Add a new otelcol.exporter.debug component

[ptodev]

Request

We need to add a new otelcol.exporter.debug component based on the debug exporter. We should also deprecate otelcol.exporter.logging by adding a "warning" message in its doc that the component is deprecated and may be removed around October 2024.

Use case

OpenTelemetry Collector's logging exporter has been deprecated in favour of the new debug exporter.

[BarunKGP]

@ptodev could you please assign this to me? I plan to take a stab at it this weekend.

[ptodev]

@BarunKGP - Of course! Thank you!

[BarunKGP]

@ptodev thanks for assigning this to me! I've already set up the code, and I'll open a PR for it soon.

I was wondering whether I should create a separate PR documenting the logging exporter deprecation warning, or would it make sense to simply add it in this one?

[ptodev]

@BarunKGP thank you for your PR! It is ok to add the warning in the same PR (#5867).

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