- Section 1: Introduction
- 1.1 Definition of braille
- 1.2 Principles of Unified English Braille
- 1.3 Basic signs found in other forms of English braille
- Contractions
- Punctuation
- Composition signs (indicators)
- General symbols
- Technical subjects
- Section 2: Terminology and General Rules
- 2.1 Terminology
- 2.2 Contractions summary
- 2.3 Following print
- 2.4 Indicators and modes
- 2.5 Grades of braille
- Uncontracted (grade 1) braille
- Contracted (grade 2) braille
- Other grades of braille
- 2.6 Standing alone
- Section 3: General Symbols and Indicators
- 3.1 Ampersand
- 3.2 Arrows
- 3.3 Asterisk, dagger and double dagger
- 3.4 Braille grouping indicators
- 3.5 Bullet
- 3.6 Caret
- 3.7 Commercial at sign
- 3.8 Copyright, registered and trademark signs
- 3.9 Crosses
- 3.10 Currency signs
- 3.11 Degrees, minutes and seconds
- 3.12 Ditto mark
- 3.13 Dot locator for "mention"
- 3.14 Dot locator for "use"
- 3.15 Feet and inches
- 3.16 Female (Venus) and male (Mars) signs
- 3.17 Mathematical signs: plus, equals, multiplication, division, minus, ratio, proportion, less-than and greater-than
- 3.18 Music accidentals: natural, flat, sharp
- 3.19 Number sign (crosshatch, hash, pound sign)
- 3.20 Paragraph and section signs
- 3.21 Percent sign
- 3.22 Shapes
- 3.23 Space
- 3.24 Subscript and superscript indicators
- 3.25 Tilde (swung dash)
- 3.26 Transcriber-defined symbols
- 3.27 Transcriber's note indicators
- Section 4: Letters and Their Modifiers
- 4.1 English alphabet
- 4.2 Modifiers
- 4.3 Ligatured letters
- 4.4 Eng and schwa
- 4.5 Greek letters
- Section 5: Grade 1 Mode
- 5.1 Mode indicators
- 5.2 Grade 1 symbol indicator
- 5.3 Grade 1 word indicator
- 5.4 Grade 1 passage indicator
- 5.5 Grade 1 terminator
- 5.6 Numeric indicator
- 5.7 Grade 1 mode avoids confusion with contractions
- 5.8 Grade 1 indicators and capitalisation
- 5.9 Choice of indicators
- 5.10 Optional use of the grade 1 indicator
- 5.11 Use of grade 1 indicators in grade 1 text
- Section 6: Numeric Mode
- 6.1 Numeric indicators
- 6.2 Numeric mode symbols
- 6.3 Termination of numeric mode
- 6.4 Placement of numeric prefix with full stop (period)
- 6.5 Numeric indicators set grade 1 mode
- 6.6 The numeric space
- 6.7 Treatment of dates, time, coinage, etc
- 6.8 Spaced numeric indicator
- 6.9 Numeric passage indicator and numeric terminator
- 6.10 Division of a number between lines
- Section 7: Punctuation
- 7.1 General
- 7.2 Dash, low line (underscore), long dash and hyphen
- Hyphen(s) used as dash
- 7.3 Ellipsis
- 7.4 Solidus (forward slash)
- 7.5 Question mark 8
- 7.6 Quotation marks
- 7.7 Multi-line brackets
- Section 8: Capitalisation
- 8.1 Use of capitals
- 8.2 Extent of capitals mode
- 8.3 Defining a capital letter
- 8.4 Capitalised word indicator
- 8.5 Capitalised passage indicator
- 8.6 Capitals terminator
- 8.7 Placement of indicators
- 8.8 Choice of capitalised indicators
- 8.9 Accented letters in fully capitalised words
- Section 9: Typeforms
- 9.1 Deciding when to use typeform indicators
- 9.2 Typeform symbol indicators
- 9.3 Typeform word indicators
- 9.4 Typeform passage indicators and terminators
- 9.5 Transcriber-defined typeform indicators
- 9.6 Small capitals
- 9.7 Placement of typeform symbols with punctuation
- 9.8 Multiple typeform indicators for the same text
- 9.9 Typeform passages extending across consecutive same text elements
- Section 10: Contractions
- 10.1 Alphabetic wordsigns
- 10.2 Strong wordsigns
- 10.3 Strong contractions
- 10.4 Strong groupsigns
- ch, sh, th, wh, ou, st
- ing
- 10.5 Lower wordsigns
- be, were, his, was
- enough
- in
- Lower sign rule
- 10.6 Lower groupsigns
- be, con, dis
