metadaten.json

[
  {"id":":nonediukl2020","abstract":"Mit der Ausbildung zukünftiger Lehrkräfte ist mit Blick auf die Vermittlung digitalisierungsbezogener Kompetenzen eine doppelte Verantwortung verbunden: Als Innovationsträger*innen in der Schule müssen die Lehrkräfte von morgen einerseits mit Kompetenzen für die „digitale Welt“ und einem Wissen um fachwissenschaftliche Positionen zur „digitalen Welt“ ausgestattet werden. Andererseits müssen sie in die Lage versetzt werden, didaktische Konzepte für das digital gestützte Unterrichten und für die Vermittlung digitalisierungsbezogener Kompetenzen für den eigenen Unterricht zu adaptieren und weiterzuentwickeln. Um dieser Verantwortung gerecht zu werden, sind alle Akteur*innen der Lehramtsausbildung gefragt: Digitalisierung ist – vergleichbar dem Thema Inklusion – eine Querschnittsaufgabe, die nur gemeinsam, fächer- und institutionenübergreifend sowie in enger Abstimmung zwischen den verschiedenen Phasen der Lehrerbildung bewältigt werden kann. Der vorliegende Band gibt in 28 Einzelbeiträgen aus der Perspektive eines großen Spektrums von Fächern einen Einblick in aktuelle Diskussionen und Projekte im Bereich der Implementierung der Entwicklungsziele einer „Bildung in der digitalen Welt“ in die Lehramtsausbildung. Neben disziplinär verorteten Darstellungen von Best Practices finden sich Beiträge zu Querschnittsthemen, die von Vertreter*innen verschiedener Fächer gemeinsam und mit interdisziplinärer Perspektive verfasst wurden.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,8]]},"author":[{"literal":":None"}],"citation-key":":nonediukl2020","contributor":[{"family":"DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications Online","given":"University Of Duisburg-Essen"},{"family":"Beißwenger","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Bulizek","given":"Björn"},{"family":"Gryl","given":"Inga"},{"family":"Schacht","given":"Florian"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2020",12]]},"language":"de","license":"Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 4.0 International","publisher":"[object Object]","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Digitale Innovationen und Kompetenzen in der Lehramtsausbildung","type":"book","URL":"https://duepublico2.uni-due.de/receive/duepublico_mods_00073330"},
  {"id":"1edtechapipa2023","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,18]]},"citation-key":"1edtechapipa2023","editor":[{"family":"1EdTech","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"title":"Accessible Portable Item Protocol (APIP)","type":"document","URL":"http://www.imsglobal.org/apip/index.html"},
  {"id":"abdel-qaderesdbolvl2022","abstract":"BMBF funded project, 10/2018 – 03/2022. The project targets the development of a design concept for disseminated learning infrastructures to provide federated access to digital educational resources. Technical, didactic and organisational conditions of realizing an educational architecture will be researched, built upon a network of universities and the interplay of state, public and private stakeholders. The project focuses on the challenges to disseminate openly licensed educational resources (OER) in an “informationally open eco system“, like the university system in Germany. It particularly considers the provision and access in repositories, linked metadata and the handling of resource versions and respective quality aspects. A further goal is the alignment of this interdisciplinary project to state-specific, national, European and international development.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,2]]},"author":[{"family":"Abdel-Qader","given":"Mohammad"},{"family":"Ahmad","given":"Atezaz"},{"family":"Heck","given":"Tamara"},{"family":"Saleh","given":"Ahmed"},{"family":"Scharnberg","given":"Gianna"},{"family":"Schröder","given":"Nadine"},{"family":"Peters","given":"Laura"}],"citation-key":"abdel-qaderesdbolvl2022","contributor":[{"literal":"Open Science Framework"}],"DOI":"10.17605/OSF.IO/RMFK3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022",8,30]]},"license":"CC-By Attribution 4.0 International","publisher":"Open Science Framework","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"EduArc. Schlussbericht. Digitale Bildungsarchitekturen.  Offene Lernressourcen in verteilten Lerninfrastrukturen","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://osf.io/rmfk3/"},
  {"id":"abdel-qaderetdpiw2022","abstract":"BMBF funded project, 10/2018 – 03/2022. The project targets the development of a design concept for disseminated learning infrastructures to provide federated access to digital educational resources. Technical, didactic and organisational conditions of realizing an educational architecture will be researched, built upon a network of universities and the interplay of state, public and private stakeholders. The project focuses on the challenges to disseminate openly licensed educational resources (OER) in an “informationally open eco system“, like the university system in Germany. It particularly considers the provision and access in repositories, linked metadata and the handling of resource versions and respective quality aspects. A further goal is the alignment of this interdisciplinary project to state-specific, national, European and international development.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,2]]},"author":[{"family":"Abdel-Qader","given":"Mohammad"},{"family":"Ahmad","given":"Atezaz"},{"family":"Heck","given":"Tamara"},{"family":"Saleh","given":"Ahmed"},{"family":"Scharnberg","given":"Gianna"},{"family":"Schröder","given":"Nadine"},{"family":"Peters","given":"Laura"}],"citation-key":"abdel-qaderetdpiw2022","contributor":[{"literal":"Open Science Framework"}],"DOI":"10.17605/OSF.IO/RMFK3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022",8,30]]},"license":"CC-By Attribution 4.0 International","publisher":"Open Science Framework","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"EduArc TLA Dashboard Possible Indicators (WP7)","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://osf.io/rmfk3/"},
  {"id":"agimedibik2023","author":[{"family":"AG Imedibi","given":""}],"citation-key":"agimedibik2023","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"title":"Kernschema (v. 1.0.1)","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240207083809/https://comein.nrw/portal/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Imedibi_Kernschema-fuer-die-Beschreibung-von-ComeIn-relevanten-Ressourcen.pdf"},
  {"id":"agimedibikfbcirhzh2023","author":[{"family":"AG Imedibi","given":""}],"citation-key":"agimedibikfbcirhzh2023","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"title":"Kernschema für die Beschreibung von Come In-relevanten Ressourcen: Hinweise zur Handhabung","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231004172307/https://comein.nrw/portal/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Imedibi_Kernschema_Hinweise-zur-Handhabung.pdf"},
  {"id":"agimedibinfauf2023","author":[{"family":"AG Imedibi","given":""}],"citation-key":"agimedibinfauf2023","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"title":"Nutzungskonzepte für Aus- und Fortbildungen","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240306105906/https://comein.nrw/portal/ags/ag-imedibi/"},
  {"id":"agostinhodlomapblsahec2004","abstract":"<span>This paper reports recent work in developing of structures and processes that support university teachers and instructional designers incorporating learning objects into higher education focused learning designs. The aim of the project is to develop a framework to guide the design and implementation of high quality learning experiences. This framework is premised on the proposition that learning objects are resources that can be incorporated within a learning design. The learning design serves as the pedagogical model that drives the development. The first phase of the project required an analysis of metadata schemas by which learning objects could be described, to facilitate discovery, retrieval and inclusion in a learning design. In particular, the pedagogical descriptors within the IEEE Learning Object Metadata (LOM) standard were examined to determine their suitability for use in this project. The findings indicated that enhancement of the educational descriptors was required. To address this, a learning object metadata application profile specific to Australian higher education has been developed. This paper describes the process by which the metadata application profile was developed within the context of the overall project.</span>","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Agostinho","given":"Shirley"},{"family":"Bennett","given":"Sue"},{"family":"Lockyer","given":"Lori"},{"family":"Harper","given":"Barry"}],"citation-key":"agostinhodlomapblsahec2004","container-title":"Australasian Journal of Educational Technology","container-title-short":"AJET","DOI":"10.14742/ajet.1359","ISSN":"1449-5554, 1449-3098","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2004",8,9]]},"language":"en","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Developing a learning object metadata application profile based on LOM suitable for the Australian higher education context","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://ajet.org.au/index.php/AJET/article/view/1359","volume":"20"},
  {"id":"ahmadcdlrlaildp2022","abstract":"Abstract\n            \n              Background\n              During the past decade, the increasingly heterogeneous field of learning analytics has been critiqued for an over‐emphasis on data‐driven approaches at the expense of paying attention to learning designs.\n            \n            \n              Method and objective\n              In response to this critique, we investigated the role of learning design in learning analytics through a systematic literature review. 161 learning analytics (LA) articles were examined to identify indicators that were based on learning design events and their associated metrics. Through this research, we address two objectives. First, to achieve a better alignment between learning design and learning analytics by proposing a reference framework, where we present possible connections between learning analytics and learning design. Second, to present how LA indicators and metrics have been researched and applied in the past.\n            \n            \n              Results and conclusion\n              In our review, we found that a number of learning analytics papers did indeed consider learning design activities for harvesting user data. We also found a consistent increase in the number and quality of indicators and their evolution over the years.\n            \n          , \n            Lay Description\n            \n              What is already known about this topic?\n              \n                \n                  \n                    Learning design (LD) is the pedagogic process used in teaching/learning that leads to the creation and sequencing of learning activities and the environment in which it occurs.\n                  \n                  \n                    Learning analytics (LA) is the measurement, collection, analysis & reporting of data about learners and their contexts, for purposes of understanding and optimizing learning and the environments in which it occurs.\n                  \n                  \n                    There are multiple studies on the alignment of LA and LD but research shows that there is still room for improvement.\n                  \n                \n              \n            \n            \n              What this paper adds?\n              \n                \n                  \n                    To achieve better alignment between LD and LA. We address this aim by proposing a framework, where we connect the LA indicators with the activity outcomes from the LD.\n                  \n                  \n                    To demonstrate how learning events/objectives and learning activities are associated with LA indicators and how an indicator is formed/created by (several) LA metrics. We address this aim in our review.\n                  \n                  \n                    This article also aims to assist the LA research community in the identification of commonly used concepts and terminologies; what to measure, and how to measure.\n                  \n                \n              \n            \n            \n              Implications for practice and/or policy\n              \n                \n                  \n                    This article can help course designers, teachers, students, and educational researchers to get a better understanding on the application of LA.\n                  \n                  \n                    This study can further help LA researchers to connect their research with LD.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,2]]},"author":[{"family":"Ahmad","given":"Atezaz"},{"family":"Schneider","given":"Jan"},{"family":"Griffiths","given":"Dai"},{"family":"Biedermann","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"Schiffner","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"Greller","given":"Wolfgang"},{"family":"Drachsler","given":"Hendrik"}],"citation-key":"ahmadcdlrlaildp2022","container-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning","container-title-short":"Computer Assisted Learning","DOI":"10.1111/jcal.12716","ISSN":"0266-4909, 1365-2729","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022",7,26]]},"language":"en","page":"jcal.12716","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Connecting the dots – A literature review on learning analytics indicators from a learning design perspective","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcal.12716"},
  {"id":"ahmadwicsyerlair2022","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,18]]},"author":[{"family":"Ahmad","given":"Atezaz"},{"family":"Schneider","given":"Jan"},{"family":"Weidlich","given":"Joshua"},{"family":"Di Mitri","given":"Daniele"},{"family":"Yau","given":"Jane"},{"family":"Schiffner","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"Drachsler","given":"Hendrik"}],"citation-key":"ahmadwicsyerlair2022","container-title":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Supported Education","DOI":"10.5220/0010995800003182","event-place":"Online Streaming, --- Select a Country ---","event-title":"14th International Conference on Computer Supported Education","ISBN":"978-989-758-562-3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022"]]},"page":"58-68","publisher":"SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications","publisher-place":"Online Streaming, --- Select a Country ---","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"What Indicators Can I Serve You with? An Evaluation of a Research-Driven Learning Analytics Indicator Repository:","title-short":"What Indicators Can I Serve You with?","type":"paper-conference","URL":"https://www.scitepress.org/DigitalLibrary/Link.aspx?doi=10.5220/0010995800003182"},
  {"id":"al-khalifaemssea2006","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,3]]},"author":[{"family":"Al-Khalifa","given":"Hend S."},{"family":"Davis","given":"Hugh C."}],"citation-key":"al-khalifaemssea2006","container-title":"Proceedings of the seventeenth conference on Hypertext and hypermedia","DOI":"10.1145/1149941.1149956","event-place":"Odense Denmark","event-title":"HT06: 17th Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia","ISBN":"978-1-59593-417-8","issued":{"date-parts":[["2006",8,22]]},"language":"en","page":"69-72","publisher":"ACM","publisher-place":"Odense Denmark","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"The evolution of metadata from standards to semantics in E-learning applications","type":"paper-conference","URL":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1149941.1149956"},
  {"id":"alamesidlkg2022","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,17]]},"author":[{"family":"Alam","given":"Mehwish"},{"family":"Buscaldi","given":"Davide"},{"family":"Cochez","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Osborne","given":"Francesco"},{"family":"Reforgiato Recupero","given":"Diego"},{"family":"Sack","given":"Harald"}],"citation-key":"alamesidlkg2022","container-title":"Semantic Web","container-title-short":"SW","DOI":"10.3233/SW-223099","editor":[{"family":"Hitzler","given":"Pascal"},{"family":"Janowicz","given":"Krzysztof"},{"family":"Alam","given":"Mehwish"},{"family":"Buscaldi","given":"Davide"},{"family":"Cochez","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Osborne","given":"Francesco"},{"family":"Refogiato Recupero","given":"Diego"},{"family":"Sack","given":"Harald"}],"ISSN":"22104968, 15700844","issue":"3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022",4,6]]},"page":"293-297","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Editorial of the Special Issue on Deep Learning and Knowledge Graphs","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.medra.org/servlet/aliasResolver?alias=iospress&doi=10.3233/SW-223099","volume":"13"},
  {"id":"alario-hoyosagcqe1ectele2hgs112p2020","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"citation-key":"alario-hoyosagcqe1ectele2hgs112p2020","collection-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","DOI":"10.1007/978-3-030-57717-9","editor":[{"family":"Alario-Hoyos","given":"Carlos"},{"family":"Rodríguez-Triana","given":"María Jesús"},{"family":"Scheffel","given":"Maren"},{"family":"Arnedillo-Sánchez","given":"Inmaculada"},{"family":"Dennerlein","given":"Sebastian Maximilian"}],"event-place":"Cham","ISBN":"978-3-030-57716-2 978-3-030-57717-9","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]},"language":"en","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","publisher-place":"Cham","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Addressing Global Challenges and Quality Education: 15th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning, EC-TEL 2020, Heidelberg, Germany, September 14–18, 2020, Proceedings","title-short":"Addressing Global Challenges and Quality Education","type":"book","URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-57717-9","volume":"12315"},
  {"id":"alario-hoyosagcqe1ectele2hgs112p2020a","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"citation-key":"alario-hoyosagcqe1ectele2hgs112p2020a","collection-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","DOI":"10.1007/978-3-030-57717-9","editor":[{"family":"Alario-Hoyos","given":"Carlos"},{"family":"Rodríguez-Triana","given":"María Jesús"},{"family":"Scheffel","given":"Maren"},{"family":"Arnedillo-Sánchez","given":"Inmaculada"},{"family":"Dennerlein","given":"Sebastian Maximilian"}],"event-place":"Cham","ISBN":"978-3-030-57716-2 978-3-030-57717-9","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]},"language":"en","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","publisher-place":"Cham","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Addressing Global Challenges and Quality Education: 15th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning, EC-TEL 2020, Heidelberg, Germany, September 14–18, 2020, Proceedings","title-short":"Addressing Global Challenges and Quality Education","type":"book","URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-57717-9","volume":"12315"},
  {"id":"allertcsslaccm2004","abstract":"The aim of this work is to outline a modelling approach for context specific educational metadata, which addresses the valuable diversity in the field of learning. It presents some foundational issues in the field of learning and states that contextualization is crucial in many concepts of learning.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Allert","given":"Heidrun"}],"citation-key":"allertcsslaccm2004","container-title":"Journal of Interactive Media in Education","container-title-short":"JIME","DOI":"10.5334/2004-2-allert","ISSN":"1365-893X","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2004",5,21]]},"language":"en","page":"7","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Coherent Social Systems for Learning: An Approach for Contextualized and Community-Centred Metadata","title-short":"Coherent Social Systems for Learning","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://jime.open.ac.uk/articles/10.5334/2004-2-allert/","volume":"2004"},
  {"id":"alonsoimwbleblpa2005","abstract":"Abstract\n            Web‐based e‐learning education research and development now focuses on the inclusion of new technological features and the exploration of software standards. However, far less effort is going into finding solutions to psychopedagogical problems in this new educational category. This paper proposes a psychopedagogical instructional model based on content structure, the latest research into information processing psychology and social contructivism, and defines a blended approach to the learning process. Technologically speaking, the instructional model is supported by learning objects, a concept inherited from the object‐oriented paradigm.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,9]]},"author":[{"family":"Alonso","given":"Fernando"},{"family":"López","given":"Genoveva"},{"family":"Manrique","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"Viñes","given":"José M."}],"citation-key":"alonsoimwbleblpa2005","container-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology","container-title-short":"Brit J Educational Tech","DOI":"10.1111/j.1467-8535.2005.00454.x","ISSN":"0007-1013, 1467-8535","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2005",3]]},"language":"en","page":"217-235","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"An instructional model for web‐based e‐learning education with a blended learning process approach","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://bera-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2005.00454.x","volume":"36"},
  {"id":"amospfpsetleda2020","abstract":"The New Learning Context (NCA for its initials in Spanish, Nuevo Contexto de Aprendizaje) is the new pedagogical framework that is being designed and implemented at the La Salle Institutions since 2017. The main objective is to deploy the pedagogical design across all educational centers and stages. In the context of NCA, digital technology is another pillar in the educational structure, that is integrated into classrooms as both support and the means to develop learning competences. This integration of digital educational technology in schools and universities transforms learning contexts, but it also creates risks for all educational roles in terms of privacy and data security that must be addressed. In the last 9 years, technology adoption has been accompanied by a data-driven model of analysis and decision-making, as well as a migration to cloud computing. Cloud computing adds to this technological transformation the ubiquity of data, personal data, and metadata. This implies in many cases that third parties collect and process educational data from all the actors involved in the teaching-learning process on remote servers and data centers, outside the control of educational institutions. So this latest technology adoption unfortunately also facilitates leaks, misuse, and improper access to all data collected. In this paper, we propose seven principles as a fundamental framework for NCA, that we have called Local Educational Data Analytics (LEDA). Our aim is to solve or minimize the negative impact of the use of this educational technology, which is based on cloud computing and uses integrated data analysis processes.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Amo","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"Torres","given":"Ricardo"},{"family":"Canaleta","given":"Xavier"},{"family":"Herrero-Martín","given":"Javier"},{"family":"Rodríguez-Merino","given":"Cristina"},{"family":"Fonseca","given":"David"}],"citation-key":"amospfpsetleda2020","container-title":"Eighth International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality","DOI":"10.1145/3434780.3436637","event-place":"Salamanca Spain","event-title":"TEEM'20: Eighth International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality","ISBN":"978-1-4503-8850-4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020",10,21]]},"language":"en","page":"730-737","publisher":"ACM","publisher-place":"Salamanca Spain","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Seven principles to foster privacy and security in educational tools: Local Educational Data Analytics","title-short":"Seven principles to foster privacy and security in educational tools","type":"paper-conference","URL":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3434780.3436637"},
  {"id":"andersonssoafiufst2019","abstract":"INTRODUCTION Open educational resources (OER) are gaining traction in higher education and becoming accepted by academics as a viable means for delivering course content. However, these resources can be difficult to find and use, both due to low visibility and confusion about licensing. This article describes one university’s work with faculty members to identify barriers in their search process when they are looking to adopt OER. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM A scholarly communication librarian and science librarian partnered to collect faculty and instructor reactions to a particular OER search tool, with the intention of better understanding the difficulties encountered during the search process. Eight interviews were conducted as participants were asked about their preferences when it comes to locating OER, understanding licensing information, and adopting materials for class. NEXT STEPS From these interviews, the librarians identified practical recommendations for instruction/liaison librarians and technical services/systems librarians as they continue working to support faculty and instructors through the OER discovery and selection process. These recommendations relate to four themes uncovered in interviews with faculty and instructors: the need for increased transparency in search tools, the importance of intuitive narrowing and broadening features in search tools, the need for detailed and consistent metadata in OER records, and the need for clarity in intellectual property statements. The librarians note that these recommendations might best be pursued through wide-scale collaboration across library units and, more generally, between libraries, consortia, and institutions.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Anderson","given":"Talea"},{"family":"Leachman","given":"Chelsea"}],"citation-key":"andersonssoafiufst2019","container-title":"Journal of Librarianship and Scholarly Communication","DOI":"10.7710/2162-3309.2279","ISSN":"2162-3309","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2019",2,22]]},"language":"en","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Strategies for Supporting OER Adoption through Faculty and Instructor Use of a Federated Search Tool","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.iastatedigitalpress.com/jlsc/article/id/12835/","volume":"7"},
  {"id":"andersontltarbteo2001","call-number":"LB17 .T29 2001","citation-key":"andersontltarbteo2001","editor":[{"family":"Anderson","given":"Lorin W."},{"family":"Krathwohl","given":"David R."}],"event-place":"New York","ISBN":"978-0-321-08405-7 978-0-8013-1903-7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2001"]]},"number-of-pages":"352","publisher":"Longman","publisher-place":"New York","source":"Library of Congress ISBN","title":"A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: a revision of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives","title-short":"A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing","type":"book"},
  {"id":"anidoemblr2002","abstract":"The learning technology standardization process is one of the key research activities in computer-based education. Institutions like the IEEE, the US Department of Defense and the European Commission have set up committees to deliver recommendations and proposals in this area. The objective is to allow the reuse of learning resources and to offer interoperability among heterogeneous e-learning systems. The first part of this paper is devoted to the presentation of an up-to-date survey on one of the most prolific fields of the learning technology standardization: educational metadata. The second part shows how these data models are applied by actual software systems to facilitate the location of learning resources. Educational brokerage is a promising field that lets learners find those computer-based training resources that best fit their needs. We identify the main actors involved, their roles, and open issues and trends. # 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Anido","given":"Luis E."},{"family":"Fernández","given":"Manuel J."},{"family":"Caeiro","given":"Manuel"},{"family":"Santos","given":"Juan M."},{"family":"Rodrı́guez","given":"Judith S."},{"family":"Llamas","given":"Martı́n"}],"citation-key":"anidoemblr2002","container-title":"Computers & Education","container-title-short":"Computers & Education","DOI":"10.1016/S0360-1315(02)00018-0","ISSN":"03601315","issue":"4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2002",5]]},"language":"en","page":"351-374","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Educational metadata and brokerage for learning resources","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360131502000180","volume":"38"},
  {"id":"arndtdkpfpcql2023","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,23]]},"author":[{"family":"Arndt","given":"Lara"},{"family":"Beißwenger","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Brinda","given":"Torsten"},{"family":"Gryl","given":"Inga"},{"family":"Holodynski","given":"Manfred"},{"family":"Kramer","given":"Matthias"},{"family":"Lipke","given":"Charlyn"},{"family":"Oellers","given":"Manuel"}],"citation-key":"arndtdkpfpcql2023","container-title":"Zeitschrift SEMINAR","DOI":"10.3278/SEM2302W002","ISSN":"1431-2859","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023",9,15]]},"language":"de","page":"9-24","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Digitalisierungsbezogene Kompetenzen phasenübergreifend fördern: Das Projekt ComeIn in der Qualitätsoffensive Lehrerbildung","title-short":"Digitalisierungsbezogene Kompetenzen phasenübergreifend fördern","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.wbv.de/artikel/SEM2302W002","volume":"30"},
  {"id":"arnolddulgusfeduims2020","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Arnold","given":"Peter"}],"citation-key":"arnolddulgusfeduims2020","DOI":"10.30819/5131","ISBN":"978-3-8325-5131-5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020",7,20]]},"language":"de","publisher":"Logos Verlag Berlin","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Digitalisierung und Lehrkräftefortbildung. Gelingensbedingungen und Strukturen von Fortbildungen zum Einsatz digitaler und interaktiver Medien in der Schule","type":"book","URL":"https://www.logos-verlag.de/cgi-bin/engbuchmid?isbn=5131&lng=deu&id="},
  {"id":"arnoldhelulmdm2018","author":[{"family":"Arnold","given":"Patricia"},{"family":"Kilian","given":"Lars"},{"family":"Thillosen","given":"Anne Maria"},{"family":"Zimmer","given":"Gerhard M."}],"citation-key":"arnoldhelulmdm2018","collection-number":"4965","collection-title":"utb Pädagogik","edition":"5. Auflage","event-place":"Bielefeld","ISBN":"978-3-8385-4965-1 978-3-8252-4965-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]},"language":"ger","number-of-pages":"638","publisher":"W. Bertelsmann Verlag","publisher-place":"Bielefeld","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Handbuch E-Learning: Lehren und Lernen mit digitalen Medien","title-short":"Handbuch E-Learning","type":"book"},
  {"id":"arnoldpmieapuefbvf2003","abstract":"Mit dem Einsatz der neuen Medien, insbesondere des Internet, im Bereich des Lehrens und Lernens werden – auch nach dem Abklingen der ersten Euphorie – hohe Erwartungen verbunden. Dabei spielen neue, pädagogisch interessante Nutzungsmöglichkeiten, aber auch wirtschaftliche Interessen eine wesentliche Rolle. Die damit verbundenen Fragen (z.B. nach der Sicherung von Qualität und Gewährleistung von Rentabilität) führen zu einem steigenden Interesse an Metadaten zur Beschreibung von telematischen Lehr-/Lernmaterialien (zum Begriff „telematisch“ vgl. Zimmer, 1997, S. 111). Der folgende Beitrag befasst sich mit Erwartungen und Schwierigkeiten bei der Entwicklung und dem Einsatz pädagogischer Metadaten. Im Anschluss an eine kurze allgemeine Darstellung der Funktion von Metadaten wird unter Rückgriff auf Vorschläge verschiedener Gremien zur Bestimmung pädagogischer Metadaten gezeigt, welche Probleme bei deren Findung, Benennung und Implementierung auftreten: So stellen sich z.B. Fragen nach der interkulturellen Übertragbarkeit, nach den unterschiedlichen Perspektiven von Contentanbietern und Lernenden sowie auch die grundsätzliche Frage nach der Möglichkeit der Standardisierung pädagogischer Kategorien. Anhand des Praxisbeispiels der Virtuellen Fachhochschule für Technik, Informatik und Wirtschaft werden projekttypische Entwicklungsstufen von (pädagogischen) Metadaten dargestellt. Vorschläge zur Lösung der beschriebenen Probleme und ein Ausblick mit Forschungsfragen schließen den Beitrag ab.(DIPF/Orig.)","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Arnold","given":"Patricia"},{"family":"Kilian","given":"Lars"},{"family":"Thillosen","given":"Anne"}],"citation-key":"arnoldpmieapuefbvf2003","container-title":"Digitaler Campus: Vom Medienprojekt zur nachhaltigen Mediennutzung auf dem Digitalen Campus","event-place":"Münster","ISBN":"9783830912880","issued":{"date-parts":[["2003"]]},"language":"de","license":"Deutsches Urheberrecht","page":"379-390","publisher":"Waxmann : Münster ; New York ; München ; Berlin","publisher-place":"Münster","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Pädagogische Metadaten im E-Learning. Allgemeine Problemfelder und exemplarische Fragestellungenam Beispiel der Virtuellen Fachhochschule","type":"chapter","URL":"https://doi.org/10.25656/01:12269"},
  {"id":"arroyoswlsw","abstract":"The current web suffers information overloading: it is increasingly difficult and time consuming to obtain information desired. Ontologies, the key concept behind the Semantic Web, will provide the means to overcome such problem by providing meaning to the available data. An ontology provides a shared and common understanding of a domain and information machine-processable semantics. To make the Semantic Web a reality and lift current Web to its full potential, powerful and expressive languages are required. Such web ontology languages must be able to describe and organize knowledge in the Web in a machine understandable way. However, organizing knowledge requires the facilities of a logical formalism which can deal with temporal, spatial, epistemic, and inferential aspects of knowledge. Implementations of Web ontology languages must provide these inference services, making them much more than just simple data storage and retrieval systems. This paper presents a state of the art for the most relevant Semantic Web Languages: XML, RDF(s), OIL, DAML+OIL, and OWL, together with a detailed comparison based on modeling primitives and language to language characteristics.","author":[{"family":"Arroyo","given":"Sinuhé"},{"family":"Lara","given":"Rubén"},{"family":"Ding","given":"Ying"},{"family":"Stollberg","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Fensel","given":"Dieter"}],"citation-key":"arroyoswlsw","language":"en","source":"Zotero","title":"SEMANTIC WEB LANGUAGES – STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESS","type":"article-journal"},
