resource management? | Resource estimating
# Which of the following is not part of project human resource management? | A. Resource estimating
# Which of the following is not part of project human resource management? | Resource estimating
# Which of the following is not part of the three-sphere model for systems management? | information
# Which of the following is not part of the three-sphere model for systems management? | Information
# Which of the following is not part of the triple constraint of project management? | meeting communication goals
# Which of the following is not part of the triple constraint of project management? | Communication
# Which of the following is output of the scope verification processFormal acceptance | Formal acceptance 
# Which of the following is part of the expectency theory of motivation? | C. People tend to be highly productive and motivated if they believe their efforts will lead to successful results and that success will lead to personal rewards. 
# Which of the following is the BEST project management tool to use to determine the longest time the project will take? | Network diagram
# Which of the following is the BEST project management tool to use to determine the longest time the project will take? | Network diagram
# Which of the following is the BEST thing for a project manager to do in the Conduct Procurements process of procurement management? | Answer sellers' questions about bid documents
# Which of the following is the BEST thing to do to try to complete a project two days earlier? | Meet with the team and look for options for crashing or fast tracking the critical path
# Which of the following is the cost incurred to correct an identified defect before the customer receives the product? | internal failure cost
# Which of the following is the cost incurred to correct an identified defect before the customer receives the product? | internal failure cost
# Which of the following is the cost of evaluating processes and their outputs to ensure that a project is error-free or within an accepted or rejected? | appraisal cost
# Which of the following is the cost of evaluating processes and their outputs to ensure that a project is error-free or within an accepted or rejected? | appraisal cost
# Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of poor risk management? | Lack of a prioritized list of risks (NOT Inadequate risk response planning)
# Which of the following IT project portfolio categories will an organization have the highest risk when implementing? | transform the business projects 
# Which of the following items is not a primary input for Scope Verification process? | Project reports
# Which of the following items is not a primary input for Scope Verification process? | Project reports
# Which of the following items is not a primary output of Create WBS process? | Project Charter
# Which of the following items is not a primary output of Create WBS process? | Project Charter
# Which of the following items is not a step in four-stage planning processes for selecting IT project? | mind mapping
# Which of the following items is not a step in four-stage planning processes for selecting IT project? | mind mapping 
# Which of the following items is not a step in four-stage planning processes for selecting IT project? | mind mapping
# Which of the following items is not an objective of integrated change control?|Make sure that project get more money from customer
# Which of the following items is not an objective of integrated change control? | Make sure that project get more money from customer
# Which of the following items is not an objective of integrated change control? | Make sure that project get more money from customer
# Which of the following items is not an objective of integrated change control? | Make sure that project get more money from customer
# Which of the following items is not normally included in a project charter? | a Gantt chart
# Which of the following items is not normally included in a project charter? | a Gant chart
# Which of the following items is not normally included in a project charter? | a Gant chart
# Which of the following items is not normally included in a project charter? | D. A Gantt chart
# Which of the following items is not normally included in a project charter? | a Gant chart
# which of the following knowledge areas is a facilitating knowledge area tha means througn which the project objectives are achieved | human resources management 
# Which of the following knowledge areas leads to specific project objectives? | Scope management
# Which of the following leadership traits is MOST important for a project manager? | Communication
# Which of the following methods is used to provide a standard to measure performance? | Benchmarking
# Which of the following methods is used to provide a standard to measure performance? | Benchmarking
# Which of the following methods is used to provide a standard to measure performance? | Benchmarking
# Which of the following methods is used to provide a standard to measure performance? | Benchmarking
# Which of the following methods is used to provide a standard to measure performance? | Leveling
# Which of the following methods is used to provide a standard to measure performance? | Benchmarking
# Which of the following MUST be an agenda item at all team meetings? | Discussion of project risks
# Which of the following outputs is often completed before initiating a project?