asteval reference¶
-The asteval module has a pretty simple interface, providing an +
asteval reference¶
+The asteval module has a pretty simple interface, providing an
Interpreter class which creates an Interpreter of expressions and
code. There are a few options available to control what language features
to support, how to deal with writing to standard output and standard error,
@@ -48,26 +48,26 @@
Navigation
symbol names, andmake_symbol_table() is useful for creating symbol
tables that may be pre-loaded with custom symbols and functions.
The Interpreter class¶
+The Interpreter class¶
- -class asteval.Interpreter(symtable=None, nested_symtable=False, user_symbols=None, writer=None, err_writer=None, use_numpy=True, max_statement_length=50000, minimal=False, readonly_symbols=None, builtins_readonly=False, config=None, **kws)¶ +class asteval.Interpreter(symtable=None, nested_symtable=False, user_symbols=None, writer=None, err_writer=None, use_numpy=True, max_statement_length=50000, minimal=False, readonly_symbols=None, builtins_readonly=False, config=None, **kws)¶
create an asteval Interpreter: a restricted, simplified interpreter of mathematical expressions using Python syntax.
- Parameters:
symtable (dict or None) – dictionary or SymbolTable to use as symbol table (if None, one will be created).
-nested_symtable (bool, optional) – whether to use a new-style nested symbol table instead of a plain dict [False]
+nested_symtable (bool, optional) – whether to use a new-style nested symbol table instead of a plain dict [False]
user_symbols (dict or None) – dictionary of user-defined symbols to add to symbol table.
writer (file-like or None) – callable file-like object where standard output will be sent.
err_writer (file-like or None) – callable file-like object where standard error will be sent.
-use_numpy (bool) – whether to use functions from numpy.
-max_statement_length (int) – maximum length of expression allowed [50,000 characters]
+use_numpy (bool) – whether to use functions from numpy.
+max_statement_length (int) – maximum length of expression allowed [50,000 characters]
readonly_symbols (iterable or None) – symbols that the user can not assign to
-builtins_readonly (bool) – whether to blacklist all symbols that are in the initial symtable
-minimal (bool) – create a minimal interpreter: disable many nodes (see Note 1).
-config (dict) – dictionay listing which nodes to support (see note 2))
+builtins_readonly (bool) – whether to blacklist all symbols that are in the initial symtable
+minimal (bool) – create a minimal interpreter: disable many nodes (see Note 1).
+config (dict) – dictionay listing which nodes to support (see note 2))
The
make_symbol_table()that will include several standard python builtin functions, several -functions from themathmodule and (if available and not turned off) +functions from themathmodule and (if available and not turned off) several functions from numpy.The
+writerargument can be used to provide a place to send all output -that would normally go tosys.stdout. The default is, of -course, to send output tosys.stdout. Similarly,err_writer+that would normally go tosys.stdout. The default is, of +course, to send output tosys.stdout. Similarly,err_writerwill be used for output that will otherwise be sent to -sys.stderr.sys.stderr.The
use_numpyargument can be used to control whether functions from numpy are loaded into the symbol table.Whether the user-code is able to overwrite the entries in the symbol table can be controlled with the
readonly_symbolsandbuiltins_readonlykeywords.
Configuring which features the Interpreter recognizes¶
+Configuring which features the Interpreter recognizes¶
The interpreter can be configured to enable or disable many language constructs, named according to the AST node in the Python language definition.
Table of optional Python AST nodes used asteval. The minimal configuration @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@
Configuring which features the Interpreter recognizesor by setting the config dictionary as described above:
Interpreter methods and attributes¶
+Interpreter methods and attributes¶
An Interpreter instance has many methods, but most of them are implementation details for how to handle particular AST nodes, and should not be considered as part of the usable API. The methods described be low, @@ -267,16 +267,16 @@
Interpreter methods and attributes
-asteval.eval(expression[, lineno=0[, show_errors=True[, raise_errors=False]]])¶
+asteval.eval(expression[, lineno=0[, show_errors=True[, raise_errors=False]]])¶
evaluate the expression, returning the result.
