diff --git a/chrome/updater/configurator.h b/chrome/updater/configurator.h
index b2a432234687..9478dc709ec5 100644
--- a/chrome/updater/configurator.h
+++ b/chrome/updater/configurator.h
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 #include "cobalt/network/network_module.h"
 #include "components/update_client/configurator.h"
 #include "components/update_client/persisted_data.h"
-#include "starboard/common/atomic.h"
 
 class GURL;
 class PrefService;
diff --git a/starboard/android/shared/android_main.cc b/starboard/android/shared/android_main.cc
index d091b0bf5f53..4a02cf02ae4a 100644
--- a/starboard/android/shared/android_main.cc
+++ b/starboard/android/shared/android_main.cc
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 #include "starboard/android/shared/jni_env_ext.h"
 #include "starboard/android/shared/jni_utils.h"
 #include "starboard/android/shared/log_internal.h"
-#include "starboard/common/atomic.h"
 #include "starboard/common/file.h"
 #include "starboard/common/semaphore.h"
 #include "starboard/common/string.h"
@@ -40,7 +39,7 @@ namespace starboard {
 namespace android {
 namespace shared {
 
-atomic_bool g_block_swapbuffers;
+std::atomic_bool g_block_swapbuffers{false};
 
 namespace {
 
@@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ Semaphore* g_app_created_semaphore = nullptr;
 // Safeguard to avoid sending AndroidCommands either when there is no instance
 // of the Starboard application, or after the run loop has exited and the
 // ALooper receiving the commands is no longer being polled.
-atomic_bool g_app_running;
+std::atomic_bool g_app_running{false};
 
 std::vector<std::string> GetArgs() {
   std::vector<std::string> args;
diff --git a/starboard/android/shared/application_android.h b/starboard/android/shared/application_android.h
index aa372bba92f2..8772c439cfab 100644
--- a/starboard/android/shared/application_android.h
+++ b/starboard/android/shared/application_android.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 #include <android/looper.h>
 #include <android/native_window.h>
+#include <atomic>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <unordered_map>
@@ -26,7 +27,6 @@
 #include "starboard/android/shared/input_events_generator.h"
 #include "starboard/android/shared/jni_env_ext.h"
 #include "starboard/atomic.h"
-#include "starboard/common/atomic.h"
 #include "starboard/common/condition_variable.h"
 #include "starboard/common/mutex.h"
 #include "starboard/configuration.h"
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ class ApplicationAndroid
 
   // In certain situations, the Starboard thread should not try to process new
   // system events (e.g. while one is being processed).
-  atomic_bool handle_system_events_;
+  std::atomic_bool handle_system_events_{false};
 
   // Synchronization for commands that change availability of Android resources
   // such as the input and/or native_window_.
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ class ApplicationAndroid
   SbAtomic32 android_stop_count_ = 0;
 
   // Set to true in the destructor to ensure other threads stop waiting.
-  atomic_bool application_destroying_;
+  std::atomic_bool application_destroying_{false};
 
   // The last Activity lifecycle state command received.
   AndroidCommand::CommandType activity_state_;
diff --git a/starboard/android/shared/audio_renderer_passthrough.h b/starboard/android/shared/audio_renderer_passthrough.h
index a8b25974b55d..7e1901bc1171 100644
--- a/starboard/android/shared/audio_renderer_passthrough.h
+++ b/starboard/android/shared/audio_renderer_passthrough.h
@@ -116,9 +116,9 @@ class AudioRendererPassthrough
   EndedCB ended_cb_;
 
   int frames_per_input_buffer_ = 0;  // Set once before all uses.
-  atomic_bool can_accept_more_data_{true};
-  atomic_bool prerolled_;
-  atomic_bool end_of_stream_played_;
+  std::atomic_bool can_accept_more_data_{true};
+  std::atomic_bool prerolled_{false};
+  std::atomic_bool end_of_stream_played_{false};
 
   bool end_of_stream_written_ = false;  // Only accessed on PlayerWorker thread.
 
diff --git a/starboard/android/shared/drm_system.cc b/starboard/android/shared/drm_system.cc
index 7897d3b95f78..156155566bf7 100644
--- a/starboard/android/shared/drm_system.cc
+++ b/starboard/android/shared/drm_system.cc
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 #include "starboard/android/shared/jni_env_ext.h"
 #include "starboard/android/shared/jni_utils.h"
 #include "starboard/android/shared/media_common.h"
-#include "starboard/common/atomic.h"
 #include "starboard/common/instance_counter.h"
 #include "starboard/common/thread.h"
 
diff --git a/starboard/android/shared/drm_system.h b/starboard/android/shared/drm_system.h
index 56065a47c39f..2ff029f80d4b 100644
--- a/starboard/android/shared/drm_system.h
+++ b/starboard/android/shared/drm_system.h
@@ -20,13 +20,13 @@
 #include <jni.h>
 #include <memory>
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <string>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "starboard/android/shared/jni_utils.h"
 #include "starboard/android/shared/media_common.h"
-#include "starboard/common/atomic.h"
 #include "starboard/common/log.h"
 #include "starboard/common/mutex.h"
 #include "starboard/common/thread.h"
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class DrmSystem : public ::SbDrmSystemPrivate, private Thread {
   Mutex mutex_;
   std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<SbDrmKeyId>> cached_drm_key_ids_;
   bool hdcp_lost_;
-  atomic_bool created_media_crypto_session_;
+  std::atomic_bool created_media_crypto_session_{false};
 
   std::vector<uint8_t> metrics_;
 };
diff --git a/starboard/android/shared/egl_swap_buffers.cc b/starboard/android/shared/egl_swap_buffers.cc
index 8cc824127f3b..6c36a5604577 100644
--- a/starboard/android/shared/egl_swap_buffers.cc
+++ b/starboard/android/shared/egl_swap_buffers.cc
@@ -15,14 +15,15 @@
 #include <EGL/egl.h>
 #include <GLES2/gl2.h>
 