- ea, bb, cc, ff, gg
- ea
- en, in
- Lower sign rule
- 10.7 Initial-letter contractions
- Dots 45
- Dots 456
- Dot 5
- upon, these, those, whose, there
- had
- ever
- here, name
- one
- some
- time
- under
- 10.8 Final-letter groupsigns
- Dots 46
- Dots 56
- ity
- ness
- 10.9 Shortforms
- Shortforms as words
- Shortforms as parts of longer words
- Words not appearing on the Shortforms List
- Avoiding confusion with shortforms
- 10.10 Preference
- Lower sign rule
- 10.11 Bridging
- Compound words
- Aspirated "h"
- Prefixes
- Suffixes
- Diphthongs
- 10.12 Miscellaneous
- Abbreviations and acronyms
- Computer material
- Dialect
- Fragments of words
- Guidelines when pronunciation or syllabification is unknown
- Lisping
- Medial punctuation and indicators
- Omitted letters
- Speech hesitation, slurred words, vocal sounds
- Spelling
- Stammering
- Syllabified words
- 10.13 Word division
- Hyphenated words
- Alphabetic wordsigns and strong wordsigns
- ing
- Lower sign rule
- Dash
- be, con, dis
- ea, bb, cc, ff, gg
- Final-letter groupsigns
- Shortforms
- Section 11: Technical Material
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Signs of operation and comparison
- Some common operation signs
- Some common comparison signs
- Spacing of operation and comparison signs in non-technical material
- Spacing of operation and comparison signs in technical material
- 11.3 Fractions
- Simple numeric fractions
- Mixed numbers
- Fractions written in linear form in print
- General fraction indicators
- 11.4 Superscripts and subscripts
- Definition of an item
- Superscripts and subscripts within literary text
- Algebraic expressions involving superscripts
- 11.5 Square roots and other radicals
- Square roots
- Cube roots etc
- 11.6 Arrows
- Simple arrows
- Arrows with non-standard shafts
- Arrows with non-standard tips
- Less common arrows
- 11.7 Shape symbols
- Use of the shape termination indicator
- Transcriber-defined shapes
- Physical enclosure indicator
- 11.8 Matrices and vectors
- Placement of multi-line grouping symbols
- 11.9 Chemistry
- Use of capital indicators and terminators
- 11.10 Computer notation
- Definition of computer notation
- Grade of braille in computer notation
- Section 12: Early Forms of English
- Section 13: Foreign Language
- Foreign code signs used in this section (non-UEB symbols)
- 13.1 Determining what is foreign
- 13.2 Using UEB contractions
- 13.3 Guidelines for contracting anglicised words derived from specific languages
- 13.4 Representing accented letters
- 13.5 Using UEB signs
- 13.6 Using foreign code signs
- 13.7 Code switch indicators
- 13.8 Mixed-language literature
- Section 14: Code Switching
- Code switching indicators
- Code switching indicators for IPA Braille
- Code switching indicators for music braille
- Code switching indicators for Nemeth Code
- Non-UEB symbols used in this section
- 14.1 Purpose of code switching
- 14.2 When to use code switching indicators
- 14.3 How to use code switching indicators
- 14.4 IPA Braille within UEB text
- 14.5 Music braille within UEB text
- 14.6 Nemeth Code within UEB text
- Section 15: Scansion, Stress and Tone
- 15.1 Scansion, Line Marking
- 15.2 Stress
- 15.3 Tone
- 15.4 Phonetic scansion, stress and tone
- Section 16: Line Mode, Guide Dots
- 16.1 When to use line mode
- 16.2 Horizontal line mode
- 16.3 Diagonal and vertical lines
- 16.4 Combining lines
- 16.5 Guide dots
- Appendix 1: Shortforms List
- The list
- Added "s" and apostrophe "s"
- Rules for list construction
- Shortforms as words
- Shortforms as parts of longer words
- after, blind and friend
- be and con shortforms
- The list
- Appendix 2: Word List
- Appendix 3: Symbols List