Ethereum 2.0 Phase 1 -- Custody Game

Notice: This document is a work-in-progress for researchers and implementers.

Introduction

This document details the beacon chain additions and changes in Phase 1 of Ethereum 2.0 to support the shard data custody game, building upon the Phase 0 specification.

Terminology

Custody game—
Custody period—
Custody chunk—
Custody chunk bit—
Custody chunk challenge—
Custody bit—
Custody bit challenge—
Custody key—
Custody key reveal—
Custody key mask—
Custody response—
Custody response deadline—

Constants

Misc

Name	Value
`BYTES_PER_SHARD_BLOCK`	`2**14` (= 16,384)
`BYTES_PER_CUSTODY_CHUNK`	`2**9` (= 512)
`MINOR_REWARD_QUOTIENT`	`2**8` (= 256)

Time parameters

Name	Value	Unit	Duration
`MAX_CHUNK_CHALLENGE_DELAY`	`2**11` (= 2,048)	epochs	~9 days
`CUSTODY_RESPONSE_DEADLINE`	`2**14` (= 16,384)	epochs	~73 days
`RANDAO_PENALTY_EPOCHS`	`2**1` (= 2)	epochs	12.8 minutes
`EARLY_DERIVED_SECRET_PENALTY_MAX_FUTURE_EPOCHS`	`2**14`	epochs	~73 days
`EPOCHS_PER_CUSTODY_PERIOD`	`2**11` (= 2,048)	epochs	~9 days
`CUSTODY_PERIOD_TO_RANDAO_PADDING`	`2**11` (= 2,048)	epochs	~9 days
`MAX_REVEAL_LATENESS_DECREMENT`	`2**7` (= 128)	epochs	~14 hours

Max operations per block

Name	Value
`MAX_CUSTODY_KEY_REVEALS`	`2**4` (= 16)
`MAX_EARLY_DERIVED_SECRET_REVEALS`	`1`
`MAX_CUSTODY_CHUNK_CHALLENGES`	`2**2` (= 4)
`MAX_CUSTODY_BIT_CHALLENGES`	`2**2` (= 4)
`MAX_CUSTODY_RESPONSES`	`2**5` (= 32)

Reward and penalty quotients

Name	Value
`EARLY_DERIVED_SECRET_REVEAL_SLOT_REWARD_MULTIPLE`	`2**1` (= 2)

Signature domain types

The following types are defined, mapping into DomainType (little endian):

Name	Value
`DOMAIN_CUSTODY_BIT_CHALLENGE`	`6`

TODO PLACEHOLDER

Name	Value
`PLACEHOLDER`	`2**32`

Data structures

Custody objects

`CustodyChunkChallenge`

class CustodyChunkChallenge(Container):
    responder_index: ValidatorIndex
    attestation: Attestation
    chunk_index: uint64

`CustodyBitChallenge`

class CustodyBitChallenge(Container):
    responder_index: ValidatorIndex
    attestation: Attestation
    challenger_index: ValidatorIndex
    responder_key: BLSSignature
    chunk_bits: Bytes[PLACEHOLDER]
    signature: BLSSignature

`CustodyChunkChallengeRecord`

class CustodyChunkChallengeRecord(Container):
    challenge_index: uint64
    challenger_index: ValidatorIndex
    responder_index: ValidatorIndex
    inclusion_epoch: Epoch
    data_root: Hash
    depth: uint64
    chunk_index: uint64

`CustodyBitChallengeRecord`

class CustodyBitChallengeRecord(Container):
    challenge_index: uint64
    challenger_index: ValidatorIndex
    responder_index: ValidatorIndex
    inclusion_epoch: Epoch
    data_root: Hash
    chunk_count: uint64
    chunk_bits_merkle_root: Hash
    responder_key: BLSSignature

`CustodyResponse`

class CustodyResponse(Container):
    challenge_index: uint64
    chunk_index: uint64
    chunk: Vector[Bytes[PLACEHOLDER], BYTES_PER_CUSTODY_CHUNK]
    data_branch: List[Hash, PLACEHOLDER]
    chunk_bits_branch: List[Hash, PLACEHOLDER]
    chunk_bits_leaf: Hash

New beacon operations

`CustodyKeyReveal`

class CustodyKeyReveal(Container):
    # Index of the validator whose key is being revealed
    revealer_index: ValidatorIndex
    # Reveal (masked signature)
    reveal: BLSSignature