+#include <atomic>
+
 #include "starboard/android/shared/video_window.h"
-#include "starboard/common/atomic.h"
 #include "starboard/shared/gles/gl_call.h"
 
 namespace starboard {
 namespace android {
 namespace shared {
-extern atomic_bool g_block_swapbuffers;
+extern std::atomic_bool g_block_swapbuffers;
 }  // namespace shared
 }  // namespace android
 }  // namespace starboard
diff --git a/starboard/android/shared/media_codec_bridge_eradicator.h b/starboard/android/shared/media_codec_bridge_eradicator.h
index 5681dd9046b5..19fd776a9d6f 100644
--- a/starboard/android/shared/media_codec_bridge_eradicator.h
+++ b/starboard/android/shared/media_codec_bridge_eradicator.h
@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@
 #define STARBOARD_ANDROID_SHARED_MEDIA_CODEC_BRIDGE_ERADICATOR_H_
 
 #include <jni.h>
+#include <atomic>
 #include <set>
 
 #include "starboard/android/shared/jni_env_ext.h"
-#include "starboard/common/atomic.h"
 #include "starboard/common/condition_variable.h"
 #include "starboard/common/mutex.h"
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class MediaCodecBridgeEradicator {
  private:
   static void* DestroyMediaCodecBridge(void* context);
 
-  atomic_bool is_enabled_{false};
+  std::atomic_bool is_enabled_{false};
   // Maximum wait time when creating a new MediaCodecBridge if the background
   // cleanup thread (MediaCodecBridgeEradicator::DestroyMediaCodecBridge) is
   // unresponsive.
diff --git a/starboard/android/shared/media_decoder.cc b/starboard/android/shared/media_decoder.cc
index c2f36735bb38..e1ea3dc1bd87 100644
--- a/starboard/android/shared/media_decoder.cc
+++ b/starboard/android/shared/media_decoder.cc
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ MediaDecoder::MediaDecoder(Host* host,
   if (audio_stream_info.codec != kSbMediaAudioCodecOpus &&
       !audio_stream_info.audio_specific_config.empty()) {
     pending_tasks_.push_back(Event(audio_stream_info.audio_specific_config));
-    number_of_pending_tasks_.increment();
+    ++number_of_pending_tasks_;
   }
 }
 
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ void MediaDecoder::WriteInputBuffers(const InputBuffers& input_buffers) {
   bool need_signal = pending_tasks_.empty();
   for (const auto& input_buffer : input_buffers) {
     pending_tasks_.push_back(Event(input_buffer));
-    number_of_pending_tasks_.increment();
+    ++number_of_pending_tasks_;
   }
   if (need_signal) {
     condition_variable_.Signal();
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ void MediaDecoder::WriteEndOfStream() {
   stream_ended_.store(true);
   ScopedLock scoped_lock(mutex_);
   pending_tasks_.push_back(Event(Event::kWriteEndOfStream));
-  number_of_pending_tasks_.increment();
+  ++number_of_pending_tasks_;
   if (pending_tasks_.size() == 1) {
     condition_variable_.Signal();
   }
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ bool MediaDecoder::ProcessOneInputBuffer(
     input_buffer_indices->erase(input_buffer_indices->begin());
     event = pending_tasks->front();
     pending_tasks->pop_front();
-    number_of_pending_tasks_.decrement();
+    --number_of_pending_tasks_;
   }
 
   SB_DCHECK(event.type == Event::kWriteCodecConfig ||
diff --git a/starboard/android/shared/media_decoder.h b/starboard/android/shared/media_decoder.h
index 1805966b3c92..abd99b5e4ac3 100644
--- a/starboard/android/shared/media_decoder.h
+++ b/starboard/android/shared/media_decoder.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 #include <jni.h>
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <deque>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
@@ -24,7 +25,6 @@
 
 #include "starboard/android/shared/drm_system.h"
 #include "starboard/android/shared/media_codec_bridge.h"
-#include "starboard/common/atomic.h"
 #include "starboard/common/condition_variable.h"
 #include "starboard/common/mutex.h"
 #include "starboard/common/optional.h"
@@ -188,13 +188,13 @@ class MediaDecoder final
   SbPlayerError error_;
   std::string error_message_;
 
-  atomic_bool stream_ended_;
+  std::atomic_bool stream_ended_{false};
 
-  atomic_bool destroying_;
+  std::atomic_bool destroying_{false};
 
   optional<QueueInputBufferTask> pending_queue_input_buffer_task_;
 
-  atomic_int32_t number_of_pending_tasks_;
+  std::atomic<int32_t> number_of_pending_tasks_{0};
 