|Business case
# Which of the following outputs is often completed before initiating a project? | business case
# Which of the following outputs is often completed before initiating a project? | Business case
# Which of the following outputs is often completed before initiating a project? | Business case
# Which of the following outputs is often completed before initiating a project? | Business case
# Which of the following outputs is often completed before initiating project? | Business case
# Which of the following outputs is often completed before initiating a project? | Business case
# Which of the following processes includes asking team members about the time estimates for their activities and reaching the agreement on the calendar date for each activity? | Develop Schedule
# Which of the following processes incudes asking team members about the time estimates for their activities and reaching agreement on the calendar date for each activity? | Develop Schedule
# Which of the following processes is NOT a part of project integration management?|develop the project business case
# Which of the following processes is NOT a part of project integration management | develop the project business case
# Which of the following processes is not part of project integration management? | develop the project business case
# Which of the following processes is not part of project integration management? | develop the project business case
# Which of the following processes is not part of project integration management? | develop the project business case
# Which of the following processes is not part of project integration management? | A. develop the project business case
# Which of the following processes is not part of project integration management? | A. develop the project business case
# Which of the following processes is not part of project integration management? | develop the project business case
# Which of the following Project Scope Management processes involves subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components? | D.Scope Definition 
# Which of the following Project Scope Management processes involves subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components? | D.	Scope Definition
# Which of the following represent the portion of the approved total cost estimate planned to be spenton an activity during a given period? | Planned value (PV)
# Which of the following represent the portion of the approved total cost estimate planned to be spent on an activity during a given period? | Planned value (PV)
# Which of the following represents the estimated value of the work actually accomplished? | Earned value (EV)
# Which of the following risk events is MOST likely to interfere with attaining a project's schedule objective? | Delays in obtaining required approvals
# Which of the following sequences represents straight line depreciation? | $100, $100, $100
# Which of the following statements are FALSE regarding quality audits? | Quality audits are generally performed after scope verification, but can also be
# Which of the following statements are FALSE regarding quality audits? | Quality audits are generally performed after scope verification, but can also be performed in parallel with scope verification
# Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between project lifecycle phases and project management processes? | Project management processes can repeat within a project lifecycle.
# Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between project lifecycle phases and project management processes? | Project management processes can repeat within a project lifecycle.
# Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between project lifecycle phases and project management processes? | Project management processes can repeat within a project lifecycle.
# Which of the following statements concerning a scope statement are true? | A.It provides a documented basis for making future project decisions and for developing common understanding of the project scope among stakeholders. 
# Which of the following statements concerning a scope statement are true? | A.	It provides a documented basis for making future project decisions and for developing common understanding of the project scope among stakeholders. 
# Which of the following statements describes the relationship between project phases and project lifecycle? | D. Collectively, the project phases are known as the project lifecycle.
# Which of the following statements is false | a. Uncertainty and risk are lowest at the start of the project and greatest at the end
# Which of the following statements is false? | B. Duration and effort are synonymous terms.
# Which of the following statements is false? | B. Uncertainty and risk are lowest at the start of the project and greatest at the end.
# Which of the following statements is false? | D. Fast tracking is a technique for making cost and schedule trade-off to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost,
# Which of the following statements is false? | Uncertainty and risk are lowest at the start of the project and greatest at the end
# Which of the following statements is false? | Uncertainty and risk are lowest at the start of the project and greatest at the end.
# Which of the following statements is false? | Uncertainty and risk are lowest at the start of the project and greatest at the end.
# Which of the following statements is false? | Uncertainty and risk are lowest at the start of the project and greatest at the end.
# Which of the following tools and techniques are commonly used in the Scope Definition Process? | D.WBS templates 
# Which of the following tools and techniques are commonly used in the Scope Definition Process? | D.WBS templates 
# which of the following will help an organization make sure that the projects contribute to the entire enterprise's success | project management 
# Which of the followings is NOT an advantage of using formal project managements? | Reduce the number of reisk of the project
# Which of the followings is NOT an advantage of using formal project managements? | Reduce the number of risks of the project. 
