diff --git a/solana/generate_program_so_from_txhistory.ts b/solana/generate_program_so_from_txhistory.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1235d82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/solana/generate_program_so_from_txhistory.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+import { Connection, PublicKey, GetVersionedTransactionConfig, TransactionResponse, SystemProgram, SystemInstruction } from "@solana/web3.js";
+import * as prompt from "prompt";
+import base58 from "bs58";
+import fs from "fs";
+import invariant from "tiny-invariant";
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// utils
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+const BPF_LOADER_UPGRADABLE_LOADER = new PublicKey("BPFLoaderUpgradeab1e11111111111111111111111");
+
+// see: https://docs.rs/solana-program/latest/src/solana_program/bpf_loader_upgradeable.rs.html#29
+const PROGRAM_DATA_META_SIZE = 4 + 8 + 1 + 32; // enum + u64(deploySlot) + Option<Pubkey(auth)>
+const BUFFER_META_SIZE = 4 + 1 + 32; // enum + Option<Pubkey(auth)>
+
+async function isUpgradableProgramAccount(connection: Connection, programId: PublicKey): Promise<boolean> {
+  const accountInfo = await connection.getAccountInfo(programId);
+  if (!accountInfo) return false;
+  if (!accountInfo.owner.equals(BPF_LOADER_UPGRADABLE_LOADER)) return false;
+  const accountType = accountInfo.data.readUint32LE(0);
+  return accountType === 2; // 2:Program
+}
+
+async function getUpgradableProgramDataAccountSize(connection: Connection, programId: PublicKey): Promise<number> {
+  const accountInfo = await connection.getAccountInfo(programId);
+  invariant(!!accountInfo, "account not found");
+  invariant(!!accountInfo.owner.equals(BPF_LOADER_UPGRADABLE_LOADER), "not upgradable program account");
+  const accountType = accountInfo.data.readUint32LE(0);
+  invariant(accountType === 2, "not program account");
+
+  const programDataAccountPubkey = new PublicKey(accountInfo.data.slice(4, 36));
+  const programDataAccountInfo = await connection.getAccountInfo(programDataAccountPubkey);
+  invariant(!!programDataAccountInfo, "program data account not found");
+  const programDataAccountSize = programDataAccountInfo.data.length;
+  return programDataAccountSize;
+}
+
+function isInitializeBufferTransaction(tx: TransactionResponse, bufferAccountPubkey: PublicKey): boolean {
+  const transaction = tx.transaction;
+  const instructions = transaction.message.instructions;
+  const keys = transaction.message.accountKeys;
+
+  if (instructions.length !== 2) return false;
+
+  // System Program: Create Account(0)
+  if (!keys[instructions[0].programIdIndex].equals(SystemProgram.programId)) return false;
+  const systemProgramInstructionCode = Buffer.from(base58.decode(instructions[0].data).slice(0, 4)).readUInt32LE(0);
+  if (systemProgramInstructionCode !== 0) return false;
+  if (!keys[instructions[0].accounts[1]].equals(bufferAccountPubkey)) return false;
+
+  // BPF Upgradable Loader: Initialize Buffer(0)
+  if (!keys[instructions[1].programIdIndex].equals(BPF_LOADER_UPGRADABLE_LOADER)) return false;
+  const bpfUpgradableLoaderInstructionCode = Buffer.from(base58.decode(instructions[1].data).slice(0, 4)).readUInt32LE(0);
+  if (bpfUpgradableLoaderInstructionCode !== 0) return false;
+  if (!keys[instructions[1].accounts[0]].equals(bufferAccountPubkey)) return false;
+  
+  return true;
+}
+
+function isWriteTransaction(tx: TransactionResponse, bufferAccountPubkey: PublicKey): boolean {
