silkworm_capi_test crashes in debug gcc

[battlmonstr]

commit: 7192076
gcc 13.2.0
os: Ubuntu 24.04

configure:

cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -S . -B build
cmake --build build -j4 -t silkworm_capi_test

test:

$ ./build/silkworm/capi/silkworm_capi_test --help
[libprotobuf ERROR /home/conan/workspace/prod-v1/bsr/71556/bafac/.conan/data/protobuf/3.21.12/_/_/build/2dbf65f76c0469903ce48756c39d50cd4e721678/src/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database.cc:642] File already exists in database: types/types.proto
[libprotobuf FATAL /home/conan/workspace/prod-v1/bsr/71556/bafac/.conan/data/protobuf/3.21.12/_/_/build/2dbf65f76c0469903ce48756c39d50cd4e721678/src/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.cc:1986] CHECK failed: GeneratedDatabase()->Add(encoded_file_descriptor, size): 
terminate called after throwing an instance of 'google::protobuf::FatalException'
  what():  CHECK failed: GeneratedDatabase()->Add(encoded_file_descriptor, size): 
Aborted (core dumped)

Preliminary investigation

When interfaces generates code from types/types.proto and others it generates some static variables in types.pb.cc files that trigger an update of this global registry static variable. It is important therefore that silkworm_interfaces and is only linked once in the final binary. Otherwise we have duplicate registrations and a crash. Is it possible that silkworm_interfaces is linked multiple times?

Note: it doesn't happen in clang, and not happening on gcc release and relwithdebinfo, only gcc debug.
We don't see this issue on the linux-gcc-thread-sanitizer job (uses gcc 14 debug), because it defines SILKWORM_SANITIZE, and we disable the silkworm_capi_test target (NO_TEST)

Related bugs

#1881
#2108