   Mutex mutex_;
   ConditionVariable condition_variable_;
diff --git a/starboard/android/shared/player_components_factory.h b/starboard/android/shared/player_components_factory.h
index d6060d8406e4..0b8f6cb0cd2f 100644
--- a/starboard/android/shared/player_components_factory.h
+++ b/starboard/android/shared/player_components_factory.h
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #ifndef STARBOARD_ANDROID_SHARED_PLAYER_COMPONENTS_FACTORY_H_
 #define STARBOARD_ANDROID_SHARED_PLAYER_COMPONENTS_FACTORY_H_
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ class AudioRendererSinkCallbackStub
     error_occurred_.store(true);
   }
 
-  atomic_bool error_occurred_;
+  std::atomic_bool error_occurred_{false};
 };
 
 class PlayerComponentsPassthrough
diff --git a/starboard/android/shared/video_decoder.h b/starboard/android/shared/video_decoder.h
index 5241bbb1f9fe..72f941fcc562 100644
--- a/starboard/android/shared/video_decoder.h
+++ b/starboard/android/shared/video_decoder.h
@@ -166,8 +166,8 @@ class VideoDecoder
   std::unique_ptr<VideoFrameTracker> video_frame_tracker_;
 
   // Preroll in tunnel mode is handled in this class instead of in the renderer.
-  atomic_bool tunnel_mode_prerolling_{true};
-  atomic_bool tunnel_mode_frame_rendered_;
+  std::atomic_bool tunnel_mode_prerolling_{true};
+  std::atomic_bool tunnel_mode_frame_rendered_{false};
 
   // If decode-to-texture is enabled, then we store the decode target texture
   // inside of this |decode_target_| member.
@@ -193,14 +193,14 @@ class VideoDecoder
 
   std::unique_ptr<MediaDecoder> media_decoder_;
 
-  atomic_int32_t number_of_frames_being_decoded_;
+  std::atomic<int32_t> number_of_frames_being_decoded_{0};
   scoped_refptr<Sink> sink_;
 
   int input_buffer_written_ = 0;
   bool first_texture_received_ = false;
   bool end_of_stream_written_ = false;
   volatile int64_t first_buffer_timestamp_;  // microseconds
-  atomic_bool has_new_texture_available_;
+  std::atomic_bool has_new_texture_available_{false};
 
   // Use |owns_video_surface_| only on decoder thread, to avoid unnecessary
   // invocation of ReleaseVideoSurface(), though ReleaseVideoSurface() would
diff --git a/starboard/common/thread.cc b/starboard/common/thread.cc
index 95a15c7a13a6..bdda549b4f9e 100644
--- a/starboard/common/thread.cc
+++ b/starboard/common/thread.cc
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 
 #include <pthread.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
+#include <atomic>
 
-#include "starboard/common/atomic.h"
 #include "starboard/common/log.h"
 #include "starboard/common/mutex.h"
 #include "starboard/common/optional.h"
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ namespace starboard {
 struct Thread::Data {
   std::string name_;
   pthread_t thread_ = 0;
-  atomic_bool started_;
-  atomic_bool join_called_;
+  std::atomic_bool started_{false};
+  std::atomic_bool join_called_{false};
   Semaphore join_sema_;
 };
 
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ starboard::Semaphore* Thread::join_sema() {
   return &d_->join_sema_;
 }
 
-starboard::atomic_bool* Thread::joined_bool() {
+std::atomic_bool* Thread::joined_bool() {
   return &d_->join_called_;
 }
 
diff --git a/starboard/common/thread.h b/starboard/common/thread.h
index 1ac5a19d47c3..9e0af365ec78 100644
--- a/starboard/common/thread.h
+++ b/starboard/common/thread.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #ifndef STARBOARD_COMMON_THREAD_H_
 #define STARBOARD_COMMON_THREAD_H_
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <functional>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
@@ -28,7 +29,6 @@
 namespace starboard {
 
 class Semaphore;
-class atomic_bool;
 
 class Thread {
  public:
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class Thread {
   // Join() was called then return |true|, else |false|.
   bool WaitForJoin(int64_t timeout);
   Semaphore* join_sema();
-  atomic_bool* joined_bool();
+  std::atomic_bool* joined_bool();
 
   struct Data;
   std::unique_ptr<Data> d_;
diff --git a/starboard/nplb/player_test_util.cc b/starboard/nplb/player_test_util.cc
index 7fa84d067dca..79de97e0e113 100644
--- a/starboard/nplb/player_test_util.cc
+++ b/starboard/nplb/player_test_util.cc
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@
 
 #include "starboard/nplb/player_test_util.h"
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <functional>
 
 #include "starboard/audio_sink.h"
-#include "starboard/common/atomic.h"
 #include "starboard/common/string.h"
 #include "starboard/extension/enhanced_audio.h"
 #include "starboard/nplb/drm_helpers.h"
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ void ErrorFunc(SbPlayer player,
                void* context,
                SbPlayerError error,
                const char* message) {
-  atomic_bool* error_occurred = static_cast<atomic_bool*>(context);
+  std::atomic_bool* error_occurred = static_cast<std::atomic_bool*>(context);
   error_occurred->exchange(true);
 }
 
diff --git a/starboard/nplb/thread_sampler_test.cc b/starboard/nplb/thread_sampler_test.cc
index 0693e9858baa..65f90fc37dbc 100644
--- a/starboard/nplb/thread_sampler_test.cc
+++ b/starboard/nplb/thread_sampler_test.cc
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 
 #include <sched.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
+#include <atomic>
 