  {"id":"astleitnerdzidsa2009","author":[{"family":"Astleitner","given":"Hermann"}],"citation-key":"astleitnerdzidsa2009","issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]},"language":"Deutsch","title":"Eine Didaktik-Theorie zur Inneren Differenzierung in Schulbüchern: Das Aufgaben-Rad-Modell","type":"Other"},
  {"id":"atenasqaoeor2013","author":[{"family":"Atenas","given":"Javiera"},{"family":"Havemann","given":"Leo"}],"citation-key":"atenasqaoeor2013","container-title":"INNOQUAL: International Journal for Innovation and Quality in Learning","issued":{"date-parts":[["2013",11]]},"page":"22-34","title":"Quality assurance in the open: an evaluation of OER repositories","type":"article-journal","volume":"2"},
  {"id":"azeroualdukavford2021","abstract":"The importance of data for society and the economy cannot be overestimated and is increasing in the course of digitization. The re-use of existing data offers considerable advantages on a scientific, political, social, cultural and especially economic level. The opening of data collections (open data) is attracting increased interest in both the public and private sectors. This can be traced back to efforts to increase transparency in the public sector and to enthusiasm for big data and data analysis. In recent years, more and more ministries and governments have therefore started to publish their data. These so-called open government or open research movements have led to the introduction of numerous portals that provide an infrastructure for access to research data. The development of this infrastructure is changing the way in which researchers search for data describing their research subject or for analyzable research data. Implicitly, the main aim is to achieve more data exchange and transparency in order to promote the opening of further data silos for broad user groups. Quality issues played too little role in the initial phase. This article aims to draw attention to how data quality criteria can optimize infrastructures for both the source data and the metadata.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Azeroual","given":"Otmane"}],"citation-key":"azeroualdukavford2021","container-title":"Information - Wissenschaft & Praxis","DOI":"10.1515/iwp-2021-2158","ISSN":"1619-4292, 1434-4653","issue":"4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021",7,26]]},"language":"de","page":"204-211","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Datenqualität und -kuratierung als Voraussetzung für Open Research Data","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/iwp-2021-2158/html","volume":"72"},
  {"id":"bacaim2016","call-number":"QA76.9.D3 I599 2016","citation-key":"bacaim2016","edition":"Third edition","editor":[{"family":"Baca","given":"Murtha"}],"event-place":"Los Angeles","ISBN":"978-1-60606-479-5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]},"number-of-pages":"83","publisher":"Getty Research Institute","publisher-place":"Los Angeles","source":"Library of Congress ISBN","title":"Introduction to metadata","type":"book"},
  {"id":"bacaimpdi1998","citation-key":"bacaimpdi1998","editor":[{"family":"Baca","given":"Murtha"}],"event-place":"Los Angeles, Calif.","ISBN":"978-0-89236-533-3","issued":{"date-parts":[["1998"]]},"language":"eng","number-of-pages":"41","publisher":"Getty Information Institute","publisher-place":"Los Angeles, Calif.","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Introduction to metadata: pathways to digital information","title-short":"Introduction to metadata","type":"book"},
  {"id":"bacharachwzaezvkealdidue2022","abstract":"Ziel dieses Dokuments ist die Einordnung des edu-ID-Konzepts gegenüber anderen Initiativen, Projekten und den jeweiligen Konzepten digitaler Identitäten. Hierbei geht es nicht alleine um die Abgrenzung gegenüber solchen Konzepten, sondern auch um die Identifizierung von Anknüpfungspunkten und möglichen Synergien. Ausgehend von dieser Positionierung werden in einem weiteren Schritt Empfehlungen zu Funktionsumfang, Reichweite und Zielgruppen eines zukünftigen auf dem edu-ID Konzept basierenden Dienstes erarbeitet. Weiterhin werden Überlegungen zum weiteren Vorgehen bei der Entwicklung des Dienstes angestellt.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,28]]},"author":[{"family":"Bacharach","given":"Guido"},{"family":"Gietz","given":"Peter"},{"family":"Gragert","given":"Gerrit"},{"family":"Gündogan","given":"Aylin"},{"family":"Hardt","given":"Marcus"},{"family":"Michels","given":"Thorsten"},{"family":"Oberknapp","given":"Bernd"},{"family":"Pempe","given":"Wolfgang"},{"family":"Pfeiffer","given":"Ramon"},{"family":"Smidt","given":"Michel"},{"family":"Soldo","given":"Erwin"}],"citation-key":"bacharachwzaezvkealdidue2022","DOI":"10.5281/ZENODO.7425176","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022",12,11]]},"language":"de","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access","publisher":"Zenodo","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Whitepaper der ZKI AG edu-ID zur Verortung des Konzepts einer edu-ID in der aktuellen Landschaft digitaler Identitäten in Deutschland und Europa","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://zenodo.org/record/7425176","version":"1.0"},
  {"id":"bachmannc2vhk2002","abstract":"\"Virtueller Campus\" oder \"Virtuelle Hochschule\" heißen die unterschiedlichsten Förderinitiativen zur Einführung der Neuen Medien und Technologien in die Hochschullehre. Viele dieser Programme haben die erste Förderperiode abgeschlossen. Die einzelnen Projekte lassen den Entwicklungsstatus hinter sich und stehen vor der Implementierung in den regulären Lehrbetrieb. Der \"Virtuelle Campus\" tritt damit vielerorts von der Pionier- in die Konsolidierungsphase ein. Wie kann dieser Prozess erfolgreich begleitet werden? Unter dieser zentralen Fragestellung werden auf der Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medien in der Wissenschaft e.V. vom 17.-19. September 2002 in Basel relevante Implementierungsaspekte thematisiert und Erfolg versprechende Ansätze präsentiert. Aus Sicht der unterschiedlichen Disziplinen, Institutionen und Nationen wird diskutiert, wie ein Austausch und die Übertragbarkeit der Konzepte möglich ist. Im Vordergrund stehen dabei didaktisch und organisatorisch innovative Ansätze und Lösungen, weniger die technischen Umsetzungen. Die GMW-Tagung 2002 in Basel beleuchtet die Thematik aus drei unterschiedlichen Perspektiven: HOCHSCHULSTRATEGIE UND IMPLEMENTIERUNG (Welche Unterstützung und welche Strukturen müssen die Hochschulen bieten, um eine nachhaltige Implementierung der entstehenden E-Learning-Angebote zu ermöglichen?) STANDARDISIERUNG UND METADATEN (Wie können E-Learning-Angebote mehrfach und von verschiedenen Hochschulen genutzt werden?) ONLINE-BETREUUNG UND VIRTUELLE KOMMUNIKATION (Welche Bedeutung haben Betreuung und Diskurs für die Qualität von Online-Bildungsangeboten?). - Inhalt: HOCHSCHULSTRATEGIE UND IMPLEMENTIERUNG. Leitvortrag (Teare, Richard: Fast-forward to accredited corporate learning?). - Modernisierung der Lehre. Organisation, Integration und Widerstände (Bremer, Claudia/Hildbrand, Thomas/Binet, Oliver: Einleitung und Überblick. - Hamann, Karin/Müller, Katrin: Vernetzung von Neue Medien-Projekten am Beispiel Baden-Württemberg. - Kandzia, Paul-Thomas: E-Learning an Hochschulen - Von Innovation und Frustation. - Töpfer, Anne/Burr, Barbara/Göhner, Peter: 100-online. Ein erster Schritt in einem umfassenden Konzept multimedialer Wissensvermittlung an der Universität Stuttgart. - Siegl, Elke: Die virtuelle Fachhochschule - vom Leitprojekt zum realen Studienbetrieb im Hochschulverbund). - Kompetenzzentren (Jung, Helmut W./Fischer, Stefan: Integrierte E-Learning-Services. Qualitätsstra","citation-key":"bachmannc2vhk2002","collection-number":"Band 18","collection-title":"Medien in der Wissenschaft","editor":[{"family":"Bachmann","given":"Gudrun"},{"family":"Haefeli","given":"Odette"},{"family":"Kindt","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Gesellschaft für Medien in der Wissenschaft","given":""}],"event-place":"Münster New York München Berlin","ISBN":"978-3-8309-1191-3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2002"]]},"language":"ger eng","number-of-pages":"512","publisher":"Waxmann","publisher-place":"Münster New York München Berlin","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Campus 2002: die virtuelle Hochschule in der Konsolidierungsphase","title-short":"Campus 2002","type":"book"},
  {"id":"baileyttict1994","abstract":"This book focuses on the classification technique of cluster analysis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)","author":[{"family":"Bailey","given":"Kenneth D."}],"citation-key":"baileyttict1994","collection-title":"Typologies and taxonomies:  An introduction to classification techniques.","event-place":"Thousand Oaks,  CA,  US","ISBN":"0-8039-5259-7 (Paperback)","issued":{"date-parts":[["1994"]]},"number-of-pages":"vi, 90","page":"vi, 90","publisher":"Sage Publications, Inc","publisher-place":"Thousand Oaks,  CA,  US","title":"Typologies and taxonomies:  An introduction to classification techniques.","type":"book","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220622024401/https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Costas-Drossos/post/What-is-the-difference-between-a-typology-and-a-taxonomy/attachment/59d63753c49f478072ea4bf1/AS%3A273684877512704%401442262968252/download/%5BKenneth_D._Bailey%5D_Typologies_and_Taxonomies_An_Introduction_to_Classification_Techniques.pdf","volume":"102"},
  {"id":"barkermlmoescd2010","abstract":"This paper provides an overview of specifications and standards for metadata relating to learning materials. It is structured to present first the currently established metadata schemas in use today (specifically the IEEE LOM and Dublin Core metadata), then to examine current developments and activities before looking at what might be the future challenges. The examination of current developments and activities highlights the increasingly recognized importance of metadata schema that describe what have in the past been thought of as secondary aspects of learning materials (for example who uses them and what for), and the importance of alternative approaches to structured metadata for resource description.","author":[{"family":"Barker","given":"Phil"},{"family":"Campbell","given":"Lorna M."}],"citation-key":"barkermlmoescd2010","collection-title":"Technology, Instruction, Cognition and Learning","issue":"7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]},"language":"en","page":"225-243","source":"Zotero","title":"Metadata for learning materials: an overview of existing standards and current developments","type":"article-journal"},
  {"id":"barkertsoerd2016","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,2]]},"author":[{"family":"Barker","given":"Phil"},{"family":"Campbell","given":"Lorna M."}],"citation-key":"barkertsoerd2016","container-title":"Open Education: International Perspectives in Higher Education","DOI":"10.11647/OBP.0103.03","editor":[{"family":"Blessinger","given":"Patrick"},{"family":"Bliss","given":"Tj"}],"event-place":"Cambridge","ISBN":"978-1-78374-278-3 978-1-78374-279-0 978-1-78374-280-6 978-1-78374-281-3 978-1-78374-282-0","issued":{"date-parts":[["2016",12]]},"page":"51-72","publisher":"Open Book Publishers","publisher-place":"Cambridge","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"3. Technology Strategies for Open Educational Resource Dissemination","type":"chapter","URL":"http://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/531"},
  {"id":"bateselis2009","author":[{"family":"Bates","given":"Marcia J."},{"family":"Maack","given":"Mary Niles"}],"citation-key":"bateselis2009","edition":"Third edition","event-place":"New York?","ISBN":"978-0-203-75763-5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]},"language":"eng","note":"OCLC: 1082244237","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisher-place":"New York?","source":"Open WorldCat","title":"Encyclopedia of library and information sciences","type":"book"},
  {"id":"baumgartnerdurlor2004","author":[{"family":"Baumgartner","given":"Peter"}],"citation-key":"baumgartnerdurlor2004","collection-number":"Bd. 29","collection-title":"Medien in der Wissenschaft","container-title":"Campus 2004: kommen die digitalen Medien an den Hochschulen in die Jahre?","editor":[{"family":"Carstensen","given":"Doris"},{"family":"Gesellschaft für Medien in der Wissenschaft","given":""}],"event-place":"Münster München Berlin","ISBN":"978-3-8309-1417-4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2004"]]},"language":"ger eng","page":"309-325","publisher":"Waxmann","publisher-place":"Münster München Berlin","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Didaktik und Reusable Learning Objects (RLOs)","type":"chapter"},
  {"id":"baumgartnerepalmff2002","author":[{"family":"Baumgartner","given":"Peter"},{"family":"Häfele","given":"Hartmut"},{"family":"Maier-Häfele","given":"Kornelia"}],"citation-key":"baumgartnerepalmff2002","event-place":"Innsbruck Wien München Bozen","ISBN":"978-3-7065-1771-3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2002"]]},"language":"ger","number-of-pages":"384","publisher":"StudienVerl","publisher-place":"Innsbruck Wien München Bozen","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"E-Learning Praxishandbuch: Auswahl von Lernplattformen ; Marktübersicht - Funktionen - Fachbegriffe","title-short":"E-Learning Praxishandbuch","type":"book"},
  {"id":"baumgartneresadp2002","author":[{"family":"Baumgartner","given":"P."},{"family":"Häfele","given":"H."},{"family":"Maier-Häfele","given":"K."}],"citation-key":"baumgartneresadp2002","collection-number":"Band 18","collection-title":"Medien in der Wissenschaft","container-title":"Campus 2002: die virtuelle Hochschule in der Konsolidierungsphase","event-place":"Münster New York München Berlin","ISBN":"978-3-8309-1191-3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2002"]]},"language":"ger eng","publisher":"Waxmann","publisher-place":"Münster New York München Berlin","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"E-Learning Standards aus didaktischer Perspektive","type":"chapter"},
  {"id":"baumgartnerevdt2006","abstract":"Dieser Beitrag greift das Problem der Wiederverwendung von E-Learning-Angeboten auf. Es wird die Idee von inhaltlichen neutralen didaktischen Bausteinen, sog. Didaktischen Szenarien entwickelt. Anschließend werden Überlegungen für die Ausarbeitung einer Taxonomie Didaktischer Szenarien angestellt. (DIPF/Orig.)","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,16]]},"author":[{"family":"Baumgartner","given":"Peter"}],"citation-key":"baumgartnerevdt2006","collection-title":"Medien in der Wissenschaft","container-title":"E-Learning - alltagstaugliche Innovation?","DOI":"10.25656/01:11191","editor":[{"family":"Seiler Schiedt","given":"Eva"},{"family":"Kälin","given":"Siglinde"},{"family":"Sengstag","given":"Christian"}],"ISBN":"9783830917205","issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]},"language":"de","license":"Deutsches Urheberrecht","page":"238-247","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"E-Learning-Szenarien. Vorarbeiten zu einer didaktischen Taxonomie","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://doi.org/10.25656/01:11191","volume":"38"},
  {"id":"baumgartnerms2005","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240316164433/https://vu.fernuni-hagen.de/lvuweb/lvu/file/FeU/KSW/2021WS/25107/oeffentlich/25107-5-05-S1%20Vorschau.pdf","author":[{"family":"Baumgartner","given":"Peter"}],"citation-key":"baumgartnerms2005","issued":{"date-parts":[["2005"]]},"title":"Mediendidaktische Szenarien","type":"document"},
  {"id":"baumgartnerpeterdelawzsgbb2010","abstract":"Der vorliegende Beitrag entwickelt einen Gliederungsvorschlag zum systematischen Vergleich didaktischer Erfahrungen. Ausgehend von der These, dass es derzeit in den Bildungswissenschaften immer noch an einer konsistenten und allgemein akzeptierten didaktischen Taxonomie von Unterrichtsmethoden mangelt, wird ein Katalog von forschungsleitenden Fragestellungen für diese Aufgabe formuliert. Im zweiten Teil des Beitrags wird die Frage der \"Granularität“ herausgegriffen und argumentiert, dass aus didaktischen Erfahrungen nur dann systematisch gelernt werden kann, wenn didaktische Settings auf der gleichen Abstraktionsebene miteinander verglichen werden. Aufbauend auf einer Rezeption der Arbeiten von KarlHeinz Flechsig wird vorgeschlagen, sein recht grobes didaktisches Gestaltungsraster mit zwei zusätzlichen didaktischen Kategorien zu ergänzen: didaktisches Szenario und didaktisches Interaktionsmuster. Es wird argumentiert, dass der neu entstandene Schnittpunkt dieser beiden Rekonstruktionsebenen besonders gut für vergleichendes Erfahrungslernen didaktischer Arrangements – sowohl von Face-to-Face- als auch von E-Learning-Settings – geeignet ist. (DIPF/Orig.)","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,16]]},"author":[{"literal":"Baumgartner, Peter"}],"citation-key":"baumgartnerpeterdelawzsgbb2010","collection-title":"Medien in der Wissenschaft","container-title":"Digitale Medien für Lehre und Forschung","DOI":"10.25656/01:17329","editor":[{"family":"Mandel","given":"Schewa"},{"family":"Rutishauser","given":"Manuel"},{"family":"Seiler Schiedt","given":"Eva"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]},"language":"de","license":"Deutsches Urheberrecht","page":"188-198","publisher":"[object Object]","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Von didaktischen Erfahrungen lernen – aber wie? Zur Systematik von Gestaltungsebenen bei Blended-Learning-Szenarien","title-short":"Von didaktischen Erfahrungen lernen – aber wie?","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://doi.org/10.25656/01:17329","volume":"55"},
  {"id":"baumgartnertupfdv2011","abstract":"Nach wie vor gibt es für die didaktische Gestaltung von Unterrichtssituationen wenig zufrieden stellende Hilfsmittel, die sowohl unerfahrene Pädagoginnen und Pädagogen unterstützen, gleichzeitig aber auch Kreativität und didaktische Vielfalt von Expertinnen und Experten fördern. Das vorliegende Buch präsentiert für dieses Dilemma einen neuen Lösungsansatz. Peter Baumgartner entwickelt eine didaktische Taxonomie, die acht Handlungsschichten mit sechs Beschreibungsebenen verknüpft. Ausgehend von einem Kategorialmodell, das nicht Lehrende, sondern Lernende in den Mittelpunkt stellt, werden didaktische Dimensionen und Prinzipien konstruiert, die für Unterrichtsmethoden eine handlungsanleitende Funktion übernehmen können. Am Beispiel der 20 Unterrichtsmodelle von Karl-Heinz Flechsig werden die Ergebnisse exemplarisch angewendet. Im Rahmen dieser diskursiven Exploration werden über 130 Unterrichtsmethoden identifiziert und damit der innovative und heuristische Charakter der didaktischen Taxonomie demonstriert. Ein Glossar sowie ein umfangreiches Sach- und Personenregister erleichtern den Zugriff und machen diesen Band zu einem vielseitig nutzbaren Werkzeug. (DIPF/Orig.).","author":[{"family":"Baumgartner","given":"Peter"}],"citation-key":"baumgartnertupfdv2011","event-place":"Münster u.a.","ISBN":"978-3-8309-2546-0","issued":{"date-parts":[["2011"]]},"number-of-pages":"376","publisher":"Waxmann","publisher-place":"Münster u.a.","source":"Fachportal Pädagogik","title":"Taxonomie von Unterrichtsmethoden. Ein Plädoyer für didaktische Vielfalt.","type":"gedruckt"},
  {"id":"baumgartnertupfdv2014","author":[{"family":"Baumgartner","given":"Peter"}],"citation-key":"baumgartnertupfdv2014","edition":"2., aktualisierte und korrigierte Auflage","event-place":"Münster New York München Berlin","ISBN":"978-3-8309-3186-7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]},"language":"ger","number-of-pages":"376","publisher":"Waxmann","publisher-place":"Münster New York München Berlin","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Taxonomie von Unterrichtsmethoden: ein Plädoyer für didaktische Vielfalt","title-short":"Taxonomie von Unterrichtsmethoden","type":"book"},
  {"id":"baumgartneruahvdtfe2006","author":[{"family":"Baumgartner","given":"Peter"}],"citation-key":"baumgartneruahvdtfe2006","container-title":"4. e-Learning Fachtagung Informatik - Proceedings","editor":[{"family":"Mühlhäuser","given":"M."},{"family":"Rößling","given":"G."},{"family":"Steinmetz","given":"R."}],"event-place":"Darmstadt","event-title":"DeLFI 2006","issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]},"page":"51-62","publisher-place":"Darmstadt","title":"Unterrichtsmethoden als Handlungsmuster - Vorarbeiten zu einer didaktischen Taxonomie für E-Learning.","type":"paper-conference","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221208171606/https://peter.baumgartner.name/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Baumgartner_2006_Unterrichtsmethoden-als-Handlungsmuster.pdf"},
  {"id":"baumgartnerwlads2005","author":[{"family":"Baumgartner","given":"Peter"},{"family":"Kalz","given":"Marco"}],"citation-key":"baumgartnerwlads2005","collection-number":"34","collection-title":"Medien in der Wissenschaft","container-title":"Auf zu neuen Ufern! E-Learning heute und morgen","editor":[{"family":"Tavangarian","given":"Djamshid"},{"family":"Nölting","given":"Kristin"},{"family":"Gesellschaft für Medien in der Wissenschaft","given":""}],"event-place":"Münster München Berlin","ISBN":"978-3-8309-1557-7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2005"]]},"language":"ger","page":"97-106","publisher":"Waxmann","publisher-place":"Münster München Berlin","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Wiederverwendung von Lernobjekten aus didaktischer Sicht","type":"chapter","URL":"https://www.pedocs.de/volltexte/2016/11750/pdf/Auf_zu_neuen_Ufern_2005_Baumgartner_Kalz_Wiederverwendung_von_Lernobjekten.pdf"},
  {"id":"bedenlieroerdtghe2022","author":[{"family":"Bedenlier","given":"Svenja"},{"family":"Marín","given":"Victoria I."}],"citation-key":"bedenlieroerdtghe2022","container-title":"(Open) Educational Resources around the World: An International Comparison. EdTech Books.","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022"]]},"page":"182-236","title":"Open Educational Resources within the Digital Transformation of German Higher Education","type":"chapter","URL":"http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/83805"},
  {"id":"beisswengerimdkfl2020","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,8]]},"author":[{"family":"Beißwenger","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Borukhovich","given":"Swantje"},{"family":"Brinda","given":"Torsten"},{"family":"Bulizek","given":"Björn"},{"family":"Burovikhina","given":"Veronika"},{"family":"Cyra","given":"Katharina"},{"family":"Gryl","given":"Inga"},{"family":"Tobinski","given":"David"}],"citation-key":"beisswengerimdkfl2020","container-title":"Digitale Innovationen und Kompetenzen in der Lehramtsausbildung","editor":[{"family":"Beißwenger","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Bulizek","given":"Björn"},{"family":"Gryl","given":"Inga"},{"family":"Schacht","given":"Florian"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2020",12]]},"language":"de","license":"Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 4.0 International","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Ein integratives Modell digitalisierungsbezogener Kompetenzen für die Lehramtsausbildung","type":"chapter","URL":"https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/73330"},
  {"id":"bergerihzhulfweh2023","author":[{"family":"Berger","given":"Florian"},{"family":"Galati","given":"Nadia"},{"family":"Witteler","given":"Sebastian"}],"citation-key":"bergerihzhulfweh2023","collection-title":"Hochschulforum Digitalisierung (HFD)","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"language":"de","number":"72","source":"Zotero","title":"Interoperabilität in der Hochschulbildung. Zentrale Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze für die Weiterentwicklung europäischer Hochschulallianzen","type":"report","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231203093359/https://hochschulforumdigitalisierung.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/HFD_Arbeitspapier_Nr.72_Interoperabilitaet.pdf"},
  {"id":"bergermiwcsihes2023","author":[{"family":"Berger","given":"Florian"},{"family":"Galati","given":"Nadia"},{"family":"Witteler","given":"Sebastian"}],"citation-key":"bergermiwcsihes2023","collection-title":"Hochschulforum Digitalisierung (HFD)","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"number":"72","title":"Making Interoperability Work.Challenges and Solutions for an Interoperable Higher Education System","type":"report","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231014151957/https://hochschulforumdigitalisierung.de/sites/default/files/dateien/HFD_report_no.72_Making_interoperability_work.pdf"},
  {"id":"berners-leelddi2006","author":[{"family":"Berners-Lee","given":"Tim"}],"citation-key":"berners-leelddi2006","issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]},"title":"Linked Data - Design Issues","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231229164457/http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html"},
  {"id":"berners-leewam1997","author":[{"family":"Berners-Lee","given":"Tim"}],"citation-key":"berners-leewam1997","issued":{"date-parts":[["1997"]]},"title":"Web architecture: Metadata","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231229152710/https://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Metadata.html"},
  {"id":"berners-leewf1998","author":[{"family":"Berners-Lee","given":"Tim"}],"citation-key":"berners-leewf1998","issued":{"date-parts":[["1998"]]},"title":"Web Future","type":"speech","URL":"https://www.w3.org/Talks/1998/0227-WebFuture/"},
  {"id":"bettlpdbgbdwlpa1u1m2aifwts2003","citation-key":"bettlpdbgbdwlpa1u1m2aifwts2003","collection-number":"20","collection-title":"Medien in der Wissenschaft","editor":[{"family":"Bett","given":"Katja"},{"family":"Wedekind","given":"Joachim"}],"event-place":"Münster Berlin München","ISBN":"978-3-8309-1215-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2003"]]},"language":"ger","number-of-pages":"247","publisher":"Waxmann","publisher-place":"Münster Berlin München","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Lernplattformen in der Praxis: die in diesem Band gesammelten Beiträge dokumentieren den Workshop \"Lernplattformen in der Praxis\", der am 15. und 16. Mai 2002 am Institut für Wissensmedien in Tübingen stattfand","title-short":"Lernplattformen in der Praxis","type":"book"},
  {"id":"bildungsberichterstattungbd2ibmab2022","citation-key":"bildungsberichterstattungbd2ibmab2022","editor":[{"family":"Bildungsberichterstattung","given":""}],"event-place":"Bielefeld","ISBN":"978-3-7639-7175-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022"]]},"language":"ger","note":"OCLC: 1336532962","publisher":"wbv Publikation","publisher-place":"Bielefeld","source":"Open WorldCat","title":"Bildung in Deutschland 2022. Ein indikatorengestützter Bericht mit einer Analyse zum Bildungspersonal","type":"book","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240213064713/https://www.bildungsbericht.de/de/bildungsberichte-seit-2006/bildungsbericht-2022/pdf-dateien-2022/bildungsbericht-2022.pdf"},
  {"id":"bizerldsf2009","abstract":"The term “Linked Data” refers to a set of best practices for publishing and connecting structured data on the Web. These best practices have been adopted by an increasing number of data providers over the last three years, leading to the creation of a global data space containing billions of assertions— the Web of Data. In this article, the authors present the concept and technical principles of Linked Data, and situate these within the broader context of related technological developments. They describe progress to date in publishing Linked Data on the Web, review applications that have been developed to exploit the Web of Data, and map out a research agenda for the Linked Data community as it moves forward.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,4]]},"author":[{"family":"Bizer","given":"Christian"},{"family":"Heath","given":"Tom"},{"family":"Berners-Lee","given":"Tim"}],"citation-key":"bizerldsf2009","container-title":"International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems","DOI":"10.4018/jswis.2009081901","ISSN":"1552-6283, 1552-6291","issue":"3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2009",7,1]]},"language":"ng","page":"1-22","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Linked Data - The Story So Far:","title-short":"Linked Data - The Story So Far","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/jswis.2009081901","volume":"5"},
  {"id":"bizerldwl2008","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,3]]},"author":[{"family":"Bizer","given":"Christian"},{"family":"Heath","given":"Tom"},{"family":"Idehen","given":"Kingsley"},{"family":"Berners-Lee","given":"Tim"}],"citation-key":"bizerldwl2008","container-title":"Proceedings of the 17th international conference on World Wide Web","DOI":"10.1145/1367497.1367760","event-place":"Beijing China","event-title":"WWW '08: The 17th International World Wide Web Conference","ISBN":"978-1-60558-085-2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2008",4,21]]},"language":"en","page":"1265-1266","publisher":"ACM","publisher-place":"Beijing China","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Linked data on the web (LDOW2008)","type":"paper-conference","URL":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1367497.1367760"},
  {"id":"blodaumn2019","archive_location":"https://medienkompetenzrahmen.nrw/fileadmin/pdf/LVR_ZMB_MKR_Broschuere_2019_06_Final.pdf","author":[{"family":"Blodau","given":"Jan"},{"family":"Gade","given":"Kathrin"},{"family":"Nachtigall","given":"Karin"},{"family":"Peschen","given":"Manuela"}],"citation-key":"blodaumn2019","editor":[{"family":"Medienberatung NRW","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]},"title":"Medienkompetenzrahmen NRW","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240228193340/https://medienkompetenzrahmen.nrw/fileadmin/pdf/LVR_ZMB_MKR_Broschuere_2019_06_Final.pdf"},
  {"id":"bloomtlikb1976","citation-key":"bloomtlikb1976","collection-number":"35","collection-title":"Beltz-Studienbuch","edition":"5","editor":[{"family":"Bloom","given":"Benjamin Samuel"},{"family":"Engelhart","given":"Max D."}],"event-place":"Weinheim","ISBN":"978-3-407-18296-8","issued":{"date-parts":[["1976"]]},"language":"ger","number-of-pages":"251","publisher":"Beltz","publisher-place":"Weinheim","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Taxonomie von Lernzielen im kognitiven Bereich","type":"book"},
  {"id":"blumauerswustzbuu2006","author":[{"family":"Blumauer","given":"Andreas"},{"family":"Pellegrini","given":"Tassilo"}],"citation-key":"blumauerswustzbuu2006","collection-title":"X.media.press","container-title":"Semantic Web: Wege zur vernetzten Wissensgesellschaft","editor":[{"family":"Pellegrini","given":"Tassilo"},{"family":"Blumauer","given":"Andreas"}],"event-place":"Berlin Heidelberg","ISBN":"978-3-540-29324-8","issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]},"language":"ger","page":"9-25","publisher":"Springer","publisher-place":"Berlin Heidelberg","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Semantic Web und semantische Technologien: Zentrale Begriffe und Unterscheidungen","type":"chapter"},
  {"id":"blumesbergermam2018","abstract":"Der Beitrag gibt zunächst einen allgemeinen Überblick über die Bedeutung von Metadaten und erläutert den Wandel des Begriffs durch die Digitalisierung. Waren früher mit Metadaten vor allem Daten über Daten gemeint, zum Beispiel in Form von bibliografischen Angaben zu Büchern, hat sich der Begriff heute ausgeweitet; zugleich übernehmen Metadaten heute mehr Funktionen als früher. Darüber hinaus werden verschiedene Aspekte von Metadaten vorgestellt: Die Vorteile von hochqualitativen Metadaten werden ebenso aufgezeigt wie die heutigen und zukünftigen Herausforderungen – insbesondere auch im technischen Bereich. Beleuchtet wird zudem das Verständnis von Metadaten in den unterschiedlichen Fachdisziplinen. Im Fokus steht die Frage, wie Metadaten Daten im weitesten Sinne – also Bilder, Texte, Video- oder Audiofiles – so anreichern können, dass diese schnell auffindbar sind und möglichst langfristig, breit sowie darüber hinaus auch nachhaltig genutzt werden können. Ebenso wird dargestellt, welche Auswirkungen es hat, wenn nicht mehr – so wie früher – nur wenige hochqualifizierte Experten Metadaten vergeben.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Blumesberger","given":"Susanne"}],"citation-key":"blumesbergermam2018","container-title":"Praxishandbuch Informationsmarketing","DOI":"10.1515/9783110539011-018","editor":[{"family":"Schade","given":"Frauke"},{"family":"Georgy","given":"Ursula"}],"ISBN":"978-3-11-053901-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2018",11,19]]},"language":"de","page":"279-291","publisher":"De Gruyter","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Metadaten als Mehrwerte","type":"chapter","URL":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110539011-018/html"},
  {"id":"blumesbergersmm2017","abstract":"Kein Abstract verfügbar.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Blumesberger","given":"Susanne"},{"family":"Schubert","given":"Bernhard"},{"family":"Zartl","given":"Alexander"}],"citation-key":"blumesbergersmm2017","container-title":"Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare","container-title-short":"Mitteilungen der VÖB","DOI":"10.31263/voebm.v70i2.1851","ISSN":"1022-2588","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2017",9,12]]},"language":"de","page":"153-156","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Schwerpunktthema „Metadata – Metadaten“","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://journals.univie.ac.at/index.php/voebm/article/view/2069","volume":"70"},
  {"id":"bmbfdd2024","author":[{"family":"BMBF","given":""}],"citation-key":"bmbfdd2024","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"title":"Der DQR. DQR-Niveaus","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240202152853/https://www.dqr.de/dqr/de/der-dqr/dqr-niveaus/deutscher-qualifikationsrahmen-dqr-niveaus.html"},
  {"id":"bmbflzqs0022023","author":[{"family":"BMBF","given":""},{"family":"KMK","given":""}],"citation-key":"bmbflzqs0022023","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"title":"Liste der zugeordneten Qualifikationen (Stand 01.08.2023)","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240225043808/https://www.dqr.de/dqr/de/service/downloads/deutscher-qualifikationsrahmen-downloads.html"},