# Which of the four frames of organizations addresses how meeting are run, employee dress codes, and expected work hours? | symbolic
# Which ofthe following activities occurs during the Plan Procurements process? | Make-or-buy decisions
# Which ofthe following BEST describes the relationship between standard deviation and risk? | Standard deviation tells you how unsure the estimate is
# Which ofthe following BEST describes the Verify Scope process? | It ensures customer acceptance, shows that the deliverable meets specifications, and provides a chance for differences of opinion to come to light
# Which process group normally requires the most resources and time? | executing
# Which process performs prioritization of the project risk? | C. Qualitative Risk Analysis
# Which risk identification tool involves deriving a consensus among a panel of experts using anonymous input regarding future events? | D. Delphi technique
# Which risk management process involves prioritizing risks based on their probability and impact of occurrence? | C. performing qualitative risk analysis
# Which risk management process involves prioritizing risks based on their probability and impact of occurrence? | C. performing qualitative risk analysis
# Which strategic technology considers in efficient using of computer resources, social responsibility, and environmental impact? | Green IT
# Which strategic technology considers in efficient using of computer resources, social responsibility, and environmental impact? | Green IT
# Which strategic technology considers in efficient using of computer resources, social responsibility, and environmental impact? | Business process modeling
# Which tool or technique for collecting requirements is often the most expensive and time consuming
# Which tool or technique for collecting requirements is often the most expensive and time consuming? | interview
# Which tool or technique for collecting requirements is often the most expensive and time consuming? | Interview
# Which tool or technique for collecting requirements is often the most expensive and time consuming? | interview
# Which tool or technique for collecting requirements is often the most expensive and time consuming? | A. interviews 
# Which tool or technique for collecting requirements is often the most expensive and time consuming? | interview
# Which type of contract has the least amount of risk for buyer | fixed-price
# Which type of contract has the least amount of risk for buyer | fixed-price
# Which type of contract has the least amount of risk for buyer | fixed-price
# Which type of contract has the least amount of risk for buyer | A. fixed-price
# Which type of contract has the least amount of risk for buyer | fixed-price
# Which type of contract has the least amount of risk for seller | cost plus percentage of costs
# Which type of contract has the least amount of risk for seller | cost plus percentage of costs
# Which type of contract has the least amount of risk for seller | cost plus percentage of costs
# Which type of contract has the least amount of risk for seller | C. cost plus percentage of costs
# Which type of contract has the least amount of risk for seller | cost plus percentage of costs
# Which type of cost is team training? | A. Direct
# Which type of cost is team training? | Direct
# Which type of cost is team training? | Direct
# Which type of cost is team training? | Direct
# While preparing your risk responses, you identify additional risks. What should you do? | Document the risk items, and calculate the expected monetary value based on probability and impact that result from the occurrences