-#include "starboard/common/atomic.h"
 #include "starboard/common/log.h"
 #include "starboard/common/time.h"
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class CountingThread : public posix::AbstractTestThread {
 
   void Run() override {
     while (!stop_.load()) {
-      counter_.increment();
+      ++counter_;
       usleep(1000);
     }
   }
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ class CountingThread : public posix::AbstractTestThread {
   }
 
  private:
-  atomic_bool stop_;
-  atomic_int32_t counter_;
+  std::atomic_bool stop_{false};
+  std::atomic_int counter_{0};
 };
 
 TEST(ThreadSamplerTest, RainyDayCreateSamplerInvalidThread) {
diff --git a/starboard/nplb/thread_test.cc b/starboard/nplb/thread_test.cc
index b2cb4e79b9e9..861178fbe5ec 100644
--- a/starboard/nplb/thread_test.cc
+++ b/starboard/nplb/thread_test.cc
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
 
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <functional>
 
-#include "starboard/common/atomic.h"
 #include "starboard/common/semaphore.h"
 #include "starboard/common/thread.h"
 #include "testing/gtest/include/gtest/gtest.h"
@@ -27,14 +27,14 @@ namespace {
 
 class TestRunThread : public Thread {
  public:
-  TestRunThread() : Thread("TestThread"), finished_(false) {}
+  TestRunThread() : Thread("TestThread") {}
 
   void Run() override {
     while (!WaitForJoin(1000)) {
     }
     finished_.store(true);
   }
-  atomic_bool finished_;
+  std::atomic_bool finished_{false};
 };
 
 // Tests the expectation that a thread subclass will have the expected
diff --git a/starboard/shared/pulse/pulse_audio_sink_type.cc b/starboard/shared/pulse/pulse_audio_sink_type.cc
index c5eacadf1082..eb091fc508e3 100644
--- a/starboard/shared/pulse/pulse_audio_sink_type.cc
+++ b/starboard/shared/pulse/pulse_audio_sink_type.cc
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@
 
 #include <pthread.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
+#include <atomic>
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <memory>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "starboard/audio_sink.h"
-#include "starboard/common/atomic.h"
 #include "starboard/common/log.h"
 #include "starboard/common/mutex.h"
 #include "starboard/common/time.h"
@@ -117,9 +117,9 @@ class PulseAudioSink : public SbAudioSinkPrivate {
   size_t last_request_size_ = 0;
   int64_t total_frames_played_ = 0;
   int64_t total_frames_written_ = 0;
-  atomic_double volume_{1.0};
-  atomic_bool volume_updated_{true};
-  atomic_bool is_paused_{false};
+  std::atomic<double> volume_{1.0};
+  std::atomic_bool volume_updated_{true};
+  std::atomic_bool is_paused_{false};
 };
 
 class PulseAudioSinkType : public SbAudioSinkPrivate::Type {
diff --git a/starboard/shared/starboard/link_receiver.cc b/starboard/shared/starboard/link_receiver.cc
index dcc9a3f41cea..c082fb2e5cc8 100644
--- a/starboard/shared/starboard/link_receiver.cc
+++ b/starboard/shared/starboard/link_receiver.cc
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@
 
 #include "starboard/shared/starboard/link_receiver.h"
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <utility>
 
-#include "starboard/common/atomic.h"
 #include "starboard/common/file.h"
 #include "starboard/common/log.h"
 #include "starboard/common/semaphore.h"
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ class LinkReceiver::Impl {
   pthread_t thread_;
 
   // An atomic flag that indicates whether to quit to the server thread.
-  atomic_bool quit_;
+  std::atomic_bool quit_{false};
 
   // The waiter to register sockets with and block on.
   SbSocketWaiter waiter_;
diff --git a/starboard/shared/starboard/net_log.cc b/starboard/shared/starboard/net_log.cc
index 632fdc847221..6b0aee3943a6 100644
--- a/starboard/shared/starboard/net_log.cc
+++ b/starboard/shared/starboard/net_log.cc
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <pthread.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <windows.h>
+#include <atomic>
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <deque>
@@ -26,7 +27,6 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
 
-#include "starboard/common/atomic.h"
 #include "starboard/common/log.h"
 #include "starboard/common/mutex.h"
 #include "starboard/common/once.h"
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ class BufferedSocketWriter {
           SbSocketError err = SbSocketGetLastError(dest_socket);
           SbSocketClearLastError(dest_socket);
           if (err == kSbSocketPending) {
-            blocked_counts_.increment();
+            ++blocked_counts_;
             WaitUntilWritableOrConnectionReset(dest_socket);
             continue;
           } else if (IsConnectionReset(err)) {
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ class BufferedSocketWriter {
   int chunk_size_;
   Mutex log_mutex_;
   std::deque<char> log_;
-  atomic_int32_t blocked_counts_;
+  std::atomic<int32_t> blocked_counts_{0};
 };
 