  {"id":"borstozsadl2006","author":[{"family":"Borst","given":"Timo"}],"citation-key":"borstozsadl2006","collection-title":"Forschungsberichte des Fachbereichs Elektrotechnik & Informationstechni","issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]},"note":"ISSN 0945-0130","number":"3","title":"Ontologien zur semantischen Auszeichnung digitaler Lernmaterialien","type":"report","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221221100326/https://www.fernuni-hagen.de/imperia/md/content/fakultaetfuermathematikundinformatik/forschung/berichteetit/forschungsbericht_3_2006.pdf"},
  {"id":"bpbwwqos2017","abstract":"OER haben laut UNESCO das Potential, die Qualität der Bildung zu verbessern. Ob diese Annahme stimmt und wie sich die Qualität von OER überprüfen und verbessern lässt, darüber wird in der Bildungspolitik und unter Entwicklern von Bildungsmaterial vie","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,19]]},"author":[{"family":"bpb","given":""}],"citation-key":"bpbwwqos2017","issued":{"date-parts":[["2017",5,12]]},"language":"de","title":"Wie wird die Qualität von OER sichergestellt?","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230929213313/https://www.bpb.de/lernen/digitale-bildung/oer-material-fuer-alle/248209/wie-wird-die-qualitaet-von-oer-sichergestellt/"},
  {"id":"brauckmannefwdtk2022","abstract":"Technisches Konzept zur Implementierung einer selbstverwalteten, institutionsunabhängigen und globalen digitalen Identität für den Bereich Forschung und Bildung, welche eine Person das gesamte wissenschaftliche Leben begleitet und dauerhaft für die Nutzung von Diensten und den Zugriff auf bestimmte Ressourcen eingesetzt werden kann.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,28]]},"author":[{"family":"Brauckmann","given":"Jürgen"},{"family":"Fischer","given":"Rainer"},{"family":"Gietz","given":"Peter"},{"family":"Gragert","given":"Gerrit"},{"family":"Hofmann","given":"Steffen"},{"family":"Hübner","given":"David"},{"family":"Kaufmann","given":"Heike"},{"family":"Kuiper","given":"Winfried"},{"family":"Michels","given":"Thorsten"},{"family":"Oberknapp","given":"Bernd"},{"family":"Pempe","given":"Wolfgang"},{"family":"Pfeiffer","given":"Ramon"},{"family":"Schreiterer","given":"Frank"},{"family":"Soldo","given":"Erwin"}],"citation-key":"brauckmannefwdtk2022","DOI":"10.5281/ZENODO.7418055","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022",12,9]]},"language":"de","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access","publisher":"Zenodo","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Eine edu-ID für die Wissenschaft in Deutschland – technisches Konzept","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://zenodo.org/record/7418055","version":"1.0"},
  {"id":"brdbb2011","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,18]]},"citation-key":"brdbb2011","editor":[{"family":"BRD","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2011"]]},"title":"Barrierefreie-Informationstechnik-Verordnung (BITV 2.0)","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240108151815/https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bitv_2_0/BJNR184300011.html"},
  {"id":"brdgfbd2022","citation-key":"brdgfbd2022","editor":[{"family":"BRD","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2022"]]},"title":"Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240303122722/https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gg/GG.pdf"},
  {"id":"brouerfwldablbgu2001","abstract":"Basismodelle des Lernens sind theoretisch begründete Beschreibungen davon, welche Lernschritte bei den Schülerinnen und Schülern ablaufen sollten, wenn sie ein bestimmtes Lernziel anstreben. Mit diesen Basismodellen kann man Unterricht lernprozessorientiert gestalten. Eine Untersuchung wird vorgestellt, in der die Theorie der Basismodelle in einem Gymnasium in die Praxis umgesetzt wurde. Sechs Klassen nahmen an der Untersuchung teil, die im Rahmen ihres Deutschunterrichts durchgeführt wurde. Die wesentliche Untersuchungsfrage war, ob die Gestaltung des Unterrichts auf der Grundlage der Basismodelle es den Schülern erleichtert, ihre Lernprozesse bewusst wahrzunehmen. Dabei wurde der Basismodell-Unterricht mit herkömmlich geplantem Unterricht verglichen und es zeigte sich, dass die Schüler/innen im Basismodell-Unterricht eher dazu in der Lage waren, ihre Lernprozesse zu beschreiben, als die Schüler/innen im herkömmlichen Unterricht. (ZPID)","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,8]]},"author":[{"family":"Brouër","given":"Birgit"}],"citation-key":"brouerfwldablbgu2001","contributor":[{"literal":"DIPF | Leibniz-Institut für Bildungsforschung und Bildungsinformation"}],"DOI":"10.25656/01:7715","ISSN":"0340-4099","issued":{"date-parts":[["2001"]]},"language":"de","license":"Deutsches Urheberrecht","publisher":"Beltz Juventa : Weinheim","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Förderung der Wahrnehmung von Lernprozessen durch die Anwendung der Basismodelle des Lernens bei der Gestaltung von Unterricht","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.pedocs.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=7715"},
  {"id":"buchemksmmobahcwgk2019","author":[{"family":"Buchem","given":"Ilona"},{"family":"Orr","given":"Dominic"},{"family":"Brunn","given":"Christine"}],"citation-key":"buchemksmmobahcwgk2019","collection-title":"Hochschulforum Digitalisierung (HFD)","issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]},"number":"48","title":"Kompetenzen sichtbar machen mit Open Badges. Abschlussbericht der HFD Community Working Group Kompetenz-Badges","type":"report","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230621171401/https://hochschulforumdigitalisierung.de/sites/default/files/dateien/HFD_AP_Nr48_Open_Badges_Bericht_2019_DE_web.pdf"},
  {"id":"bullmseo2023","author":[{"family":"Bull","given":"Glen"},{"family":"Greenstein","given":"Steven"},{"family":"Ellis","given":"Joshua"},{"family":"Asim","given":"Sumreen"},{"family":"Novitski","given":"Ryan"},{"family":"Whitewolf","given":"Elizabeth"},{"family":"Lake","given":"Sherry"}],"citation-key":"bullmseo2023","container-title":"Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education","issue":"3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"page":"508-517","title":"Metadata Standards for Educational Objects","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231204200648/https://citejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/v23i3Objects1.pdf","volume":"23"},
  {"id":"bundesamtfuersicherheitinderinformationstechniki2023","citation-key":"bundesamtfuersicherheitinderinformationstechniki2023","collection-title":"Unternehmen und Wirtschaft","editor":[{"family":"Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik","given":""}],"event-place":"Bonn","ISBN":"978-3-8462-0906-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"language":"ger","publisher":"Bundesanzeiger-Verl","publisher-place":"Bonn","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"IT-Grundschutz-Kompendium","type":"book","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240316121418/https://www.bsi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/BSI/Grundschutz/Kompendium/IT_Grundschutz_Kompendium_Edition2023.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4"},
  {"id":"bunschkowskiqfm2005","abstract":"Metadaten für Lernobjekte stehen als Garant für Wiederverwendbarkeit und Austauschbarkeit und sind aus dem E-Learning-Umfeld nicht mehr wegzudenken. Doch das alleinige Vorhandensein eines standardisierten formalen Metadatenrahmenwerkes ist nicht genug. Die inhaltliche Ausgestaltung ist gerade bei pädagogisch anspruchsvollen Lehr- und Lernressourcen eine schwierige, arbeitsintensive und fehleranfällige Angelegenheit. Qualitätssichernde Maßnahmen sind die logische Konsequenz dieses Umstands. Die Autoren dieses Beitrags wurden mit der Problematik der Erstellung von qualitativ hochwertigen Metadaten konfrontiert und haben im Rahmen zweier Projekte eine praktikable Qualitätssicherungslösung erfolgreich umgesetzt.","author":[{"family":"Bunschkowski","given":"Maik"},{"family":"Röser","given":"Marc"},{"family":"Schmeck","given":"Hartmut"},{"family":"Tavangarian","given":"Djamshid"},{"family":"Voigt","given":"Denny"}],"citation-key":"bunschkowskiqfm2005","event-place":"Rostock","event-title":"DeLFI 2005: 3. Deutsche e-Learning Fachtagung Informatik","ISBN":"3-88579-395-4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2005"]]},"language":"de","page":"117-128","publisher-place":"Rostock","source":"Zotero","title":"Qualitätssicherung für Metadaten","type":"paper-conference"},
  {"id":"camillerisarqiroero2014","abstract":"This report provides an overview of definitions of quality for OER, suggests a conceptual mapping and reviews the major issues related to the quality for OER. The outcomes of the report can be outlined as follows: First, when reviewing a set of definitions of OER we find that they all: cover both use and reuse, repurposing, and modification of resources; include free use of these resources for educational purposes by teachers and learners; encompass all types of digital media. Secondly, there are a variety of quality approaches, tools and procedures which may be applied to OER. Due to the above-mentioned freedom, however, the traditional lifecycle of a resource, particularly with respect to the processes of creation, editing, evaluation and use, is significantly disrupted. Whereas before these steps were traditionally distinct, consecutive and managed by various actors, the freedom granted by OER leads to a blurring of these boundaries. The involvement of many more actors in each step therefore means a federation of responsibility for each step, which in turn can lead to cross-over in the functions and timing of processes, as well as sub-cycles (such as several rounds of editing and evaluation). Thirdly, opening up of learning architectures is in turn leading to the unbundling of processes of course design, teaching, learning, assessment and recognition within formal education and the emergence of innovative delivery models such as MOOCs. Within formal education, the quality of assessment and the recognition of awards based on these assessments is critical to recognising the quality of the teaching given and the learning achieved. We highlight, however, that recognition and assessment tools have not yet fully evolved to take into account the new phenomenon which has the potential to bypass existing trust networks that have been built up with formal education. (DIPF/author)","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,10]]},"author":[{"family":"Camilleri","given":"Anthony F."},{"family":"Ehlers","given":"Ulf Daniel"},{"family":"Pawlowski","given":"Jan"}],"citation-key":"camillerisarqiroero2014","container-title":"Publications Office of the European Union","DOI":"10.25656/01:9101","issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]},"language":"en","license":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","publisher":"Publications Office of the European Union : Luxembourg","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"State of the Art Review of Quality Issues related to Open Educational Resources (OER)","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://doi.org/10.25656/01:9101"},
  {"id":"cantercuncds1985","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,13]]},"author":[{"family":"Canter","given":"David"},{"family":"Rivers","given":"Rod"},{"family":"Storrs","given":"Graham"}],"citation-key":"cantercuncds1985","container-title":"Behaviour & Information Technology","container-title-short":"Behaviour & Information Technology","DOI":"10.1080/01449298508901791","ISSN":"0144-929X, 1362-3001","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["1985",4]]},"language":"en","page":"93-102","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Characterizing user navigation through complex data structures","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01449298508901791","volume":"4"},
  {"id":"caplanmfal2003","author":[{"family":"Caplan","given":"Priscilla"}],"citation-key":"caplanmfal2003","event-place":"Chicago, Ill","ISBN":"978-0-8389-0847-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2003"]]},"language":"eng","number-of-pages":"192","publisher":"American Library Association","publisher-place":"Chicago, Ill","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Metadata fundamentals for all librarians","type":"book"},
  {"id":"carstensenc2kdmhj2004","citation-key":"carstensenc2kdmhj2004","collection-number":"Bd. 29","collection-title":"Medien in der Wissenschaft","editor":[{"family":"Carstensen","given":"Doris"},{"family":"Gesellschaft für Medien in der Wissenschaft","given":""}],"event-place":"Münster München Berlin","ISBN":"978-3-8309-1417-4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2004"]]},"language":"ger eng","number-of-pages":"465","publisher":"Waxmann","publisher-place":"Münster München Berlin","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Campus 2004: kommen die digitalen Medien an den Hochschulen in die Jahre?","title-short":"Campus 2004","type":"book"},
  {"id":"castellanos-reyes2ycif2020","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Castellanos-Reyes","given":"Daniela"}],"citation-key":"castellanos-reyes2ycif2020","container-title":"TechTrends","container-title-short":"TechTrends","DOI":"10.1007/s11528-020-00491-7","ISSN":"8756-3894, 1559-7075","issue":"4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020",7]]},"language":"en","page":"557-560","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"20 Years of the Community of Inquiry Framework","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11528-020-00491-7","volume":"64"},
  {"id":"ccr4fvu2024","author":[{"family":"CCR","given":""}],"citation-key":"ccr4fvu2024","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"title":"4D Framework Version 1.2 Update","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240311235119/https://curriculumredesign.org/wp-content/uploads/Competency-Framework-1.2-Update-and-Change-Log-P.pdf"},
  {"id":"ccrrc2ce2020","author":[{"family":"CCR","given":""}],"citation-key":"ccrrc2ce2020","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]},"title":"Redesigning the Curriculum for a 21st Century Education","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240116063051/https://curriculumredesign.org/wp-content/uploads/CCRFoundationalPaper-rev2-Oct.-2020.pdf"},
  {"id":"celtmlo2017","archive_location":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171020230437/http://www.celt.iastate.edu/teaching/effective-teaching-practices/revised-blooms-taxonomy","citation-key":"celtmlo2017","editor":[{"family":"CELT","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]},"title":"A Model of Learning Objectives","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171020230437/http://www.celt.iastate.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/RevisedBloomsHandout-1.pdf"},
  {"id":"cen/ssf20qualitatssicherungd42nudzt2007","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,19]]},"author":[{"family":"CEN/SS F20 Qualitätssicherung","given":""}],"citation-key":"cen/ssf20qualitatssicherungd42nudzt2007","DOI":"10.31030/9832912","issued":{"date-parts":[["2007"]]},"publisher":"Beuth Verlag GmbH","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"DIN EN 45020:2007-03. Normung und damit zusammenhängende Tätigkeiten","title-short":"DIN EN 45020","type":"document","URL":"https://www.beuth.de/de/-/-/95609390"},
  {"id":"centrumfurhochschulentwicklungmllal2024","author":[{"family":"Centrum für Hochschulentwicklung","given":""}],"citation-key":"centrumfurhochschulentwicklungmllal2024","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"title":"Monitor Lehrerbildung. In Ländern angebotene Lehramtstypen","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240207141741/https://www.monitor-lehrerbildung.de/diagramme/in-laendern-angebotene-lehramtstypen/"},
  {"id":"centrumfurhochschulentwicklungmllvzs2024","author":[{"family":"Centrum für Hochschulentwicklung","given":""}],"citation-key":"centrumfurhochschulentwicklungmllvzs2024","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"title":"Monitor Lehrerbildung. Landesweite Vorgaben zur Studienstruktur","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240207141122/https://www.monitor-lehrerbildung.de/diagramme/landesweite-vorgaben-zur-studienstruktur-absolute-nennungen/"},
  {"id":"centrumfurhochschulentwicklungmlpb2024","author":[{"family":"Centrum für Hochschulentwicklung","given":""}],"citation-key":"centrumfurhochschulentwicklungmlpb2024","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"title":"Monitor Lehrerbildung. Polyvalenz der Bachelor-Studiengänge","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240207142603/https://www.monitor-lehrerbildung.de/diagramme/polyvalenz-der-bachelor-studiengaenge-absolute-nennungen/"},
  {"id":"chanemml2004","abstract":"We propose an educational metadata schema for use with mobile learning. The development of metadata schemas has been at the core of the learning technology standardisation process. These proposals have been aimed at conventional eLearning on a desktop computer in a formal training and teaching environment. Our aim has been to specify a metadata schema, based on the existing IEEE Learning Object Metadata and IMS Learner Information Profile standards, to cover mobile and informal learning scenarios. In this paper we describe the design process of the Mobile Learning Metadata (MLM) schema; we explain the new fields and structures introduced or amended with the reasons behind them.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Chan","given":"T."},{"family":"Sharples","given":"M."},{"family":"Vavoula","given":"G."},{"family":"Lonsdale","given":"P."}],"citation-key":"chanemml2004","container-title":"The 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Wireless and Mobile Technologies in Education, 2004. Proceedings.","DOI":"10.1109/WMTE.2004.1281386","event-place":"JungLi, Taiwan","event-title":"The 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Wireless and Mobile Technologies in Education, 2004.","ISBN":"978-0-7695-1989-0","issued":{"date-parts":[["2004"]]},"language":"en","page":"197-198","publisher":"IEEE","publisher-place":"JungLi, Taiwan","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Educational metadata for mobile learning","type":"paper-conference","URL":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1281386/"},
  {"id":"chattirmla2012","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,12]]},"author":[{"family":"Chatti","given":"Mohamed Amine"},{"family":"Dyckhoff","given":"Anna Lea"},{"family":"Schroeder","given":"Ulrik"},{"family":"Thüs","given":"Hendrik"}],"citation-key":"chattirmla2012","container-title":"International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning","container-title-short":"IJTEL","DOI":"10.1504/IJTEL.2012.051815","ISSN":"1753-5255, 1753-5263","issue":"5/6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2012"]]},"language":"en","page":"318","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"A reference model for learning analytics","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=51815","volume":"4"},
  {"id":"clementsuoqoutvruqt2012","abstract":"Abstract\n            We analysed how teachers as users of open educational resources (OER) repositories act in the re‐use process and how they perceive quality. Based on a quantitative empirical study, we also surveyed which quality requirements users have and how they would contribute to the quality process. Trust in resources, organizations, and technologies seem to be of particular importance when looking at quality. In our findings, we derive recommendations for learning object repositories and OER user‐oriented quality assurance.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,10]]},"author":[{"family":"Clements","given":"K.I."},{"family":"Pawlowski","given":"J.M."}],"citation-key":"clementsuoqoutvruqt2012","container-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning","container-title-short":"Computer Assisted Learning","DOI":"10.1111/j.1365-2729.2011.00450.x","ISSN":"0266-4909, 1365-2729","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2012",2]]},"language":"en","page":"4-14","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"User‐oriented quality for OER: understanding teachers' views on re‐use, quality, and trust","title-short":"User‐oriented quality for OER","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2011.00450.x","volume":"28"},
  {"id":"commonwealthoflearningoergr22017","abstract":"Three documents have been developed in the framework of the 2nd World OER Congress. The two documents: Open Educational Resources: From Commitment to Action and the Open Educational Resources: Global Report 2017 provide the outcomes of the six regional consultations and global surveys conducted prior to the 2nd World OER Congress. The third document, Ljubljana OER Action Plan 2017, will be the outcome document of the 2nd World OER Congress and is based on the outputs of the regional consultations, a global online consultation of the document in the months leading up to the Congress and the deliberations of the 2nd World OER Congress. All three documents are complementary and provide a framework for both understanding the current status of OER worldwide and identifying concrete actions to mainstream OER to achieve SDG4.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,18]]},"author":[{"family":"Commonwealth of Learning","given":""}],"citation-key":"commonwealthoflearningoergr22017","ISBN":"978-1-894975-92-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2017",9]]},"language":"en","publisher":"Commonwealth of Learning (COL)","source":"oasis.col.org","title":"Open Educational Resources: Global Report 2017","title-short":"Open Educational Resources","type":"book","URL":"http://hdl.handle.net/11599/2788"},
  {"id":"conoledtlnw1ectele2tss12p2015","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"citation-key":"conoledtlnw1ectele2tss12p2015","collection-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","DOI":"10.1007/978-3-319-24258-3","editor":[{"family":"Conole","given":"Gráinne"},{"family":"Klobučar","given":"Tomaž"},{"family":"Rensing","given":"Christoph"},{"family":"Konert","given":"Johannes"},{"family":"Lavoué","given":"Elise"}],"event-place":"Cham","ISBN":"978-3-319-24257-6 978-3-319-24258-3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]},"language":"en","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","publisher-place":"Cham","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Design for Teaching and Learning in a Networked World: 10th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning, EC-TEL 2015, Toledo, Spain, September 15-18, 2015, Proceedings","title-short":"Design for Teaching and Learning in a Networked World","type":"book","URL":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-24258-3","volume":"9307"},
  {"id":"conoleml2gpc2011","author":[{"family":"Conole","given":"Gráinne"},{"family":"Gašević","given":"Dragan"},{"family":"Long","given":"Phillip"},{"family":"Siemens","given":"George"}],"citation-key":"conoleml2gpc2011","container-title":"International Learning Analytics & Knowledge Conference 2011","issued":{"date-parts":[["2011"]]},"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","title":"Message from the LAK 2011 general & program chairs","type":"paper-conference"},
  {"id":"cooperdmitslrbcpd2020","abstract":"With the emergence of e-textbooks, along with expectations to integrate technology in instruction, teachers are becoming significant co-designers of the curriculum. Informed selection and sequencing of learning resources requires sensitivity to didactic nuance, and tools to support development and application of such sensitivity. Teachers’ practices are constrained by the aspects of resources that are “searchable,” which are limited using standard search engines, and the selection of tasks is influenced by the engines’ ranking of search results, reflecting their popularity. We are developing and researching a coupled pair of tools to support mathematics teachers in making informed curricular decisions—a tool for tagging learning resources with prescribed categories of didactic metadata and a dashboard for browsing collections of resources according to this tagged metadata. In this article, we investigate affordances of these tools for the professional development of mathematics teachers—both practicing and pre-service teacher candidates. Viewing the dashboard, along with the metadata that it encodes, as a boundary object between the teachers’ and the researchers’ perspectives on curricular design, we show how teachers learned through acts of boundary crossing, conceived as transitions and interactions between the two communities’ curricular discourses. We show how using the dashboard in a task-selection assignment encouraged teachers to reflect on their practice—making explicit the tacit considerations that they apply to curricular decisions and articulating them from the researchers’ perspective. We also describe the emergence of “hybrid” search strategies, integrating multiple perspectives to create practices that are both didactically informed and practically relevant for instruction.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,12]]},"author":[{"family":"Cooper","given":"Jason"},{"family":"Olsher","given":"Shai"},{"family":"Yerushalmy","given":"Michal"}],"citation-key":"cooperdmitslrbcpd2020","container-title":"Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education","container-title-short":"J Math Teacher Educ","DOI":"10.1007/s10857-019-09428-1","ISSN":"1573-1820","issue":"4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020",8,1]]},"language":"en","page":"363-384","source":"Springer Link","title":"Didactic metadata informing teachers’ selection of learning resources: boundary crossing in professional development","title-short":"Didactic metadata informing teachers’ selection of learning resources","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10857-019-09428-1","volume":"23"},
  {"id":"costacsqrwcqrw2023","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"citation-key":"costacsqrwcqrw2023","collection-title":"Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems","DOI":"10.1007/978-3-031-31346-2","editor":[{"family":"Costa","given":"António Pedro"},{"family":"Moreira","given":"António"},{"family":"Freitas","given":"Fábio"},{"family":"Costa","given":"King"},{"family":"Bryda","given":"Grzegorz"}],"event-place":"Cham","ISBN":"978-3-031-31345-5 978-3-031-31346-2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"language":"en","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","publisher-place":"Cham","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Computer Supported Qualitative Research: World Conference on Qualitative Research (WCQR2023)","title-short":"Computer Supported Qualitative Research","type":"book","URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-31346-2","volume":"688"},
  {"id":"d","abstract":"HIS-HE - Institut für Hochschulentwicklung","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",4,12]]},"citation-key":"d","container-title":"HIS-HE - Institut für Hochschulentwicklung","language":"de","title":"Detail","type":"webpage","URL":"https://medien.his-he.de/publikationen/detail/didaktische-metadaten-in-oer-und-lehrportalen"},
  {"id":"daadsufdgerfs2024","citation-key":"daadsufdgerfs2024","editor":[{"family":"DAAD","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"title":"Studieren und Forschen in Deutschland. Gemeinsamer Europäischer Referenzrahmen für Sprachen","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231209025326/https://www.daad.de/de/studieren-und-forschen-in-deutschland/studium-planen/gers/"},
  {"id":"dalzielldld2016","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,30]]},"author":[{"family":"Dalziel","given":"James"},{"family":"Conole","given":"Grainne"},{"family":"Wills","given":"Sandra"},{"family":"Walker","given":"Simon"},{"family":"Bennett","given":"Sue"},{"family":"Dobozy","given":"Eva"},{"family":"Cameron","given":"Leanne"},{"family":"Badilescu-Buga","given":"Emil"},{"family":"Bower","given":"Matt"}],"citation-key":"dalzielldld2016","container-title":"Journal of Interactive Media in Education","DOI":"10.5334/jime.407","ISSN":"1365-893X","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2016",2,10]]},"language":"en","page":"7","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"The Larnaca Declaration on Learning Design","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://jime.open.ac.uk/articles/10.5334/jime.407/","volume":"2016"},
  {"id":"dasilvawpsmloe2006","abstract":"The amount of information available in different means and media has created opportunities in all knowledge domains. In the last five years, this development has occurred with more intensity in the Web, where the amount of information has been growing exponentially. In this context, learning objects are available in repositories on the Web with different objectives, contexts, granularities, and educational values. This presents a wide range of options to the user. Due mainly to the amount of options available and the lack of qualification standards, it is difficult use keywords to select learning objects that will maximize the learning process in a particular context. A proposal to improve the learning objects selection process is proposed that uses a metadata structure and ontologies using XML and RDF schema technologies that considers qualitative criteria for learning objects. This structure will optimize the web search process and maximize the reusability of learning objects.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Da Silva","given":"Patric"},{"family":"Mustaro","given":"Pollyana"}],"citation-key":"dasilvawpsmloe2006","container-title":"Proceedings. Frontiers in Education. 36th Annual Conference","DOI":"10.1109/FIE.2006.322476","event-place":"San Diego, CA, USA","event-title":"Proceedings. Frontiers in Education. 36th Annual Conference","ISBN":"978-1-4244-0256-4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]},"language":"en","page":"15-16","publisher":"IEEE","publisher-place":"San Diego, CA, USA","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Work in Progress: Semantic Metadata for Learning Objects Evaluation","title-short":"Work in Progress","type":"paper-conference","URL":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4117011/"},
  {"id":"dcmidmta2023","citation-key":"dcmidmta2023","editor":[{"family":"DCMI","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"title":"DCMI Metadata Terms. Audience","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231020183243/https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/terms/audience/"},
  {"id":"dcmilwg2024","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,15]]},"author":[{"family":"DCMI","given":""}],"citation-key":"dcmilwg2024","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"language":"en","title":"LRMI Working Group","type":"webpage","URL":"https://www.dublincore.org/groups/lrmi/"},
  {"id":"defreitasptlpee","author":[{"family":"de Freitas","given":""}],"citation-key":"defreitasptlpee","language":"en","source":"Zotero","title":"Personalised trails and learner profiling in an e-learning environment","type":"article-journal"},
  {"id":"delaunayoglfasg2022","author":[{"family":"Delaunay","given":"Alexis"}],"citation-key":"delaunayoglfasg2022","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022"]]},"language":"de","source":"Zotero","title":"Operationalisierung Graph-basierter Lernpfade für adaptive Serious Games","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240318110439/https://websites.fraunhofer.de/alexanderstreicher/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/BScDelaunay2022.pdf"},
  {"id":"desmedtci2ssxm2013","author":[{"family":"De Smedt","given":"Johan"}],"citation-key":"desmedtci2ssxm2013","issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]},"title":"Correspondence between ISO 25964 and SKOS/SKOS‐XL Models","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231005220400/https://groups.niso.org/higherlogic/ws/public/download/12351/Correspondence%20ISO25964-SKOSXL-MADS-2013-12-11.pdf"},
  {"id":"deutscherbildungsservermaubob2016","abstract":"Seit einer ersten gemeinsamen Expertenanhörung des BMBF und der KMK im Jahr 2012 hat das Thema Open Educational Resources (OER) auch in Deutschland Eingang in die bildungspolitische Agenda gefunden. … Um Bedarf, Voraussetzungen und Zielrichtungen einer öffentlichen Förderung freier Bildungsmaterialien zu konkretisieren, hat das BMBF die Geschäftsstelle des von Bund und Ländern getragenen Deutschen Bildungsservers mit der Durchführung einer Machbarkeitsstudie beauftragt, die im Dialog mit Expertinnen und Experten aus Bildungspraxis, Bildungsadministration und Wissenschaft, mit Akteuren der OER&#8208;Bewegung sowie mit Medienproduzenten und &#8208;anbietern Bedingungen und Erfordernisse für Aufbau und Betrieb einer OER&#8208;Infrastruktur im Internet untersucht. … Die vorliegende Machbarkeitsstudie wurde im Zeitraum April bis Oktober 2015 mit dem Ziel durchgeführt, bildungsbereichsübergreifend Bedarfe und Akzeptanz für technische und organisatorische Anforderungen an eine zentrale bzw. dezentral verteilte Angebote vernetzende Infrastruktur für Open Educational Resources (OER) zu ermitteln sowie Bedingungen und Ressourcenbedarfe für Aufbau und Betrieb der erforderlichen Systemkomponenten zu konkretisieren. …Im Zentrum der qualitativen Erhebung standen leitfadengestützte Interviewreihen mit Experten aus den Bildungsbereichen Schule, Hochschule, Berufsbildung und Erwachsenenbildung zu den Fragenkomplexen: Bildungspotenziale von OER, Funktionsbeschreibung vorhandener Infrastrukturen für digitale Bildungsmedien und Einschätzungen zu Vor&#8208; und Nachteilen von Repositorien und Referatorien sowie eigener Möglichkeiten, an einer Gesamtstruktur mitzuwirken. … Zur Ergänzung und vertiefenden Diskussion der Interviewergebnisse wurden drei Expertenworkshops durchgeführt, an denen außer den Interviewten weitere Experten teilnahmen. … Dieser Abschlussbericht wurde insgesamt 16 Reviewern aus allen Bildungsbereichen vorgelegt. Die Anmerkungen und Ergänzungen der Reviewer wurden im Bericht berücksichtigt. (DIPF/Orig.)","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,2]]},"author":[{"literal":"Deutscher Bildungsserver"}],"citation-key":"deutscherbildungsservermaubob2016","contributor":[{"literal":"DIPF"},{"family":"Blees","given":"Ingo"},{"family":"Hirschmann","given":"Doris"},{"family":"Kühnlenz","given":"Axel"},{"family":"Rittberger","given":"Marc"},{"family":"Schulte","given":"Jolika"},{"family":"Cohen","given":"Nadia"},{"family":"Massar","given":"Tamara"},{"family":"Heinen","given":"Richard"},{"family":"Kerres","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Scharnberg","given":"Gianna"},{"family":"Khenkitisack","given":"Phoutsada"},{"literal":"Universität Duisburg-Essen"},{"literal":"Deutsches Institut für Internationale Pädagogische Forschung"},{"literal":"Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung"}],"DOI":"10.25656/01:11715","issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]},"language":"de","license":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 3.0 Deutschland","publisher":":null","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Machbarkeitsstudie zum Aufbau und Betrieb von OER-Infrastrukturen in der Bildung","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://doi.org/10.25656/01:11715"},