+  const transaction = tx.transaction;
+  const instructions = transaction.message.instructions;
+  const keys = transaction.message.accountKeys;
+
+  if (instructions.length !== 1) return false;
+
+  // BPF Upgradable Loader: Write(1)
+  if (!keys[instructions[0].programIdIndex].equals(BPF_LOADER_UPGRADABLE_LOADER)) return false;
+  const bpfUpgradableLoaderInstructionCode = Buffer.from(base58.decode(instructions[0].data).slice(0, 4)).readUInt32LE(0);
+  if (bpfUpgradableLoaderInstructionCode !== 1) return false;
+  if (!keys[instructions[0].accounts[0]].equals(bufferAccountPubkey)) return false;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+function isUpgradeTransaction(tx: TransactionResponse, bufferAccountPubkey?: PublicKey): boolean {
+  const transaction = tx.transaction;
+  const instructions = transaction.message.instructions;
+  const keys = transaction.message.accountKeys;
+
+  if (instructions.length !== 1) return false;
+
+  // BPF Upgradable Loader: Upgrade(3)
+  if (!keys[instructions[0].programIdIndex].equals(BPF_LOADER_UPGRADABLE_LOADER)) return false;
+  const bpfUpgradableLoaderInstructionCode = Buffer.from(base58.decode(instructions[0].data).slice(0, 4)).readUInt32LE(0);
+  if (bpfUpgradableLoaderInstructionCode !== 3) return false;
+  if (!!bufferAccountPubkey && !keys[instructions[0].accounts[2]].equals(bufferAccountPubkey)) return false;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+function isDeployWithMaxDataLenTransaction(tx: TransactionResponse, bufferAccountPubkey?: PublicKey): boolean {
+  const transaction = tx.transaction;
+  const instructions = transaction.message.instructions;
+  const keys = transaction.message.accountKeys;
+
+  if (instructions.length !== 2) return false;
+
+  // BPF Upgradable Loader: DeployWithMaxDataLen(2)
+  if (!keys[instructions[1].programIdIndex].equals(BPF_LOADER_UPGRADABLE_LOADER)) return false;
+  const bpfUpgradableLoaderInstructionCode = Buffer.from(base58.decode(instructions[1].data).slice(0, 4)).readUInt32LE(0);
+  if (bpfUpgradableLoaderInstructionCode !== 2) return false;
+  if (!!bufferAccountPubkey && !keys[instructions[1].accounts[3]].equals(bufferAccountPubkey)) return false;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+function isSetAuthorityTransaction(tx: TransactionResponse, bufferAccountPubkey: PublicKey): boolean {
+  const transaction = tx.transaction;
+  const instructions = transaction.message.instructions;
+  const keys = transaction.message.accountKeys;
+
+  if (instructions.length !== 1) return false;
+
+  // BPF Upgradable Loader: Set Authority(4)
+  if (!keys[instructions[0].programIdIndex].equals(BPF_LOADER_UPGRADABLE_LOADER)) return false;
+  const bpfUpgradableLoaderInstructionCode = Buffer.from(base58.decode(instructions[0].data).slice(0, 4)).readUInt32LE(0);
+  if (bpfUpgradableLoaderInstructionCode !== 4) return false;
+  if (!keys[instructions[0].accounts[0]].equals(bufferAccountPubkey)) return false;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+function getAllocatedDataSize(tx: TransactionResponse): number {
+  const transaction = tx.transaction;
+  const instructions = transaction.message.instructions;
+  const keys = transaction.message.accountKeys;
+
+  const createAccountIx = SystemInstruction.decodeCreateAccount({
+    programId: SystemProgram.programId,
+    data: Buffer.from(base58.decode(instructions[0].data)),
+    keys: instructions[0].accounts.map((i) => ({
+      isSigner: transaction.message.isAccountSigner(i),
+      isWritable: transaction.message.isAccountWritable(i),