 // This class will listen to the provided socket for a client
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ class NetLogServer {
   std::unique_ptr<SocketListener> socket_listener_;
   std::unique_ptr<Thread> writer_thread_;
   Semaphore writer_thread_sema_;
-  atomic_bool is_joined_;
+  std::atomic_bool is_joined_{false};
 
   BufferedSocketWriter buffered_socket_writer_;
 };
diff --git a/starboard/shared/starboard/player/filter/audio_renderer_internal_pcm.cc b/starboard/shared/starboard/player/filter/audio_renderer_internal_pcm.cc
index 67614ac7a271..011063eab0a7 100644
--- a/starboard/shared/starboard/player/filter/audio_renderer_internal_pcm.cc
+++ b/starboard/shared/starboard/player/filter/audio_renderer_internal_pcm.cc
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ void AudioRendererPcm::GetSourceStatus(int* frames_in_buffer,
                                        bool* is_playing,
                                        bool* is_eos_reached) {
 #if SB_PLAYER_FILTER_ENABLE_STATE_CHECK
-  sink_callbacks_since_last_check_.increment();
+  ++sink_callbacks_since_last_check_;
 #endif  // SB_PLAYER_FILTER_ENABLE_STATE_CHECK
 
   {
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ void AudioRendererPcm::GetSourceStatus(int* frames_in_buffer,
 void AudioRendererPcm::ConsumeFrames(int frames_consumed,
                                      int64_t frames_consumed_at) {
 #if SB_PLAYER_FILTER_ENABLE_STATE_CHECK
-  sink_callbacks_since_last_check_.increment();
+  ++sink_callbacks_since_last_check_;
 #endif  // SB_PLAYER_FILTER_ENABLE_STATE_CHECK
 
   // Note that occasionally thread context switch may cause that the time
diff --git a/starboard/shared/starboard/player/filter/audio_renderer_internal_pcm.h b/starboard/shared/starboard/player/filter/audio_renderer_internal_pcm.h
index 6a424b4c20f7..a5eec80bb46f 100644
--- a/starboard/shared/starboard/player/filter/audio_renderer_internal_pcm.h
+++ b/starboard/shared/starboard/player/filter/audio_renderer_internal_pcm.h
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@
 #ifndef STARBOARD_SHARED_STARBOARD_PLAYER_FILTER_AUDIO_RENDERER_INTERNAL_PCM_H_
 #define STARBOARD_SHARED_STARBOARD_PLAYER_FILTER_AUDIO_RENDERER_INTERNAL_PCM_H_
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <functional>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "starboard/common/atomic.h"
 #include "starboard/common/log.h"
 #include "starboard/common/mutex.h"
 #include "starboard/common/optional.h"
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ class AudioRendererPcm : public AudioRenderer,
   static const int64_t kCheckAudioSinkStatusInterval = 1'000'000;  // 1 second
   void CheckAudioSinkStatus();
 
-  atomic_int32_t sink_callbacks_since_last_check_;
+  std::atomic<int32_t> sink_callbacks_since_last_check_{0};
 #endif  // SB_PLAYER_FILTER_ENABLE_STATE_CHECK
 };
 
diff --git a/starboard/shared/starboard/player/filter/punchout_video_renderer_sink.h b/starboard/shared/starboard/player/filter/punchout_video_renderer_sink.h
index dc4d3ed47775..bbfae144f33f 100644
--- a/starboard/shared/starboard/player/filter/punchout_video_renderer_sink.h
+++ b/starboard/shared/starboard/player/filter/punchout_video_renderer_sink.h
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 #define STARBOARD_SHARED_STARBOARD_PLAYER_FILTER_PUNCHOUT_VIDEO_RENDERER_SINK_H_
 
 #include <pthread.h>
+#include <atomic>
 
-#include "starboard/common/atomic.h"
 #include "starboard/common/mutex.h"
 #include "starboard/media.h"
 #include "starboard/player.h"
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class PunchoutVideoRendererSink : public VideoRendererSink {
   int64_t render_interval_;  // microseconds
   RenderCB render_cb_;
   pthread_t thread_;
-  atomic_bool stop_requested_;
+  std::atomic_bool stop_requested_{false};
 
   Mutex mutex_;
   int z_index_;
diff --git a/starboard/shared/starboard/player/filter/video_renderer_internal_impl.cc b/starboard/shared/starboard/player/filter/video_renderer_internal_impl.cc
index 2b7c6410ac6b..f7c50204dc91 100644
--- a/starboard/shared/starboard/player/filter/video_renderer_internal_impl.cc
+++ b/starboard/shared/starboard/player/filter/video_renderer_internal_impl.cc
@@ -44,12 +44,7 @@ VideoRendererImpl::VideoRendererImpl(
     : media_time_provider_(media_time_provider),
       algorithm_(std::move(algorithm)),
       sink_(sink),
-      decoder_(std::move(decoder)),
-      end_of_stream_written_(false),
-      ended_cb_called_(false),
-      need_more_input_(true),
-      seeking_(false),
-      number_of_frames_(0) {
+      decoder_(std::move(decoder)) {
   SB_DCHECK(decoder_ != NULL);
   SB_DCHECK(algorithm_ != NULL);
   SB_DCHECK(decoder_->GetMaxNumberOfCachedFrames() > 1);
@@ -284,7 +279,7 @@ void VideoRendererImpl::OnDecoderStatus(
       if (decoder_frames_.empty() || frame->is_end_of_stream() ||
           frame->timestamp() > decoder_frames_.back()->timestamp()) {
         decoder_frames_.push_back(frame);
-        number_of_frames_.increment();
+        ++number_of_frames_;
       }
     }
 