  {"id":"deutschesforschungszentrumfuerkuenstlicheintelligenzgmbh[hrsg.]mfleiidirii2024","abstract":"Dieses Dossier gibt einen Überblick über Metadaten und bestehenden Metadatenstandards im Bereich digitaler Lernprozesse. Basierend auf einer Interviewstudie mit fünf Expertinnen und Experten aus den USA und Großbritannien werden Empfehlungen und Hindernisse bei der Verwendung von Metadaten aus einer internationalen Perspektive beleuchtet. Darüber hinaus zeigt dieses Dossier, welche internationalen Erfahrungen bei der Auswahl und Nutzung von Metadatenstandards gemacht wurden und wie diese Erkenntnisse die Diskussion im deutschsprachigen Diskurs über den Einsatz von Metadaten in der Bildung anregen können. (DIPF/Orig.)","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",4,12]]},"author":[{"family":"Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz GmbH [Hrsg.]","given":""},{"family":"mmb Institut GmbH","given":""},{"family":"Reichow","given":"Insa"},{"family":"Rashid","given":"Sheikh Faisal"},{"family":"Goertz","given":"Lutz"}],"citation-key":"deutschesforschungszentrumfuerkuenstlicheintelligenzgmbh[hrsg.]mfleiidirii2024","event-place":"Berlin","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"language":"Deutsch","number-of-pages":"23","publisher":"pedocs","publisher-place":"Berlin","source":"Fachportal Pädagogik","title":"Metadaten für Lernprozesse – Ergebnisse einer internationalen Interviewstudie. Ein Dossier im Rahmen des Innnovationswettbewerbs \"INVITE\"","type":"book","URL":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-292059"},
  {"id":"deutschesinstitutfuernormungquqiebzap12006","citation-key":"deutschesinstitutfuernormungquqiebzap12006","collection-title":"Innovation: Qualität, Dienstleistungen, Management","edition":"1. Aufl","editor":[{"family":"Deutsches Institut für Normung","given":""}],"event-place":"Berlin Wien Zürich","ISBN":"978-3-410-16026-7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]},"language":"ger","number-of-pages":"223","publisher":"Beuth","publisher-place":"Berlin Wien Zürich","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Qualitätssicherung und Qualitätsmanagement im e-Learning: Beiträge zur Anwendung der PAS 1032-1","title-short":"Qualitätssicherung und Qualitätsmanagement im e-Learning","type":"book"},
  {"id":"deutschmanndtuovafbe2008","author":[{"family":"Deutschmann","given":"Jörg"},{"family":"Gietz","given":"Peter"},{"family":"Hommel","given":"Wolfgang"},{"family":"Schroeder","given":"Renate"},{"family":"Schwendel","given":"Jens"},{"family":"Thelen","given":"Tobias"}],"citation-key":"deutschmanndtuovafbe2008","issued":{"date-parts":[["2008"]]},"title":"DFN-AAI. Technische und organisatorische Voraussetzungen. Attribute für den Bereich E-Learning.","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230615075441/https://doku.tid.dfn.de/_media/de:dfn-aai_e-learning-attribute_v.1.0.pdf"},
  {"id":"dharanialpgucpnbba2013","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,22]]},"author":[{"family":"Dharani","given":"B."},{"family":"Geetha","given":"T. V."}],"citation-key":"dharanialpgucpnbba2013","container-title":"2013 International Conference on Recent Trends in Information Technology (ICRTIT)","DOI":"10.1109/ICRTIT.2013.6844247","event-place":"Chennai, India","event-title":"2013 Third International Conference on Recent Trends in Information Technology (ICRTIT)","ISBN":"978-1-4799-1024-3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2013",7]]},"page":"459-465","publisher":"IEEE","publisher-place":"Chennai, India","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Adaptive learning path generation using colored Petri nets based on behavioral aspects","type":"paper-conference","URL":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6844247/"},
  {"id":"dietzeierwdsca2013","abstract":"Purpose\n              \n                Research in the area of technology‐enhanced learning (TEL) throughout the last decade has largely focused on sharing and reusing educational resources and data. This effort has led to a fragmented landscape of competing metadata schemas, or interface mechanisms. More recently, semantic technologies were taken into account to improve interoperability. The linked data approach has emerged as the\n                de facto\n                standard for sharing data on the web. To this end, it is obvious that the application of linked data principles offers a large potential to solve interoperability issues in the field of TEL. This paper aims to address this issue.\n              \n            \n            \n              Design/methodology/approach\n              In this paper, approaches are surveyed that are aimed towards a vision of linked education, i.e. education which exploits educational web data. It particularly considers the exploitation of the wealth of already existing TEL data on the web by allowing its exposure as linked data and by taking into account automated enrichment and interlinking techniques to provide rich and well‐interlinked data for the educational domain.\n            \n            \n              Findings\n              So far web‐scale integration of educational resources is not facilitated, mainly due to the lack of take‐up of shared principles, datasets and schemas. However, linked data principles increasingly are recognized by the TEL community. The paper provides a structured assessment and classification of existing challenges and approaches, serving as potential guideline for researchers and practitioners in the field.\n            \n            \n              Originality/value\n              Being one of the first comprehensive surveys on the topic of linked data for education, the paper has the potential to become a widely recognized reference publication in the area.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,3]]},"author":[{"family":"Dietze","given":"Stefan"},{"family":"Sanchez‐Alonso","given":"Salvador"},{"family":"Ebner","given":"Hannes"},{"family":"Qing Yu","given":"Hong"},{"family":"Giordano","given":"Daniela"},{"family":"Marenzi","given":"Ivana"},{"family":"Pereira Nunes","given":"Bernardo"}],"citation-key":"dietzeierwdsca2013","container-title":"Program: electronic library and information systems","DOI":"10.1108/00330331211296312","ISSN":"0033-0337","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2013",2,8]]},"language":"en","page":"60-91","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Interlinking educational resources and the web of data: A survey of challenges and approaches","title-short":"Interlinking educational resources and the web of data","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/00330331211296312/full/html","volume":"47"},
  {"id":"dietzesldswftrs2014","abstract":"Personalisation, adaptation and recommendation are central features of TEL environments. In this context, information retrieval techniques are applied as part of TEL recommender systems to filter and recommend learning resources or peer learners according to user preferences and requirements. However, the suitability and scope of possible recommendations is fundamentally dependent on the quality and quantity of available data, for instance, metadata about TEL resources as well as users. On the other hand, throughout the last years, the Linked Data (LD) movement has succeeded to provide a vast body of well-interlinked and publicly accessible Web data. This in particular includes Linked Data of explicit or implicit educational nature. The potential of LD to facilitate TEL recommender systems research and practice is discussed in this paper. In particular, an overview of most relevant LD sources and techniques is provided, together with a discussion of their potential for the TEL domain in general and TEL recommender systems in particular. Results from highly related European projects are presented and discussed together with an analysis of prevailing challenges and preliminary solutions.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Dietze","given":"Stefan"},{"family":"Drachsler","given":"Hendrik"},{"family":"Giordano","given":"Daniela"}],"citation-key":"dietzesldswftrs2014","container-title":"Recommender Systems for Technology Enhanced Learning","DOI":"10.1007/978-1-4939-0530-0_3","editor":[{"family":"Manouselis","given":"Nikos"},{"family":"Drachsler","given":"Hendrik"},{"family":"Verbert","given":"Katrien"},{"family":"Santos","given":"Olga C."}],"event-place":"New York, NY","ISBN":"978-1-4939-0529-4 978-1-4939-0530-0","issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]},"language":"en","page":"47-75","publisher":"Springer New York","publisher-place":"New York, NY","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"A Survey on Linked Data and the Social Web as Facilitators for TEL Recommender Systems","type":"chapter","URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4939-0530-0_3"},
  {"id":"dinieapmfelul2005","abstract":"E-Learning Materialien spielen eine zunehmend größere Rolle in der digitalen Informationsversorgung. Immer mehr und mehr Hochschulen bieten neben den herkömmlichen Unterrichtsmaterialien auch online Lern- und Lehrveranstaltungen an. Fernunterricht und Aufbaustudiengänge, Weiter- Qualifizierungskurse und andere Schulungsangebote können heutzutage bereits rein via Internet und Online-Zugang absolviert werden. Die frühe Verständigung auf einige minimale Standards in dem Bereich Metadaten, erleichtert in Zukunft die Zusammenführung der E-Learning Angebote auf regionaler/lokaler sowie nationaler und/oder internationaler Ebene. Dies eröffnet dem Nutzer vielfältige Möglichkeiten wie zum Beispiel der direkte Vergleich der Angebote der Hochschulen und Weiterbildungsinstitutio nen untereinander, den Besuch von Weiter-Qualifizierungskursen unabhängig von Ort und Zeit oder auch ein stärker modular ausgerichtetes Studium. Auch die Hochschulen profitieren von der Ausweitung ihrer Angebote um Online-Dienste: Nicht nur können die Leistungen der Hochschulen international sichtbarer gemacht werden. Eine leistungsbezogene Mittelvergabe seitens der Hochschulleitung, basierend auf standardisierten Kennzahlen im Bereich der digitalen Lehr- und Lernmaterialien, könnte weiter wesentlich erleichtert werden. Die beiden Arbeitsgruppen von DINI und ELAN haben sich zusammengefunden, um ein einheitliches Beschreibungsformat für den Nachweis und die Recherche von E-Learning Materialien als Empfehlung vorzuschlagen. Ein minimales Kernset an Metadaten, sowohl auf der Ebene des Kurses als auch auf der Ebene des dazugehörenden Contents (Vorlesungsskripte, Übungszettel, Videos etc.) kann helfen, in Zukunft die heterogen verteilten Metadatensammlungen im Hochschulbereich über ein gemeinsames Such-Interface zusammenzuführen. Nicht zuletzt kann dadurch auch der Wettbewerb unter den Hochschulen angespornt werden.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,3]]},"author":[{"family":"DINI","given":"Arbeitsgruppe Metadaten Für Multimedia-Objekte"},{"family":"ELAN","given":"Arbeitsgruppe Metadaten"}],"citation-key":"dinieapmfelul2005","contributor":[{"literal":"Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin"}],"DOI":"10.18452/1481","issued":{"date-parts":[["2005",10,1]]},"publisher":"Deutsche Initiative für Netzwerkinformation (DINI)","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"ELAN Application Profile: Metadaten für elektronische Lehr- und Lernmaterialien","title-short":"ELAN Application Profile","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/handle/18452/2133"},
  {"id":"dnbbue2023","author":[{"family":"DNB","given":""}],"citation-key":"dnbbue2023","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"title":"Bezugswege und Exportformate","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240205102408/https://www.dnb.de/DE/Professionell/Metadatendienste/Datenbezug/metadatenBezugUndFormate.html"},
  {"id":"dreyfuskigduwi1987","author":[{"family":"Dreyfus","given":"H.L."},{"family":"Dreyfus","given":"S.E."}],"citation-key":"dreyfuskigduwi1987","ISBN":"978-3-499-18144-3","issued":{"date-parts":[["1987"]]},"publisher":"Rowohlt","title":"Künstliche Intelligenz: von den Grenzen der Denkmaschine und dem Wert der Intuition","type":"book","URL":"https://books.google.de/books?id=yaE_XwAACAAJ"},
  {"id":"duranioerusp2021","abstract":"Universities around the world have been taking advantage of open educational resources (OERs) for publishing educational material. The teachers and students can access, the published material for teaching, learning and research through institutional repositories. This article proposes the design, construction and validation of the semantic platform (MIIDAS), considering two case studies of higher-level educational institutions (civil and military schools). The MIIDAS Platform integrates educational resources in institutional repositories related to the areas of Computing and Electronics engineering through the incorporation of Semantic Web technologies. The descriptions of resources consider metadata of the OAI-PMH protocol and also add educational metadata. The platform uses RDF resource descriptions, ontologies and the SPARQL query language to improve resource retrieval, in addition to proposing guidelines for the management of educational resources. The results of validation of the platform are presented through the development of evaluation instruments, which suggest possible ways to improve the platform. The article provides the basis for developing platforms that help in spreading open educational resources and allow the construction of semantically enrich data sets.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Duran","given":"Cristal Galindo"},{"family":"Ramirez","given":"Carolina Medina"}],"citation-key":"duranioerusp2021","container-title":"IEEE Access","container-title-short":"IEEE Access","DOI":"10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3092315","ISSN":"2169-3536","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]},"language":"en","page":"93079-93088","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Integration of Open Educational Resources Using Semantic Platform","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9464963/","volume":"9"},
  {"id":"duvalmderams2000","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Duval","given":"E."},{"family":"Vervaet","given":"E."},{"family":"Verhoeven","given":"B."},{"family":"Hendrikx","given":"K."},{"family":"Cardinaels","given":"K."},{"family":"Olivie","given":"H."},{"family":"Forte","given":"E."},{"family":"Haenni","given":"F."},{"family":"Warkentyne","given":"K."},{"family":"Forte","given":"M. Wentland"},{"family":"Simillion","given":"F."}],"citation-key":"duvalmderams2000","container-title":"Journal of Internet Cataloging","container-title-short":"Journal of Internet Cataloging","DOI":"10.1300/J141v03n02_03","ISSN":"1091-1367","issue":"2-3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2000",11,20]]},"language":"en","page":"145-171","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Managing Digital Educational Resources with the ARIADNE Metadata System","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J141v03n02_03","volume":"3"},
  {"id":"duvalmswww2001","author":[{"family":"Duval","given":"Erik"}],"citation-key":"duvalmswww2001","container-title":"Journal of Universal Computer Science","issue":"7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2001"]]},"page":"591-601","title":"Metadata Standards: What, Who & Why","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221013051642/https://www.jucs.org/jucs_7_7/metadata_standards_what_who/Duval_E.pdf","volume":"7"},
  {"id":"duvalsmesr2001","author":[{"family":"Duval","given":"Erik"}],"citation-key":"duvalsmesr2001","container-title":"ED-MEDIA 2001 World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications. Proceedings (13th, Tampere, Finland, June 25-30, 2001)","issued":{"date-parts":[["2001"]]},"page":"458-463","title":"Standardized Metadata for Education: a Status Report","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220617195250/http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED466155.pdf"},
  {"id":"ebnerllflulmt2013","citation-key":"ebnerllflulmt2013","edition":"2","editor":[{"family":"Ebner","given":"Martin"},{"family":"Schön","given":"Sandra"}],"event-place":"Berlin","ISBN":"978-3-8442-6594-1 978-3-8442-6856-0","issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]},"language":"ger","number-of-pages":"576","publisher":"epubli","publisher-place":"Berlin","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"L3T. Lehrbuch für Lernen und Lehren mit Technologien","type":"book"},
  {"id":"ebnermiemmip2023","abstract":"The MOOChub is a website that lists well over 700 Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) from German-speaking countries from a total of nine different partners. In order to build such a site automatically, all partners must describe and publicly offer the metadata for their courses in the same way. This article describes the genesis of the idea of a common standard and how it was subsequently developed.\nThe result is an openly licensed, de-facto standard based on common existing standards, as well as an initial prototype, the MOOChub, where all parnters’ courses can now be searched and found. Finally, this paper outlines the next possible and necessary developments that will further optimise the interface.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,16]]},"author":[{"family":"Ebner","given":"Martin"},{"family":"Koschutnig-Ebner","given":"Markus"},{"family":"Rampelt","given":"Florian"},{"family":"Serth","given":"Sebastian"},{"family":"Staubitz","given":"Thomas"},{"family":"Stetten","given":"Alexander","non-dropping-particle":"von"},{"family":"Thomas","given":"Max"},{"family":"Wittke","given":"Andreas"}],"citation-key":"ebnermiemmip2023","container-title":"Zeitschrift für Hochschulentwicklung","DOI":"10.3217/ZFHE-18-01/02","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"page":"17–35","publisher":"[object Object]","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"A metastandard for the international exchange of MOOCs – the MOOChub as an initial prototype","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://doi.org/10.3217/zfhe-18-01/02","volume":"18"},
  {"id":"educa.chle2023","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,14]]},"author":[{"family":"educa.ch","given":""}],"citation-key":"educa.chle2023","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"language":"de","title":"LOM-CH | Educa","type":"webpage","URL":"https://www.educa.ch/de/taetigkeiten/online-dienste/lom-ch"},
  {"id":"educaal2020","author":[{"family":"Educa","given":""}],"citation-key":"educaal2020","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]},"language":"de","source":"Zotero","title":"Applikationsprofil LOM-CH","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240205092135/https://www.educa.ch/sites/default/files/2020-11/applikationsprofil-lom-ch-v2.1-de.pdf"},
  {"id":"ehlenzfpax","abstract":"In der Learning Analytics-Forschung hat sich xAPI als Standard etabliert. Actor – Verb – Object. Während Idee einfach und elegant ist, ist die Umsetzung deutlich komplexer. xAPI stellt eine Grammatik, doch das Vokabular ist nicht eindeutig definiert. Extensions, Profiles, Recipes, Attachments, Objekte und Activities, viele Konzepte sind spezifiziert, die inhaltliche Ausgestaltung aber bewusst offengehalten. Die resultierende Konsequenz ist fehlende Eindeutigkeit. Dieser Beitrag arbeitet diese Problematik strukturiert auf und diskutiert die gegenwärtigen Ansätze verschiedener Registries durch die kritische Betrachtung der Entwicklung des xAPI Standards.","author":[{"family":"Ehlenz","given":"Matthias"},{"family":"Heinemann","given":"Birte"},{"family":"Leonhardt","given":"Thiemo"},{"family":"Röpke","given":"René"},{"family":"Schroeder","given":"Ulrik"}],"citation-key":"ehlenzfpax","language":"de","source":"Zotero","title":"Eine forschungspraktische Perspektive auf xAPI-Registries","type":"article-journal"},
  {"id":"ehlersdalwl2003","citation-key":"ehlersdalwl2003","container-title":"E-Learning-Services im Spannungsfeld von Pädagogik, Ökonomie und Technologie: L3-lebenslanges Lernen im Bildungsnetzwerk der Zukunft","editor":[{"family":"Ehlers","given":"Ulf-Daniel"},{"family":"Meder","given":"Norbert"}],"event-place":"Bielefeld","ISBN":"978-3-7639-3098-2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2003"]]},"language":"ger","publisher":"Bertelsmann","publisher-place":"Bielefeld","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Didaktische Anforderungen an Lernumgebungen: Die Web-Didaktik von L3","type":"chapter","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210729193731/https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Torsten-Holmer/publication/260423297_E-Learning-Services_im_Spannungsfeld_von_Padagogik_Okonomie_und_Technologie/links/59bf79e9458515e9cfd4de9c/E-Learning-Services-im-Spannungsfeld-von-Paedagogik-Oekonomie-und-Technologie.pdf"},
  {"id":"ehlerseispoeutllibz2003","citation-key":"ehlerseispoeutllibz2003","editor":[{"family":"Ehlers","given":"Ulf-Daniel"}],"event-place":"Bielefeld","ISBN":"978-3-7639-3098-2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2003"]]},"language":"ger","number-of-pages":"546","publisher":"Bertelsmann","publisher-place":"Bielefeld","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"E-Learning-Services im Spannungsfeld von Pädagogik, Ökonomie und Technologie: L3-lebenslanges Lernen im Bildungsnetzwerk der Zukunft","title-short":"E-Learning-Services im Spannungsfeld von Pädagogik, Ökonomie und Technologie","type":"book","URL":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260423297_E-Learning-Services_im_Spannungsfeld_von_Padagogik_Okonomie_und_Technologie"},
  {"id":"ehlersoerrrqcqrfo2021","author":[{"family":"Ehlers","given":"Ulf-Daniel"},{"family":"Kunze","given":"Katharina"}],"citation-key":"ehlersoerrrqcqrfo2021","collection-title":"ENCORE+ OER Quality Circle Position Paper","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]},"language":"en","source":"Zotero","title":"Open Educational Resources and Repositories: the Role of Quality. Towards a community-oriented Quality Review Framework for OER","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230324084030/https://encoreproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/ENCORE-Quality-Position-paper-No.1.pdf"},
  {"id":"ehlersoerrrqtpgwmbcqf2022","author":[{"family":"Ehlers","given":"Ulf-Daniel"},{"family":"Schmidbauer","given":"Fiona"}],"citation-key":"ehlersoerrrqtpgwmbcqf2022","collection-title":"ENCORE+ OER Quality Circle Position Paper","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022"]]},"language":"en","source":"Zotero","title":"Open Educational Resources and Repositories: the Role of Quality. Thematic Peer Group Workshops as a method for building a community-oriented quality framework.","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240303112605/https://encoreproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ENCORE-Position-paper-2-Quality.pdf"},
  {"id":"ehrigowm2004","author":[{"family":"Ehrig","given":"Marc"},{"family":"Hartmann","given":"Jens"},{"family":"Schmitz","given":"Christoph"}],"citation-key":"ehrigowm2004","issued":{"date-parts":[["2004"]]},"title":"Ontologie-basiertes Web Mining","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220119200944/https://www.kde.cs.uni-kassel.de/wp-content/uploads/schmitz/publ/2004-gi-crawler_v3.0.pdf"},
  {"id":"eickelmannldwofluln2020","author":[{"family":"Eickelmann","given":"Birgit"}],"citation-key":"eickelmannldwofluln2020","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]},"title":"Lehrkräfte in der digitalisierten Welt. Orientierungsrahmen für die Lehrerausbildung und Lehrerfortbildung in NRW","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240131074653/https://www.medienberatung.schulministerium.nrw.de/media/layout/relaunch_2022/pdf/publikation/Lehrkraefte_Digitalisierte_Welt_2020.pdf"},
  {"id":"elanel2018","author":[{"family":"ELAN","given":""}],"citation-key":"elanel2018","issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]},"title":"E-Assessment-Wiki: Lernziel","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240301172058/https://ep.elan-ev.de/wiki/Lernziel"},
  {"id":"eliasoraos2018","abstract":"OpenCourseWare (OCW) systems have been established to provide open educational resources that are accessible by anyone, including learners with special accessibility needs and preferences. We need to find a formal and interoperable way to describe these preferences in order to use them in OCW systems and retrieve relevant educational resources. This formal representation should use standard accessibility definitions of OCW that can be reused by other OCW systems to represent accessibility concepts. In this article, we present an ontology to represent the accessibility needs of learners with respect to the IMS AfA specifications. The ontology definitions together with rule-based queries are used to retrieve relevant educational resources. Related to this, we developed a user interface component that enables users to create accessibility profiles representing their individual needs and preferences based on our ontology. We evaluated the approach with five examples profiles.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,11]]},"author":[{"family":"Elias","given":"Mirette"},{"family":"Lohmann","given":"Steffen"},{"family":"Auer","given":"Sören"}],"citation-key":"eliasoraos2018","container-title":"Information","container-title-short":"Information","DOI":"10.3390/info9120302","ISSN":"2078-2489","issue":"12","issued":{"date-parts":[["2018",11,29]]},"language":"en","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Ontology-Based Representation for Accessible OpenCourseWare Systems","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/9/12/302","volume":"9"},
  {"id":"elsasserculakfb2000","author":[{"family":"Elsässer","given":"T."}],"citation-key":"elsasserculakfb2000","collection-number":"10","collection-title":"SIBP-Schriftenreihe","editor":[{"family":"SIBP","given":""}],"event-place":"Zollikofen","issued":{"date-parts":[["2000"]]},"publisher-place":"Zollikofen","title":"Choreografien unterrichtlichen Lernens als Konzeptionsansatz für eine Berufsfelddidaktik","type":"book","URL":"https://www.fachportal-paedagogik.de/literatur/vollanzeige.html?FId=2653468"},
  {"id":"ep2021","abstract":"OER for Education, Business and InnovationThe European Network for Catalysing Open Resources in Education (ENCORE+) supports the uptake and innovation of Open Educational Resources for education and business.ENCORE+ is a ERASMUS+, Knowledge Alliances project co-funded by the European Commission.Discover More WHO WE AREThe ENCORE+ Network is the European network for transforming learning through open education.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,19]]},"citation-key":"ep2021","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021",3,22]]},"language":"en-US","title":"Encore+ Project","type":"webpage","URL":"https://encoreproject.eu/, https://encoreproject.eu/"},
  {"id":"epflaemr1999","citation-key":"epflaemr1999","editor":[{"family":"EPFL","given":""},{"family":"KUL","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1999"]]},"title":"ARIADNE Educational Metadata Recommendation","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20030203003051/http://ariadne.unil.ch/Metadata/ariadne_metadata_v3final1.htm"},
  {"id":"essalmifpses2010","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,22]]},"author":[{"family":"Essalmi","given":"Fathi"},{"family":"Ayed","given":"Leila Jemni Ben"},{"family":"Jemni","given":"Mohamed"},{"literal":"Kinshuk"},{"family":"Graf","given":"Sabine"}],"citation-key":"essalmifpses2010","container-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","container-title-short":"Computers in Human Behavior","DOI":"10.1016/j.chb.2009.12.010","ISSN":"07475632","issue":"4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2010",7]]},"language":"en","page":"581-591","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"A fully personalization strategy of E-learning scenarios","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0747563209002015","volume":"26"},
  {"id":"eulercu1987","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,2]]},"author":[{"family":"Euler","given":"Dieter"},{"family":"Jankowski","given":"Ralf"},{"family":"Lenz","given":"Andreas"},{"family":"Schmitz","given":"Paul"},{"family":"Twardy","given":"Martin"}],"citation-key":"eulercu1987","DOI":"10.1007/978-3-322-85464-3","event-place":"Wiesbaden","ISBN":"978-3-528-03606-5 978-3-322-85464-3","issued":{"date-parts":[["1987"]]},"language":"de","publisher":"Vieweg+Teubner Verlag","publisher-place":"Wiesbaden","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Computerunterstützter Unterricht","type":"book","URL":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-322-85464-3"},
  {"id":"eulersmnmdg2002","author":[{"family":"Euler","given":"Dieter"},{"family":"Wilbers","given":"Karl"}],"citation-key":"eulersmnmdg2002","collection-number":"1","collection-title":"Hochschuldidaktische Schriften","event-place":"Sankt Gallen","ISBN":"978-3-906528-21-2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2002"]]},"language":"ger","number-of-pages":"36","publisher-place":"Sankt Gallen","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Selbstlernen mit neuen Medien didaktisch gestalten","type":"book"},
  {"id":"europaeischekommissionerll2002","citation-key":"europaeischekommissionerll2002","editor":[{"family":"Europäische Kommission","given":""}],"event-place":"Luxemburg","ISBN":"978-92-894-3212-2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2002"]]},"language":"ger","number-of-pages":"109","publisher":"Amt für Amtliche Veröff. der Europ. Gemeinschaften","publisher-place":"Luxemburg","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Ein europäischer Raum des lebenslangen Lernens","type":"book","URL":"https://op.europa.eu/de/publication-detail/-/publication/e5476cc7-f746-4663-9dd0-ec37bb5891bf/language-de"},
  {"id":"europaratcefrlltacv2020","citation-key":"europaratcefrlltacv2020","editor":[{"family":"Europarat","given":""}],"event-place":"Strasbourg","ISBN":"978-92-871-8621-8","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]},"language":"eng","number-of-pages":"274","publisher":"Council of Europe Publishing","publisher-place":"Strasbourg","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Common European framework of reference for languages: learning, teaching, assessment ; companion volume","title-short":"Common European framework of reference for languages","type":"book"},
  {"id":"europeancommission.jointresearchcentre.efdced2017","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,8]]},"author":[{"literal":"European Commission. Joint Research Centre."},{"family":"Redecker","given":"Christine"},{"family":"Punie","given":"Yves"}],"citation-key":"europeancommission.jointresearchcentre.efdced2017","event-place":"LU","issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]},"language":"eng","publisher":"Publications Office","publisher-place":"LU","source":"DOI.org (CSL JSON)","title":"European framework for the digital competence of educators: DigCompEdu.","title-short":"European framework for the digital competence of educators","type":"book","URL":"https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/159770"},
  {"id":"europeanschoolnetlrees2017","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,18]]},"author":[{"family":"European Schoolnet","given":""}],"citation-key":"europeanschoolnetlrees2017","issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]},"title":"Learning Resource Exchange (European Schoolnet)","type":"webpage","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230924184746/http://www.eun.org/resources/learning-resource-exchange"},
  {"id":"ezzaimaalsml2023","abstract":"With the aid of technology advancement, the field of education has seen a noticeable transformation. The teaching-learning process is now more interactive and is no longer restricted to students&#39; physical presence in the classroom but instead makes use of specialized online platforms. In recent years, solutions that offer learning routes customized to learners&#39; needs have become more necessary. In this regard, artificial intelligence has served as an excellent answer, allowing for the building of educational systems that can accommodate a wide range of student needs. Through this paper, a systematic mapping of the literature on AI-based adaptive learning is presented. The examination of 93 articles published between 2000 and 2022 made it possible to draw several conclusions, including the number of adaptive learning environments based on AI, the types of AI algorithms used, the objectives targeted by these systems as well as factors related to adaptation. This study may serve as a springboard for further investigation into how to address the problems raised by the current state.&nbsp;","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,12]]},"archive_location":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240318112226/https://public.pensoft.net/items/?p=7TVeXpoqfNYT89tyrm3ifrTeG9Wv8P676JSQp%2FH2pj9hhtoybol4GF7LEbj3fxHT5Fo8esHssd8WephnZRHUcgDFG%2FlxB%2BJOa4kiiynPEGHTQQhj%2FwtyIL7eumak&n=qC9NWZh8JI9D7IU3%2Fi%2B6QrzYCtG%2Fs%2BvkvsCK5b6s%2BStv","author":[{"family":"Ezzaim","given":"Aymane"},{"family":"Dahbi","given":"Aziz"},{"family":"Haidine","given":"Abdelfatteh"},{"family":"Aqqal","given":"Abdelhak"}],"citation-key":"ezzaimaalsml2023","container-title":"JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science","container-title-short":"jucs","DOI":"10.3897/jucs.90528","ISSN":"0948-6968, 0948-695X","issue":"10","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023",10,28]]},"page":"1161-1198","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"AI-Based Adaptive Learning: A Systematic Mapping of the Literature","title-short":"AI-Based Adaptive Learning","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://lib.jucs.org/article/90528/","volume":"29"},
  {"id":"felderltsee1988","author":[{"family":"Felder","given":"R. M."},{"family":"Silverman","given":"L. K."}],"citation-key":"felderltsee1988","collection-title":"Engineering education","issue":"7","issued":{"date-parts":[["1988"]]},"page":"674-681","title":"Learning and teaching styles in engineering education","type":"article-journal","volume":"78"},
  {"id":"fenselosbkmec2004","author":[{"family":"Fensel","given":"Dieter"}],"citation-key":"fenselosbkmec2004","edition":"2. ed., rev. and extended","event-place":"Berlin Heidelberg","ISBN":"978-3-540-00302-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2004"]]},"language":"eng","number-of-pages":"162","publisher":"Springer","publisher-place":"Berlin Heidelberg","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Ontologies: a silver bullet for knowledge management and electronic commerce","title-short":"Ontologies","type":"book"},