# Who control the project budget in balance matrix organization structure?|Both project manager and functional manager
# Who control the project budget in balance matrix organization structure? | Both project manager and functional manager
# Who has the cost risk in a fixed price (FP) contract? | The seller
# Who has the MOST power in a projectized organization? | The project manager
# Who is directly responsible for satisfying project requirements? | C. The project manager.
# Who is ultimately responsible for quality management in the project? | Project manager
# Who is ultimately responsible for quality management in the project? | Project manager
# Who is ultimately responsible for quality management in the project? | Project manager
# Who is ultimately responsible for quality management on the project? | Project manager
# Who of the following are ALWAYS stakeholders? | An assembly line worker that will use the product of the project
# Who of the following are ALWAYS stakeholders? | An assembly line worker that will use the product of the project.
# Who should contribute to the development of the project plan? | B.Entire project team including project manager 
# William Ibbs and Young H. Kwak’s study revealed that the ____ industry had the lowest level of project management maturity in the area of risk management.| C information systems
# William Ibbs and Young H. Kwak’s study revealed that the ____ industry had the lowest level of project management maturity in the area of quality management.| C information systems
# William Ibbs and Young H. Kwak's study revealed that the ____ industry had the lowest level of project management maturity in the area of risk management. | information systems
# Winners in project delivery know that strong program managers—referred to as project leaders—are crucial to project success.| True
# With a clear contract statement of work, a seller completes work as specified, but the buyer is not pleased with the results. The contract is considered to be: | Complete
# With a(n) ____ contract, the buyer pays the supplier for allowable performance costs along with a predetermined fee and an incentive bonus. | B CPIF
# With a(n) ____ contract, the buyer pays the supplier for allowable performance costs plus a fixed fee payment usually based on a percentage of estimated costs. | A CPFF
# With a(n) ____ contract, the buyer pays the supplier for allowable performance costs along with a predetermined percentage based on total costs.|  CPPC
# With a(n) ____________________, you can simply add all the points to determine the best projects for selection, without having to multiply weights and scores and sum the results.| point model
# With the 	_, project managers use a give-and-take approach to resolving conflicts | compromise mode
# With which type of contract is the seller MOST concerned about project scope? | Fixed price 
# Within the category of programmer, there are several job titles used to describe the specific technologies the programmer uses, such as project manager programmer, systems analyst programmer, macro developer, and so on.| False
# Within the five overlapping process groups of initiating, planning, executing, controlling and closing which processes dominate in all project phases? | D. They are all essential in each phase
# Within the five overlapping process groups of initiating, planning, executing, controlling and closing which processes dominate in all project phases? | D. They are all essential in each phase
# Work arounds are determined during which step of risk management? | 4.Risk monitoring and control
# Work on a project is ongoing when the project manager overhears two workers arguing over what a set of instructions mean. The project manager investigates and discovers that the instructions for the construction of the concrete footings currently being poured were poorly translated between the different languages in use on the project. Which of the following is the BEST thing for the project manager to do FIRST? | Look for quality impacts of the poor translation of the instructions for the footings
# Work performance measurements are output of | Estimating activities resources
# You are a new project manager who has never managed a project before. You have been asked to plan a new project. It would be BEST in this situation to rely on ____ during planning in order to improve your chance of success. | Historical information
# You are a project manager for a major information systems project. Someone from the quality department comes to see you about beginning a quality audit of your project. The team, already under pressure to complete the project as soon as possible, objects to the audit. You should explain to the team that the purpose of a quality audit is:| To identify inefficient and ineffective policies
# You are a project manager for a new product development project that has four levels in the work breakdown structure. A network diagram has been created, the duration estimates have been compressed, and a schedule has been developed. What time management activity should you do NEXT? | Gain approval
# You are a project manager for the construction of a major new manufacturing plant that has never been done before. The project cost is estimated at $30,000,000 and will make use of three sellers. Once begun, the project cannot be cancelled, as there will be a large expenditure on plant and equipment. | Perform an identification of risks
# You are a project manager leading a cross-functional project team in a weak matrix environment. None of your project team members report to you functionally, and you do not have the ability to directly reward their performance. The project is difficult, involving tight date constraints and challenging quality standards. Which of the following types of project management power