+      pubkey: keys[i],
+    })),
+  });
+
+  return createAccountIx.space;
+}
+
+type WritePayload = {
+  offset: number;
+  bytes: Buffer;
+};
+
+function getWritePayload(tx: TransactionResponse): WritePayload {
+  const transaction = tx.transaction;
+  const instructions = transaction.message.instructions;
+
+  // instruction code: u32
+  // offset: ui32
+  // length: u64
+  // bytes: [u8; length]
+  const data = Buffer.from(base58.decode(instructions[0].data));
+
+  const offset = data.readUInt32LE(4);
+  const length = data.readBigUint64LE(8);
+  const bytes = data.slice(16);
+  invariant(length === BigInt(bytes.length), "length mismatch");
+  
+  return {offset, bytes};
+}
+
+function getBufferAccountFromUpgradeTransaction(tx: TransactionResponse): PublicKey {
+  const transaction = tx.transaction;
+  const instructions = transaction.message.instructions;
+  const keys = transaction.message.accountKeys;
+  return keys[instructions[0].accounts[2]];
+}
+
+function getBufferAccountFromDeployWithMaxDataLenTransaction(tx: TransactionResponse): PublicKey {
+  const transaction = tx.transaction;
+  const instructions = transaction.message.instructions;
+  const keys = transaction.message.accountKeys;
+  return keys[instructions[1].accounts[3]];
+}
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+const RPC_ENDPOINT_URL = process.env["RPC_ENDPOINT_URL"];
+
+const TRANSACTION_HISTORY_LIMIT = 1000;
+const MAX_TRANSACTION_HISTORY_FETCH_COUNT = 10; // max transaction number: 1000 * 10 = 10000
+const TRANSACTION_FETCH_CHUNK_SIZE = 25;
+
+//const INITIALIZE_BUFFER_SAMPLE = "4vzG5qUCqMQXXhKCSok4fjXnLctNQXzNtotVfN6EimpKyDbngAJHGnY1wEoKohjFqVcUHdVPNSD8TwEgcuiQrkSN";
+//const WRITE_SAMPLE = "PNQxq8XSJWYxH19EqWc7HCjKdMYa8e26m8ZEAinWTuCCMcMt16yZau45zgZQ32LmWssJCMH5LkmyZaJwRApgQ1d";
+//const SET_AUTHORITY_SAMPLE = "5fBS6zsWEzrjvA4xgReKzFdxjAG2LddQJeUsZkLDU9YDrzUyJ7EbJminmE1S1W2UmfWUnetYRJAWcwJZoCz3cbZ3";
+//const UPGRADE_SAMPLE = "56A3UEVNNjuT4qtDVVWKXzBdSDYiygi4vUJtYmtLHErNxzoctgchmwR53g1Z392JTEPrLaNtQaudZJKjbH9yn2Qn";
+//const DEPLOY_SAMPLE = "4QfHs7WnQfxHYHVSG2L3Bphju9FDKZBvr3Abie57XV2RPDEcbCLnCy8R63pCFcxdQyk7LAsbhT4WPtGj4AzFaWaH";
+
+async function main() {
+  const connection = new Connection(RPC_ENDPOINT_URL, "finalized");
+  const config: GetVersionedTransactionConfig = {maxSupportedTransactionVersion: 0};
+
+  const {upgradableProgramId} = await prompt.get(["upgradableProgramId"]);
+  console.log("upgradableProgramId:", upgradableProgramId);
+  const upgradableProgramPubkey = new PublicKey(upgradableProgramId);
+
+  const isUpgradable = await isUpgradableProgramAccount(connection, upgradableProgramPubkey);
+  invariant(isUpgradable, "not upgradable program account");
+
+  const programDataAccountSize = await getUpgradableProgramDataAccountSize(connection, upgradableProgramPubkey);
+  const soBinarySize = programDataAccountSize - PROGRAM_DATA_META_SIZE;
+  console.log("programDataAccountSize:", programDataAccountSize);
+  console.log("soBinarySize:", soBinarySize);
+
+  const {deployOrUpgradeTransactionSignature} = await prompt.get(["deployOrUpgradeTransactionSignature"]);
+  console.log("deployOrUpgradeTransactionSignature:", deployOrUpgradeTransactionSignature);
+
+  const deployOrUpgradeTransaction = await connection.getTransaction(deployOrUpgradeTransactionSignature, config);
+  let bufferAccountPubkey: PublicKey;
+  if (isDeployWithMaxDataLenTransaction(deployOrUpgradeTransaction)) {