  {"id":"fernandesslmflor2005","author":[{"family":"Fernandes","given":"Emmanuel"},{"family":"Madhour","given":"Hend"},{"family":"Wentland Forte","given":"Maia"},{"family":"Miniaoui","given":"Sami"}],"citation-key":"fernandesslmflor2005","container-title":"International Conference on Human System Learning (ICHSL) 2005","event-place":"Marrakesh, Morocco","issued":{"date-parts":[["2005"]]},"publisher-place":"Marrakesh, Morocco","title":"Towards a semantic learning model fostering learning object reusability","type":"paper-conference","URL":"https://telearn.hal.science/hal-00190205"},
  {"id":"fgmmed","citation-key":"fgmmed","language":"en","source":"Zotero","title":"FORUM GUIDE TO METADATA The Meaning Behind Education Data","type":"article-journal"},
  {"id":"fishercgvec2003","author":[{"family":"Fisher","given":"Sue"},{"family":"Habkirk","given":"Scott"},{"family":"Friesen","given":"Norm"},{"family":"Roberts","given":"Anthony"}],"citation-key":"fishercgvec2003","issued":{"date-parts":[["2003"]]},"title":"CanCore Guidelines Version 2.0: Educational Category","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240226220358/http://cancore.athabascau.ca/guidelines/CanCore_Guidelines_Educational_2.0.pdf"},
  {"id":"fluehleroerojeaeh2023","abstract":"In this article, the author investigates the spread and use of Open Educational Resources (OER) in Japan. Some Japanese Higher Education Institutions have been involved with the Topic of OER for almost 20 years. In particular, Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are a popular form of OER. However, MOOCs are rarely used in university classrooms in a structured manner. The strategic anchoring of OER at university level is seen as crucial for the widespread creation and use of OER.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Flühler","given":"Roger"}],"citation-key":"fluehleroerojeaeh2023","container-title":"ABI Technik","DOI":"10.1515/abitech-2023-0015","ISSN":"2191-4664, 0720-6763","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023",5,25]]},"language":"de","page":"78-85","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Open Educational Resources (OER) in Japan: Ein Erfahrungsbericht aus erster Hand","title-short":"<b>Open Educational Resources (OER) in Japan","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/abitech-2023-0015/html","volume":"43"},
  {"id":"forteappkpctcode1997","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,12]]},"author":[{"family":"Forte","given":"Eddy N."},{"family":"Wentland Forte","given":"Maria H. K."},{"family":"Duval","given":"Erik"}],"citation-key":"forteappkpctcode1997","container-title":"European Journal of Engineering Education","container-title-short":"European Journal of Engineering Education","DOI":"10.1080/03043799708923438","ISSN":"0304-3797, 1469-5898","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["1997",3]]},"language":"en","page":"61-74","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"The ARIADNE Project (Part 1): Knowledge Pools for Computer-based and Telematics-supported Classical, Open and Distance Education","title-short":"The ARIADNE Project (Part 1)","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03043799708923438","volume":"22"},
  {"id":"franke-maierqi2021","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"citation-key":"franke-maierqi2021","DOI":"10.1515/9783110691597","editor":[{"family":"Franke-Maier","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Kasprzik","given":"Anna"},{"family":"Ledl","given":"Andreas"},{"family":"Schürmann","given":"Hans"}],"ISBN":"978-3-11-069159-7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021",9,20]]},"language":"de","publisher":"De Gruyter","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Qualität in der Inhaltserschließung","type":"book","URL":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110691597/html"},
  {"id":"frantiskacrlo2016","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,3]]},"author":[{"family":"Frantiska","given":"Joseph"}],"citation-key":"frantiskacrlo2016","collection-title":"SpringerBriefs in Educational Communications and Technology","DOI":"10.1007/978-3-319-32889-8","event-place":"Cham","ISBN":"978-3-319-32888-1 978-3-319-32889-8","issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]},"language":"en","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","publisher-place":"Cham","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Creating Reusable Learning Objects","type":"book","URL":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-32889-8"},
  {"id":"frantiskarp2016","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,3]]},"author":[{"family":"Frantiska","given":"Joseph J."}],"citation-key":"frantiskarp2016","container-author":[{"family":"Frantiska, Jr., Ed.D.","given":"Joseph"}],"container-title":"Creating Reusable Learning Objects","DOI":"10.1007/978-3-319-32889-8_2","event-place":"Cham","ISBN":"978-3-319-32888-1 978-3-319-32889-8","issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]},"language":"en","page":"3-4","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","publisher-place":"Cham","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"The Reusability Paradox","type":"chapter","URL":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-32889-8_2"},
  {"id":"friesenbemap2002","author":[{"family":"Friesen","given":"Norm"},{"family":"Mason","given":"Jon"},{"family":"Ward","given":"Nigel"}],"citation-key":"friesenbemap2002","container-title":"International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications","issued":{"date-parts":[["2002"]]},"page":"63-69","title":"Building Educational Metadata Application Profiles","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231205130341/https://dcpapers.dublincore.org/pubs/article/download/695/691"},
  {"id":"fritzlaheesteg2024","abstract":"Technology enhanced learning analytics has the potential to play a significant role in higher education in the future. Opinions and expectations towards technology and learning analytics, thus, are vital to consider for institutional developments in higher education institutions. The Sheila framework offers instruments to yield exploratory knowledge about stakeholder aspirations towards technology, such as learning analytics in higher education. The sample of the study consists of students (N = 1169) and teachers (N = 497) at a higher education institution in Germany. Using self-report questionnaires, we assessed students and teachers attitudes towards learning analytics in higher education teaching, comparing ideal and expected circumstances. We report results on the attitudes of students, teachers, as well as comparisons of the two groups and different disciplines. We discuss the results with regard to practical implications for the implementation and further developments of learning analytics in higher education.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,2]]},"author":[{"family":"Fritz","given":"Birthe"},{"family":"Kube","given":"Dana"},{"family":"Scherer","given":"Sonja"},{"family":"Drachsler","given":"Hendrik"}],"citation-key":"fritzlaheesteg2024","DOI":"10.48550/ARXIV.2401.11981","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"license":"Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International","publisher":"arXiv","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Learning Analytics in Higher Education -- Exploring Students and Teachers Expectations in Germany","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.11981","version":"1"},
  {"id":"fsfepmpc2024","abstract":"Public Money, Public Code - Eine Kampagne, damit öffentlich finanzierte Software als Freie Software veröffentlicht wird","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,15]]},"author":[{"family":"FSFE","given":""}],"citation-key":"fsfepmpc2024","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"language":"de","title":"Public Money, Public Code","type":"webpage","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240304120022/https://publiccode.eu/de/"},
  {"id":"fulantellihelmto4ich2pis222rsp2023","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"citation-key":"fulantellihelmto4ich2pis222rsp2023","collection-title":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","DOI":"10.1007/978-3-031-29800-4","editor":[{"family":"Fulantelli","given":"Giovanni"},{"family":"Burgos","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"Casalino","given":"Gabriella"},{"family":"Cimitile","given":"Marta"},{"family":"Lo Bosco","given":"Giosuè"},{"family":"Taibi","given":"Davide"}],"event-place":"Cham","ISBN":"978-3-031-29799-1 978-3-031-29800-4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"language":"en","publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","publisher-place":"Cham","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Higher Education Learning Methodologies and Technologies Online: 4th International Conference, HELMeTO 2022, Palermo, Italy, September 21–23, 2022, Revised Selected Papers","title-short":"Higher Education Learning Methodologies and Technologies Online","type":"book","URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-29800-4","volume":"1779"},
  {"id":"furberdqmst2016","author":[{"family":"Fürber","given":"Christian"},{"family":"Hepp","given":"Martin"}],"citation-key":"furberdqmst2016","collection-title":"Research","event-place":"Wiesbaden","ISBN":"978-3-658-12224-9","issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]},"language":"eng","number-of-pages":"205","publisher":"Springer Gabler","publisher-place":"Wiesbaden","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Data Quality Management with semantic technologies","type":"book"},
  {"id":"fwuekgjp2024","author":[{"family":"FWU","given":""}],"citation-key":"fwuekgjp2024","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"title":"eduCheck: Der Kriterienkatalog: Grundlage jeder Prüfung","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240218122831/https://educheck.schule/der-kriterienkatalog-grundlage-jeder-pruefung/"},
  {"id":"fwuslpgmev22010","citation-key":"fwuslpgmev22010","editor":[{"literal":"FWU"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]},"title":"Specification of a LOM Profile for German metadata exchange  Version 0.9 / 2010-05-11","title-short":"LOM-DE","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220120213540/https://sodis.de/lom-de/LOM-DE_v0.9_1.pdf"},
  {"id":"gabellinilooerihdtv0m22021","abstract":"<strong>Inhaltsverzeichnis</strong> Lehrentwicklung by Openness – OER im Hochschulkontext. Vorwort OER in Hochschulen: Ein passendes Verhältnis? Zur Einleitung Towards OER. Etablierung einer OER-orientierten Digitalisierungsstrategie an der Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg. Iris Groß, Katja Kluth, Susanne Kundmüller-Bianchini und Andrea Schröder OER an Hochschulen verankern. Erfahrungen aus dem Zentralen Repositorium für OER der Hochschulen in Baden-Württemberg (ZOERR). Michèle Menkor und Tatjana Spaeth Das Landesportal ORCA.nrw. Eine Plattform – 37 Hochschulen – ein Netzwerk. Cornelia Eube, Alexander Kobusch, Florian Rosenthal, Elisabeth Scherer und Magdalena Spaude OER-Zertifikate für Lehrende und Hochschulen. Kompetenzen und Aktivitäten sichtbar machen. Sandra Schön, Martin Ebner, Gerhard Brandhofer, Elfriede Berger, Ortrun Gröblinger, Tanja Jadin, Michael Kopp und Hans-Peter Steinbacher Rechtssicherheit schaffen im Umgang mit OER. OER-Policy und -Handreichung der ZHAW. Nicole Krüger und Salome Nesme Dezentral bereitstellen – zentral finden. Zur Umsetzung hochschulübergreifender OER-Angebote. Ortrun Gröblinger, Raman Ganguly, Claudia Hackl, Michael Kopp und Martin Ebner Producing OER with convOERter. First Evaluation and Feedback. Lubna Ali and Ulrik Schroeder OER finden, nutzen und kollaborativ weiterentwickeln. Dateiformate, Metadaten und Open Science Repositorien. Bruno Wenk «Die Lehre von morgen gestalten». Werkstattbericht zum Projekt Virtuelle Akademie. Tina Maurer, Patrick Lachenmeier und Ioana Gatzka «tOgEthR Moodle». Trainieren, verwenden und weiterentwickeln. Cäsar Künzi und Danilo Olbrecht OER Weiterbildung für Hochschuldozierende. Ein kritischer Blick. Sabrina Gallner und Maaike Kuurstra Lehrentwicklung by Openness. OER verankern, Notwendigkeit oder Widerspruch?! Monika Wyss Open Educational Resources (OERs): A Response to Rising Textbook Costs. Difficulties in the Transition Process to OERs Through the Lens of Mezirow’s Theory of Transformative Learning. Andreas Rambow Blended Learning. Offene Online-Kurse integrieren. Cinzia Gabellini Kollaborative Auseinandersetzung mit Videos. Erfahrungen mit TRAVIS GO in der Hochschullehre. Elke Schlote und Cristina Pileggi Unterrichtsmaterialien aus Masterarbeiten als OER publizieren. Die IdeenSets der Pädagogischen Hochschule Bern. Fabienne Döbeli, Cornelia Epprecht, Silvia Sterchi, Anita Eicher und Pascal Piller Mehr OER im Mathematikunterricht. Verankerung von OER in einem Lehramts-Mastermodul. Marvin Titz Selbstbestimmtes, nachhaltiges Lernen mit OER in der Lehramtsausbildung. Ein Beispiel von Blended Learning Materialien für die inklusive Pädagogik. Frank J. Müller und Anna Zimmermann Phasenübergreifende Lehrkräftebildung mit und durch OER. Thesen und Impulse für eine vernetzte Lehrkräftebildung. Ronny Röwert und Matthias Kostrzewa «Das Postulat OER in der Hochschullandschaft verankern». Panel-Diskussion. Martin Ebner, Ricarda T.D. Reimer, Matthias Stürmer, Franziska Imboden und Peter Tremp","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Gabellini","given":"Cinzia"},{"family":"Gallner","given":"Sabrina"},{"family":"Imboden","given":"Franziska"},{"family":"Kuurstra","given":"Maaike"},{"family":"Tremp","given":"Peter"}],"citation-key":"gabellinilooerihdtv0m22021","DOI":"10.5281/ZENODO.5004445","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021",6,21]]},"language":"de","license":"Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International, Open Access","publisher":"Zenodo","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Lehrentwicklung by Openess – Open Educational Resources im Hochschulkontext. Dokumentation der Tagung vom 06. März 2021","type":"book","URL":"https://zenodo.org/record/5004445"},
  {"id":"gabellinilooerihdtv0m22021a","abstract":"<strong>Inhaltsverzeichnis</strong> Lehrentwicklung by Openness – OER im Hochschulkontext. Vorwort OER in Hochschulen: Ein passendes Verhältnis? Zur Einleitung Towards OER. Etablierung einer OER-orientierten Digitalisierungsstrategie an der Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg. Iris Groß, Katja Kluth, Susanne Kundmüller-Bianchini und Andrea Schröder OER an Hochschulen verankern. Erfahrungen aus dem Zentralen Repositorium für OER der Hochschulen in Baden-Württemberg (ZOERR). Michèle Menkor und Tatjana Spaeth Das Landesportal ORCA.nrw. Eine Plattform – 37 Hochschulen – ein Netzwerk. Cornelia Eube, Alexander Kobusch, Florian Rosenthal, Elisabeth Scherer und Magdalena Spaude OER-Zertifikate für Lehrende und Hochschulen. Kompetenzen und Aktivitäten sichtbar machen. Sandra Schön, Martin Ebner, Gerhard Brandhofer, Elfriede Berger, Ortrun Gröblinger, Tanja Jadin, Michael Kopp und Hans-Peter Steinbacher Rechtssicherheit schaffen im Umgang mit OER. OER-Policy und -Handreichung der ZHAW. Nicole Krüger und Salome Nesme Dezentral bereitstellen – zentral finden. Zur Umsetzung hochschulübergreifender OER-Angebote. Ortrun Gröblinger, Raman Ganguly, Claudia Hackl, Michael Kopp und Martin Ebner Producing OER with convOERter. First Evaluation and Feedback. Lubna Ali and Ulrik Schroeder OER finden, nutzen und kollaborativ weiterentwickeln. Dateiformate, Metadaten und Open Science Repositorien. Bruno Wenk «Die Lehre von morgen gestalten». Werkstattbericht zum Projekt Virtuelle Akademie. Tina Maurer, Patrick Lachenmeier und Ioana Gatzka «tOgEthR Moodle». Trainieren, verwenden und weiterentwickeln. Cäsar Künzi und Danilo Olbrecht OER Weiterbildung für Hochschuldozierende. Ein kritischer Blick. Sabrina Gallner und Maaike Kuurstra Lehrentwicklung by Openness. OER verankern, Notwendigkeit oder Widerspruch?! Monika Wyss Open Educational Resources (OERs): A Response to Rising Textbook Costs. Difficulties in the Transition Process to OERs Through the Lens of Mezirow’s Theory of Transformative Learning. Andreas Rambow Blended Learning. Offene Online-Kurse integrieren. Cinzia Gabellini Kollaborative Auseinandersetzung mit Videos. Erfahrungen mit TRAVIS GO in der Hochschullehre. Elke Schlote und Cristina Pileggi Unterrichtsmaterialien aus Masterarbeiten als OER publizieren. Die IdeenSets der Pädagogischen Hochschule Bern. Fabienne Döbeli, Cornelia Epprecht, Silvia Sterchi, Anita Eicher und Pascal Piller Mehr OER im Mathematikunterricht. Verankerung von OER in einem Lehramts-Mastermodul. Marvin Titz Selbstbestimmtes, nachhaltiges Lernen mit OER in der Lehramtsausbildung. Ein Beispiel von Blended Learning Materialien für die inklusive Pädagogik. Frank J. Müller und Anna Zimmermann Phasenübergreifende Lehrkräftebildung mit und durch OER. Thesen und Impulse für eine vernetzte Lehrkräftebildung. Ronny Röwert und Matthias Kostrzewa «Das Postulat OER in der Hochschullandschaft verankern». Panel-Diskussion. Martin Ebner, Ricarda T.D. Reimer, Matthias Stürmer, Franziska Imboden und Peter Tremp","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Gabellini","given":"Cinzia"},{"family":"Gallner","given":"Sabrina"},{"family":"Imboden","given":"Franziska"},{"family":"Kuurstra","given":"Maaike"},{"family":"Tremp","given":"Peter"}],"citation-key":"gabellinilooerihdtv0m22021a","DOI":"10.5281/ZENODO.5004445","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021",6,21]]},"language":"de","license":"Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International, Open Access","publisher":"Zenodo","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Lehrentwicklung by Openess – Open Educational Resources im Hochschulkontext. Dokumentation der Tagung vom 06. März 2021","type":"book","URL":"https://zenodo.org/record/5004445"},
  {"id":"gaisergtbtstw2008","citation-key":"gaisergtbtstw2008","collection-title":"Medien in der Wissenschaft","editor":[{"family":"Gaiser","given":"Birgit"},{"family":"Hampel","given":"Thorsten"},{"family":"Panke","given":"Stefanie"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2008"]]},"source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Good tags - bad tags: social Tagging in der Wissensorganisation","title-short":"Good tags - bad tags","type":"book","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200626054238/https://www.pedocs.de/volltexte/2017/12758/pdf/Gaiser_Hampel_Panke_2008_Good_tags_bad_tags.pdf","volume":"47"},
  {"id":"gantertihfbui2022","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Gantert","given":"Klaus"},{"family":"Lauber-Reymann","given":"Margrit"}],"citation-key":"gantertihfbui2022","DOI":"10.1515/9783110673272","ISBN":"978-3-11-067327-2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022",12,5]]},"language":"de","publisher":"De Gruyter","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Informationsressourcen: Ein Handbuch für Bibliothekare und Informationsspezialisten","title-short":"Informationsressourcen","type":"book","URL":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110673272/html"},
  {"id":"gantertioafoer2022","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"citation-key":"gantertioafoer2022","container-author":[{"family":"Gantert","given":"Klaus"},{"family":"Lauber-Reymann","given":"Margrit"}],"container-title":"Informationsressourcen","DOI":"10.1515/9783110673272-017","ISBN":"978-3-11-067327-2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022",12,5]]},"language":"de","page":"351-382","publisher":"De Gruyter","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"IV Open Access, Forschungsdaten, Open Educational Resources","type":"chapter","URL":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110673272-017/html"},
  {"id":"garissoncitecche2000","author":[{"family":"Garisson","given":"D."},{"family":"Anderson","given":"T."},{"family":"Archer","given":"W."}],"citation-key":"garissoncitecche2000","container-title":"The Internet and Higher Education","issue":"2-3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2000"]]},"page":"87-105","title":"Critical Inquiry in a Text-Based Environment. Computer Conferencing in Higher Education","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://web.archive.org/web/20240301135013/https://operations.du.edu/sites/default/files/2020-05/Garrison_Anderson_Archer_Critical_Inquiry_model.pdf","volume":"2"},
  {"id":"garoufalloumsr1icm2ven2d2rsp2022","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"citation-key":"garoufalloumsr1icm2ven2d2rsp2022","collection-title":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","DOI":"10.1007/978-3-030-98876-0","editor":[{"family":"Garoufallou","given":"Emmanouel"},{"family":"Ovalle-Perandones","given":"María-Antonia"},{"family":"Vlachidis","given":"Andreas"}],"event-place":"Cham","ISBN":"978-3-030-98875-3 978-3-030-98876-0","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022"]]},"language":"en","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","publisher-place":"Cham","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Metadata and Semantic Research: 15th International Conference, MTSR 2021, Virtual Event, November 29 – December 3, 2021, Revised Selected Papers","title-short":"Metadata and Semantic Research","type":"book","URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-98876-0","volume":"1537"},
  {"id":"garoufalloumsr1rcm2lun12rsp2023","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"citation-key":"garoufalloumsr1rcm2lun12rsp2023","collection-title":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","DOI":"10.1007/978-3-031-39141-5","editor":[{"family":"Garoufallou","given":"Emmanouel"},{"family":"Vlachidis","given":"Andreas"}],"event-place":"Cham","ISBN":"978-3-031-39140-8 978-3-031-39141-5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"language":"en","publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","publisher-place":"Cham","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Metadata and Semantic Research: 16th Research Conference, MTSR 2022, London, UK, November 7–11, 2022, Revised Selected Papers","title-short":"Metadata and Semantic Research","type":"book","URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-39141-5","volume":"1789"},
  {"id":"genschelsiiwis1995","author":[{"family":"Genschel","given":"Philipp"}],"citation-key":"genschelsiiwis1995","collection-number":"22","collection-title":"Schriften des Max-Planck-Instituts für Gesellschaftsforschung, Köln","edition":"1","event-place":"Frankfurt/Main","ISBN":"978-3-593-35425-5","issued":{"date-parts":[["1995"]]},"language":"ger","number-of-pages":"237","publisher-place":"Frankfurt/Main","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Standards in der Informationstechnik: institutioneller Wandel in der internationalen Standardisierung","title-short":"Standards in der Informationstechnik","type":"book","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200606011342/https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/209613/1/mpifg-bd-22.pdf"},
  {"id":"georgerorse2019","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,22]]},"author":[{"family":"George","given":"Gina"},{"family":"Lal","given":"Anisha M."}],"citation-key":"georgerorse2019","container-title":"Computers & Education","container-title-short":"Computers & Education","DOI":"10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103642","ISSN":"03601315","issued":{"date-parts":[["2019",12]]},"language":"en","page":"103642","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Review of ontology-based recommender systems in e-learning","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360131519301952","volume":"142"},
  {"id":"giesbersmemcea2007","author":[{"family":"Giesbers","given":"B."},{"family":"Bruggen","given":"J.","non-dropping-particle":"van"},{"family":"Hermans","given":"H."},{"family":"Joosten-ten Brinke","given":"D."},{"family":"Burgers","given":"J."},{"family":"Koper","given":"R."},{"family":"Latour","given":"I."}],"citation-key":"giesbersmemcea2007","container-title":"Educational Technology & Society","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2007"]]},"page":"237-247","title":"Towards a methodology for educational modelling: a case in educational assessment","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170809144414/http://www.ifets.info/journals/10_1/21.pdf","volume":"10"},
  {"id":"gillilandss2016","author":[{"family":"Gilliland","given":"Anne J."}],"call-number":"QA76.9.D3 I599 2016","citation-key":"gillilandss2016","container-title":"Introduction to metadata","edition":"Third edition","editor":[{"family":"Baca","given":"Murtha"}],"event-place":"Los Angeles","ISBN":"978-1-60606-479-5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]},"publisher":"Getty Research Institute","publisher-place":"Los Angeles","source":"Library of Congress ISBN","title":"Setting the Stage","type":"chapter","URL":"https://www.getty.edu/publications/intrometadata/setting-the-stage/"},
  {"id":"glaboniatpdgerlkkmnaabbcc2010","citation-key":"glaboniatpdgerlkkmnaabbcc2010","edition":"Nachdr.","editor":[{"family":"Glaboniat","given":"Manuela"},{"family":"Europarat","given":""}],"event-place":"Berlin","ISBN":"978-3-468-49410-9","issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]},"language":"ger","number-of-pages":"240","publisher":"Langenscheidt","publisher-place":"Berlin","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Profile deutsch: gemeinsamer europäischer Referenzrahmen ; Lernzielbestimmungen, Kannbeschreibungen, kommunikative Mittel ; Niveau A1 - A2, B1 - B2, C1 - C2","title-short":"Profile deutsch","type":"book"},
  {"id":"goertzmiiiwswfwzebimudirii2023","abstract":"In diesem Paper geht es um eine Darstellung und Empfehlung von Metadatenstandards für den Bereich der beruflichen Weiterbildung. Die Standards wurden bottom-up in mehreren Workshops durch Projekte aus dem Innovationswettbewerb INVITE des BMBF diskutiert und auf dieser Basis ausgewählt. (DIPF/Orig.)","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,12]]},"author":[{"family":"Goertz","given":"Lutz"},{"family":"Rashid","given":"Sheikh Faisal"},{"family":"Vogel-Adham","given":"Elke"},{"family":"Vogt","given":"Andrea"},{"family":"Wilhelm-Weidner","given":"Arno"}],"citation-key":"goertzmiiiwswfwzebimudirii2023","contributor":[{"literal":"DIPF | Leibniz-Institut für Bildungsforschung und Bildungsinformation"},{"literal":"INVITE meta"},{"literal":"VDI|VDE|IT"},{"literal":"mmb Institut – Gesellschaft für Medien- und Kompetenzforschung mbH"}],"DOI":"10.25656/01:27177","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"language":"de","license":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International","publisher":"mmb Institut GmbH : Essen","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Metadatenstandards im Innovationswettbewerb INVITE. Welche Standards werden für welchen Zweck eingesetzt? Ein Beitrag von INVITE Meta und der Digitalbegleitung im Rahmen des Innovationswettbewerbs INVITE","title-short":"Metadatenstandards im Innovationswettbewerb INVITE. Welche Standards werden für welchen Zweck eingesetzt?","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.pedocs.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=27177"},
  {"id":"goertzmsgfpiiwsauwpcimdtmrfgfpi2023","abstract":"In diesem Paper geht es um eine Darstellung und Empfehlung von Metadatenstandards für den Bereich der beruflichen Weiterbildung. Die Standards wurden bottom-up in mehreren Workshops durch Projekte aus dem Innovationswettbewerb INVITE des BMBF diskutiert und auf dieser Basis ausgewählt.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Goertz","given":"Lutz"},{"family":"Rashid","given":"Sheikh Faisal"},{"family":"Vogel-Adham","given":"Elke"},{"family":"Vogt","given":"Andrea"},{"family":"Wilhelm-Weidner","given":"Arno"}],"citation-key":"goertzmsgfpiiwsauwpcimdtmrfgfpi2023","contributor":[{"literal":"DIPF | Leibniz-Institut für Bildungsforschung und Bildungsinformation"},{"literal":"INVITE meta"},{"literal":"VDI|VDE|IT"},{"literal":"mmb Institut – Gesellschaft für Medien- und Kompetenzforschung mbH"}],"DOI":"10.25656/01:27697","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"language":"en","license":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International","publisher":"mmb Institut GmbH : Essen","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Metadata standards in the German funding program \"Innovationswettbewerb INVITE\". Which standards are used for which purpose? A contribution by INVITE Meta and the Digitalbegleitung (technological monitoring and research) within the framework of the German funding program INVITE","title-short":"Metadata standards in the German funding program \"Innovationswettbewerb INVITE\". Which standards are used for which purpose?","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.pedocs.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=27697"},
  {"id":"goldmanlphlco2020","abstract":"Learning Pathways - 1 - How Learning Is Culturally Organized","author":[{"family":"Goldman","given":"Na’ilah Suad Nasir","suffix":"Maxine McKinney de Royston, Brigid Barron, Phillip Bell, Roy Pea, Reed Stevens, Shelley"}],"citation-key":"goldmanlphlco2020","container-title":"Handbook of the Cultural Foundations of Learning","ISBN":"978-0-203-77497-7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]},"number-of-pages":"17","publisher":"Routledge","title":"Learning Pathways: How Learning Is Culturally Organized","title-short":"Learning Pathways","type":"chapter"},
  {"id":"goltzi2wbuz4jgfig1202b2012","citation-key":"goltzi2wbuz4jgfig1202b2012","contributor":[{"family":"Goltz","given":"Ursula"},{"family":"Ehrich","given":"Hans-Dieter"}],"event-place":"Bonn","ISBN":"978-3-88579-602-2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2012"]]},"language":"eng","note":"OCLC: 1015818670","publisher":"Ges. für Informatik","publisher-place":"Bonn","source":"Open WorldCat","title":"Informatik 2012 Was bewegt uns in der/die Zukunft? 42. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. (GI); 16.-21.09.2012 in Braunschweig]","title-short":"Informatik 2012 Was bewegt uns in der/die Zukunft?","type":"book"},
  {"id":"golubtrkosfua2014","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,19]]},"author":[{"family":"Golub","given":"Koraljka"},{"family":"Tudhope","given":"Douglas"},{"family":"Zeng","given":"Marcia Lei"},{"family":"Žumer","given":"Maja"}],"citation-key":"golubtrkosfua2014","container-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","container-title-short":"Asso for Info Science & Tech","DOI":"10.1002/asi.23090","ISSN":"2330-1635, 2330-1643","issue":"9","issued":{"date-parts":[["2014",9]]},"language":"en","page":"1901-1916","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Terminology registries for knowledge organization systems: Functionality, use, and attributes","title-short":"Terminology registries for knowledge organization systems","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.23090","volume":"65"},
  {"id":"gomez-zermenotoerpsii2015","abstract":"Temoa is a distributor of knowledge that provides a multilingual public catalog of collections of Open Educational Resources (OER). Temoa seeks to support the educational community to find the resources and materials that meet their needs for teaching and learning, through a specialized search system and collaborative social tools. Temoa was established after the need to expand educational coverage in the world, and specifically in developing countries. This paper aims to analyze the system of classification and metadata schemes of Temoa. Interviews were carried out to obtain information. Results shows Temoa’s cataloging process: reviewing OER design, form, and content; the actors participating in the process. We conclude that Temoa is a useful tool that helps to integrate OER into teaching practices, encouraging Knowledge Transfer and Dissemination of innovative educational strategies.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Gómez-Zermeño","given":"Marcela Georgina"},{"family":"De La Garza","given":"Lorena Yadira Alemán"}],"citation-key":"gomez-zermenotoerpsii2015","container-title":"Open Praxis","DOI":"10.5944/openpraxis.7.3.211","ISSN":"2304-070X, 1369-9997","issue":"3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2015",7,1]]},"language":"en","page":"211","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Temoa: An Open Educational Resources Portal to seek, investigate and inquire","title-short":"Temoa","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://openpraxis.org/article/10.5944/openpraxis.7.3.211/","volume":"7"},
  {"id":"gormanmam2004","archive":"https://archive.org/details/metadataapplicat0000unse/","citation-key":"gormanmam2004","collection-number":"2003/2004","collection-title":"International yearbook of library and information management","editor":[{"family":"Gorman","given":"G. E."},{"family":"Dorner","given":"D."}],"event-place":"London","ISBN":"978-1-85604-474-5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2004"]]},"language":"eng","number-of-pages":"359","publisher":"Facet","publisher-place":"London","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Metadata applications and management","type":"book"},
  {"id":"goschlbergermlrmse2020","abstract":"Digital learning resources are becoming increasingly important, especially in times of COVID-19 home schooling. To align resources with educational objectives defined in school curricula, we need ways to describe and relate them. In this work, we present a new data model, a data management workflow and a prototypical information system enabling annotators to describe learning resources using the terminology and structure, while maintaining applicability in other contexts through transcription. Preliminary evaluation results with metadata curators show that our model is well-suited to efficiently model secondary education curricula. Provided that future evaluations with content creators, teachers and learners yield positive results, our model may enable curriculum specific learning analytics, search and recommendation without the need to annotate resources for each curriculum.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Göschlberger","given":"Bernhard"},{"family":"Dopler","given":"Fabian"},{"family":"Brandstetter","given":"Christoph"}],"citation-key":"goschlbergermlrmse2020","container-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services","DOI":"10.1145/3428757.3429148","event-place":"Chiang Mai Thailand","event-title":"iiWAS '20: The 22nd International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services","ISBN":"978-1-4503-8922-8","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020",11,30]]},"language":"en","page":"462-466","publisher":"ACM","publisher-place":"Chiang Mai Thailand","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Managing Learning Resource Metadata for Secondary Education","type":"paper-conference","URL":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3428757.3429148"},