`EarlyDerivedSecretReveal`

Represents an early (punishable) reveal of one of the derived secrets, where derived secrets are RANDAO reveals and custody reveals (both are part of the same domain).

class EarlyDerivedSecretReveal(Container):
    # Index of the validator whose key is being revealed
    revealed_index: ValidatorIndex
    # RANDAO epoch of the key that is being revealed
    epoch: Epoch
    # Reveal (masked signature)
    reveal: BLSSignature
    # Index of the validator who revealed (whistleblower)
    masker_index: ValidatorIndex
    # Mask used to hide the actual reveal signature (prevent reveal from being stolen)
    mask: Hash

Phase 0 container updates

Add the following fields to the end of the specified container objects. Fields with underlying type uint64 are initialized to 0 and list fields are initialized to [].

`Validator`

class Validator(Container):
    # next_custody_reveal_period is initialised to the custody period
    # (of the particular validator) in which the validator is activated
    # = get_reveal_period(...)
    next_custody_reveal_period: uint64
    max_reveal_lateness: uint64

`BeaconState`

class BeaconState(Container):
    custody_chunk_challenge_records: List[CustodyChunkChallengeRecord, PLACEHOLDER]
    custody_bit_challenge_records: List[CustodyBitChallengeRecord, PLACEHOLDER]
    custody_challenge_index: uint64

    # Future derived secrets already exposed; contains the indices of the exposed validator
    # at RANDAO reveal period % EARLY_DERIVED_SECRET_PENALTY_MAX_FUTURE_EPOCHS
    exposed_derived_secrets: Vector[List[ValidatorIndex, PLACEHOLDER],
                                    EARLY_DERIVED_SECRET_PENALTY_MAX_FUTURE_EPOCHS]

`BeaconBlockBody`

class BeaconBlockBody(Container):
    custody_chunk_challenges: List[CustodyChunkChallenge, PLACEHOLDER]
    custody_bit_challenges: List[CustodyBitChallenge, PLACEHOLDER]
    custody_responses: List[CustodyResponse, PLACEHOLDER]
    custody_key_reveals: List[CustodyKeyReveal, PLACEHOLDER]
    early_derived_secret_reveals: List[EarlyDerivedSecretReveal, PLACEHOLDER]

Helpers

`ceillog2`

def ceillog2(x: uint64) -> int:
    return x.bit_length()

`get_crosslink_chunk_count`

def get_custody_chunk_count(crosslink: Crosslink) -> int:
    crosslink_length = min(MAX_EPOCHS_PER_CROSSLINK, crosslink.end_epoch - crosslink.start_epoch)
    chunks_per_epoch = 2 * BYTES_PER_SHARD_BLOCK * SLOTS_PER_EPOCH // BYTES_PER_CUSTODY_CHUNK
    return crosslink_length * chunks_per_epoch

`get_bit`

def get_bit(serialization: bytes, i: uint64) -> int:
    """
    Extract the bit in ``serialization`` at position ``i``.
    """
    return (serialization[i // 8] >> (i % 8)) % 2

`get_custody_chunk_bit`

def get_custody_chunk_bit(key: BLSSignature, chunk: bytes) -> bool:
    # TODO: Replace with something MPC-friendly, e.g. the Legendre symbol
    return bool(get_bit(hash(key + chunk), 0))

`get_chunk_bits_root`

def get_chunk_bits_root(chunk_bits: bytes) -> Hash:
    aggregated_bits = bytearray([0] * 32)
    for i in range(0, len(chunk_bits), 32):
        for j in range(32):
            aggregated_bits[j] ^= chunk_bits[i + j]
    return hash(aggregated_bits)

`get_randao_epoch_for_custody_period`

def get_randao_epoch_for_custody_period(period: uint64, validator_index: ValidatorIndex) -> Epoch:
    next_period_start = (period + 1) * EPOCHS_PER_CUSTODY_PERIOD - validator_index % EPOCHS_PER_CUSTODY_PERIOD
    return Epoch(next_period_start + CUSTODY_PERIOD_TO_RANDAO_PADDING)

`get_reveal_period`

def get_reveal_period(state: BeaconState, validator_index: ValidatorIndex, epoch: Epoch=None) -> int:
    '''
    Return the reveal period for a given validator.
    '''
    epoch = get_current_epoch(state) if epoch is None else epoch
    return (epoch + validator_index % EPOCHS_PER_CUSTODY_PERIOD) // EPOCHS_PER_CUSTODY_PERIOD

`replace_empty_or_append`

def replace_empty_or_append(list: MutableSequence[Any], new_element: Any) -> int:
    for i in range(len(list)):
        if is_empty(list[i]):
            list[i] = new_element
            return i
    list.append(new_element)
    return len(list) - 1

Per-block processing

Operations

Add the following operations to the per-block processing, in the order given below and after all other operations in Phase 0.