will likely be the MOST effective in this circumstance? | Expert
# You are a project manager on a $5,000,000 software development project. While working with your project team to develop a network diagram, you notice a series of activities that can be worked in parallel but must finish in a specific sequence. What type of activity sequencing method is required for these activities? | Precedence diagramming method
# You are a project manager on a $5,000,000 software development project. While working with your project team to develop a network diagram, your data architects suggest that quality could be improved if the data model is approved by senior management before moving on to other design elements. They support this suggestion with an article from a leading software development journal. Which of the following BEST describes what this type of input is called? | Discretionary dependency
# You are a project manager who was just assigned to take over a project from another project manager who is leaving the company. The previous project manager tells you that the project is on schedule, but only because he has constantly pushed the team to perform. What is the FIRST thing you should do as the new project manager? | Determine a management strategy
# You are about to take over a project from another project manager and find out the following information about the project. Activity Z has an early start (ES) of day 15 and a late start (LS) of day 20. Activity Z is a difficult activity. The cost performance index (CPI) is 1.1. The schedule performance index (SPI) is 0.8. There are 11 stakeholders on the project.| Schedule
# You are asked to prepare a budget for completing a project that was started last year and then shelved for six months. All the following would be included in the budget EXCEPT: | Sunk costs
# You are asked to select tools and techniques to implement a quality assurance program to supplement existing quality control activities. Which of the following would NOT be appropriate for this purpose? | Focus groups
# You are assigned as the project manager in the middle of the project. The project is within the baselines, but the customer is not happy with the performance of the project. What is the FIRST thing you should do? | Meet with the customer
# You are finding it difficult to evaluate the exact cost impact of risks. You should evaluate on a(n): | Qualitative basis
# You are in the middle of a complex negotiation when the other party says, "We need to finish in one hour because I have to catch my plane:' That person is using which of the following negotiatian strategies? | Deadline
# You are in the middle of a major new facility construction project. The structural steel is in place and the heating conduits are going into place, when a senior manager informs you that he is worried that the project will not meet the quality standards. What should you do in this situation? | Form a quality assurance team
# You are in the middle of executing a major modification to an existing product when you learn that the resources promised at the beginning of the project are not available. The BEST thing to do is to: | Explain the impact if the promised resources are not made available
# You are managing a project in a just-in-time environment. This will require more attention, because the amount of inventory in such an environment is generally: | 0 percent
# You are managing a six-month project and have held biweekly meetings with your project stakeholders. After five-and-a-half months of work, the project is on schedule and budget, but the stakeholders are not satisfied with the deliverables. This situation will delay the project completion by one month. The MOST important process that could have prevented this situation is: | Define Scope
# You are preparing a cost estimate for a building based on its location, purpose, number of square feet, and other characteristics. What cost estimating technique are you using? | A. parametric
# You are taking over a project and determine the following: | Schedule
# You are taking over a project during the planning process group and discover that six individuals have signed the project charter. Which of the following should MOST concern you? | Spending more time on configuration management
# You are the program level manager with several project activities underway. In the executing process group, you begin to become concerned about the accuracy of progress reports from the projects. What would BEST support your opinion that there is a problem? | Quality audits
# You are the project manager for the 987 Project. Should this project run over schedule, it will cost your organization $35,000 per day in lost sales. With four months to completion, you realize the project is running late. You decide, with management's approval, to add more project team members to the project plan to complete the work on time. This is an example of which of the following? | Crashing
# You are the project manager for the 987 Project. Should this project run over schedule, it will cost your organization $35,000 per day in lost sales. With four months to completion, you realize the project is running late. You decide, with management's approval, to change the relationship between several of the work packages so they begin in tandem rather than sequentially. This is an example of which one of the following? | Fast tracking
# You are the project manager for the 987 Project. Should this project run over schedule, it will cost your organization $35,000 per day in lost sales. With four months to completion, you realize the project is running late. You decide, with management's approval, to add more project team members to the project plan to complete the work on time. This is an example of which of the following? | Crashing
# You are the project manager for