diff --git a/starboard/shared/starboard/player/filter/video_renderer_internal_impl.h b/starboard/shared/starboard/player/filter/video_renderer_internal_impl.h
index 36b310e64abe..45edbb4b61ad 100644
--- a/starboard/shared/starboard/player/filter/video_renderer_internal_impl.h
+++ b/starboard/shared/starboard/player/filter/video_renderer_internal_impl.h
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@
 #ifndef STARBOARD_SHARED_STARBOARD_PLAYER_FILTER_VIDEO_RENDERER_INTERNAL_IMPL_H_
 #define STARBOARD_SHARED_STARBOARD_PLAYER_FILTER_VIDEO_RENDERER_INTERNAL_IMPL_H_
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <list>
 #include <memory>
 
-#include "starboard/common/atomic.h"
 #include "starboard/common/log.h"
 #include "starboard/common/mutex.h"
 #include "starboard/common/ref_counted.h"
@@ -97,16 +97,16 @@ class VideoRendererImpl : public VideoRenderer, private JobQueue::JobOwner {
   // performance by keeping track of whether we already have a fresh decoder,
   // and can thus avoid doing a full reset.
   bool first_input_written_ = false;
-  atomic_bool end_of_stream_written_;
-  atomic_bool end_of_stream_decoded_;
-  atomic_bool ended_cb_called_;
+  std::atomic_bool end_of_stream_written_{false};
+  std::atomic_bool end_of_stream_decoded_{false};
+  std::atomic_bool ended_cb_called_{false};
 
-  atomic_bool need_more_input_;
-  atomic_bool seeking_;
+  std::atomic_bool need_more_input_{true};
+  std::atomic_bool seeking_{false};
   int64_t seeking_to_time_ = 0;  // microseconds
 
   // |number_of_frames_| = decoder_frames_.size() + sink_frames_.size()
-  atomic_int32_t number_of_frames_;
+  std::atomic<int32_t> number_of_frames_{0};
   // |sink_frames_| is locked inside VideoRenderer::Render() when calling
   // algorithm_->Render().  So OnDecoderStatus() won't try to lock and append
   // the decoded frames to |sink_frames_| directly to avoid being blocked.  It
diff --git a/starboard/shared/starboard/queue_application.cc b/starboard/shared/starboard/queue_application.cc
index bb4a186821ab..ca7dd6524a0a 100644
--- a/starboard/shared/starboard/queue_application.cc
+++ b/starboard/shared/starboard/queue_application.cc
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@
 
 #include "starboard/shared/starboard/queue_application.h"
 
-#include "starboard/common/atomic.h"
+#include <atomic>
+
 #include "starboard/common/condition_variable.h"
 #include "starboard/common/log.h"
 #include "starboard/common/time.h"
@@ -92,11 +93,11 @@ void QueueApplication::CancelTimedEvent(SbEventId event_id) {
 
 void QueueApplication::InjectAndProcess(SbEventType type,
                                         bool checkSystemEvents) {
-  atomic_bool event_processed;
+  std::atomic_bool event_processed{false};
   Event* flagged_event = new Event(
-      type, const_cast<atomic_bool*>(&event_processed), [](void* flag) {
+      type, const_cast<std::atomic_bool*>(&event_processed), [](void* flag) {
         auto* bool_flag =
-            const_cast<atomic_bool*>(static_cast<atomic_bool*>(flag));
+            const_cast<std::atomic_bool*>(static_cast<std::atomic_bool*>(flag));
         bool_flag->store(true);
       });
   Inject(flagged_event);
diff --git a/starboard/shared/uwp/audio_renderer_passthrough.h b/starboard/shared/uwp/audio_renderer_passthrough.h
index 53f0447cdb6d..d3c39f9fe4e3 100644
--- a/starboard/shared/uwp/audio_renderer_passthrough.h
+++ b/starboard/shared/uwp/audio_renderer_passthrough.h
@@ -107,12 +107,12 @@ class AudioRendererPassthrough : public AudioRenderer,
   double playback_rate_ = 1.0;
   int64_t seeking_to_time_ = 0;
 
-  atomic_bool end_of_stream_written_{false};
-  atomic_bool end_of_stream_played_{false};
+  std::atomic_bool end_of_stream_written_{false};
+  std::atomic_bool end_of_stream_played_{false};
   // Use DecodedAudio to store decrypted and formatted encoded audio data.
   std::queue<scoped_refptr<DecodedAudio>> pending_inputs_;
 
-  atomic_bool can_accept_more_data_;
+  std::atomic_bool can_accept_more_data_{false};
 
   JobQueue::JobToken process_audio_buffers_job_token_;
   std::function<void()> process_audio_buffers_job_;
diff --git a/starboard/shared/uwp/extended_resources_manager.h b/starboard/shared/uwp/extended_resources_manager.h
index 78d3fee1d9c8..b00c9525c893 100644
--- a/starboard/shared/uwp/extended_resources_manager.h
+++ b/starboard/shared/uwp/extended_resources_manager.h
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 
 #include <atomic>
 