Custody key reveals

Verify that len(block.body.custody_key_reveals) <= MAX_CUSTODY_KEY_REVEALS.

For each reveal in block.body.custody_key_reveals, run the following function:

def process_custody_key_reveal(state: BeaconState, reveal: CustodyKeyReveal) -> None:
    """
    Process ``CustodyKeyReveal`` operation.
    Note that this function mutates ``state``.
    """
    revealer = state.validators[reveal.revealer_index]
    epoch_to_sign = get_randao_epoch_for_custody_period(revealer.next_custody_reveal_period, reveal.revealed_index)

    assert revealer.next_custody_reveal_period < get_reveal_period(state, reveal.revealed_index)

    # Revealed validator is active or exited, but not withdrawn
    assert is_slashable_validator(revealer, get_current_epoch(state))

    # Verify signature
    assert bls_verify(
        pubkey=revealer.pubkey,
        message_hash=hash_tree_root(epoch_to_sign),
        signature=reveal.reveal,
        domain=get_domain(
            state=state,
            domain_type=DOMAIN_RANDAO,
            message_epoch=epoch_to_sign,
        ),
    )

    # Decrement max reveal lateness if response is timely
    if revealer.next_custody_reveal_period == get_reveal_period(state, reveal.revealer_index) - 2:
        revealer.max_reveal_lateness -= MAX_REVEAL_LATENESS_DECREMENT
    revealer.max_reveal_lateness = max(
        revealer.max_reveal_lateness,
        get_reveal_period(state, reveal.revealed_index) - revealer.next_custody_reveal_period
    )

    # Process reveal
    revealer.next_custody_reveal_period += 1

    # Reward Block Preposer
    proposer_index = get_beacon_proposer_index(state)
    increase_balance(
        state,
        proposer_index,
        Gwei(get_base_reward(state, reveal.revealer_index) // MINOR_REWARD_QUOTIENT)
    )

Early derived secret reveals

Verify that len(block.body.early_derived_secret_reveals) <= MAX_EARLY_DERIVED_SECRET_REVEALS.

For each reveal in block.body.early_derived_secret_reveals, run the following function:

def process_early_derived_secret_reveal(state: BeaconState, reveal: EarlyDerivedSecretReveal) -> None:
    """
    Process ``EarlyDerivedSecretReveal`` operation.
    Note that this function mutates ``state``.
    """
    revealed_validator = state.validators[reveal.revealed_index]
    derived_secret_location = reveal.epoch % EARLY_DERIVED_SECRET_PENALTY_MAX_FUTURE_EPOCHS

    assert reveal.epoch >= get_current_epoch(state) + RANDAO_PENALTY_EPOCHS
    assert reveal.epoch < get_current_epoch(state) + EARLY_DERIVED_SECRET_PENALTY_MAX_FUTURE_EPOCHS
    assert not revealed_validator.slashed
    assert reveal.revealed_index not in state.exposed_derived_secrets[derived_secret_location]

    # Verify signature correctness
    masker = state.validators[reveal.masker_index]
    pubkeys = [revealed_validator.pubkey, masker.pubkey]
    message_hashes = [
        hash_tree_root(reveal.epoch),
        reveal.mask,
    ]

    assert bls_verify_multiple(
        pubkeys=pubkeys,
        message_hashes=message_hashes,
        signature=reveal.reveal,
        domain=get_domain(
            state=state,
            domain_type=DOMAIN_RANDAO,
            message_epoch=reveal.epoch,
        ),
    )

    if reveal.epoch >= get_current_epoch(state) + CUSTODY_PERIOD_TO_RANDAO_PADDING:
        # Full slashing when the secret was revealed so early it may be a valid custody
        # round key
        slash_validator(state, reveal.revealed_index, reveal.masker_index)
    else:
        # Only a small penalty proportional to proposer slot reward for RANDAO reveal
        # that does not interfere with the custody period
        # The penalty is proportional to the max proposer reward