  {"id":"griffithspeqfep2023","abstract":"This report provides the results of the evaluation of the ENCORE+ Quality Transparency Framework (ENCORE QTF). The QTF enables repositories to make their quality practices visible and explicit, and is described in ENCORE+ deliverable D5.2. The QTF was developed through extensive consultation with the OER community as part of the activities of the ENCORE+ project. The report provides the results of the evaluation of the ENCORE+ Quality Transparency Framework (ENCORE QTF).  This instrument enables repositories to make their quality practices visible and explicit, and is described in ENCORE+ deliverable D5.2. The QTF was developed through extensive consultation with the OER community as part of the activities of the ENCORE+ project. The two main purposes of the QTF are to make the quality practice of an OER repository visible to users (e.g. learners and teachers), and to enable repositories to share and jointly develop their quality practices on the base of and through a shared metadata framework.\nThe evaluation reengages with the OER community to establish if the QTF that emerged from the consultation process meets their expectations and requirements. Six extended interviews were carried out with representatives of repositories. The interviews were carried out remotely by a representative of the ENCORE+ project. Each interviewee completed the QTF for their own repository, and responded to questions about the QTF. The results were documented by the interviewer summarising the interviewees' responses during the interview and entering them into the shared document.\nThe results show that completion of the QTF form did not present any substantial challenges to any of the interviewees. However, a number of improvements were identified and the QTF has been adapted in response to these findings. Respondents were positive about the opportunities presented by the QTF for increasing the transparency of repositories' QA practices. Transparency offers were seen as, firstly, a measure that could increase trust in repositories and their contents, and secondly as a means of sharing practice between repositories, and providing a resource for the development of individual repositories QA practices. Some respondents also saw the QTF as a possible route to an OER repository quality mark or badge. The results of the evaluation also provide a useful starting point for the design of an infrastructure to support the sharing of QA processes between repositories and for repository stakeholders. A potential constraint on the adoption of such an infrastructure is that the QTF is not, at present, equally appropriate for all types of repositories.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,19]]},"author":[{"family":"Griffiths","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"Burgos","given":"David"},{"family":"Aceto","given":"Stefania"}],"citation-key":"griffithspeqfep2023","DOI":"10.5281/ZENODO.10184200","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,1]]},"language":"en-US","title":"Piloting the ENCORE+Quality Framework - Encore+ Project","type":"report","URL":"https://encoreproject.eu/2023/12/01/piloting-the-encorequality-framework/"},
  {"id":"grubereotiswissais2004","author":[{"family":"Gruber","given":"Thomas"}],"citation-key":"grubereotiswissais2004","collection-title":"SIGSEMIS Bulletin","issue":"3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2004"]]},"title":"Every Ontology is a Treaty. Interview for Semantic Web and Information Systems SIG of the Association for Information Systems.","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230921233201*/http://tomgruber.org:80/writing/sigsemis-2004.pdf","volume":"1"},
  {"id":"grubertapos1993","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,6]]},"author":[{"family":"Gruber","given":"Thomas"}],"citation-key":"grubertapos1993","container-title":"Knowledge Acquisition","container-title-short":"Knowledge Acquisition","DOI":"10.1006/knac.1993.1008","ISSN":"10428143","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["1993",6]]},"language":"en","page":"199-220","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"A translation approach to portable ontology specifications","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1042814383710083","volume":"5"},
  {"id":"grunwaldcgrloaswes2007","author":[{"family":"Grunwald","given":"Sabine"},{"family":"Reddy","given":"Konda"}],"citation-key":"grunwaldcgrloaswes2007","issued":{"date-parts":[["2007",1]]},"title":"Concept Guide on Reusable Learning Objects with Application to Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230702050304/https://ecolearnit.ifas.ufl.edu/documentation/concept_guide.pdf"},
  {"id":"hareqsdpo2020","abstract":"Libraries continue to spearhead initiatives to incentivize instructors to adopt, adapt, and create open educational resources (OER). However, these programs often do not explicitly require educators to preserve the OER they create. Drawing on an analysis of semi-structured interviews with six experts, this article presents considerations for libraries interested in preserving OER and recommendations for OER librarians who are new to digital preservation. The study makes an argument for why and how libraries could begin to preserve OER. Future areas of investigation include better understanding how OER repositories preserve such resources and how consortia models can support this work.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Hare","given":"Sarah"},{"family":"Sullivan","given":"Madison"}],"citation-key":"hareqsdpo2020","container-title":"portal: Libraries and the Academy","container-title-short":"portal","DOI":"10.1353/pla.2020.0036","ISSN":"1530-7131","issue":"4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]},"language":"en","page":"749-773","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"A Qualitative Study on the Digital Preservation of OER","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/766319","volume":"20"},
  {"id":"haslergdhkmfat2015","abstract":"Ein Geschäftsmodell ist die Verknüpfung einzelner Elemente zu der ganzheitlichen Logik einer nutzenstiftenden Wertschöpfung, die ein Unternehmen für sich selbst, gegenüber seinen Kunden, Partnern und anderen Interessengruppen erbringt. Ein nachhaltiges Geschäftsmodell kann die Quelle eines strategischen Wettbewerbsvorteils sein. Eine Klassifizierung der Modelle zeigt Möglichkeiten auf, wie ein Unternehmen in der Industrie agieren kann. Der vorliegende Ansatz umfasst neun Komponenten der Daten-Geschäftsmodelle: Datensammlung, Datendigitalisierung, Datenanalyse, Datenarchivierung, Datenteilung, Datenkombination, Datenverkauf, Datenzugriff und Daten-Consulting. Hinzu kommen die 'Enabler' Datensicherheit und Datenübertragung. Das Modell fokussiert sich zum einen auf den Datenfluss von der Kreation bis zur Verarbeitung, zum anderen auf Schlüsselkomponenten, wie Ressourcen, Aktivitäten, Kanäle oder Kundenbeziehung. Es dient zur Weiterentwicklung, Innovation, Analyse und für Vergleiche. Ein Innovationsansatz für Geschäftsmodelle umfasst eine Analyse des Status Quo auf Basis einer Klassifizierungsmatrix, einer Umweltanalyse und dem Einsatz von Stufenmodellen. Auf dieser Basis ist es möglich Ideen zu generieren und diese in Experimenten zu testen, zu Prototypen weiterzuentwickeln und in Szenarien zu simulieren. Die Testung des Modells findet mit Hilfe von vier Fallstudien aus der Fahrzeugtelematik statt: PAYD-/PHYD-Versicherungen, Remote Diagnose, Car Sharing und Flottenmanagement","author":[{"family":"Hasler","given":"Daniel"}],"citation-key":"haslergdhkmfat2015","event-place":"Hamburg","ISBN":"978-3-95850-814-9","issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]},"language":"ger","note":"OCLC: 935853618","publisher":"Diplomica-Verl","publisher-place":"Hamburg","source":"Open WorldCat","title":"Geschäftsmodelle der Datenindustrie Herleitung eines Klassifizierungsansatzes mit Fallbeispielen aus der Telematik","type":"book"},
  {"id":"hattievlss1mra2023","abstract":"\"When the original Visible Learning published in 2008 it instantly became a publishing sensation. Interest in the book was unparalleled; it sold out in days and was described by the TES as revealing 'teaching's Holy Grail'. Now John Hattie returns to this ground-breaking work. The research underlying this book is now informed by more than 2,100 meta-analyses (more than double that of the original), drawn from more than 130,000 studies and involving more than 400 million students from all around the world. But this is more than just a new edition. This book is a sequel that highlights the major story, taking in the big picture to reflect on the implementation in schools of Visible Learning, how it has been understood - and at times misunderstood - and what future directions research should take. Visible Learning: The Sequel reiterates the author's desire to move beyond claiming \"what works\" to \"what works best\" by asking crucial questions such as: Why is the current 'grammar of schooling', so embedded in so many classrooms and can we improve it? Why is the learning curve for teachers after the first few years so flat? How can we develop teacher mind-frames to focus more on learning and listening? How can we incorporate research evidence as part of the discussions within schools? Areas covered include: - The evidence base and reactions to Visible Learning - The Visible Learning model - The intentional alignment of learning and teaching strategies - The influence of home, students, teachers, classrooms, schools, learning and curriculum on achievement - The impact of technology Building upon the success of original, this highly anticipated sequel expands Hattie's model of teaching and learning based on evidence of impact and is essential reading for anyone involved in the field of education either as a researcher, teacher, student, school leader, teacher trainer or policy maker\"--","author":[{"family":"Hattie","given":"John"}],"call-number":"LB1060 .H389 2023","citation-key":"hattievlss1mra2023","edition":"First edition","event-place":"London ; New York, NY","ISBN":"978-1-07-191701-5 978-1-03-246203-5 978-1-03-246202-8","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"number-of-pages":"497","publisher":"Routledge","publisher-place":"London ; New York, NY","source":"Library of Congress ISBN","title":"Visible learning, the sequel: a synthesis of over 2,100 meta-analyses relating to achievement","title-short":"Visible learning, the sequel","type":"book"},
  {"id":"haynesmimrumiu2018","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,2]]},"author":[{"family":"Haynes","given":"David"}],"citation-key":"haynesmimrumiu2018","DOI":"10.29085/9781783302161","edition":"1","ISBN":"978-1-78330-216-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2018",1,10]]},"publisher":"Facet","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Metadata for Information Management and Retrieval: Understanding metadata and its use","title-short":"Metadata for Information Management and Retrieval","type":"book","URL":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781783302161/type/book"},
  {"id":"hbzocos2024","author":[{"family":"hbz","given":""},{"family":"TIB","given":""}],"citation-key":"hbzocos2024","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"title":"OERSI. Connecting OER Sources","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240205105827/https://oersi.org/resources/pages/de/docs/sources/"},
  {"id":"heathldewgds2011","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,27]]},"author":[{"family":"Heath","given":"Tom"},{"family":"Bizer","given":"Christian"}],"citation-key":"heathldewgds2011","collection-title":"Synthesis Lectures on the Semantic Web: Theory and Technology","DOI":"10.1007/978-3-031-79432-2","edition":"1","event-place":"Cham","ISBN":"978-3-031-79431-5 978-3-031-79432-2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2011"]]},"language":"en","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","publisher-place":"Cham","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Linked Data: Evolving the Web into a Global Data Space","title-short":"Linked Data","type":"book","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240123093308/http://linkeddatabook.com/editions/1.0/"},
  {"id":"heckdoiecoer2020","abstract":"Abstract\n            Open informational ecosystems play a crucial role in fostering open educational resources (OER) and allow new opportunities to share and collaborate in the learning and teaching environment. Such ecosystems containing interoperable infrastructures and open interfaces aim at fulfilling user needs and fostering practices related to the concept of OER and the five user rights (5 R’s). To fully embrace this role, those ecosystems need to be designed carefully.\n            In this paper, we discuss implications for open informational ecosystems to fully comprise the concept of OER and related user needs. We carried out literature reviews to analyse recent aspects of the 5 R’s in relation to user behaviour and infrastructures. We will introduce the results from these reviews and illustrate upcoming questions and challenges for the design of an ecosystem respecting the 5 R’s conceptual ideas. With our recommendations, we aim at contributing to a better understanding of the concept of OER to improve ecosystem development and implement useful and user-friendly functions.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,18]]},"author":[{"family":"Heck","given":"Tamara"},{"family":"Kullmann","given":"Sylvia"},{"family":"Hiebl","given":"Johannes"},{"family":"Schröder","given":"Nadine"},{"family":"Otto","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"Sander","given":"Pia"}],"citation-key":"heckdoiecoer2020","container-title":"Open Education Studies","DOI":"10.1515/edu-2020-0130","ISSN":"2544-7831","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020",1,1]]},"page":"252-646","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Designing Open Informational Ecosystems on the Concept of Open Educational Resources","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/edu-2020-0130/html","volume":"2"},
  {"id":"heinenrichardfrsoie2020","abstract":"The paper describes the concept of a federated ecosystem for Open Educational Resources (OER) in the German education system. Here, a variety of OER repositories (ROER) (Muuß-Merholz & Schaumburg, 2014) and reference platforms have been established in the recent past. In order to develop this ecosystem, not only are metadata standards necessary, but also open Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are required in order to exchange information. In conclusion, it is essential that all relevant stakeholders agree on an explicit policy to be developed collaboratively. A metadata exchange service can serve to connect all partners. (DIPF/Orig.)","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,2]]},"author":[{"literal":"Heinen, Richard"},{"literal":"Kerres, Michael"},{"literal":"Scharnberg, Gianna"},{"literal":"Blees, Ingo"},{"literal":"Rittberger, Marc"}],"citation-key":"heinenrichardfrsoie2020","DOI":"10.25656/01:18241","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020",6,29]]},"language":"en","license":"Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International","publisher":"Ubiquity press","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"A federated reference structure for open informational ecosystems","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.pedocs.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=18241"},
  {"id":"herrera-cubidesiodetare2022","abstract":"Nowadays, information and communication technologies (ICTs) and virtual training have increased the use of educational resources. This growth use has highlighted educational resource reuse and availability problems. Resource descriptions adapted to particular needs and the lack of metadata enrichment taking advantage of the benefits provided by the Semantic Web are some examples of these problems. The purpose of this paper is to expose an enhanced and interoperable set of metadata elements for describing OER (Open Educational Resources), which takes full advantage of the Openness and data enrichment. In this research, requirements such as data quality dimensions, Linked Data, and mapping into RDF (Resource Description Framework) Graph, have been taken into account to pro‑vide well‐described, available, reusable and enriched OER, in addition, to display them as Linked Data. These features contribute to the educational field strengthen the processes of Opening, Availability, Reuse, and Linking OER. In a nutshell, these features are neces‑sary to facilitate innovative educational settings. Finally, this improved OER description can be extrapolated to other countries, serving as a potential Opening and reuse guidelines to publish OER on both applications and LOD (Linked Open Data) Cloud.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Herrera-Cubides","given":"Jhon Francined"},{"family":"Gaona-García","given":"Paulo Alonso"},{"family":"Montenegro-Marín","given":"Carlos Enrique"},{"family":"Sánchez-Alonso","given":"Salvador"}],"citation-key":"herrera-cubidesiodetare2022","container-title":"Education and Information Technologies","container-title-short":"Educ Inf Technol","DOI":"10.1007/s10639-021-10641-w","ISSN":"1360-2357, 1573-7608","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022",3]]},"language":"en","page":"1811-1839","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Improving OER descriptions to enhance their availability, reuse, and enrichment","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10639-021-10641-w","volume":"27"},
  {"id":"herringhtpckte2016","call-number":"LB1028.3 .H356 2016","citation-key":"herringhtpckte2016","edition":"Second edition","editor":[{"family":"Herring","given":"Mary C."},{"family":"Mishra","given":"Punya"},{"family":"Koehler","given":"Matthew J."}],"event-place":"New York, NY","ISBN":"978-1-138-77938-9 978-1-138-77939-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]},"number-of-pages":"328","publisher":"Routledge","publisher-place":"New York, NY","source":"Library of Congress ISBN","title":"Handbook of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) for educators","type":"book"},
  {"id":"heyerdsudvl2006","author":[{"family":"Heyer","given":"Susanne"}],"citation-key":"heyerdsudvl2006","collection-title":"Forschungsberichte des Fachbereichs Elektrotechnik & Informationstechnik","issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]},"note":"ISSN 0945-0130","number":"1","title":"Didaktische Szenarien und deren Verhältnis zu Lernmaterialien","type":"report","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170809110721/https://www.fernuni-hagen.de/imperia/md/content/fakultaetfuermathematikundinformatik/forschung/berichteetit/forschungsbericht_1_2006.pdf"},
  {"id":"heyervlnpg2005","author":[{"family":"Heyer","given":"Susanne"}],"citation-key":"heyervlnpg2005","collection-title":"Forschungsberichte des Fachbereichs Elektrotechnik & Informationstechnik","issued":{"date-parts":[["2005"]]},"note":"ISSN 0945-0130","number":"9","title":"Vergleich von Lernobjektmodellen nach pädagogischen Gesichtspunkten","type":"report","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170809112117/https://www.fernuni-hagen.de/imperia/md/content/fakultaetfuermathematikundinformatik/forschung/berichteetit/forschungsbericht_9_2005.pdf"},
  {"id":"hillmayrdmimuseuuw2017","abstract":"Die Verwendung digitaler Medien in Schule und Unterricht ist längst nicht mehr neu, doch Routine ist sie nicht. Für Lehrkräfte wie auch Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler stellt sich die Frage: Haben digitale Medien überhaupt einen Nutzen und welchen Mehrwert bringen sie für das Lehren und Lernen? Antworten auf Fragen nach Einsatzmöglichkeiten, der Umsetzung und Wirksamkeit digitaler Medien im Bildungsbereich sind sowohl für Forschung und Politik von großem Interesse als auch für Lehrkräfte. Diese Broschüre gibt einen Überblick über den Stand der Forschung und zeigt aktuelle Befunde zu Bedingungen und Erfolgsfaktoren digitalen Lehrens und Lernens im Sekundarschulbereich auf. Darüber hinaus wird der Einsatz digitaler Medien in den MINT-Fächern anhand von fachspezifischen Anwendungsbeispielen veranschaulicht. Die Broschüre richtet sich an alle, die sich für digitale Medien im Unterricht interessieren und insbesondere dafür, wie, wann und warum sie sich positiv auf die Lernleistung auswirken können","author":[{"family":"Hillmayr","given":"Delia"},{"family":"Reinhold","given":"Frank"},{"family":"Ziernwald","given":"Lisa"},{"family":"Reiss","given":"Kristina"}],"citation-key":"hillmayrdmimuseuuw2017","editor":[{"family":"Zentrum für Internationale Bildungsvergleichsstudien","given":""}],"event-place":"Münster","ISBN":"978-3-8309-3766-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]},"language":"de","number-of-pages":"28","publisher":"Waxmann","publisher-place":"Münster","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Digitale Medien im mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht der Sekundarstufe: Einsatzmöglichkeiten, Umsetzung und Wirksamkeit","title-short":"Digitale Medien im mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht der Sekundarstufe","type":"book"},
  {"id":"hodginsflo2002","author":[{"family":"Hodgins","given":"H. Wayne"}],"citation-key":"hodginsflo2002","collection-title":"ECI Symposium Series","container-title":"e-Technologies in Engineering Education: Learning Outcomes Providing Future Possibilities","editor":[{"family":"Lohmann","given":"Jack R."},{"family":"Corradini","given":"Michael L."}],"event-place":"Davos, Schweiz","issued":{"date-parts":[["2002"]]},"publisher-place":"Davos, Schweiz","title":"The Future of Learning Objects","type":"paper-conference","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230509070915/https://dc.engconfintl.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1012&context=etechnologies"},
  {"id":"hoppecmalkbc2017","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,12]]},"author":[{"family":"Hoppe","given":"H. Ulrich"}],"citation-key":"hoppecmalkbc2017","container-title":"Handbook of Learning Analytics","DOI":"10.18608/hla17.002","edition":"First","editor":[{"literal":"Columbia University, USA"},{"family":"Lang","given":"Charles"},{"family":"Siemens","given":"George"},{"literal":"University of Texas at Arlington, USA"},{"family":"Wise","given":"Alyssa"},{"literal":"New York University, USA"},{"family":"Gasevic","given":"Dragan"},{"literal":"University of Edinburgh, UK"}],"ISBN":"978-0-9952408-0-3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]},"page":"23-33","publisher":"Society for Learning Analytics Research (SoLAR)","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Computational Methods for the Analysis of Learning and Knowledge Building Communities","type":"chapter","URL":"https://solaresearch.org/hla-17/hla17-chapter2"},
  {"id":"horodyskimm2022","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Horodyski","given":"John"}],"citation-key":"horodyskimm2022","DOI":"10.1201/9781003189732","edition":"1","event-place":"Boca Raton","ISBN":"978-1-00-318973-2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022",3,1]]},"language":"en","publisher":"Auerbach Publications","publisher-place":"Boca Raton","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Metadata matters","type":"book","URL":"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003189732"},
  {"id":"iberersfe2002","author":[{"family":"Iberer","given":"Ulrich"},{"family":"Müller","given":"Ulrich"}],"citation-key":"iberersfe2002","container-title":"Werkstatt für Neue Lernkultur","issued":{"date-parts":[["2002"]]},"title":"Sozialformen für E-Learning","type":"post-weblog","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070819235857/https://www.neue-lernkultur.de/publikationen/sozialformen-elearning.pdf"},
  {"id":"ieee111islom2020","abstract":"Abstract: A conceptual data schema that defines the structure of a metadata instance for a learning object is specified in this standard. For this standard, a learning object is defined as any entity, digital or non-digital, that is used for learning, education, or training; a metadata instance for a learning object describes relevant characteristics of the learning object to which it applies. Such characteristics can be regrouped in general, life cycle, meta-metadata, educational, technical, educational, rights, relation, annotation, and classification categories. The conceptual data schema defined in this standard specifies the data elements of which a metadata instance for a learning object is composed and allows for linguistic diversity of both learning objects and the metadata instances that describe them. It is intended that this standard will be referenced by other standards that will define the implementation descriptions of the data schema, so that a metadata instance for a learning object can be used by a learning technology system to manage, locate, evaluate, or exchange learning objects.","author":[{"family":"IEEE","given":""}],"citation-key":"ieee111islom2020","DOI":"10.1109/IEEESTD.2020.9262118","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]},"language":"en","source":"Zotero","title":"1484.12.1-2020 - IEEE Standard for Learning Object Metadata","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9262118"},
  {"id":"ieeeisltmrcd2008","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,30]]},"author":[{"family":"IEEE","given":""}],"citation-key":"ieeeisltmrcd2008","DOI":"10.1109/IEEESTD.2008.4445693","ISBN":"9780738156958","issued":{"date-parts":[["2008"]]},"publisher":"IEEE","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"IEEE Standard for Learning Technology-Data Model for Reusable Competency Definitions","type":"report","URL":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4445693/"},
  {"id":"ieeelml2024","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,15]]},"author":[{"family":"IEEE","given":""}],"citation-key":"ieeelml2024","container-title":"GitLab","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"language":"en","title":"Learning Metadata (LMT)","type":"webpage","URL":"https://opensource.ieee.org/lmt/lmt"},
  {"id":"ieeeppd2020","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,15]]},"author":[{"family":"IEEE","given":""}],"citation-key":"ieeeppd2020","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]},"note":"Beschreibung des Projektes zur Erarbeitung des Standards Learning Metadata.\nBezeichnung von LOM als outdated","title":"P2881 - Project Definition","type":"webpage","URL":"https://development.standards.ieee.org/myproject-web/public/view.html#pardetail/8290"},
  {"id":"imranpplors2016","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,22]]},"author":[{"family":"Imran","given":"Hazra"},{"family":"Belghis-Zadeh","given":"Mohammad"},{"family":"Chang","given":"Ting-Wen"},{"literal":"Kinshuk"},{"family":"Graf","given":"Sabine"}],"citation-key":"imranpplors2016","container-title":"Vietnam Journal of Computer Science","container-title-short":"Vietnam J Comput Sci","DOI":"10.1007/s40595-015-0049-6","ISSN":"2196-8888, 2196-8896","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2016",2]]},"language":"en","page":"3-13","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"PLORS: a personalized learning object recommender system","title-short":"PLORS","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40595-015-0049-6","volume":"3"},
  {"id":"ingavelez-guerrauameeslr2023","abstract":"E-learning environments constitute an essential element in education, as they help students to ensure their pass their courses and graduate on time. Although guidelines, techniques, and methods have been presented in some literature in recent years to contribute to the development of accessible e-learning environments that promote digital inclusion, their implementation is challenging. In this context, the use of accessibility metadata not only provides a way to enhance the description of adapted educational resources but also facilitates their search according to the needs and preferences of students, in particular those with disabilities. In this paper, a systematic review was conducted in order to provide the state of the art regarding the use of accessibility metadata in e-learning environments. A total of 746 documents were found during the period from 2012 to 2019, of which 31 were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria relevant to our review. The findings revealed an intensive use of models and standards of accessibility in e-learning environments, however, using accessibility metadata remains underused. In fact, the evaluation of accessibility and adaptability through the use of its metadata was not found. The findings obtained also helped to establish challenges and opportunities in this research field as well as to provide an overview that could support those who generate educational resources to keep their interest in making them accessible.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Ingavélez-Guerra","given":"Paola"},{"family":"Otón-Tortosa","given":"Salvador"},{"family":"Hilera-González","given":"José"},{"family":"Sánchez-Gordón","given":"Mary"}],"citation-key":"ingavelez-guerrauameeslr2023","container-title":"Universal Access in the Information Society","container-title-short":"Univ Access Inf Soc","DOI":"10.1007/s10209-021-00851-x","ISSN":"1615-5289, 1615-5297","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023",6]]},"language":"en","page":"445-461","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"The use of accessibility metadata in e-learning environments: a systematic literature review","title-short":"The use of accessibility metadata in e-learning environments","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10209-021-00851-x","volume":"22"},
  {"id":"isaiaspiicwi2apn22003","citation-key":"isaiaspiicwi2apn22003","editor":[{"family":"Isaías","given":"Pedro"},{"family":"International Association for Development of the Information Society","given":""}],"event-place":"Algarve","ISBN":"978-972-98947-1-8","issued":{"date-parts":[["2003"]]},"language":"eng","publisher-place":"Algarve","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference WWW/Internet 2003: Algarve, Portugal, November 5 - 8, 2003","title-short":"Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference WWW/Internet 2003","type":"book"},
  {"id":"ismailmapdd2009","abstract":"This paper focuses on a novel method for semantic searching and retrieval of information about learning materials. Metametadata encapsulate metadata instances by using the properties and attributes provided by ontologies rather than describing learning objects. A novel metametadata taxonomy has been developed which provides the basis for a semantic search engine to extract, match and map queries to retrieve relevant results. The use of ontological views is a foundation for viewing the pedagogical content of metadata extracted from learning objects by using the pedagogical attributes from the metametadata taxonomy. Using the ontological approach and metametadata (based on the metametadata taxonomy) we present a novel semantic searching mechanism.These three strands – the taxonomy, the ontological views, and the search algorithm – are incorporated into a novel architecture (OMESCOD) which has been implemented.","author":[{"family":"Ismail","given":"A"},{"family":"Joy","given":"M S"},{"family":"Sinclair","given":"J E"},{"family":"Hamzah","given":"M I"}],"citation-key":"ismailmapdd2009","issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]},"language":"en","source":"Zotero","title":"A Metametadata Architecture for Pedagogic Data Description","type":"article-journal"},
  {"id":"issingsmmuiethoiwta1j2tuds2002","citation-key":"issingsmmuiethoiwta1j2tuds2002","collection-number":"16","collection-title":"Medien in der Wissenschaft","editor":[{"family":"Issing","given":"Ludwig J."}],"event-place":"Münster München Berlin","ISBN":"978-3-8309-1103-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2002"]]},"language":"ger eng","number-of-pages":"157","publisher":"Waxmann","publisher-place":"Münster München Berlin","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Studieren mit Multimedia und Internet: Ende der traditionellen Hochschule oder Innovationsschub? ; [wissenschaftliche Tagung, die am 12. Juli 2001 an der Technischen Universität Darmstadt ... stattfand]","title-short":"Studieren mit Multimedia und Internet","type":"book"},
  {"id":"issingvuuvhauk2002","citation-key":"issingvuuvhauk2002","collection-number":"16","collection-title":"Medien in der Wissenschaft","container-title":"Studieren mit Multimedia und Internet: Ende der traditionellen Hochschule oder Innovationsschub? ; [wissenschaftliche Tagung, die am 12. Juli 2001 an der Technischen Universität Darmstadt ... stattfand]","editor":[{"family":"Issing","given":"Ludwig J."},{"family":"Schulmeister","given":"Rolf"}],"event-place":"Münster München Berlin","ISBN":"978-3-8309-1103-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2002"]]},"language":"ger eng","page":"129-145","publisher":"Waxmann","publisher-place":"Münster München Berlin","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Virtuelle Universitäten und die Virtualisierung der Hochschulausbildung - Argumente und Konsequenzen","type":"chapter"},
  {"id":"iwwb-infowebweiterbildungdp1wuwimufd2023","citation-key":"iwwb-infowebweiterbildungdp1wuwimufd2023","editor":[{"family":"IWWB - InfoWeb Weiterbildung","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"title":"DIN PAS 1045 - Weiterbildungsdatenbanken und Weiterbildungsinformationssysteme - Inhaltliche Merkmale und Formate zum Datenaustausch","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230930231636/https://www.iwwb.de/information/DIN-PAS-1045-Weiterbildungsdatenbanken-und-Weiterbildungsinformationssysteme-Inhaltliche-Merkmale-und-Formate-zum-Datenaustausch-weiterbildung-55.html"},
  {"id":"jaaskelainencvdem2010","abstract":"Controlled Vocabularies for DDI 3: Enhancing Machine-Actionability","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Jaaskelainen","given":"Taina"},{"family":"Moschner","given":"Meinhard"},{"family":"Wackerow","given":"Joachim"}],"citation-key":"jaaskelainencvdem2010","container-title":"IASSIST Quarterly","container-title-short":"IQ","DOI":"10.29173/iq649","ISSN":"0739-1137, 0739-1137","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2010",11,11]]},"language":"en","page":"34","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Controlled Vocabularies for DDI 3: Enhancing Machine-Actionability","title-short":"Controlled Vocabularies for DDI 3","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://iassistquarterly.com/index.php/iassist/article/view/649","volume":"33"},
  {"id":"jamalidlses2018","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,19]]},"author":[{"family":"Jamali","given":"A."},{"family":"Mohamad","given":"M."}],"citation-key":"jamalidlses2018","container-title":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series","container-title-short":"J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.","DOI":"10.1088/1742-6596/1049/1/012055","ISSN":"1742-6588, 1742-6596","issued":{"date-parts":[["2018",7]]},"page":"012055","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Dimensions of Learning Styles among Engineering Students","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1049/1/012055","volume":"1049"},