- Parameters:
expression (string) – code to evaluate.
lineno (int) – line number (for error messages).
show_errors (bool) – whether to print error messages or leave them
+
lineno (int) – line number (for error messages).
show_errors (bool) – whether to print error messages or leave them
in the errors list.
raise_errors (bool) – whether to re-raise exceptions or leave them
+
raise_errors (bool) – whether to re-raise exceptions or leave them
in the errors list.
Interpreter methods and attributes
-
-asteval.__call__(expression[, lineno=0[, show_errors=True[, raise_errors=False]]])¶
+asteval.__call__(expression[, lineno=0[, show_errors=True[, raise_errors=False]]])¶
same as eval(). That is:
>>> from asteval import Interpreter
>>> a = Interpreter()
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ Interpreter methods and attributes
-
-asteval.symtable¶
+asteval.symtable¶
the symbol table where all data and functions for the Interpreter are stored
and looked up. By default, this is a simple dictionary with symbol names as
keys, and values of data and functions. If the nested_symtable
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@
Interpreter methods and attributes
-
-asteval.error¶
+asteval.error¶
a list of error information, filled on exceptions. You can test this
after each call of the interpreter. It will be empty if the last
execution was successful. If an error occurs, this will contain a liste
@@ -323,13 +323,13 @@
Interpreter methods and attributes
-
-asteval.error_msg¶
+asteval.error_msg¶
the most recent error message.
-Symbol Tables used in asteval¶
+Symbol Tables used in asteval¶
The symbol table holds all of the data used by the Interpreter. That is, when
you execute a = b * cos(pi/3), the Interpreter sees that it needs to lookup
values for b, cos, and pi (it already knows =, *, /,
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@
Interpreter methods and attributesNew in version 0.9.31.
-New Style Symbol Table¶
+New Style Symbol Table¶
Beginning with version 0.9.31, there is an option to use a more complex and
nested symbol table. This symbol table uses a "Group" object which is a
subclass of a Python dict that can also be used with object.attribute syntax:
@@ -417,20 +417,20 @@ New Style Symbol Table
-Utility Functions¶
+Utility Functions¶
-
-asteval.valid_symbol_name(name)¶
+asteval.valid_symbol_name(name)¶
Determine whether the input symbol name is a valid name.
- Parameters:
-name (str) – name to check for validity.
+name (str) – name to check for validity.
- Returns:
valid – whether name is a a valid symbol name
- Return type:
--
+
-
This checks for Python reserved words and that the name matches
@@ -439,14 +439,14 @@
Utility Functions
-
-asteval.make_symbol_table(use_numpy=True, nested=False, top=True, **kws)¶
+asteval.make_symbol_table(use_numpy=True, nested=False, top=True, **kws)¶
Create a default symboltable, taking dict of user-defined symbols.
- Parameters:
-numpy (bool, optional) – whether to include symbols from numpy [True]
nested (bool, optional) – whether to make a “new-style” nested table instead of a plain dict [False]
top (bool, optional) – whether this is the top-level table in a nested-table [True]
numpy (bool, optional) – whether to include symbols from numpy [True]
nested (bool, optional) – whether to make a “new-style” nested table instead of a plain dict [False]
top (bool, optional) – whether this is the top-level table in a nested-table [True]
kws (optional) – additional symbol name, value pairs to include in symbol table
Utility Functionssymbol_table – a symbol table that can be used in asteval.Interpereter
- Return type:
-dict or nested Group
+dict or nested Group
@@ -565,8 +565,8 @@ Navigation
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basics.html b/basics.html
index 3a4d934..3b2bb59 100644
--- a/basics.html
+++ b/basics.html
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-
+
-
+
Using asteval — ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST evaluator
-
-
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-
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+
+
+
+
+
@@ -42,12 +42,12 @@ Navigation
-Using asteval¶
+Using asteval¶
This chapter gives a quick overview of asteval, showing basic usage and the
most important features. Further details can be found in the next chapter
(asteval reference).