        # Calculate penalty
        max_proposer_slot_reward = (
            get_base_reward(state, reveal.revealed_index)
            * SLOTS_PER_EPOCH
            // len(get_active_validator_indices(state, get_current_epoch(state)))
            // PROPOSER_REWARD_QUOTIENT
        )
        penalty = Gwei(
            max_proposer_slot_reward
            * EARLY_DERIVED_SECRET_REVEAL_SLOT_REWARD_MULTIPLE
            * (len(state.exposed_derived_secrets[derived_secret_location]) + 1)
        )

        # Apply penalty
        proposer_index = get_beacon_proposer_index(state)
        whistleblower_index = reveal.masker_index
        whistleblowing_reward = Gwei(penalty // WHISTLEBLOWER_REWARD_QUOTIENT)
        proposer_reward = Gwei(whistleblowing_reward // PROPOSER_REWARD_QUOTIENT)
        increase_balance(state, proposer_index, proposer_reward)
        increase_balance(state, whistleblower_index, whistleblowing_reward - proposer_reward)
        decrease_balance(state, reveal.revealed_index, penalty)

        # Mark this derived secret as exposed so validator cannot be punished repeatedly
        state.exposed_derived_secrets[derived_secret_location].append(reveal.revealed_index)

Chunk challenges

Verify that len(block.body.custody_chunk_challenges) <= MAX_CUSTODY_CHUNK_CHALLENGES.

For each challenge in block.body.custody_chunk_challenges, run the following function:

def process_chunk_challenge(state: BeaconState, challenge: CustodyChunkChallenge) -> None:
    # Verify the attestation
    assert is_valid_indexed_attestation(state, get_indexed_attestation(state, challenge.attestation))
    # Verify it is not too late to challenge
    assert (compute_epoch_of_slot(challenge.attestation.data.slot)
            >= get_current_epoch(state) - MAX_CHUNK_CHALLENGE_DELAY)
    responder = state.validators[challenge.responder_index]
    assert responder.exit_epoch >= get_current_epoch(state) - MAX_CHUNK_CHALLENGE_DELAY
    # Verify the responder participated in the attestation
    attesters = get_attesting_indices(state, challenge.attestation.data, challenge.attestation.aggregation_bits)
    assert challenge.responder_index in attesters
    # Verify the challenge is not a duplicate
    for record in state.custody_chunk_challenge_records:
        assert (
            record.data_root != challenge.attestation.data.crosslink.data_root or
            record.chunk_index != challenge.chunk_index
        )
    # Verify depth
    depth = ceillog2(get_custody_chunk_count(challenge.attestation.data.crosslink))
    assert challenge.chunk_index < 2**depth
    # Add new chunk challenge record
    new_record = CustodyChunkChallengeRecord(
        challenge_index=state.custody_challenge_index,
        challenger_index=get_beacon_proposer_index(state),
        responder_index=challenge.responder_index,
        inclusion_epoch=get_current_epoch(state),
        data_root=challenge.attestation.data.crosslink.data_root,
        depth=depth,
        chunk_index=challenge.chunk_index,
    )
    replace_empty_or_append(state.custody_chunk_challenge_records, new_record)

    state.custody_challenge_index += 1
    # Postpone responder withdrawability
    responder.withdrawable_epoch = FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH

Bit challenges

Verify that len(block.body.custody_bit_challenges) <= MAX_CUSTODY_BIT_CHALLENGES.

For each challenge in block.body.custody_bit_challenges, run the following function:

def process_bit_challenge(state: BeaconState, challenge: CustodyBitChallenge) -> None:
    attestation = challenge.attestation
    epoch = compute_epoch_of_slot(attestation.data.slot)
    shard = attestation.data.crosslink.shard

    # Verify challenge signature
    challenger = state.validators[challenge.challenger_index]
    domain = get_domain(state, DOMAIN_CUSTODY_BIT_CHALLENGE, get_current_epoch(state))
    assert bls_verify(challenger.pubkey, signing_root(challenge), challenge.signature, domain)
    # Verify challenger is slashable
    assert is_slashable_validator(challenger, get_current_epoch(state))
    # Verify attestation
    assert is_valid_indexed_attestation(state, get_indexed_attestation(state, attestation))
    # Verify attestation is eligible for challenging
    responder = state.validators[challenge.responder_index]
    assert epoch + responder.max_reveal_lateness <= get_reveal_period(state, challenge.responder_index)

