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Terminal Commands.md

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Linux subsystem on WSL2

Currently I am using two environments: Windows 10 and a Linux subsystem on WSL2. The latter is preferred and should be used for future projects, as for one, it makes Rails much easier to work with, and is more of an industry standard than Windows.

Ubuntu will open in /home/justjohnd

Unless otherwise noted, all commands can be executed from within Ubuntu.

Commands regarding your linux distribution

  • Check to see what version of WSL you are running: From Windows start, search for Command Prompt, right click and run as Administrator. Then enter wsl --list --verbose
  • Check the current versuion of Ubuntu: lsb_release -dc
  • Update your distribution: (This should be done regularly, and manually, as Windows does not provide automatic updates) sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

Change environment variables systemwide (note: this doesn't currently work for me!)

  • Enter environment file: sudo -H vi /etc/environment
  • Add your value: MONGOSH = 'mongosh "mongodb+srv://cluster0.r33ym.mongodb.net/myFirstDatabase" --username justjohnd'
  • Logout and login. Test echo $MONGOSH. Get nothing returned

(Installing nvm)[https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/dev-environment/javascript/nodejs-on-wsl]

Node version manager is useful when operating in different environments such as Windows and Ubuntu. Prior to installation, however, node and npm should be uninstalled from the distribution and reinstalled after nvm is installed.

  • Uninstall node, npm, and dependencies: sudo apt-get purge --auto-remove nodejs
  • Install cURL: sudo apt-get install curl
  • Install nvm: curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.0/install.sh | bash
  • Close terminal and then verify installation: command -v nvm. This should return nvm
  • List versions of node currently installed: nvm ls
  • Install current stable version of node: nvm install --lts

Find out current user:

whoami

Change owner of file to current user:

sudo chown -R $USER /file-path

File and Directory Manipulation

Create File or direcotry

There are a variety of ways to create a file or directory. To create a file or directory, either navigate to the location you want it created, or precede the file/directory name with path

  • Directory only: mkdir <directory-name>
  • File only: touch <filename>

You can also use > or | tee along with the echo command, as shown below, to create files and directories and to add content into the file or directory at the same time. WARNING: using > or | tee alone will overwrite any existing files or directories (and their content) of the same name. You can use -a to append, instead of overwriting.

Using > This will add "Content" to a file, and also create the file. (You can also create an empty file)

echo "Content" > <file/name>

Example: echo {} > .prettierrc.json creates the file .prettierrc.json and adds {} to the file

Using | tee Thus will add "Content" to one or multiple files.

echo "Content" | tee <filename> <filename>`

Example: echo "node_modules" | tee .gitignore .prettierignore creates two files and adds "node_modules" to both

Change file or directory name:

mv full/file/path/old-name full/file/path/new-name Ex.: mv /home/user/temp /home/user/directory

Move file or directory:

WARNING When moving adirectory, make sure to specify the directory name at the end of the file path or it will overwrite the destination directory! Ex.: sudo mv restaurant /projects/restaurant

If in the above example, you used a desination path /projects, the directory restaurant would be renamed projects and moved to the root (/) directory.

Remove a directory and contents

rm -r <directory name>

Learn how to find a file/directory (here)[https://devconnected.com/how-to-rename-a-directory-on-linux/]

npm Commands

Find all packages installed:

npm list --depth=0

Misc:

Generate random string of bytes This is good for creating JWT secrets.

node
require("crypto").randomBytes(35).toString("hex");