-creating and using an asteval Interpreter¶
+creating and using an asteval Interpreter¶
The asteval module is very easy to use. Import the module and create an Interpreter:
>>> from asteval import Interpreter
>>> aeval = Interpreter()
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ creating and using an asteval Interpreter
-accessing the symbol table¶
+accessing the symbol table¶
The symbol table (that is, the mapping between variable and function names and
the underlying objects) is a simple dictionary (by default, see
Symbol Tables used in asteval for details of an optional alternative) held in the
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
accessing the symbol table
-built-in functions¶
+built-in functions¶
At startup, many symbols are loaded into the symbol table from Python’s
builtins and the math module. The builtins include several basic Python
functions:
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ built-in functionsnumpy.
-conditionals and loops¶
+conditionals and loops¶
If-then-else blocks, for-loops (including the optional else block), while
loops (also including optional else block), and with blocks are supported,
and work exactly as they do in python. Thus:
@@ -159,19 +159,19 @@ conditionals and loops
-comprehensions¶
+comprehensions¶
list, dict, and set comprehension are supported, acting just as they do in
Python. Generators, yield, and async programmming are not currently supported.
-printing¶
-For printing, asteval emulates Python’s native print() function. You
+
printing¶
+For printing, asteval emulates Python’s native print() function. You
can change where output is sent with the writer argument when creating
the interpreter, or supreess printing all together with the no_print
-option. By default, outputs are sent to sys.stdout.
+option. By default, outputs are sent to sys.stdout.
-writing functions¶
+writing functions¶
User-defined functions can be written and executed, as in python with a
def block, for example:
>>> from asteval import Interpreter
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ writing functions
-exceptions¶
+exceptions¶
Asteval monitors and caches exceptions in the evaluated code. Brief error
messages are printed (with Python’s print function, and so using standard
output by default), and the full set of exceptions is kept in the
@@ -288,8 +288,8 @@
Navigation
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diff --git a/genindex.html b/genindex.html
index 2ae8b54..977e9b4 100644
--- a/genindex.html
+++ b/genindex.html
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
-
+
Index — ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST evaluator
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
@@ -157,8 +157,8 @@ Navigation
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index 1737b9c..bdb4dff 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-
+
-
+
ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST Evaluator — ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST evaluator
-
-
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+
+
+
+
+
@@ -38,14 +38,14 @@ Navigation
-ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST Evaluator¶
+ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST Evaluator¶
The asteval package evaluates Python expressions and statements, providing a
-safer alternative to Python’s builtin eval() and a richer, easier to
-use alternative to ast.literal_eval(). It does this by building an
+safer alternative to Python’s builtin eval() and a richer, easier to
+use alternative to ast.literal_eval(). It does this by building an
embedded interpreter for a subset of the Python language using Python’s
-ast module. The emphasis and main area of application is the
+ast module. The emphasis and main area of application is the
evaluation of mathematical expressions. Because of this emphasis, mathematical
-functions from Python’s math module are built-in to asteval, and a
+functions from Python’s math module are built-in to asteval, and a
large number of functions from numpy will be available if numpy is
installed on your system. For backward compatibility, a few functions that
were moved from numpy to numpy_financial will be imported, if that
@@ -59,9 +59,9 @@
ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST Evaluatorast module. There are important differences and missing features
+ast module. There are important differences and missing features
compared to Python. Many of these absences are intentional, and part of
-the effort to try to make a safer version of eval(), while some
+the effort to try to make a safer version of eval(), while some
are simply due to the reduced requirements for an embedded mini-language.
These differences and absences include:
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST Evaluatorlambda are not supported.
yield, await, and async programming are not supported.
Many builtin functions (eval(), getattr(),
-hasattr(), setattr(), and delattr()) are not allowed.
Many builtin functions (eval(), getattr(),
+hasattr(), setattr(), and delattr()) are not allowed.
Accessing many object attributes that can provide access to
the python interpreter are not allowed.
ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST Evaluatoreval(). However, asteval is an open source project written by
+eval(). However, asteval is an open source project written by
volunteers, and we cannot guarantee that it is completely safe against
malicious attacks.