    # Verify the responder participated in the attestation
    attesters = get_attesting_indices(state, attestation.data, attestation.aggregation_bits)
    assert challenge.responder_index in attesters
    # Verifier challenger is not already challenging
    for record in state.custody_bit_challenge_records:
        assert record.challenger_index != challenge.challenger_index
    # Verify the responder custody key
    epoch_to_sign = get_randao_epoch_for_custody_period(
        get_reveal_period(state, challenge.responder_index, epoch),
        challenge.responder_index,
    )
    domain = get_domain(state, DOMAIN_RANDAO, epoch_to_sign)
    assert bls_verify(responder.pubkey, hash_tree_root(epoch_to_sign), challenge.responder_key, domain)
    # Verify the chunk count
    chunk_count = get_custody_chunk_count(attestation.data.crosslink)
    # Verify the first bit of the hash of the chunk bits does not equal the custody bit
    committee = get_crosslink_committee(state, epoch, shard)
    custody_bit = attestation.custody_bits[committee.index(challenge.responder_index)]
    assert custody_bit != get_bit(get_chunk_bits_root(challenge.chunk_bits), 0)
    # Add new bit challenge record
    new_record = CustodyBitChallengeRecord(
        challenge_index=state.custody_challenge_index,
        challenger_index=challenge.challenger_index,
        responder_index=challenge.responder_index,
        inclusion_epoch=get_current_epoch(state),
        data_root=attestation.data.crosslink.data_root,
        chunk_count=chunk_count,
        chunk_bits_merkle_root=hash_tree_root(challenge.chunk_bits),
        responder_key=challenge.responder_key,
    )
    replace_empty_or_append(state.custody_bit_challenge_records, new_record)
    state.custody_challenge_index += 1
    # Postpone responder withdrawability
    responder.withdrawable_epoch = FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH

Custody responses

Verify that len(block.body.custody_responses) <= MAX_CUSTODY_RESPONSES.

For each response in block.body.custody_responses, run the following function:

def process_custody_response(state: BeaconState, response: CustodyResponse) -> None:
    chunk_challenge = next((record for record in state.custody_chunk_challenge_records
                            if record.challenge_index == response.challenge_index), None)
    if chunk_challenge is not None:
        return process_chunk_challenge_response(state, response, chunk_challenge)

    bit_challenge = next((record for record in state.custody_bit_challenge_records
                          if record.challenge_index == response.challenge_index), None)
    if bit_challenge is not None:
        return process_bit_challenge_response(state, response, bit_challenge)

    assert False

def process_chunk_challenge_response(state: BeaconState,
                                     response: CustodyResponse,
                                     challenge: CustodyChunkChallengeRecord) -> None:
    # Verify chunk index
    assert response.chunk_index == challenge.chunk_index
    # Verify bit challenge data is null
    assert response.chunk_bits_branch == [] and response.chunk_bits_leaf == Hash()
    # Verify minimum delay
    assert get_current_epoch(state) >= challenge.inclusion_epoch + ACTIVATION_EXIT_DELAY
    # Verify the chunk matches the crosslink data root
    assert is_valid_merkle_branch(
        leaf=hash_tree_root(response.chunk),
        branch=response.data_branch,
        depth=challenge.depth,
        index=response.chunk_index,
        root=challenge.data_root,
    )
    # Clear the challenge
    records = state.custody_chunk_challenge_records
    records[records.index(challenge)] = CustodyChunkChallengeRecord()
    # Reward the proposer
    proposer_index = get_beacon_proposer_index(state)
    increase_balance(state, proposer_index, Gwei(get_base_reward(state, proposer_index) // MINOR_REWARD_QUOTIENT))