the 987 Project. Should this project run over schedule, it will cost your organization $35,000 per day in lost sales. With four months to completion, you realize the project is running late. You decide, with management's approval, to change the relationship between several of the work packages so they begin in tandem rather than sequentially. This is an example of which one of the following? | Fast tracking 
# You are the project manager for the 987 Project. Should this project run over schedule, it will cost your organization $35,000 per day in lost sales. With four months to completion, you realize the project is running late. You decide, with management's approval, to add more project team members to the project plan to complete the work on time. This is an example of which of the following? | Crashing
# You are the project manager for the 987 Project. Should this project run over schedule, it will cost your organization $35,000 per day in lost sales. With four months to completion, you realize the project is running late. You decide, with management's approval, to change the relationship between several of the work packages so they begin in tandem rather than sequentially. This is an example of which one of the following? | Fast tracking
# You are the project manager for the LLL Project. Steven, a project team member, is confused about network diagrams. Specifically, he wants to know what the critical path is in a network diagram. | The critical path is the path with the longest duration
# You are the project manager for the LLL Project. Steven, a project team member, is confused about network diagrams. Specifically | The critical path is the path with the longest duration
# You are the project manager for the MNB Project. You and your project team are about to enter into the activity duration estimating process. | The project contract
# You are the project manager for the MNB Project. You and your project team are about to enter into the activity duration estimating process. Which of the following will not be helpful in your meeting? | The project contract
# You are the project manager for the MNB Project. You and your project team are about to enter into the activity duration estimating process. Which of the following will not be helpful in your meeting? | The project contract
# You are the project manager for the MNB Project. You and your project team are about to enter into the activity duration estimating process. Which of the following will not be helpful in your meeting? | The project contract
# You are the project manager for the MNB Project. You and your project team are about to enter into the activity duration estimating process. Which of the following will not be helpful in your meeting? | The project contract
# You are the project manager for the POL Project. This project will use PERT to calculate the estimates for activity duration. For activity D, you have the following information: P=10 days, O=6 days, M=5 days. What is the result of PERT? | 6 days
# You are the project manager for the POL Project. This project will use PERT to calculate the estimates for activity duration. For activity D, you have the following information: P=10 days, O=6 days, M=5 days. What is the result of PERT? | 6 days
# You are the project manager for the POL Project. This project will use PERT to calculate the estimates for activity duration. For activity D, you have the following information: P=9, O=4, M=5. What is the result of PERT? | B. 5.5 weeks
# You are the project manager for the POL Project. This project will use PERT to calculate the estimates for activity duration. For activity D, you have the following information: P=10 days, O=6 days, M=5 days. What is the result of PERT? | 6 days
# You can assume that a task originally scheduled to take two months of one person’s time can be done in one month by two people.| False
# You can break down the technology risk category into hardware, software, and network technology.| True
# You can determine a project’s 	 by finding what discount rate results in an NPV of zero for the
# You can only enter duration estimates for work packages.| True
# You can separate technical skills and soft skills when working on information technology projects.| False
# You can use the ____________________ function in Excel to determine the IRR quickly.| Goal Seek
# You can use the NPV function in Microsoft Access to calculate the NPV quickly. | F
# You can use the NPV function in Microsoft Access to calculate the NPV quickly.| False
# You cannot start editing a technical report until someone else completes the first draft. What type of dependency does this represent? | A. finish-to-start
# You cannot start editing a technical report until someone else completes the first draft. What type of dependency does this represent? | A. finish-to-start
# You cannot tailor RUP to include the PMBOK process groups.| False
# You have a project with the following activities: Activity A takes 40 hours and can start after the project starts. Activity B takes 25 hours and should happen after the project starts. Activity C must happen after activity A and takes 35 hours. Activity D must happen after activities Band C and takes 30 hours. Activity E must take place after activity C and takes 10 hours. Activity F takes place after Activity E and takes 22 hours. Activities F and D are the last activities of the project. Which of the following is TRUE if activity B actually takes 37 hours? | The critical path is Start, A, C, E, F, End
# You have been appointed as the manager of a new, large, and complex project. Because this project is business-critical and very visible, senior management has told you to analyze the project's risks and prepare response strategies for them as soon as possible. The organization has risk management procedures that are seldom used