+    bufferAccountPubkey = getBufferAccountFromDeployWithMaxDataLenTransaction(deployOrUpgradeTransaction);
+  }
+  else if (isUpgradeTransaction(deployOrUpgradeTransaction)) {
+    bufferAccountPubkey = getBufferAccountFromUpgradeTransaction(deployOrUpgradeTransaction);
+  } else {
+    throw new Error("invalid transaction");
+  }
+  console.log("bufferAccountPubkey:", bufferAccountPubkey.toBase58());
+
+  console.log("fetching transaction history...");
+  const signatures: string[] = [];
+  let allFetched = false;
+  let before = undefined;
+  for (let i = 0; i < MAX_TRANSACTION_HISTORY_FETCH_COUNT; i++) {
+    const result = await connection.getConfirmedSignaturesForAddress2(bufferAccountPubkey, {
+      limit: TRANSACTION_HISTORY_LIMIT,
+      before,
+    });
+    before = result[result.length - 1].signature;
+    signatures.push(...result.map((r) => r.signature));
+
+    if (result.length < TRANSACTION_HISTORY_LIMIT) {
+      allFetched = true;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!allFetched) {
+    console.log("transaction history fetch limit reached");
+    return;
+  }
+  console.log("\tfound:", signatures.length, "transactions");
+
+  signatures.reverse();
+
+  const sleep = (ms: number) => new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
+  const transactions: Map<string, TransactionResponse> = new Map();
+  for (let i = 0; i < signatures.length; i += TRANSACTION_FETCH_CHUNK_SIZE) {
+    const chunk = signatures.slice(i, i + TRANSACTION_FETCH_CHUNK_SIZE);
+    console.log("\tfetching", i, "to", i + TRANSACTION_FETCH_CHUNK_SIZE - 1, "...");
+    const txs = await connection.getTransactions(chunk, config);
+    txs.forEach((tx) => transactions.set(tx.transaction.signatures[0], tx));
+    await sleep(1000);
+  }
+  
+  console.log("building program data...");
+
+  let programDataSize: number;
+  let writeSet: Map<number, WritePayload>;
+  for (const signature of signatures) {
+    const tx = transactions.get(signature)!;
+
+    if (isInitializeBufferTransaction(tx, bufferAccountPubkey)) {
+      programDataSize = getAllocatedDataSize(tx) - BUFFER_META_SIZE;
+      writeSet = new Map();
+      console.log("\tinitialize buffer", programDataSize);
+    } else if (isWriteTransaction(tx, bufferAccountPubkey)) {
+      const write = getWritePayload(tx);
+      writeSet.set(write.offset, write);
+      console.log("\twrite", write.offset, write.bytes.length);
+    } else if (isUpgradeTransaction(tx, bufferAccountPubkey) || isDeployWithMaxDataLenTransaction(tx, bufferAccountPubkey)) {
+      const upgrade = isUpgradeTransaction(tx, bufferAccountPubkey);
+      console.log(upgrade ? "\tupgrade" : "\tdeploy with max data len");
+
+      invariant(programDataSize <= soBinarySize, "program data size too large");
+
+      const programData = Buffer.alloc(soBinarySize);
+      const writes = Array.from(writeSet.values());
+      writes.sort((a, b) => a.offset - b.offset);
+      let end = 0;
+      for (const write of writes) {
+        invariant(write.offset === end, "write offset mismatch");
+        end += write.bytes.length;
+        programData.set(write.bytes, write.offset);
+      }
+      invariant(end === programDataSize, "program data size mismatch");
+
+      fs.writeFileSync(`${deployOrUpgradeTransactionSignature}.so`, programData);
+    }  else if (isSetAuthorityTransaction(tx, bufferAccountPubkey)) {
+      // nop
+      console.log("\tset authority");
+    }
+    else {
+      console.log("unknown transaction", signature);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+main();