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Index.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Saturn Missions</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Saturn</h1>
<p>Adorned with thousands of beautiful ringlets, Saturn is unique among the planets. All four gas giant planets have rings -- made of chunks of ice and rock -- but none are as spectacular or as complicated as Saturn's. Like the other gas giants, Saturn
is mostly a massive ball of hydrogen and helium.
<a href="http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/saturn"><abbr title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration">NASA</abbr></a>
<p>
<figure>
<img src="http://griffis.edumedia.ca/mad9013/html-only/saturn.v1.jpg" />
<figcaption>Photo of Saturn from <cite href="http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/overview/">Cassini Probe</cite></figcaption>
</figure>
<hr>
<h2>Missions from Earth</h2>
<ol>
<li>
<h3>Pioneer 11</h3></li>
<p>Pioneer 11, the sister spacecraft to Pioneer 10, was the first human-made object to fly past Saturn and also returned the first pictures of the polar regions of Jupiter. Pioneer 11 detected Saturn's bow shock on 31 August 1979, about 1.5 million
kilometers out from the planet, thus providing the first conclusive evidence of the existence of Saturn's magnetic field. The spacecraft crossed the planet's ring plane beyond the outer ring at
<time datetime="1979-09-01 14:36">14:36 UT on 1 September 1979</time> and then passed by the planet at
16:31 UT for a close encounter at a range of 20,900 kilometers. It was moving at a relative speed of 114,100 kilometers per hour at the point of closest approach.</p>
<li>
<h3>Voyager 1</h3></li>
<p>Voyager 1 is one of two spacecraft exploring where nothing from Earth has flown before. Launched in 1977, the mission's primary science targets were Jupiter and Saturn. Voyager 1 has been observing the interplanetary medium throughout its journey,
and is now in interstellar space, the region between the stars. Voyager 1 was to become the second spacecraft to visit Saturn. Its mission there was to explore the planet and its rings, moons, and magnetic field in greater detail than was possible
for its predecessor, Pioneer 11. The spacecraft found three new moons: Prometheus and Pandora, the "shepherding" moons that keep the F ring well-defined, and Atlas which similarly shepherds the A ring.</p>
<li>
<h3>Voyager 2</h3></li>
<p>Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft to study all four of the solar system's giant planets up close. It is now exploring the outermost reaches of where the solar wind and the sun's magnetic field dominate space. In September 2007, it crossed the termination
shock (where the speed of the solar wind drops below the speed of sound) at 84 AU (more than twice the distance to Pluto). Voyager 2 was to become the third spacecraft to visit Saturn. Its mission there was to follow up on the pictures and data
returned by Voyager 1. Voyager 2 was able to observe the planet's rings at much higher resolution and to discover many more ringlets. It also provided more detailed images of the ring spokes and kinks, and of the Fring and its shepherding moons.</p>
<li>
<h3>Cassini</h3></li>
<p>Cassini was designed to explore the Saturnian system from orbit: the planet and its atmosphere, rings and magnetosphere, and its moons, particularly Titan and the icy satellites. Cassini also carried Europe's Huygens probe to its rendezvous with
Titan. Cassini completed its fouryear primary mission in 2008 and went on to perform dozens more flybys of Titan, Enceladus and Saturn's other icy moons through its 10th anniversary in 2014.</p>
<p>Here are a few of Cassini's accomplishments:</p>
<ul>
<li>The Huygens probe makes first landing on a moon in the outer solar system (Titan)</li>
<li>Titan revealed as an Earth-like world with rain, rivers, lakes and seas</li>
<li>First complete view of the north polar hexagon and discovery of giant hurricanes at both of Saturn's poles</li>
</ul>
<li>
<h3>Huygens</h3></li>
<p>The 318 kg (852 pound) probe was designed to study the smog-like atmosphere of Saturn's largest moon Titan as it parachuted to the surface. It also carried cameras to photograph the moon's surface. Huygen's traveled to Saturn aboard <abbr title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration">NASA</abbr>'s
Cassini Orbiter <abbr title="European Space Agency">ESA</abbr>'s Huygens Probe was delivered to Titan by the Cassini Orbiter in January 2005 after a dormant interplanetary journey of 6.7 years.</p>
<figure>
<img src="http://griffis.edumedia.ca/mad9013/html-only/saturn.v2.jpg" />
<figcaption>Photo of Saturn from Hubble Space Telescope</figcaption>
</figure>
</ol>
<p>For more information about the missions to Saturn please visit: <a href="http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/target/saturn">http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/target/saturn</a></p>
</body>
</html>