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST Evaluatorgithub.com
+Development version:
github.com
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/installation.html b/installation.html
index a2b3737..a032ca2 100644
--- a/installation.html
+++ b/installation.html
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-
+
-
+
Downloading and Installation — ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST evaluator
-
-
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+
+
+
+
+
@@ -42,9 +42,9 @@ Navigation
-Downloading and Installation¶
+Downloading and Installation¶
-Requirements¶
+Requirements¶
Asteval is a pure Python module. For Python 3.8 and higher, there are no
required dependencies outside of the standard library. If numpy and
numpy_financial are available, Asteval will make use of these libraries. The
@@ -61,13 +61,11 @@
Requirements
-Download and Installation¶
+Download and Installation¶
The latest stable version of asteval is 0.9.31 and is available at
PyPI or as a conda package. You should be able to install asteval
with:
@@ -80,21 +78,21 @@ Download and Installation
-Development Version¶
-The latest development version can be found at the github repository, and cloned with:
-git clone https://github.com/newville/asteval.git
+Development Version¶
+The latest development version can be found at the github repository, and cloned with:
+git clone https://github.com/lmfit/asteval.git
-Installation¶
+Installation¶
Installation from source on any platform is:
pip install .
-License¶
+License¶
The ASTEVAL code is distribution under the following license:
The MIT License
@@ -194,8 +192,8 @@ Navigation
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diff --git a/motivation.html b/motivation.html
index 9ee545c..2156a4a 100644
--- a/motivation.html
+++ b/motivation.html
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-
+
-
+
Motivation for asteval — ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST evaluator
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
@@ -42,35 +42,35 @@ Navigation
-Motivation for asteval¶
+Motivation for asteval¶
The asteval module allows you to evaluate a large subset of the Python language
-from within a python program, without using eval(). It is, in effect,
-a restricted version of Python’s built-in eval(), forbidding several
+from within a python program, without using eval(). It is, in effect,
+a restricted version of Python’s built-in eval(), forbidding several
actions, and using (by default) a simple dictionary as a flat namespace. A
completely fair question is: Why is this desirable? That is, why not simply
-use eval(), or just use Python itself?
+use eval(), or just use Python itself?
The short answer is that sometimes you want to allow evaluation of user input,
or expose a simple or even scientific calculator inside a larger application.
-For this, eval() is pretty scary, as it exposes all of Python, which
+For this, eval() is pretty scary, as it exposes all of Python, which
makes user input difficult to trust. Since asteval does not support the
import statement (unless explicitly enabled) or many other constructs, user
-code cannot access the os and sys modules or any functions
+code cannot access the os and sys modules or any functions
or classes outside those provided in the symbol table.
Many of the other missing features (modules, classes, lambda, yield,
generators) are similarly motivated by a desire for a safer version of
-eval(). The idea for asteval is to make a simple procedural,
+eval(). The idea for asteval is to make a simple procedural,
mathematically-oriented language that can be embedded into larger applications.
In fact, the asteval module grew out the the need for a simple expression
evaluator for scientific applications such as the lmfit and xraylarch
modules. An early attempt using the pyparsing module worked but was
error-prone and difficult to maintain. While the simplest of calculators or
expressiona-evaluators is not hard with pyparsing, it turned out that using the
-Python ast module makes it much easier to implement a feature-rich
+Python ast module makes it much easier to implement a feature-rich
scientific calculator, including slicing, complex numbers, keyword arguments to
functions, etc. In fact, this approach meant that adding more complex
programming constructs like conditionals, loops, exception handling, and even
user-defined functions was fairly simple. An important benefit of using the
-ast module is that whole categories of implementation errors
+ast module is that whole categories of implementation errors
involving parsing, lexing, and defining a grammar disappear. Any valid python
expression will be parsed correctly and converted into an Abstract Syntax Tree.
Furthermore, the resulting AST is easy to walk through, greatly simplifying the
@@ -83,18 +83,18 @@
Motivation for astevalhttps://stackoverflow.com/questions/34106484), use of asteval and numpy can
approach the speed of eval and the numexpr modules.