  {"id":"jebaliosmea2013","abstract":"In this paper we describes our approach for automatic generation of learning objects’ semantic metadata. The extraction process is based on the OBIE (Ontology Based Information Extraction) systems’ principles. The input of our approach is a set of IEEE LOM metadata elements in conformance with two requirements. First, each data element must describe the educational content of the learning object. Second, it must be one of the data elements frequently filled by the learning objects’ authors and required by most of the LOM application profiles. Concerning the outputs, each one is a couple of a domain concept (from domain ontology) and a degree of pertinence. Moreover we present the details concerning the integration of our approach to learning objects’ repositories by taking the COLORS repository as example. In fact the ultimate goal behind our approach is the improvement of repositories’ services by offering semantic metadata.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Jebali","given":"Baraa"},{"family":"Farhat","given":"Ramzi"}],"citation-key":"jebaliosmea2013","container-title":"2013 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Software Applications","DOI":"10.1109/ICEESA.2013.6578408","event-place":"Hammamet, Tunisia","event-title":"2013 International Conference On Electrical Engineering and Software Applications (ICEESA)","ISBN":"978-1-4673-6301-3 978-1-4673-6302-0 978-1-4673-6300-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2013",3]]},"language":"en","page":"1-5","publisher":"IEEE","publisher-place":"Hammamet, Tunisia","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Ontology-based semantic metadata extraction approach","type":"paper-conference","URL":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6578408/"},
  {"id":"jemnioeom2017","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"citation-key":"jemnioeom2017","collection-title":"Lecture Notes in Educational Technology","DOI":"10.1007/978-3-662-52925-6","editor":[{"family":"Jemni","given":"Mohamed"},{"literal":"Kinshuk"},{"family":"Khribi","given":"Mohamed Koutheair"}],"event-place":"Berlin, Heidelberg","ISBN":"978-3-662-52923-2 978-3-662-52925-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]},"language":"en","publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","publisher-place":"Berlin, Heidelberg","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Open Education: from OERs to MOOCs","title-short":"Open Education","type":"book","URL":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-662-52925-6"},
  {"id":"jevsikovaardfplsrm2017","abstract":"The paper is aimed to present a methodology of learning personalisation based on applying Resource Description Framework (RDF) standard model. Research results are two-fold: first, the results of systematic literature review on Linked Data, RDF “subject-predicate-object” triples, and Web Ontology Language (OWL) application in education are presented, and, second, RDF triples-based learning personalisation methodology is proposed. The review revealed that OWL, Linked Data, and triples-based RDF standard model could be successfully used in education. On the other hand, although OWL, Linked Data approach and RDF standard model are already well-known in scientific literature, only few authors have analysed its application to personalise learning process, but many authors agree that OWL, Linked Data and RDF-based learning personalisation trends should be further analysed. The main scientific contribution of the paper is presentation of original methodology to create personalised RDF triples to further development of corresponding OWL-based ontologies and recommender system. According to this methodology, RDF-based personalisation of learning should be based on applying students’ learning styles and intelligent technologies. The main advantages of this approach are analyses of interlinks between students’ learning styles according to Felder-Silverman learning styles model and suitable learning components (learning objects and learning activities). There are three RDF triples used while creating the methodology: “student’s learning style – requires – suitable learning objects”, “student’s learning style – requires – suitable learning activities”, and “suitable learning activities – require –suitable learning objects”. In the last triple, “suitable learning activities” being the object in the 2nd triple, becomes the subject in the 3rd triple. The methodology is based on applying pedagogically sound vocabularies of learning components (i.e. learning objects and learning activities), experts’ collective intelligence to identify learning objects and learning methods / activities that are most suitable for particular students, and intelligent technologies (i.e. ontologies and recommender system). This methodology based on applying personalised RDF triples is aimed at improving learning quality and effectiveness.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Jevsikova","given":"Tatjana"},{"family":"Berniukevičius","given":"Andrius"},{"family":"Kurilovas","given":"Eugenijus"}],"citation-key":"jevsikovaardfplsrm2017","container-title":"Informatics in Education","DOI":"10.15388/infedu.2017.04","ISSN":"1648-5831, 2335-8971","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2017",4,15]]},"language":"en","page":"61-82","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Application of Resource Description Framework to Personalise Learning: Systematic Review and Methodology","title-short":"Application of Resource Description Framework to Personalise Learning","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://infedu.vu.lt/doi/10.15388/infedu.2017.04","volume":"16"},
  {"id":"jihilplpmcal1996","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,13]]},"author":[{"family":"Jih","given":"Hueyching Janice"}],"citation-key":"jihilplpmcal1996","container-title":"Journal of Network and Computer Applications","container-title-short":"Journal of Network and Computer Applications","DOI":"10.1006/jnca.1996.0025","ISSN":"10848045","issue":"4","issued":{"date-parts":[["1996",10]]},"language":"en","page":"367-380","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"The impact of learners' pathways on learning performance in multimedia Computer Aided Learning","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1084804596900259","volume":"19"},
  {"id":"jimeneziglesiasessrkec2018","author":[{"family":"Jimenez Iglesias","given":"M."},{"family":"Faury","given":"M."},{"family":"Iuliani","given":"E."},{"family":"Billon","given":"N."},{"family":"Gras-Velazquez","given":"A."}],"citation-key":"jimeneziglesiasessrkec2018","collection-title":"European Schoolnet","event-place":"Brüssel","issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]},"publisher-place":"Brüssel","title":"European STEM Schools Report: Key Elements and Criteria","type":"book","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220120094830/https://files.eun.org/STEMSchoolLabel/STEM-School-elements_and_critera_full_report.pdf"},
  {"id":"jingrlalebsrp222023","abstract":"Adaptive learning is an approach toward personalized learning and places the concept of “learner-centered education” into practice. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and other technologies in recent years, there have been many breakthroughs in adaptive learning. Thus, it is important to gain insight into the evolution of related research and to track the research frontiers to further promote its development. This study used CiteSpace and VOSviewer to conduct a bibliometric analysis of 644 adaptive learning journal papers indexed in the WoS database from 2000 to 2022. This study presented a general view of the field of adaptive learning research over the last two decades using quantitative analysis. Currently, adaptive learning research is rapidly developing. In terms of the major research forces, a core group of authors including Qiao J. F., Han H. G. and Song Q has been formed; the major publishing country in this field is China; the core publishing journals include IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems. Four major research topics in this field were identified using cluster analysis, namely the application of deep learning in educational data analysis, the development and application of adaptive learning model in AI education, the development and application of intelligent tutoring system in tutoring and teaching, cutting-edge modeling technology for feature modeling and knowledge tracing. Through evolution analyses, the logic of adaptive learning research’s development was determined; that is, technological changes have played a key role in the development of this field. Following the logic, we presented three frontiers of adaptive learning with burst terms: feature extraction, adaptation model and computational modeling. Adaptive learning is a core research topic for both computer science and educational technology disciplines, and it is also an important field where emerging technologies empowering education and teaching can play a part. The findings of the study clearly presented the current research status, evolutionary logic and research frontiers of this topic, which can provide references for the further development of this research field.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,12]]},"author":[{"family":"Jing","given":"Yuhui"},{"family":"Zhao","given":"Leying"},{"family":"Zhu","given":"Keke"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Haoming"},{"family":"Wang","given":"Chengliang"},{"family":"Xia","given":"Qi"}],"citation-key":"jingrlalebsrp222023","container-title":"Sustainability","container-title-short":"Sustainability","DOI":"10.3390/su15043115","ISSN":"2071-1050","issue":"4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023",2,8]]},"language":"en","page":"3115","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Research Landscape of Adaptive Learning in Education: A Bibliometric Study on Research Publications from 2000 to 2022","title-short":"Research Landscape of Adaptive Learning in Education","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/4/3115","volume":"15"},
  {"id":"jointly.infokifoer2024","author":[{"family":"JOINTLY.info","given":""}],"citation-key":"jointly.infokifoer2024","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"title":"Künstliche Intelligenz für Open Educational Resources","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240220144519/https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iq8P5cpeDnjhYF5vNRBsyM27hEG1IP7oupH22hR-KJs/edit"},
  {"id":"jointly.infokmbos2020","author":[{"family":"JOINTLY.info","given":""}],"citation-key":"jointly.infokmbos2020","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]},"title":"Konsistenz der Metadaten beim OER-Remix sicherstellen","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240205145638/https://jointly.eduloop.de/loop/Such-_und_Informationsm%C3%B6glichkeiten_nach_und_zu_OER"},
  {"id":"jointly.infosuinuo2021","author":[{"family":"JOINTLY.info","given":""}],"citation-key":"jointly.infosuinuo2021","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]},"title":"Such- und Informationsmöglichkeiten nach und zu OER","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240205145638/https://jointly.eduloop.de/loop/Such-_und_Informationsm%C3%B6glichkeiten_nach_und_zu_OER"},
  {"id":"jointly.infowmoabmj","abstract":"Link zu diesem Dokument:https://kurzelinks.de/oer-bereitstellen    Wie können Online-Lerninhalte auffind- und nachnutzbar bereitgestellt werden? Übersicht zu Good Practices für Bildungseinrichtungen und Einzelpersonen     Wer fragt - mit welchen Rahmenbedingungen?\t3 Wie entstand dieses ...","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,12]]},"author":[{"family":"JOINTLY.info","given":""}],"citation-key":"jointly.infowmoabmj","language":"de-DE","note":"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1N7n5WFg-hIbbVfAmJjuX6ezOaoiaSdh5FrZqQ5SV19Y/edit","title":"Wie man OER-Material auffindbar bereitstellt (Metadaten) (JOINTLY)","type":"webpage","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240219151948/https://docs.google.com/document/d/1N7n5WFg-hIbbVfAmJjuX6ezOaoiaSdh5FrZqQ5SV19Y/edit"},
  {"id":"junkerlufmvl2022","abstract":"Die Analyse von Unterrichtsvideos ist zu einer erfolgreich und vielfältig genutzten Methode in der Lehrkräftebildung geworden. Sie vermag wie keine andere Methode die Unterrichtspraxis in ihrer Authentizität zu veranschaulichen und zugleich in ihrer Komplexität zu untersuchen. Dazu sind in den letzten Jahren innovative Videoportale mit Lehrkonzepten und über 1800 aussagekräftigen Unterrichtsvideos entstanden, die das Spektrum an Schulformen, Fächern und Unterrichts(qualitäts)dimensionen abdecken. Deren Nutzung, Evaluation und Einsatz in Lehrveranstaltungen werden im vorliegenden Sammelband vorgestellt, ebenso das Meta-Videoportal, über das die Unterrichtsvideos und Begleitmaterialien für alle Akteurinnen und Akteure der Lehrkräftebildung gesucht und genutzt werden können. Ein konzeptueller state-of-the-art Überblick und ein Review aktueller videobasierter Projekte zum Lehren und Forschen mit Videos in der Lehrkräftebildung vervollständigen den Sammelband.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"citation-key":"junkerlufmvl2022","DOI":"10.31244/9783830995111","editor":[{"family":"Junker","given":"Robin"},{"family":"Zucker","given":"Verena"},{"family":"Oellers","given":"Manuel"},{"family":"Rauterberg","given":"Till"},{"family":"Konjer","given":"Sabrina"},{"family":"Meschede","given":"Nicola"},{"family":"Holodynski","given":"Manfred"}],"ISBN":"978-3-8309-4511-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022",4,28]]},"language":"de","publisher":"Waxmann Verlag GmbH","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Lehren und Forschen mit Videos in der Lehrkräftebildung","type":"book","URL":"https://www.waxmann.com/buch4511"},
  {"id":"junkermunfl2022","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Junker","given":"Robin"},{"family":"Oellers","given":"Manuel"},{"family":"Konjer","given":"Sabrina"},{"family":"Rauterberg","given":"Till"},{"family":"Zucker","given":"Verena"},{"family":"Meschede","given":"Nicola"},{"family":"Holodynski","given":"Manfred"}],"citation-key":"junkermunfl2022","container-title":"Lehren und Forschen mit Videos in der Lehrkräftebildung","DOI":"10.31244/9783830995111","editor":[{"family":"Junker","given":"Robin"},{"family":"Zucker","given":"Verena"},{"family":"Oellers","given":"Manuel"},{"family":"Rauterberg","given":"Till"},{"family":"Konjer","given":"Sabrina"},{"family":"Meschede","given":"Nicola"},{"family":"Holodynski","given":"Manfred"}],"ISBN":"978-3-8309-4511-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022",4,28]]},"language":"de","publisher":"Waxmann Verlag GmbH","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Das Meta-Videoportal unterrichtsvideos.net für die Lehrkräftebildung","type":"chapter","URL":"https://www.waxmann.com/buch4511"},
  {"id":"jyothirsaiblppls2012","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,19]]},"author":[{"family":"Jyothi","given":"Nava"},{"family":"Bhan","given":"Kaveri"},{"family":"Mothukuri","given":"Uday"},{"family":"Jain","given":"Sandesh"},{"family":"Jain","given":"Dhanander"}],"citation-key":"jyothirsaiblppls2012","container-title":"2012 IEEE Fourth International Conference on Technology for Education","DOI":"10.1109/T4E.2012.51","event-place":"Hyderabad, India","event-title":"2012 IEEE Fourth International Conference on Technology for Education (T4E)","ISBN":"978-1-4673-2173-0 978-0-7695-4759-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2012",7]]},"page":"228-230","publisher":"IEEE","publisher-place":"Hyderabad, India","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"A Recommender System Assisting Instructor in Building Learning Path for Personalized Learning System","type":"paper-conference","URL":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6305977/"},
  {"id":"k.o.sgmbhe2023","author":[{"family":"k.o.s GmbH","given":""}],"citation-key":"k.o.sgmbhe2023","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"title":"EduScanPro","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231203040012/https://weitergelernt.de/eduscanpro/"},
  {"id":"kabudiaalssml2021","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,12]]},"author":[{"family":"Kabudi","given":"Tumaini"},{"family":"Pappas","given":"Ilias"},{"family":"Olsen","given":"Dag Håkon"}],"citation-key":"kabudiaalssml2021","container-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence","container-title-short":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence","DOI":"10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100017","ISSN":"2666920X","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]},"language":"en","page":"100017","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"AI-enabled adaptive learning systems: A systematic mapping of the literature","title-short":"AI-enabled adaptive learning systems","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666920X21000114","volume":"2"},
  {"id":"kaminskienemetetstpbshe2023","abstract":"This study was based on the concept of teacher professional vision, in which professional reasoning plays a crucial role, and investigated how video with gaze overlay and heatmaps from the mobile eye tracker can support teachers’ professional self-reflection and professional vision development in higher education. Four university teachers wore a mobile eye tracker in a segment of one lecture. Their gaze distribution on classroom targets was analyzed together with their reflective comments when watching the recordings of their own behavior in the lecture. The results showed that mobile eye tracking data provided feedback on the distribution of teacher attention in different areas in the classroom and between students. Visualization of gaze distribution as heatmaps allowed teachers to reflect on how they perceived their gaze allocation and most of them realized that sometimes there was a difference between how they perceived their gaze allocation and how it was captured by the eye tracker. The study revealed where teachers most often diverted their attention, which encouraged them to reflect on why this happened, to think about their professional reasoning, and to analyze opportunities for improvement. Therefore, the heatmap analysis based on the data collected with the mobile eye trackers could be used to develop the professional vision of teachers in different educational contexts for engaging students through more balanced attention to every student in the classroom. Implications for using mobile eye tracker recording and gaze distribution heatmaps in video-based professional development for teachers are discussed.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,22]]},"author":[{"family":"Kaminskienė","given":"Lina"},{"family":"Horlenko","given":"Kateryna"},{"family":"Matulaitienė","given":"Jovita"},{"family":"Ponomarenko","given":"Tetiana"},{"family":"Rutkienė","given":"Aušra"},{"family":"Tandzegolskienė-Bielaglovė","given":"Ilona"}],"citation-key":"kaminskienemetetstpbshe2023","container-title":"Frontiers in Education","container-title-short":"Front. Educ.","DOI":"10.3389/feduc.2023.1209856","ISSN":"2504-284X","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023",7,21]]},"page":"1209856","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Mobile eye tracking evoked teacher self-reflection about teaching practices and behavior towards students in higher education","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2023.1209856/full","volume":"8"},
  {"id":"kammerlcl2000","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,3]]},"citation-key":"kammerlcl2000","DOI":"10.1515/9783486803846","editor":[{"family":"Kammerl","given":"Rudolf"}],"ISBN":"978-3-486-25400-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2000",12,31]]},"publisher":"DE GRUYTER","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Computerunterstütztes Lernen","title-short":"Computerunterstütztes Lernen","type":"book","URL":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783486803846/html"},
  {"id":"keindorfkfladke2021","author":[{"family":"Keindorf","given":"Sophie"},{"family":"Kammerer","given":"Lisa"},{"family":"Kochseder","given":"Kathrin"},{"family":"Welter","given":"Maximilian"}],"citation-key":"keindorfkfladke2021","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]},"title":"Kompetenz-Badges für das k.o.s LearningLab. Anerkennung digitaler Kompetenzen in der Erwachsenenbildung","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220702042243/https://weitergelernt.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/2021_Badges-kLL_Konzept.pdf"},
  {"id":"kennedymmawona2008","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,7]]},"author":[{"family":"Kennedy","given":"Patricia"}],"citation-key":"kennedymmawona2008","container-title":"The Australian Library Journal","container-title-short":"The Australian Library Journal","DOI":"10.1080/00049670.2008.10722461","ISSN":"0004-9670, 2201-4276","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2008",5]]},"language":"en","page":"128-146","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Manifestations of metadata: from Alexandria to the Web – old is new again","title-short":"Manifestations of metadata","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00049670.2008.10722461","volume":"57"},
  {"id":"kerresdcvmznmadc2003","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"citation-key":"kerresdcvmznmadc2003","editor":[{"family":"Kerres","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Voß","given":"Britta"}],"event-place":"Münster","ISBN":"9783830912880","issued":{"date-parts":[["2003"]]},"language":"de","license":"Deutsches Urheberrecht","publisher":"Waxmann : Münster ; New York ; München ; Berlin","publisher-place":"Münster","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Digitaler Campus: Vom Medienprojekt zur nachhaltigen Mediennutzung auf dem Digitalen Campus","type":"book","URL":"https://www.pedocs.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=12269"},
  {"id":"kerreseizhndl2019","abstract":"An den Hochschulen entstehen zunehmend digitale Lehr- und Lernmaterialien, sei es durch Initiative einzelner Lehrkräfte oder motiviert durch Fördermaßnahmen innerhalb einer Hochschule oder von außerhalb. Diese Materialien werden – hoffentlich – erfolgreich und über mehrere Semester in der Lehreinheit eingesetzt, in der diese Materialien entstanden sind. Doch es bleibt die Frage, ob und wie die Nutzung außerhalb dieses engeren Entstehungszusammenhangs stattfindet bzw. unter welchen Bedingungen diese Dissemination befördert werden kann?","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,4]]},"author":[{"family":"Kerres","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Hölterhof","given":"Tobias"},{"family":"Gianna","given":""},{"family":"Schröder","given":"Nadine"}],"citation-key":"kerreseizhndl2019","collection-title":"Synergie. Fachmagazin für Digitalisierung in der Lehre","DOI":"10.25592/ISSN2509-3096.007.014","editor":[{"family":"Mayrberger","given":"Kerstin"}],"ISSN":"2509-3096","issue":"07","issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]},"language":"de","license":"CC BY-ND 4.0","publisher":"Universität Hamburg","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"EduArc. Eine Infrastruktur zur hochschulübergreifenden Nachnutzung digitaler Lernmaterialien","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.synergie.uni-hamburg.de/publikationen/fachmagazin-synergie.html"},
  {"id":"kerresoiemlsre2015","abstract":"Open educational resources are not available “as such”. Their provision relies on a technological infrastructure of related services that can be described as an informational ecosystem. A closed informational ecosystem keeps educational resources within its boundary. An open informational ecosystem relies on the concurrence of independent stakeholders that jointly provide (meta-) information also beyond its boundaries. Mechanisms of open informational ecosystems are described and how they contribute to the delivery of educational resources and to opening education. The paper describes the case of the German Bildungsserver that aims at establishing a federated network of providers of open and closed educational resources. It points out that the design of (inter-)national informational ecosystems has a major influence on the future of open educational resources in education.","author":[{"family":"Kerres","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Heinen","given":"Richard"}],"citation-key":"kerresoiemlsre2015","container-title":"The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning","issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]},"page":"24-39","title":"Open Informational Ecosystems: The missing link for sharing resources for education","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/2008","volume":"16"},
  {"id":"kerresralapid2020","abstract":"As tools for AI-enhanced human learning, recommender systems support learners in finding materials and sequencing learning paths. The paper explores how these recommenders improve the learning experience from a perspective of instructional design. It analyzes mechanisms underlying current recommender systems, and it derives concrete examples of how they operate: Recommenders are either expert-, criteria-, behavior-, or profile-based or rely on social comparisons. To verify this classification of five different mechanisms, we analyze a set of current publications on recommenders and find all the identified mechanisms with profile-based approaches as the most common. Social recommenders, though highly attractive in other sectors, reveal some drawbacks in the context of learning. In comparison, expert-based recommendations are easy to implement and often stand out as simple but effective ways for suggesting learning materials and learning paths to learners. They can be combined with other approaches based on social comparisons and individual profiles. The paper points out challenges in studying recommenders for learning and provides suggestions for future research.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,6]]},"author":[{"family":"Kerres","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Buntins","given":"Katja"}],"citation-key":"kerresralapid2020","container-title":"Open Education Studies","DOI":"10.1515/edu-2020-0119","ISSN":"2544-7831","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020",1,1]]},"language":"en","license":"De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.","page":"101-111","publisher":"De Gruyter Open Access","source":"www.degruyter.com","title":"Recommender in AI-enhanced Learning: An Assessment from the Perspective of Instructional Design","title-short":"Recommender in AI-enhanced Learning","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/edu-2020-0119/html","volume":"2"},
  {"id":"khorsrrlaspl2024","abstract":"Personalized learning is becoming more important in today’s diverse classrooms. It is a strategy that tailors instruction to each student’s abilities and interests. The benefits of personalized learning include students’ enhanced motivation and academic success. The average teacher-to-student ratio in classes is 1:15.3, making it challenging for teachers to identify each student’s areas of strength (or weakness). Learning analytics (LA), which has recently revolutionized education by making it possible to gather and analyze vast volumes of student data to enhance the learning process, has the potential to fill the need for personalized learning environments. The convergence of these two fields has, therefore, become an important area for research. The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review to understand the ways in which LA can support personalized learning as well as the challenges involved. A total of 40 articles were included in the final review of this study, and the findings demonstrated that LA could support personalized instruction at the individual, group, and structural levels with or without teacher intervention. It can do so by (1) gathering feedback on students’ development, skill level, learning preferences, and emotions; (2) classifying students; (3) building feedback loops with continuously personalized resources; (4) predicting performance; and (5) offering real-time insights and visualizations of classroom dynamics. As revealed in the findings, the prominent challenges of LA in supporting personalized learning were the accuracy of insights, opportunity costs, and concerns of fairness and privacy. The study could serve as the basis for future research on personalizing learning with LA.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,12]]},"author":[{"family":"Khor","given":"Ean Teng"},{"family":"K","given":"Mutthulakshmi"}],"citation-key":"khorsrrlaspl2024","container-title":"Education Sciences","container-title-short":"Education Sciences","DOI":"10.3390/educsci14010051","ISSN":"2227-7102","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"language":"en","page":"51","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"A Systematic Review of the Role of Learning Analytics in Supporting Personalized Learning","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7102/14/1/51","volume":"14"},
  {"id":"kimswuvzsm2024","abstract":"Werkzeuge und Verfahren zur Standardisierung von OER-Metadaten","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,15]]},"author":[{"family":"KIM","given":""}],"citation-key":"kimswuvzsm2024","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"language":"en-US","title":"StöberSpecs – Werkzeuge und Verfahren zur Standardisierung von Metadaten","type":"webpage","URL":"https://w3id.org/kim/stoeberspecs/"},
  {"id":"kirkpatrickwcagw2023","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,18]]},"author":[{"family":"Kirkpatrick","given":"Andrew"},{"family":"Connor","given":"Joshue"},{"family":"Campbell","given":"Alastair"},{"family":"Cooper","given":"Michael"}],"citation-key":"kirkpatrickwcagw2023","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"title":"Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1","type":"webpage","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240317002639/https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/"},
  {"id":"klaustilpraepfsp2018","abstract":"Scientific peer review is still the most common system for fund allocation despite having been shown in multiple instances to lack accuracy in identifying the most meritorious applications among high quality ones. This study evaluates two aspects of the selection process of the top- ranked applicants to the EMBO Long-Term Fellowship program in 2007. First, the accuracy of the system is evaluated by comparing the level of career progression of the candidates in 2017 with the original award decisions made in 2007. The second aspect, explores the relationship of career progression with indicators derived from the information available to evaluators at the time of application. The results obtained suggest that the peer review system is not substantially better than random selection in identifying the best candidates once an initial pre-selection of the most promising ones is performed. Not only that, the analysis of the indicators studied, some of which have not been analyzed in detail in the past, suggests that among other potential sources of uncertainty, the information available at the time of application is not sufficiently predictive of career progression. As previously described, however, we find differences in career progression between men and women. We propose a new mixed model of fellowship evaluation in which peer review is used to select high quality applications, and random allocation of funds is subsequently used to award fellowships among these top ranked candidates.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,19]]},"author":[{"family":"Klaus","given":"Bernd"},{"family":"Alamo","given":"David","dropping-particle":"del"}],"citation-key":"klaustilpraepfsp2018","DOI":"10.1101/481655","issued":{"date-parts":[["2018",12,8]]},"language":"en","license":"© 2018, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), CC BY-NC 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/","page":"481655","publisher":"bioRxiv","section":"New Results","source":"bioRxiv","title":"Talent Identification at the limits of Peer Review: an analysis of the EMBO Postdoctoral Fellowships Selection Process","title-short":"Talent Identification at the limits of Peer Review","type":"article","URL":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/481655v2"},
  {"id":"klebldrecpimec2010","abstract":"As education providers increasingly integrate digital learning media into their education processes, the need for the systematic management of learning materials and learning arrangements becomes clearer. Digital repositories, often called Learning Object Repositories (LOR), promise to provide an answer to this challenge. This article is composed of two parts. In this part, we derive technological and pedagogical requirements for LORs from a concretization of information quality criteria for e-learning technology. We review the evolution of learning object repositories and discuss their core features in the context of pedagogical requirements, information quality demands, and e-learning technology standards. We conclude with an outlook in Part 2, which presents concrete technical solutions, in particular networked repository architectures.","author":[{"family":"Klebl","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Krämer","given":"Bernd J."}],"citation-key":"klebldrecpimec2010","container-title":"eleed","ISSN":"1860-7470","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]},"title":"Distributed Repositories for Educational Content. Part 1: Information Management for Educational Content","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0009-5-27716","volume":"7"},
  {"id":"klebldrecpt2010","abstract":"In Part 1 of this article we discussed the need for information quality and the systematic management of learning materials and learning arrangements. Digital repositories, often called Learning Object Repositories (LOR), were introduced as a promising answer to this challenge. We also derived technological and pedagogical requirements for LORs from a concretization of information quality criteria for e-learning technology. This second part presents technical solutions that particularly address the demands of open education movements, which aspire to a global reuse and sharing culture. From this viewpoint, we develop core requirements for scalable network architectures for educational content management. We then present edu-sharing, an advanced example of a network of homogeneous repositories for learning resources, and discuss related technology. We conclude with an outlook in terms of emerging developments towards open and networked system architectures in e-learning.","author":[{"family":"Klebl","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Krämer","given":"Bernd J."},{"family":"Zobel","given":"Annett"},{"family":"Hupfer","given":"Matthias"},{"family":"Lukaschik","given":"Christian"}],"citation-key":"klebldrecpt2010","container-title":"eleed","ISSN":"1860-7470","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]},"title":"Distributed Repositories for Educational Content. Part 2: Technology","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0009-5-27748","volume":"7"},