def process_bit_challenge_response(state: BeaconState,
                                   response: CustodyResponse,
                                   challenge: CustodyBitChallengeRecord) -> None:
    # Verify chunk index
    assert response.chunk_index < challenge.chunk_count
    # Verify responder has not been slashed
    responder = state.validators[challenge.responder_index]
    assert not responder.slashed
    # Verify the chunk matches the crosslink data root
    assert is_valid_merkle_branch(
        leaf=hash_tree_root(response.chunk),
        branch=response.data_branch,
        depth=ceillog2(challenge.chunk_count),
        index=response.chunk_index,
        root=challenge.data_root,
    )
    # Verify the chunk bit leaf matches the challenge data
    assert is_valid_merkle_branch(
        leaf=response.chunk_bits_leaf,
        branch=response.chunk_bits_branch,
        depth=ceillog2(challenge.chunk_count) >> 8,
        index=response.chunk_index // 256,
        root=challenge.chunk_bits_merkle_root
    )
    # Verify the chunk bit does not match the challenge chunk bit
    assert (get_custody_chunk_bit(challenge.responder_key, response.chunk)
            != get_bit(challenge.chunk_bits_leaf, response.chunk_index % 256))
    # Clear the challenge
    records = state.custody_bit_challenge_records
    records[records.index(challenge)] = CustodyBitChallengeRecord()
    # Slash challenger
    slash_validator(state, challenge.challenger_index, challenge.responder_index)

Per-epoch processing

Handling of custody-related deadlines

Run process_reveal_deadlines(state) immediately after process_registry_updates(state):

# begin insert @process_reveal_deadlines
    process_reveal_deadlines(state)
# end insert @process_reveal_deadlines
def process_reveal_deadlines(state: BeaconState) -> None:
    for index, validator in enumerate(state.validators):
        deadline = validator.next_custody_reveal_period + (CUSTODY_RESPONSE_DEADLINE // EPOCHS_PER_CUSTODY_PERIOD)
        if get_reveal_period(state, ValidatorIndex(index)) > deadline:
            slash_validator(state, ValidatorIndex(index))

Run process_challenge_deadlines(state) immediately after process_reveal_deadlines(state):

# begin insert @process_challenge_deadlines
    process_challenge_deadlines(state)
# end insert @process_challenge_deadlines
def process_challenge_deadlines(state: BeaconState) -> None:
    for custody_chunk_challenge in state.custody_chunk_challenge_records:
        if get_current_epoch(state) > custody_chunk_challenge.inclusion_epoch + CUSTODY_RESPONSE_DEADLINE:
            slash_validator(state, custody_chunk_challenge.responder_index, custody_chunk_challenge.challenger_index)
            records = state.custody_chunk_challenge
            records[records.index(custody_chunk_challenge)] = CustodyChunkChallengeRecord()

    for custody_bit_challenge in state.custody_bit_challenge_records:
        if get_current_epoch(state) > custody_bit_challenge.inclusion_epoch + CUSTODY_RESPONSE_DEADLINE:
            slash_validator(state, custody_bit_challenge.responder_index, custody_bit_challenge.challenger_index)
            records = state.custody_bit_challenge_records
            records[records.index(custody_bit_challenge)] = CustodyBitChallengeRecord()

Append this to process_final_updates(state):

# begin insert @after_process_final_updates
    after_process_final_updates(state)
# end insert @after_process_final_updates
def after_process_final_updates(state: BeaconState) -> None:
    current_epoch = get_current_epoch(state)
    # Clean up exposed RANDAO key reveals
    state.exposed_derived_secrets[current_epoch % EARLY_DERIVED_SECRET_PENALTY_MAX_FUTURE_EPOCHS] = []
    # Reset withdrawable epochs if challenge records are empty
    records = state.custody_chunk_challenge_records + state.custody_bit_challenge_records
    validator_indices_in_records = set(
        [record.challenger_index for record in records] + [record.responder_index for record in records]
    )
    for index, validator in enumerate(state.validators):
        if index not in validator_indices_in_records:
            if validator.exit_epoch != FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH and validator.withdrawable_epoch == FAR_FUTURE_EPOCH:
                validator.withdrawable_epoch = Epoch(validator.exit_epoch + MIN_VALIDATOR_WITHDRAWABILITY_DELAY)

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Ethereum 2.0 Phase 1 -- Custody Game

Table of contents

Introduction

Terminology

Constants

Misc

Time parameters

Max operations per block

Reward and penalty quotients

Signature domain types

TODO PLACEHOLDER

Data structures

Custody objects

CustodyChunkChallenge

CustodyBitChallenge

CustodyChunkChallengeRecord

CustodyBitChallengeRecord

CustodyResponse

New beacon operations

CustodyKeyReveal

EarlyDerivedSecretReveal