-How Safe is asteval?¶
-Asteval avoids all of the exploits we know about that make eval()
+
How Safe is asteval?¶
+Asteval avoids all of the exploits we know about that make eval()
dangerous. For reference, see, Eval is really dangerous and the
comments and links therein. From this discussion it is apparent that not only
-is eval() unsafe, but that it is a difficult prospect to make any
+is eval() unsafe, but that it is a difficult prospect to make any
program that takes user input perfectly safe. In particular, if a user can
cause Python to crash with a segmentation fault, safety cannot be guaranteed.
Asteval explicitly forbids the exploits described in the above link, and works
hard to prevent malicious code from crashing Python or accessing the
underlying operating system. That said, we cannot guarantee that asteval is
completely safe from malicious code. We claim only that it is safer than the
-builtin eval(), and that you might find it useful.
+builtin eval(), and that you might find it useful.
Some of the things not allowed in the asteval interpreter for safety reasons include:
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ How Safe is asteval?
create classes or modules.
-
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ How Safe is asteval?
In summary, while asteval attempts to be safe and is definitely safer than
-using eval(), there may be ways that using asteval could lead to
+using eval(), there may be ways that using asteval could lead to
increased risk of malicious use. Recommendations for how to improve this
situation would be greatly appreciated.
@@ -272,8 +272,8 @@ Navigation
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diff --git a/py-modindex.html b/py-modindex.html
index 7b152f0..1f154cf 100644
--- a/py-modindex.html
+++ b/py-modindex.html
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
-
+
Python Module Index — ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST evaluator
-
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+
+
+
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+
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ Navigation
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diff --git a/search.html b/search.html
index 2916d2b..51f4db9 100644
--- a/search.html
+++ b/search.html
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
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+
Search — ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST evaluator
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/searchindex.js b/searchindex.js
index e99c928..ad4a84b 100644
--- a/searchindex.js
+++ b/searchindex.js
@@ -1 +1 @@
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\ No newline at end of file
evaluate the expression, returning the result.
- Parameters:
expression (string) – code to evaluate.
-lineno (int) – line number (for error messages).
-show_errors (bool) – whether to print error messages or leave them +
lineno (int) – line number (for error messages).
+show_errors (bool) – whether to print error messages or leave them in the
errorslist.
-raise_errors (bool) – whether to re-raise exceptions or leave them +
raise_errors (bool) – whether to re-raise exceptions or leave them in the
errorslist.
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ - -asteval.__call__(expression[, lineno=0[, show_errors=True[, raise_errors=False]]])¶ +asteval.__call__(expression[, lineno=0[, show_errors=True[, raise_errors=False]]])¶
same as
eval(). That is:\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/basics.html b/basics.html index 3a4d934..3b2bb59 100644 --- a/basics.html +++ b/basics.html @@ -1,16 +1,16 @@ - + - +>>> from asteval import Interpreter >>> a = Interpreter() @@ -300,7 +300,7 @@
Interpreter methods and attributes
- -asteval.symtable¶
+asteval.symtable¶the symbol table where all data and functions for the Interpreter are stored and looked up. By default, this is a simple dictionary with symbol names as keys, and values of data and functions. If the
nested_symtable@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@Interpreter methods and attributes
- -asteval.error¶
+asteval.error¶a list of error information, filled on exceptions. You can test this after each call of the interpreter. It will be empty if the last execution was successful. If an error occurs, this will contain a liste @@ -323,13 +323,13 @@
Interpreter methods and attributes
- -asteval.error_msg¶
+asteval.error_msg¶the most recent error message.
- Symbol Tables used in asteval¶
+Symbol Tables used in asteval¶
The symbol table holds all of the data used by the Interpreter. That is, when you execute
a = b * cos(pi/3), the Interpreter sees that it needs to lookup values forb,cos, andpi(it already knows=,*,/, @@ -372,7 +372,7 @@Interpreter methods and attributesNew in version 0.9.31.