-#include "starboard/common/atomic.h"
 #include "starboard/common/mutex.h"
 #include "starboard/common/queue.h"
 #include "starboard/configuration.h"
@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@ class ExtendedResourcesManager {
 
   shared::starboard::ThreadChecker thread_checker_;
   Mutex mutex_;
-  atomic_bool is_extended_resources_acquired_;
+  std::atomic_bool is_extended_resources_acquired_{false};
 
   std::atomic_bool is_av1_shader_compiled_ = {false};
   std::atomic_bool is_vp9_shader_compiled_ = {false};
@@ -99,7 +98,7 @@ class ExtendedResourcesManager {
 
   // This is set to true when a release of extended resources is requested.
   // Anything delaying the release should be expedited when this is set.
-  atomic_bool pending_extended_resources_release_;
+  std::atomic_bool pending_extended_resources_release_{false};
 
   // This condition variable is used to synchronize changes to
   // is_extended_resources_acquired_.
diff --git a/starboard/shared/uwp/microphone_impl.cc b/starboard/shared/uwp/microphone_impl.cc
index 8b5eb24588f9..5721f011c126 100644
--- a/starboard/shared/uwp/microphone_impl.cc
+++ b/starboard/shared/uwp/microphone_impl.cc
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@
 
 // C++ headers.
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <atomic>
 #include <deque>
 #include <memory>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "starboard/common/atomic.h"
 #include "starboard/common/log.h"
 #include "starboard/common/mutex.h"
 #include "starboard/common/semaphore.h"
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ class MicrophoneImpl : public SbMicrophonePrivate {
 // Singleton access is required by the microphone interface as specified by
 // nplb.
 const SbMicrophoneId kSingletonId = reinterpret_cast<SbMicrophoneId>(0x1);
-starboard::atomic_pointer<MicrophoneImpl*> s_singleton_pointer;
+std::atomic<MicrophoneImpl*> s_singleton_pointer{nullptr};
 
 }  // namespace.
 
diff --git a/starboard/shared/uwp/wasapi_audio.cc b/starboard/shared/uwp/wasapi_audio.cc
index 149da359d01d..679aacc4a47c 100644
--- a/starboard/shared/uwp/wasapi_audio.cc
+++ b/starboard/shared/uwp/wasapi_audio.cc
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
 #include "starboard/shared/uwp/wasapi_audio.h"
 
 #include <mfapi.h>
+#include <atomic>
 
-#include "starboard/common/atomic.h"
 #include "starboard/common/log.h"
 #include "starboard/common/mutex.h"
 #include "starboard/common/once.h"
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class DefaultAudioRenderParams {
   }
 
  private:
-  atomic_bool is_dirty_{true};
+  std::atomic_bool is_dirty_{true};
   Mutex mutex_;
   int cached_bitrate_ = 0;
   int cached_channels_ = 0;
diff --git a/starboard/shared/uwp/wasapi_audio_sink.h b/starboard/shared/uwp/wasapi_audio_sink.h
index 0755a12d1757..c846f3476deb 100644
--- a/starboard/shared/uwp/wasapi_audio_sink.h
+++ b/starboard/shared/uwp/wasapi_audio_sink.h
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@
 #include <mmdeviceapi.h>
 #include <wrl\client.h>
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <functional>
 #include <memory>
 #include <queue>
 
-#include "starboard/common/atomic.h"
 #include "starboard/common/log.h"
 #include "starboard/common/mutex.h"
 #include "starboard/common/ref_counted.h"
@@ -156,9 +156,9 @@ class WASAPIAudioSink {
   const int kAc3BufferSizeInFrames = 1536;
   const int kEac3BufferSizeInFrames = 6144;
 
-  atomic_bool paused_{false};
-  atomic_double playback_rate_{0.0};
-  atomic_double volume_{0.0};
+  std::atomic_bool paused_{false};
+  std::atomic<double> playback_rate_{0.0};
+  std::atomic<double> volume_{0.0};
   double current_volume_ = 0.0;
   bool was_playing_ = false;
 
diff --git a/starboard/shared/widevine/drm_system_widevine.h b/starboard/shared/widevine/drm_system_widevine.h
index 146557313e2b..257de6558cf0 100644
--- a/starboard/shared/widevine/drm_system_widevine.h
+++ b/starboard/shared/widevine/drm_system_widevine.h
@@ -15,13 +15,14 @@
 #ifndef STARBOARD_SHARED_WIDEVINE_DRM_SYSTEM_WIDEVINE_H_
 #define STARBOARD_SHARED_WIDEVINE_DRM_SYSTEM_WIDEVINE_H_
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <limits>
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "starboard/common/atomic.h"
+#include "starboard/common/mutex.h"
 #include "starboard/common/optional.h"
 #include "starboard/mutex.h"
 #include "starboard/shared/starboard/drm/drm_system_internal.h"
@@ -199,7 +200,7 @@ class DrmSystemWidevine : public SbDrmSystemPrivate,
   int maximum_number_of_session_updates_ = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
 #endif  // !defined(COBALT_BUILD_TYPE_GOLD)
 
-  atomic_bool first_update_session_received_{false};
+  std::atomic_bool first_update_session_received_{false};
 };
 