or followed, and has had a history of handling risks badly. | Project sponsor
# You have been assigned to manage the development of an organization's first Web site. The site will be highly complex and interactive, and neither your project team nor the client has much experience with Web site development. The timeline is extremely aggressive. And delay will be costly for both your firm and the client. You have a project sponsor and have achieved agreement and sign-off on both the project charter and the project management plan. | A key stakeholder was not adequately involved in the project
# You have created the project charter, but could not get it approved. Your manager and his boss have asked that the project begins immediately. Which of the following is the BEST thing to do | Show your manager the impact of proceeding without approval
# You have just been assigned as project manager for a large manufacturing project. This one-year project is about halfway done. It involves five different sellers and 20 members of your company on the project team. You want to quickly review where the project now stands. Which of the following reports would be the MOST helpful in finding such information? | Progress
# You have just been assigned as project manager for a large telecommunications project. This one-year project is about halfway done. The project team consists of 5 sellers and 20 of your company's employees. You want to understand who is responsible for doing what on the project. Where would you find such information? | Responsibility assignment matrix
# You have just been assigned as the project manager for a new telecommunications project that is entering the second phase of the project. There appear to be many risks on this project, but no one has evaluated them to assess the range of possible project outcomes. What needs to be done? | Plan Risk Management
# You have just completed the initiating processes of a small project and are moving into the planning processes when a project stakeholder asks you for the projects budget and cost baseline. What should you tell her? | The project budget and baseline will not be finalized and accepted until the planning processes are completed
# You have just joined the project management office after five years of working on projects. One of the things you want to introduce to your company is the need to create and utilize WBSs. Some of the project managers are angry that you are asking them to do "extra work". | Tell them it will prevent work from slipping through the cracks
# You have just started administering a contract when management decides to terminate the contract. What should you do FIRST? | Go to the Close Procurements process
# You have two project stakeholders who do not get along at all. You know they both enjoy travelling, so you discuss great travel destinations when they are both in the room together to distract them from arguing with each other. | smoothing mode
# You have two project stakeholders who do not get along at all. You know they both enjoy travelling, so you discuss great travel destinations when they are both in the room together to distract them from arguing with each other. What conflict-handling mode are you using? | smoothing mode
# You have two project stakeholders who do not get along at all. You know they both enjoy traveling, so you discuss great travel destinations when they are both in the room together to distract them from arguing with each other. What conflict-handling mode are you using? | C. smoothing
# You have two project stakeholders who do not get along at all. You know they both enjoy travelling, so you discuss great travel destinations when they are both in the room together to distract them from arguing with each other. What conflict-handling mode are you using? | smoothing mode
# You just found out that a major subcontractor for your project consistently provides deliverables late. The subcontractor approaches you and asks you to continue accepting late deliverables in exchange for a decrease in project costs. This offer is an example of: | Compromise
# You provide a project cost estimate for the project to the project sponsor. He is unhappy with the estimate, because he thinks the price should be lower. He asks you to cut 15 percent off the project estimate. What should you do? | Inform the sponsor of the activities to be cut
# You were in the middle of a two-year project to deploy new technology to field offices across the country. A hurricane caused power outages just when the upgrade was near completion. When the power was restored, all of the project reports and historical data were lost with no way of retrieving them. What should have been done to prevent this problem? | Monitor the weather and have a contingency plan
# Your company can accept one of the three posible projects. Project A has a net present value (NPV) of $30,000 and will take six years to complete. Project B has a net present value of $60,000 and will take three years to complete. Project C has an NPV of $90,000 and will take four years to complete. | Project C
# Your company has an emergency and needs contracted work done as soon as possible. Under these circumstances, which of the following would be the MOST helpful to add to the contract? | Incentives
# Your company just won a major new project. It will begin in three months and is valued at $2,000,000. You are the project manager for an existing project. What is the FIRST thing you should do once you hear of the new project? | Ask management how the new project will affect your project
# Your cost forecast shows that you will have a cost overrun at the end of the project. Which of the following should you do? | Eliminate risks in estimates and reestimate
# Your management has decided that all orders will be treated as “project” and that project