- New Style Symbol Table¶
+New Style Symbol Table¶
Beginning with version 0.9.31, there is an option to use a more complex and nested symbol table. This symbol table uses a
@@ -417,20 +417,20 @@"Group"object which is a subclass of a Python dict that can also be used withobject.attributesyntax:New Style Symbol Table
- Utility Functions¶
+Utility Functions¶
- -asteval.valid_symbol_name(name)¶ +asteval.valid_symbol_name(name)¶
Determine whether the input symbol name is a valid name.
- Parameters: -
name (str) – name to check for validity.
+name (str) – name to check for validity.
- Returns:
valid – whether name is a a valid symbol name
- Return type: -
-
+
This checks for Python reserved words and that the name matches @@ -439,14 +439,14 @@
Utility Functions
- -asteval.make_symbol_table(use_numpy=True, nested=False, top=True, **kws)¶
+asteval.make_symbol_table(use_numpy=True, nested=False, top=True, **kws)¶Create a default symboltable, taking dict of user-defined symbols.
- Parameters:
-
-
numpy (bool, optional) – whether to include symbols from numpy [True]
-nested (bool, optional) – whether to make a “new-style” nested table instead of a plain dict [False]
-top (bool, optional) – whether this is the top-level table in a nested-table [True]
+numpy (bool, optional) – whether to include symbols from numpy [True]
+nested (bool, optional) – whether to make a “new-style” nested table instead of a plain dict [False]
+top (bool, optional) – whether this is the top-level table in a nested-table [True]
kws (optional) – additional symbol name, value pairs to include in symbol table
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@
Utility Functions
symbol_table – a symbol table that can be used in asteval.Interpereter
- Return type:
-dict or nested Group
+dict or nested Group
Navigation
Using asteval — ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST evaluator - - - - - + + + + + @@ -42,12 +42,12 @@Navigation
- Using asteval¶
+Using asteval¶
This chapter gives a quick overview of asteval, showing basic usage and the most important features. Further details can be found in the next chapter (asteval reference).
- creating and using an asteval Interpreter¶
+creating and using an asteval Interpreter¶
The asteval module is very easy to use. Import the module and create an Interpreter:
>>> from asteval import Interpreter >>> aeval = Interpreter() @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
creating and using an asteval Interpreter -
accessing the symbol table¶
+accessing the symbol table¶
The symbol table (that is, the mapping between variable and function names and the underlying objects) is a simple dictionary (by default, see Symbol Tables used in asteval for details of an optional alternative) held in the @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
accessing the symbol table -
built-in functions¶
+built-in functions¶
At startup, many symbols are loaded into the symbol table from Python’s builtins and the
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@mathmodule. The builtins include several basic Python functions:built-in functionsnumpy.
- conditionals and loops¶
+conditionals and loops¶
If-then-else blocks, for-loops (including the optional
@@ -159,19 +159,19 @@elseblock), while loops (also including optionalelseblock), and with blocks are supported, and work exactly as they do in python. Thus:conditionals and loops
- comprehensions¶
+comprehensions¶
list, dict, and set comprehension are supported, acting just as they do in Python. Generators, yield, and async programmming are not currently supported.
