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Building a FrankeNASS with Ceph

In this tutorial, we will build a NAS using a variety of old hardware and the open-source storage solution Ceph. Follow along with the video and the steps below.

Video Walkthrough

Watch the video

Step-by-Step Guide

1. Introduction

[00:00 - 00:02] I'm building a NAS with all of this: A bunch of junk and spare parts I found in my storage closet. A couple old laptops, a Zima board, a Ugreen NAS, a TerraMaster NAS, an old Dell server, a pile of random servers and hard drives, and a few Raspberry Pi's.

2. What is Ceph?

[00:21 - 00:24] With an open-source magic technology called Ceph. It's software-defined storage and it's crazy.

3. Setting Up Ceph

3.1. Hardware Requirements

  • CPU: ARM or x86
  • RAM: Minimum 4GB
  • Storage: External or internal hard drives/SSDs (USB flash drives are not recommended)
  • Network Switch: At least 1 Gigabit for lab, higher for production

3.2. Software Requirements

  • OS: Ubuntu 22.04 (Use 20.04 for Raspberry Pi with Reef 18.2.2)
  • Additional Tools: SSH, Docker, LVM2

4. Preparing Your Hosts

4.1. Install Ubuntu

  1. Install Ubuntu 22.04 on all hosts.

  2. Install SSH server:

    sudo apt install openssh-server

  3. Set static IP address in netplan configuration:

    cd /etc/netplan
sudo nano your-config.yaml

  4. Update and upgrade system:

    sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade -y

  5. Set a password for the root user:

    sudo passwd root

  6. Enable SSH login for the root user:

    sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# Un-comment and set "PermitRootLogin yes"
sudo systemctl restart ssh

4.2. Prepare Storage

  1. Identify storage devices:

    lsblk

  2. Wipe storage devices:

    sudo sgdisk --zap-all /dev/sdX
sudo wipefs --all /dev/sdX

4.3. Install Required Software

  1. Install Docker:

    curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
sudo sh get-docker.sh

## refer to this link: https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/

  2. Install LVM2:

    sudo apt install lvm2

  3. Verify time synchronization:

    timedatectl status

5. Deploying Ceph

5.1. Install CephADM

  1. Set environment variable:

    export CEPH_RELEASE=18.2.2

  2. Download and install CephADM:

    curl -o cephadm https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ceph/ceph/${CEPH_RELEASE}/src/cephadm/cephadm
chmod +x cephadm
sudo ./cephadm add-repo --release ${CEPH_RELEASE}
sudo ./cephadm install

  3. Bootstrap Ceph:

    sudo cephadm bootstrap --mon-ip <Manager-IP>

5.2. Add Hosts

  1. Copy SSH keys to hosts:

    ssh-copy-id root@<host-ip>

  2. Add hosts to the Ceph cluster:

    sudo ceph orch host add <host-name> <host-ip>

5.3. Add Storage (OSDs)

  1. List available devices:

    ceph orch device ls

  2. Add all available devices as OSDs:

    ceph orch apply osd --all-available-devices

6. Create and Mount Ceph File System

  1. Create Ceph file system:

    ceph fs volume create cephfs

  2. Mount CephFS on Linux:

    mkdir -p /mnt/ceph
mount -t ceph <mon-ip>:6789:/ /mnt/ceph

  3. Install and configure Samba for Windows access:

    sudo apt install samba

Conclusion

[41:00 - End] Enjoy your new Ceph-powered FrankeNASS!