managers will be used to update orders daily, resolving issues and | Order incurring revenue over $100,000 would be considered project and would involve project management
# Your organization hired a specialist in a certain field to provide training for a short period of time. Which reason for outsourcing would this fall under? | accessing skills and technologies
# Your organization hired a specialist in a certain field to provide training for a short period of time. Which reason for outsourcing would this fall under? | accessing skills and technologies
# Your organization hired a specialist in a certain field to provide training for a short period of time. Which reason for outsourcing would this fall under? | accessing skills and technologies
# Your organization hired a specialist in a certain field to provide training for a short period of time. Which reason for outsourcing would this fall under? | C. accessing skills and technologies
# Your organization hired a specialist in a certain field to provide training for a short period of time. Which reason for outsourcing would this fall under? | C. accessing skills and technologies
# Your organization hired a specialist in a certain field to provide training for a short period of time. Which reason for outsourcing would this fall under? | C. accessing skills and technologies
# Your organization hired a specialist in a certain field to provide training for a short period of time. Which reason for outsourcing would this fall under? | accessing skills and technologies
# Your program manager has come to you, the project manager, for help with a bid for her newest project. You want to protect your company from financial risk. You have limited scope definition. What is the BEST type of contract to choose? | Cost plus fixed fee (CPFF)
# Your project has a medium amount of risk and is not very well defined. The sponsor hands you a project charter and asks you to confirm that the project can be completed within the project cost budget. What is the BEST method to handle this? | Build the estimate in the form of a range of possible results
# Your project has just been fast tracked and you are looking to quickly bring in a subcontractor to complete networking. There is no time to issue a request for proposal (RFP), so you choose to use a company you have used many times before for software development. A PRIMARY concern in this situation is: | The subcontractor's qualifications
# Your project involves using a new release of a common software application, but if that release is not available, your team has _________ plans to use the current release. | A. contingency
# Your project involves using a new release of a common software application, but if that release is not available, your team has _________ plans to use the current release. | A. contingency
# Your project management plan results in a project schedule that is too long. If the project network diagram cannot change but you have extra personnel resources, what is the BEST thing to do? | Crash the project
# Your project team has decided not to use an upcoming release of software because it might cause your schedule to slip. Which negative risk response strategy are you using? | A. avoidance
project | internal rate of return (IRR)
# ____ change orders are oral or written acts or omissions by someone with actual or apparent authority that can be construed to have the same effect as a written change order. | B Constructive
All of the following statements are true regarding decomposition EXCEPT: | Work should be decomposed to level where it cannot be logically subdivided further
Buyers often prepare a list when selecting a seller to make this process more manageable. | short
The management theory that states that workers dislike and avoid work, so managers must use coercion, threats, and various control schemes to get workers to meet objectives is  | Theory Y
A project team is working on manufacturing a new product, but they are having difficulty creating a project charter. What is the BEST description of the real problem? | They are working on a process and not a project.
During project executing, a large number of changes are made to the project. The project manager should | Make approved changes as needed. but retain the schedule baseline.
Effective project integration usually requires an emphasis on: | Effective communications at key interface points
Which of the following create MOST misinterpretation in the scope statement? | Imprecise language
The purpose of status meetings is to | Exchange information about the project.
A risk impact scale that uses rank-ordered values as very low, low, moderate, and high is considered: | An ordinal scale
Project management is "the application of knowledge tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements." | Skills
The highest point of Maslow's hierarchy of needs are listed below is called | Esteem.
In... . Organization structure type. project manager has "Moderate to high" authority | Strong Matrix
In planning your project, which would generally have highest priority: quality, cost. or schedule? | It should be decided for each project.
During the six month update on a 1 year, $50.000 project, the analysis shows that the PV is $25.000: the EV is $20.000 and the AC is $15,000. What can be determined from these figures? | The project is behind schedule and under cost.
What percentage of the total distribution is 2 sigma from the mean equal to? | 95.46%
All of the following statements about change control are INCORRECT EXCEPT | Contract should include procedures to accommodate changes
Project setup costs are example of  | Fixed costs
Which of the following statements regarding project charter is FALSE? | Document that constitute what the project is, what the project will deliver. and how all the processes will be managed