- printing¶
-For printing, asteval emulates Python’s native
print()function. You +printing¶
+For printing, asteval emulates Python’s native
+option. By default, outputs are sent toprint()function. You can change where output is sent with thewriterargument when creating the interpreter, or supreess printing all together with theno_print-option. By default, outputs are sent tosys.stdout.sys.stdout.- writing functions¶
+writing functions¶
User-defined functions can be written and executed, as in python with a
defblock, for example:\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 1737b9c..bdb4dff 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -1,16 +1,16 @@ - + - +\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/genindex.html b/genindex.html index 2ae8b54..977e9b4 100644 --- a/genindex.html +++ b/genindex.html @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ - +>>> from asteval import Interpreter @@ -186,7 +186,7 @@
writing functions -
exceptions¶
+exceptions¶
Asteval monitors and caches exceptions in the evaluated code. Brief error messages are printed (with Python’s print function, and so using standard output by default), and the full set of exceptions is kept in the @@ -288,8 +288,8 @@
Navigation
Index — ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST evaluator - - - - - + + + + + @@ -157,8 +157,8 @@Navigation
ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST Evaluator — ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST evaluator - - - - - + + + + + @@ -38,14 +38,14 @@Navigation
- ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST Evaluator¶
+ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST Evaluator¶
The asteval package evaluates Python expressions and statements, providing a -safer alternative to Python’s builtin
eval()and a richer, easier to -use alternative toast.literal_eval(). It does this by building an +safer alternative to Python’s builtineval()and a richer, easier to +use alternative toast.literal_eval(). It does this by building an embedded interpreter for a subset of the Python language using Python’s -astmodule. The emphasis and main area of application is the +astmodule. The emphasis and main area of application is the evaluation of mathematical expressions. Because of this emphasis, mathematical -functions from Python’smathmodule are built-in to asteval, and a +functions from Python’smathmodule are built-in to asteval, and a large number of functions from numpy will be available if numpy is installed on your system. For backward compatibility, a few functions that were moved from numpy to numpy_financial will be imported, if that @@ -59,9 +59,9 @@ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST Evaluator
astmodule. There are important differences and missing features +astmodule. There are important differences and missing features compared to Python. Many of these absences are intentional, and part of -the effort to try to make a safer version ofeval(), while some +the effort to try to make a safer version ofeval(), while some are simply due to the reduced requirements for an embedded mini-language. These differences and absences include:@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@
ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST Evaluatorlambda are not supported.
yield,await, and async programming are not supported.Many builtin functions (
eval(),getattr(), -hasattr(),setattr(), anddelattr()) are not allowed.Many builtin functions (
eval(),getattr(), +hasattr(),setattr(), anddelattr()) are not allowed.Accessing many object attributes that can provide access to the python interpreter are not allowed.
ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST Evaluator
eval(). However, asteval is an open source project written by +eval(). However, asteval is an open source project written by volunteers, and we cannot guarantee that it is completely safe against malicious attacks.@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST Evaluatorgithub.com +Development version:
github.com
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/installation.html b/installation.html index a2b3737..a032ca2 100644 --- a/installation.html +++ b/installation.html @@ -1,16 +1,16 @@ - + - +Downloading and Installation — ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST evaluator - - - - - + + + + + @@ -42,9 +42,9 @@Navigation
- Downloading and Installation¶
+Downloading and Installation¶
- Requirements¶
+Requirements¶
Asteval is a pure Python module. For Python 3.8 and higher, there are no required dependencies outside of the standard library. If numpy and numpy_financial are available, Asteval will make use of these libraries. The @@ -61,13 +61,11 @@
Requirements -
Download and Installation¶
+Download and Installation¶
The latest stable version of asteval is 0.9.31 and is available at PyPI or as a conda package. You should be able to install asteval with:
@@ -80,21 +78,21 @@Download and Installation -
Development Version¶
-The latest development version can be found at the github repository, and cloned with:
-git clone https://github.com/newville/asteval.git +
Development Version¶
+The latest development version can be found at the github repository, and cloned with:
+git clone https://github.com/lmfit/asteval.git
- Installation¶
+Installation¶
Installation from source on any platform is:
pip install .