 }  // namespace widevine
diff --git a/starboard/shared/win32/audio_decoder_thread.cc b/starboard/shared/win32/audio_decoder_thread.cc
index f1bd9497fd6b..15e77d620bd0 100644
--- a/starboard/shared/win32/audio_decoder_thread.cc
+++ b/starboard/shared/win32/audio_decoder_thread.cc
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ bool AudioDecoderThread::QueueInput(const scoped_refptr<InputBuffer>& buffer) {
   }
 
   // increment() returns the previous value.
-  size_t element_count = processing_elements_.increment() + 1;
+  size_t element_count = processing_elements_++ + 1;
   semaphore_.Put();
   return element_count < kMaxProcessingElements;
 }
diff --git a/starboard/shared/win32/audio_decoder_thread.h b/starboard/shared/win32/audio_decoder_thread.h
index 34567135a2e6..3ede570fb25e 100644
--- a/starboard/shared/win32/audio_decoder_thread.h
+++ b/starboard/shared/win32/audio_decoder_thread.h
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@
 #ifndef STARBOARD_SHARED_WIN32_AUDIO_DECODER_THREAD_H_
 #define STARBOARD_SHARED_WIN32_AUDIO_DECODER_THREAD_H_
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <deque>
 #include <queue>
 
-#include "starboard/common/atomic.h"
 #include "starboard/common/ref_counted.h"
 #include "starboard/common/semaphore.h"
 #include "starboard/common/thread.h"
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class AudioDecoderThread : private Thread {
 
   std::deque<scoped_refptr<InputBuffer> > input_buffer_queue_;
   ::starboard::Mutex input_buffer_queue_mutex_;
-  atomic_int32_t processing_elements_;
+  std::atomic<int32_t> processing_elements_{0};
   Semaphore semaphore_;
 };
 
diff --git a/starboard/shared/win32/socket_internal.h b/starboard/shared/win32/socket_internal.h
index c51eed06411b..b437feadf94c 100644
--- a/starboard/shared/win32/socket_internal.h
+++ b/starboard/shared/win32/socket_internal.h
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@
 
 #include <WS2tcpip.h>
 #include <winsock2.h>
+#include <atomic>
 
-#include "starboard/common/atomic.h"
 #include "starboard/common/socket.h"
 #include "starboard/shared/internal_only.h"
 #include "starboard/shared/win32/auto_event_handle.h"
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ struct SbSocketPrivate {
         protocol(protocol),
         socket_handle(handle),
         socket_event(WSA_INVALID_EVENT),
-        writable(0),
         error(kSbSocketOk),
         waiter(kSbSocketWaiterInvalid),
         bound_to(bound_to) {}
@@ -69,7 +68,7 @@ struct SbSocketPrivate {
   // edge-triggered, unlike other events.
   //
   // See MSDN documentation for WSAEventSelect FD_WRITE for more info.
-  starboard::atomic_bool writable;
+  std::atomic_bool writable{false};
 
   // The last error that occurred on this socket, or kSbSocketOk.
   SbSocketError error;
diff --git a/starboard/shared/win32/win32_audio_decoder.cc b/starboard/shared/win32/win32_audio_decoder.cc
index 4c297841c4d3..d550cd7bfed2 100644
--- a/starboard/shared/win32/win32_audio_decoder.cc
+++ b/starboard/shared/win32/win32_audio_decoder.cc
@@ -68,7 +68,6 @@ class AbstractWin32AudioDecoderImpl : public AbstractWin32AudioDecoder {
         audio_frame_fmt_(audio_frame_fmt),
         sample_type_(sample_type),
         number_of_channels_(audio_stream_info.number_of_channels),
-        heaac_detected_(false),
         expected_buffer_size_(
             GetExpectedBufferSize(codec_,
                                   audio_stream_info.number_of_channels)) {
@@ -234,7 +233,7 @@ class AbstractWin32AudioDecoderImpl : public AbstractWin32AudioDecoder {
   std::unique_ptr<DecryptingDecoder> impl_;
   std::queue<DecodedAudioPtr> output_queue_;
   uint16_t number_of_channels_;
-  atomic_bool heaac_detected_;
+  std::atomic_bool heaac_detected_{false};
   int samples_per_second_;
   const size_t expected_buffer_size_;
 };
diff --git a/starboard/xb1/shared/gpu_base_video_decoder.h b/starboard/xb1/shared/gpu_base_video_decoder.h
index 3bd9c7a31650..5ef5210ff80b 100644
--- a/starboard/xb1/shared/gpu_base_video_decoder.h
+++ b/starboard/xb1/shared/gpu_base_video_decoder.h
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "starboard/common/atomic.h"
 #include "starboard/common/mutex.h"
 #include "starboard/common/ref_counted.h"
 #include "starboard/shared/starboard/decode_target/decode_target_context_runner.h"
@@ -205,7 +204,7 @@ class GpuVideoDecoderBase
   const bool is_10x3_preferred_;
   int frame_width_;
   int frame_height_;
-  atomic_integral<RetrievingBehavior> decoder_behavior_{kDecodingStopped};
+  std::atomic<RetrievingBehavior> decoder_behavior_{kDecodingStopped};
   std::atomic_bool error_occured_ = {false};
 
   // These are platform-specific objects required to create and use a codec.