- License¶
+License¶
The ASTEVAL code is distribution under the following license:
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asteval)": [[0, "asteval.eval"]], "make_symbol_table() (in module asteval)": [[0, "asteval.make_symbol_table"]], "module": [[0, "module-asteval"]], "symtable (in module asteval)": [[0, "asteval.symtable"]], "valid_symbol_name() (in module asteval)": [[0, "asteval.valid_symbol_name"]]}}) \ No newline at end of file\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/motivation.html b/motivation.html index 9ee545c..2156a4a 100644 --- a/motivation.html +++ b/motivation.html @@ -1,16 +1,16 @@ - + - +The MIT License @@ -194,8 +192,8 @@
Navigation
Motivation for asteval — ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST evaluator - - - - - + + + + + @@ -42,35 +42,35 @@Navigation
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/search.html b/search.html index 2916d2b..51f4db9 100644 --- a/search.html +++ b/search.html @@ -1,16 +1,16 @@ - +- Motivation for asteval¶
+Motivation for asteval¶
The asteval module allows you to evaluate a large subset of the Python language -from within a python program, without using
+useeval(). It is, in effect, -a restricted version of Python’s built-ineval(), forbidding several +from within a python program, without usingeval(). It is, in effect, +a restricted version of Python’s built-ineval(), forbidding several actions, and using (by default) a simple dictionary as a flat namespace. A completely fair question is: Why is this desirable? That is, why not simply -useeval(), or just use Python itself?eval(), or just use Python itself?The short answer is that sometimes you want to allow evaluation of user input, or expose a simple or even scientific calculator inside a larger application. -For this,
eval()is pretty scary, as it exposes all of Python, which +For this,eval()is pretty scary, as it exposes all of Python, which makes user input difficult to trust. Since asteval does not support the import statement (unless explicitly enabled) or many other constructs, user -code cannot access theosandsysmodules or any functions +code cannot access theosandsysmodules or any functions or classes outside those provided in the symbol table.Many of the other missing features (modules, classes, lambda, yield, generators) are similarly motivated by a desire for a safer version of -
eval(). The idea for asteval is to make a simple procedural, +eval(). The idea for asteval is to make a simple procedural, mathematically-oriented language that can be embedded into larger applications.In fact, the asteval module grew out the the need for a simple expression evaluator for scientific applications such as the lmfit and xraylarch modules. An early attempt using the pyparsing module worked but was error-prone and difficult to maintain. While the simplest of calculators or expressiona-evaluators is not hard with pyparsing, it turned out that using the -Python
astmodule makes it much easier to implement a feature-rich +Pythonastmodule makes it much easier to implement a feature-rich scientific calculator, including slicing, complex numbers, keyword arguments to functions, etc. In fact, this approach meant that adding more complex programming constructs like conditionals, loops, exception handling, and even user-defined functions was fairly simple. An important benefit of using the -astmodule is that whole categories of implementation errors +astmodule is that whole categories of implementation errors involving parsing, lexing, and defining a grammar disappear. Any valid python expression will be parsed correctly and converted into an Abstract Syntax Tree. Furthermore, the resulting AST is easy to walk through, greatly simplifying the @@ -83,18 +83,18 @@Motivation for astevalhttps://stackoverflow.com/questions/34106484), use of asteval and numpy can approach the speed of eval and the numexpr modules.
- How Safe is asteval?¶
-Asteval avoids all of the exploits we know about that make
eval()+How Safe is asteval?¶
+Asteval avoids all of the exploits we know about that make
+builtineval()dangerous. For reference, see, Eval is really dangerous and the comments and links therein. From this discussion it is apparent that not only -iseval()unsafe, but that it is a difficult prospect to make any +iseval()unsafe, but that it is a difficult prospect to make any program that takes user input perfectly safe. In particular, if a user can cause Python to crash with a segmentation fault, safety cannot be guaranteed. Asteval explicitly forbids the exploits described in the above link, and works hard to prevent malicious code from crashing Python or accessing the underlying operating system. That said, we cannot guarantee that asteval is completely safe from malicious code. We claim only that it is safer than the -builtineval(), and that you might find it useful.eval(), and that you might find it useful.Some of the things not allowed in the asteval interpreter for safety reasons include:
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/py-modindex.html b/py-modindex.html index 7b152f0..1f154cf 100644 --- a/py-modindex.html +++ b/py-modindex.html @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ - +-
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
create classes or modules.
- @@ -198,7 +198,7 @@
How Safe is asteval?
How Safe is asteval?
In summary, while asteval attempts to be safe and is definitely safer than -using
@@ -272,8 +272,8 @@eval(), there may be ways that using asteval could lead to +usingeval(), there may be ways that using asteval could lead to increased risk of malicious use. Recommendations for how to improve this situation would be greatly appreciated.Navigation
Python Module Index — ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST evaluator - - - - - + + + + + @@ -92,8 +92,8 @@Navigation
Search — ASTEVAL: Minimal Python AST evaluator - - + + - - - + + + @@ -93,8 +93,8 @@Navigation