  {"id":"kleblhbzuibbauope2015","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,6]]},"citation-key":"kleblhbzuibbauope2015","DOI":"10.3278/6004431w","editor":[{"family":"Klebl","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Popescu-Willigmann","given":"Silvester"}],"event-place":"Bielefeld","ISBN":"978-3-7639-5558-9","issued":{"date-parts":[["2015",8,31]]},"language":"de","publisher":"wbv Publikation","publisher-place":"Bielefeld","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Handbuch Bildungsplanung: Ziele und Inhalte beruflicher Bildung auf unterrichtl., organisationaler & politischer Ebene","title-short":"Handbuch Bildungsplanung","type":"book","URL":"https://www.wbv.de/artikel/6004431w"},
  {"id":"kmkaa2023","author":[{"family":"KMK","given":""}],"citation-key":"kmkaa2023","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"title":"Anerkennung der Abschlüsse","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240130091905/https://www.kmk.org/themen/allgemeinbildende-schulen/lehrkraefte/anerkennung-der-abschluesse.html"},
  {"id":"knighttla2017","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,12]]},"author":[{"family":"Knight","given":"Simon"},{"family":"Buckingham Shum","given":"Simon"}],"citation-key":"knighttla2017","container-title":"Handbook of Learning Analytics","DOI":"10.18608/hla17.001","edition":"First","editor":[{"literal":"Columbia University, USA"},{"family":"Lang","given":"Charles"},{"family":"Siemens","given":"George"},{"literal":"University of Texas at Arlington, USA"},{"family":"Wise","given":"Alyssa"},{"literal":"New York University, USA"},{"family":"Gasevic","given":"Dragan"},{"literal":"University of Edinburgh, UK"}],"ISBN":"978-0-9952408-0-3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2017",5]]},"page":"17-22","publisher":"Society for Learning Analytics Research (SoLAR)","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Theory and Learning Analytics","type":"chapter","URL":"https://solaresearch.org/hla-17/hla17-chapter1"},
  {"id":"knothdisdpcfe","abstract":"Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are being confronted with a growing number of student applications. This is associated with the verification of documents, which in the case of university entrance qualifications is becoming increasingly complex and errorprone in view of the diversifying education system. Various solutions to this problem have already been proposed, but due to technical, organisational, legal, or financial problems, they have not yet found widespread use. Against this background, this article presents an approach that integrates existing methods and services for digital signatures into a national infrastructure for education and connects them to existing information systems in schools to issue digital diplomas and verify them in HEI application processes. The article describes a technical solution and experiences from a proof-of-concept. First recommendations are given, and an outlook illustrates how the upcoming broad field test will be conducted.","author":[{"family":"Knoth","given":"Alexander"},{"family":"Soldo","given":"Erwin"},{"family":"Clancy","given":"Kathleen"},{"family":"Lucke","given":"Ulrike"}],"citation-key":"knothdisdpcfe","language":"en","source":"Zotero","title":"A Distributed Infrastructure for Secure Diplomas: Proof of Concept and First Experiences","type":"article-journal"},
  {"id":"knowledgeintegrationvbees2024","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,18]]},"author":[{"family":"Knowledge Integration","given":""}],"citation-key":"knowledgeintegrationvbees2024","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"title":"Vocabulary Bank for Education (European Schoolnet)","type":"webpage","URL":"http://europeanschoolnet-vbe.lexaurus.net/vbe/home"},
  {"id":"kohlsdeelmdp2008","abstract":"Didaktische oder pädagogische Patterns sammeln das Erfahrungswissen von Experten und Expertinnen aus der Lehrpraxis. Basierend auf Best-Practice-Beispielen werden die wiederkehrenden Komponenten erfolgreicher instruktionaler Designs erfasst und analysiert mit der Zielsetzung, beim Entwurf neuer didaktischer Szenarien auf bewährte Methoden zurückzugreifen. Gerade im Umfeld technologiegestützter Lehr-/Lernformen mit ständig neuen Formen der Wissenskommunikation, unterstützt durch Social Software oder Web-2.0-Werkzeuge, spielt der Erfahrungsaustausch, welche Methode wann und wie eingesetzt werden kann, eine wichtige Rolle. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt eine Übersicht verschiedener Pattern-Ansätze vor und geht auf prinzipielle Stärken und Herausforderungen dieses literarischen Formats ein. (DIPF/ Orig.)","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,6]]},"author":[{"family":"Kohls","given":"Christian"},{"family":"Wedekind","given":"Joachim"}],"citation-key":"kohlsdeelmdp2008","collection-title":"Medien in der Wissenschaft","container-title":"Offener Bildungsraum Hochschule. Freiheiten und Notwendigkeiten","DOI":"10.25656/01:3265","editor":[{"family":"Zauchner","given":"Sabine"},{"family":"Baumgartner","given":"Peter"},{"family":"Blaschitz","given":"Edith"},{"family":"Weissenbäck","given":"Andreas"}],"ISBN":"9783830920588","issued":{"date-parts":[["2008"]]},"language":"de","license":"Deutsches Urheberrecht","page":"217-227","publisher":"Waxmann : Münster ; New York ; München ; Berlin","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Die Dokumentation erfolgreicher E-Learning-Lehr-/ Lernarrangements mit didaktischen Patterns","type":"chapter","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200608101410/https://www.pedocs.de/volltexte/2011/3265/pdf/Kohls_Wedekind_Die_Dokumentation_erfolgreicher_E_Learning_Ehr_Lernarrangements_D_A.pdf","volume":"48"},
  {"id":"kokkoraskbaemu2003","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,12]]},"author":[{"family":"Kokkoras","given":"Fotios"},{"family":"Sampson","given":"Dimitrios"},{"family":"Vlahavas","given":"Ioannis"}],"citation-key":"kokkoraskbaemu2003","collection-editor":[{"family":"Goos","given":"Gerhard"},{"family":"Hartmanis","given":"Juris"},{"family":"Van Leeuwen","given":"Jan"}],"container-title":"Advances in Informatics","DOI":"10.1007/3-540-38076-0_14","editor":[{"family":"Manolopoulos","given":"Yannis"},{"family":"Evripidou","given":"Skevos"},{"family":"Kakas","given":"Antonis C."}],"event-place":"Berlin, Heidelberg","ISBN":"978-3-540-07544-8 978-3-540-38076-4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2003"]]},"page":"201-216","publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","publisher-place":"Berlin, Heidelberg","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"A Knowledge Based Approach on Educational Metadata Use","type":"chapter","URL":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/3-540-38076-0_14","volume":"2563"},
  {"id":"kolbkelpgeltkprv2021","author":[{"family":"Kolb","given":"Alice Y."},{"family":"Kolb","given":"David A."}],"citation-key":"kolbkelpgeltkprv2021","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]},"title":"The Kolb Experiential Learning Profile. A Guide to Experiential Learning Theory, KELP Psychometrics and Research on Validity.","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240219091956/https://learningfromexperience.com/downloads/research-library/kelp-2021-technical-specifications.pdf"},
  {"id":"koperemlmrirpul2004","abstract":"Abstract\n            Nowadays there is a huge demand for flexible, independent learning without the constraints of time and place. Various trends in the field of education and training are the bases for the development of new technologies for education. This article describes the development of a learning technology specification, which supports these new demands for learning challenging the new technological possibilities. This specification is named Educational Modelling Language (EML) and is developed by the Open University of the Netherlands.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,24]]},"author":[{"family":"Koper","given":"Rob"},{"family":"Manderveld","given":"Jocelyn"}],"citation-key":"koperemlmrirpul2004","container-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology","container-title-short":"Brit J Educational Tech","DOI":"10.1111/j.0007-1013.2004.00412.x","ISSN":"0007-1013, 1467-8535","issue":"5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2004",9]]},"language":"en","page":"537-551","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Educational modelling language: modelling reusable, interoperable, rich and personalised units of learning","title-short":"Educational modelling language","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://bera-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0007-1013.2004.00412.x","volume":"35"},
  {"id":"kopermuspppme2001","author":[{"family":"Koper","given":"Rob"}],"citation-key":"kopermuspppme2001","event-place":"Heerlen","issued":{"date-parts":[["2001"]]},"publisher":"Educational Technology Expertise Centre (OTEC)","publisher-place":"Heerlen","title":"Modeling Units of Study from a Pedagogical Perspective: The pedagogical meta-model behind EML","type":"report","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240229114256/http://www.vdl.ufc.br/aprendizagem_mediada/ped-metamodel.pdf"},
  {"id":"kopfkluphfl2010","author":[{"family":"Kopf","given":"Martina"},{"family":"Leipold","given":"Jana"},{"family":"Seidl","given":"Tobias"}],"citation-key":"kopfkluphfl2010","collection-number":"16","collection-title":"Mainzer Beiträge zur Hochschulentwicklung","event-place":"Mainz","ISBN":"978-3-935461-15-3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]},"language":"ger","number-of-pages":"53","publisher":"Zentrum für Qualitätssicherung und -entwicklung (ZQ)","publisher-place":"Mainz","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Kompetenzen in Lehrveranstaltungen und Prüfungen: Handreichung für Lehrende","title-short":"Kompetenzen in Lehrveranstaltungen und Prüfungen","type":"book","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230528222951/https://www.zq.uni-mainz.de/files/2018/04/Band16.pdf"},
  {"id":"kortemeyerursedl2021","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,17]]},"author":[{"family":"Kortemeyer","given":"Gerd"},{"family":"Dröschler","given":"Stefan"}],"citation-key":"kortemeyerursedl2021","container-title":"International Journal on Digital Libraries","container-title-short":"Int J Digit Libr","DOI":"10.1007/s00799-021-00298-8","ISSN":"1432-5012, 1432-1300","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021",6]]},"language":"en","page":"147-157","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"A user-transaction-based recommendation strategy for an educational digital library","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00799-021-00298-8","volume":"22"},
  {"id":"koschorreckoepodfp2018","author":[{"family":"Koschorreck","given":"Jan"}],"citation-key":"koschorreckoepodfp2018","issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]},"title":"Open Educational Practices (OEP). Der DIE-Wissensbaustein für die Praxis","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220619204804/https://www.die-bonn.de/wb/2018-oep-01.pdf"},
  {"id":"koutsomitropoulossahfsduo2019","abstract":"Purpose – Effective synthesis of learning material is a multidimensional problem, which often relies on handpicking approaches and human expertise. Sources of educational content exist in a variety of forms, each offering proprietary metadata information and search facilities. This paper aims to show that it is possible to harvest scholarly resources from various repositories of open educational resources (OERs) in a federated manner. In addition, their subject can be automatically annotated using ontology inference and standard thematic terminologies.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Koutsomitropoulos","given":"Dimitrios A."}],"citation-key":"koutsomitropoulossahfsduo2019","container-title":"Digital Library Perspectives","container-title-short":"DLP","DOI":"10.1108/DLP-12-2018-0038","ISSN":"2059-5816, 2059-5816","issue":"3/4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2019",11,11]]},"language":"en","page":"157-171","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Semantic annotation and harvesting of federated scholarly data using ontologies","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/DLP-12-2018-0038/full/html","volume":"35"},
  {"id":"krabinalfod","author":[{"family":"Krabina","given":"Bernhard"}],"citation-key":"krabinalfod","language":"de","source":"Zotero","title":"Ein Leitfaden für offene Daten","type":"article-journal"},
  {"id":"krameraazm2019","author":[{"family":"Kramer","given":"Frank Friedhelm"},{"family":"Thalheim","given":"Bernhard"}],"citation-key":"krameraazm2019","contributor":[{"family":"Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel","given":""}],"event-place":"Berlin","ISBN":"978-3-8325-4788-2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]},"language":"de","number-of-pages":"279","publisher":"Logos Verlag","publisher-place":"Berlin","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Ein allgemeiner Ansatz zur Metadaten-Verwaltung","type":"book"},
  {"id":"krameroerrne2011","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,16]]},"author":[{"family":"Krämer","given":"Bernd J"},{"family":"Klebl","given":"Michael"}],"citation-key":"krameroerrne2011","DOI":"10.13140/2.1.4503.1365","issued":{"date-parts":[["2011"]]},"language":"en","publisher":"[object Object]","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Open Educational Resources and the Repository Network edu-sharing","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://rgdoi.net/10.13140/2.1.4503.1365"},
  {"id":"kramerrlolgiat2005","author":[{"family":"Krämer","given":"Bernd"}],"citation-key":"kramerrlolgiat2005","collection-title":"Forschungsberichte des Fachbereichs Elektrotechnik & Informationstechni","issued":{"date-parts":[["2005"]]},"note":"ISSN 0945-0130","number":"4","title":"Reusable Learning Objects: Let's give it another trial","type":"report","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221205201917/https://www.fernuni-hagen.de/imperia/md/content/fakultaetfuermathematikundinformatik/forschung/berichteetit/forschungsbericht_4_2005.pdf"},
  {"id":"kruegeroeroepcozh2023","abstract":"Zusammenfassung\n            Der nachfolgende Praxisbericht beschreibt die an der Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften (ZHAW) unternommenen Schritte zur Entwicklung und Etablierung einer OER-Community. Diese reichen von ersten Informations- und Sensibilisierungsmaßnahmen über die Entwicklung einer OER-Policy bis hin zur Umsetzung eines Nachhaltigkeitsprojektes im Bereich OER mit Studierenden und der Beteiligung des OER-Teams der Bibliothek an strategischen Initiativen der Hochschule. Im Zeitraum von 2018 bis heute haben die verschiedenen Aktivitäten sowie der Austausch und das Feedback aus der OER-Community den Fokus des OER-Teams von offenen Lehr- und Lernmedien (Open Educational Resources kurz OER) auf Open Educational Practices (OEP bzw. offene Bildungspraktiken) verlagert. Dieser Perspektivenwechsel ermöglicht es, mit dem Thema OER gleichzeitig Lehrende und Studierende zu adressieren und neue Entwicklungen im Lehr- und Lernumfeld der Hochschule mitzugestalten.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Krüger","given":"Nicole"},{"family":"Lüthi","given":"Gabriela"}],"citation-key":"kruegeroeroepcozh2023","container-title":"Bibliothek Forschung und Praxis","DOI":"10.1515/bfp-2023-0001","ISSN":"1865-7648, 0341-4183","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023",8,24]]},"language":"de","page":"357-369","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Von Open Educational Resources zu Open Educational Practices: der community-geleitete OER-Ansatz der ZHAW Hochschulbibliothek","title-short":"Von Open Educational Resources zu Open Educational Practices","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/bfp-2023-0001/html","volume":"47"},
  {"id":"kuhlengi2022","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"citation-key":"kuhlengi2022","DOI":"10.1515/9783110769043","editor":[{"family":"Kuhlen","given":"Rainer"},{"family":"Lewandowski","given":"Dirk"},{"family":"Semar","given":"Wolfgang"},{"family":"Womser-Hacker","given":"Christa"}],"ISBN":"978-3-11-076904-3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022",11,21]]},"language":"de","publisher":"De Gruyter","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Grundlagen der Informationswissenschaft","type":"book","URL":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110769043/html"},
  {"id":"kunzedcmes2007","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,5]]},"author":[{"family":"Kunze","given":"J."},{"family":"Baker","given":"T."}],"citation-key":"kunzedcmes2007","DOI":"10.17487/rfc5013","issued":{"date-parts":[["2007",8]]},"language":"en","number":"RFC5013","page":"RFC5013","publisher":"RFC Editor","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"The Dublin Core Metadata Element Set","type":"report","URL":"https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5013"},
  {"id":"kurilovasrslsalpisba2014","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,12]]},"author":[{"family":"Kurilovas","given":"Eugenijus"},{"family":"Zilinskiene","given":"Inga"},{"family":"Dagiene","given":"Valentina"}],"citation-key":"kurilovasrslsalpisba2014","container-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","container-title-short":"Computers in Human Behavior","DOI":"10.1016/j.chb.2013.06.036","ISSN":"07475632","issued":{"date-parts":[["2014",1]]},"language":"en","page":"550-557","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Recommending suitable learning scenarios according to learners’ preferences: An improved swarm based approach","title-short":"Recommending suitable learning scenarios according to learners’ preferences","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0747563213002288","volume":"30"},
  {"id":"kushwahahmoersaoec2019","archive_location":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240307112832/https://oasis.col.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/5afdcd46-e690-467f-8237-3762d9bb8447/content","author":[{"family":"Kushwaha","given":"Vijendra"},{"family":"Prabhakar","given":"T.V"}],"citation-key":"kushwahahmoersaoec2019","issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]},"language":"en","source":"Zotero","title":"Harvesting metadata from Open Educational Resources for semantic annotation of online educational content","type":"document","URL":"http://hdl.handle.net/11599/3269"},
  {"id":"kutzermeuvk2002","author":[{"family":"Kutzer","given":"R."}],"citation-key":"kutzermeuvk2002","issued":{"date-parts":[["2002"]]},"language":"de","number-of-pages":"book","publisher":"Kutzer Verlag","source":"Google Books","title":"Mathematik entdecken und verstehen: Kommentarband 2","title-short":"Mathematik entdecken und verstehen","type":"book"},
  {"id":"lacznywtkfkmf2022","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Laczny","given":"Joachim"}],"citation-key":"lacznywtkfkmf2022","container-title":"ABI Technik","DOI":"10.1515/abitech-2022-0024","ISSN":"2191-4664, 0720-6763","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022",5,5]]},"language":"de","page":"137-137","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"<b>Welche Tools kommen für die Kuratierung von Metadaten in Frage?</b>","title-short":"<b>Welche Tools kommen für die Kuratierung von Metadaten in Frage?","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/abitech-2022-0024/html","volume":"42"},
  {"id":"ladurnereuipuafobo","abstract":"Um einen breiten Zugang zur Bildung und großzügige Nutzung von Bildungsressourcen zu ermöglichen, setzt auch die Technische Universität Graz (TU Graz) auf offene Bildungsressourcen (Open Educational Resources, kurz OER). Der Beitrag beschreibt die technologischen Entwicklungen und Prozesse, damit Lehrende der TU Graz das eigene Lernmanagementsystem für die Veröffentlichung von OER nutzen können. Es wird im Beitrag nachgezeichnet wie Schnittstellen und Prozesse gestaltet wurden, um Lern- und Lehrressourcen der TU Graz mit entsprechenden Metadaten auszuzeichnen, um sie über das universitätseigene OERRepositorium und entsprechenden Schnittstellen für das OER-Fachportal der Universität Wien einer breiten Öffentlichkeit recherchierbar anzubieten. Nur entsprechend qualifizierte Lehrende der TU Graz erhalten die Berechtigung für die Nutzung des neuen OER-Plug-In. Der Beitrag schließt mit Empfehlungen für Nachahmer/innen.","author":[{"family":"Ladurner","given":"Christoph"},{"family":"Ortner","given":"Christian"},{"family":"Lach","given":"Karin"},{"family":"Ebner","given":"Martin"},{"family":"Ebner","given":"Markus"},{"family":"Ganguly","given":"Raman"},{"family":"Schön","given":"Sandra"}],"citation-key":"ladurnereuipuafobo","language":"de","source":"Zotero","title":"Entwicklung und Implementierung eines Plug-Ins und von APIs für offene Bildungsressourcen (OER)","type":"article-journal"},
  {"id":"laurillardtdsbpplt2012","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,6]]},"author":[{"family":"Laurillard","given":"Diana"}],"citation-key":"laurillardtdsbpplt2012","DOI":"10.4324/9780203125083","event-place":"New York","ISBN":"978-1-136-44820-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2012"]]},"language":"en","number-of-pages":"272","publisher":"Routledge","publisher-place":"New York","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Teaching as a Design Science. Building Pedagogical Patterns for Learning and Technology","type":"book","URL":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203125083"},
  {"id":"lazarinishresifi2011","abstract":"In this chapter the authors present the basic characteristics about some existing educational metadata schemata and application profiles. They focus on the widely adopted IEEE LOM standard and give a brief analysis of its structure. Having in mind the utilization of educational metadata schemata by digital repositories preserving educational and research resources, they concentrate on a considerably popular system for this reason, DSpace. The authors want to show how the IEEE LOM metadata set can be incorporated in the default DSpace’s qualified Dublin Core metadata schema, introducing enhancements to the existing University of Patras live installation. For this reason, they document a potential LOM to Dublin Core metadata mapping and reveal possible gains from such an attempt. Further, they propose an ontological model for the repository’s metadata that takes also into account the educational characteristics of resources. In this way, they show how a semantic level of interoperability between educational applications can be achieved.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"citation-key":"lazarinishresifi2011","DOI":"10.4018/978-1-61692-789-9","editor":[{"family":"Lazarinis","given":"Fotis"},{"family":"Green","given":"Steve"},{"family":"Pearson","given":"Elaine"}],"ISBN":"978-1-61692-789-9 978-1-61692-790-5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2011"]]},"language":"en","publisher":"IGI Global","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Handbook of Research on E-Learning Standards and Interoperability: Frameworks and Issues","title-short":"Handbook of Research on E-Learning Standards and Interoperability","type":"book","URL":"http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/978-1-61692-789-9"},
  {"id":"lazarinishresifi2011a","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,10]]},"citation-key":"lazarinishresifi2011a","DOI":"10.4018/978-1-61692-789-9","editor":[{"family":"Lazarinis","given":"Fotis"},{"family":"Green","given":"Steve"},{"family":"Pearson","given":"Elaine"}],"ISBN":"978-1-61692-789-9 978-1-61692-790-5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2011"]]},"publisher":"IGI Global","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Handbook of Research on E-Learning Standards and Interoperability: Frameworks and Issues","title-short":"Handbook of Research on E-Learning Standards and Interoperability","type":"book","URL":"http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/978-1-61692-789-9"},
  {"id":"lazarinishresifi2011b","abstract":"\"This handbook promotes the discussion and solutions for increasing the interoperability of future standalone and Web-based educational tools, specifically focusing on content reusability and interoperability\"--Provided by publisher","call-number":"LB1028.5 .H3165 2011","citation-key":"lazarinishresifi2011b","editor":[{"family":"Lazarinis","given":"Fotis"},{"family":"Green","given":"Steve"},{"family":"Pearson","given":"Elaine"}],"event-place":"Hershey","ISBN":"978-1-61692-789-9 978-1-61692-790-5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2011"]]},"number-of-pages":"603","publisher":"Information Science Reference","publisher-place":"Hershey","source":"Library of Congress ISBN","title":"Handbook of research on e-learning standards and interoperability: frameworks and issues","title-short":"Handbook of research on e-learning standards and interoperability","type":"book"},
  {"id":"lehmannlagals2010","author":[{"family":"Lehmann","given":"Robert"}],"citation-key":"lehmannlagals2010","collection-number":"54","collection-title":"Medien in der Wissenschaft","event-place":"Münster","ISBN":"978-3-8309-2307-7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]},"language":"ger","number-of-pages":"242","publisher":"Waxmann","publisher-place":"Münster","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Lernstile als Grundlage adaptiver Lernsysteme in der Softwareschulung","type":"book"},
  {"id":"lehmannlagals2010a","author":[{"family":"Lehmann","given":"Robert"}],"citation-key":"lehmannlagals2010a","collection-number":"54","collection-title":"Medien in der Wissenschaft","event-place":"Münster","ISBN":"978-3-8309-2307-7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]},"language":"ger","number-of-pages":"242","publisher":"Waxmann","publisher-place":"Münster","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Lernstile als Grundlage adaptiver Lernsysteme in der Softwareschulung","type":"book"},
  {"id":"libraryofcongresslas2024","author":[{"family":"Library of Congress","given":""}],"citation-key":"libraryofcongresslas2024","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"title":"Librarians and Archivists. Standards","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240224144405/https://www.loc.gov/librarians/standards"},
  {"id":"lohmeieresaboero2023","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,30]]},"author":[{"family":"Lohmeier","given":"Felix"},{"family":"Pohl","given":"Adrian"},{"family":"Voß","given":"Jakob"}],"citation-key":"lohmeieresaboero2023","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"title":"Einführung in SKOS am Beispiel von Open Educational Resources (OER)","type":"webpage","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240227140146/https://dini-ag-kim.github.io/skos-einfuehrung/"},
  {"id":"lrmilcslearv2017","citation-key":"lrmilcslearv2017","editor":[{"family":"LRMI","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]},"title":"LRMI Concept Scheme: LRMI Educational Audience Role Vocabulary","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231118054904/https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/lrmi/concept_schemes/educationalAudienceRole/"},
  {"id":"lrmitaskgroupdcmilitv2017","author":[{"family":"LRMI Task Group (DCMI)","given":""}],"citation-key":"lrmitaskgroupdcmilitv2017","issued":{"date-parts":[["2017",12,20]]},"title":"LRMI Interact Type Vocabulary","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240210152022/https://www.dublincore.org/vocabs/interactivityType.ttl"},
  {"id":"lul2008","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,8]]},"citation-key":"lul2008","container-title":"Kompendium multimediales Lernen","DOI":"10.1007/978-3-540-37226-4_14","event-place":"Berlin, Heidelberg","ISBN":"978-3-540-37225-7 978-3-540-37226-4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2008"]]},"language":"de","page":"153-169","publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","publisher-place":"Berlin, Heidelberg","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Lehrstoffstrukturierung und Lehrzieltyp","type":"chapter","URL":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-540-37226-4_14"},
  {"id":"mahlerdicicmatsgb1999","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,2]]},"author":[{"family":"Mahler","given":"Alwin"},{"family":"Rogers","given":"Everett M."}],"citation-key":"mahlerdicicmatsgb1999","container-title":"Telecommunications Policy","container-title-short":"Telecommunications Policy","DOI":"10.1016/S0308-5961(99)00052-X","ISSN":"03085961","issue":"10-11","issued":{"date-parts":[["1999",11]]},"language":"en","page":"719-740","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"The diffusion of interactive communication innovations and the critical mass: the adoption of telecommunications services by German banks","title-short":"The diffusion of interactive communication innovations and the critical mass","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S030859619900052X","volume":"23"},
  {"id":"maioranambamlrar2021","abstract":"Considerable effort has been put in place in recent years to build repositories of learning resources and assessment activities. Thus, raising the demand to collect and curate meaningful metadata related to their use. This is order, to improve user experience leveraging on educational data mining techniques. This work will propose firstly a set of data that can be collected and a set of similarity metrics useful for query recommendations on based on their content. Secondly, the set of results user recommendations either based on the queries they perform on the system, or on the basis of the activities they perform on the repository. Thirdly,learning resource recommendation based on other users’ interests and results of similar queries, pattern of usage of resources and feedback given by similar users. An activity matrix collecting data in three dimensions: resources, users and queries is proposed; leaving implementation details and experience report for further studies.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Maiorana","given":"Francesco"},{"family":"Csizmadia","given":"Andrew P."},{"family":"Richards","given":"Gretchen M."}],"citation-key":"maioranambamlrar2021","container-title":"2021 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)","DOI":"10.1109/EDUCON46332.2021.9453960","event-place":"Vienna, Austria","event-title":"2021 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)","ISBN":"978-1-72818-478-4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021",4,21]]},"language":"en","page":"413-419","publisher":"IEEE","publisher-place":"Vienna, Austria","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Metrics Based on Attention Metadata for Learning Resource and Assessment Repository","type":"paper-conference","URL":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9453960/"},
  {"id":"malrrkglsc2023","abstract":"An e-learning system should recommend learners appropriate learning resources according to their actual needs and cognitive status for improving their learning performance. To overcome the deficiencies of existing approaches (e.g., poor interpretability, limited efficiency and accuracy of recommendation), we propose a new recommendation approach to learning resources via knowledge graphs and learning style clustering. In this approach, the knowledge graphs of an online learning environment are constructed based on a generic ontology model, and the graph embedding algorithm and graph matching process are applied to optimize the efficiency of graph computation for identifying similar learning resources. By introducing learning style theory, learners are clustered based on their learning styles. Based on the clustering results, the learners’ degrees of interest in similar learning resources are measured, and the recommendation results are obtained according to the degrees of interest. Finally, the experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly enhances the computational efficiency and the quality of learning resource recommendation compared with the existing approaches in large-scale graph data scenarios.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,17]]},"author":[{"family":"Ma","given":"Hua"},{"family":"Tang","given":"Yuqi"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Xuxiang"},{"family":"Zhu","given":"Haibin"},{"family":"Huang","given":"Peiji"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Hongyu"}],"citation-key":"malrrkglsc2023","container-title":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","container-title-short":"IFS","DOI":"10.3233/JIFS-222627","ISSN":"10641246, 18758967","issue":"5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023",5,4]]},"page":"8053-8069","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Learning resource recommendation via knowledge graphs and learning style clustering","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.medra.org/servlet/aliasResolver?alias=iospress&doi=10.3233/JIFS-222627","volume":"44"},
  {"id":"manasvsmsidu2019","abstract":"An efficient meta data systems will helps to improve the usability of data. Metadata will describe the data being stored and it will helps in adding more value and usability to the stored data. Data retrieval also will be made easy by using an efficient metadata system. This survey paper will study some of the metadata standards and perform a comparison based on the usability of each metadata standards.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Mana","given":"Suja Cherukullapurath"},{"family":"Sasiprabha","given":"T."}],"citation-key":"manasvsmsidu2019","container-title":"2019 International Conference on Computational Intelligence in Data Science (ICCIDS)","DOI":"10.1109/ICCIDS.2019.8862044","event-place":"Chennai, India","event-title":"2019 International Conference on Computational Intelligence in Data Science (ICCIDS)","ISBN":"978-1-5386-9471-8","issued":{"date-parts":[["2019",2]]},"language":"en","page":"1-4","publisher":"IEEE","publisher-place":"Chennai, India","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"A Study on Various Semantic Metadata Standards to Improve Data Usability","type":"paper-conference","URL":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8862044/"},
  {"id":"mandeldmfluf2010","citation-key":"mandeldmfluf2010","collection-number":"Bd. 55","collection-title":"Medien in der Wissenschaft","editor":[{"family":"Mandel","given":"Schewa"},{"family":"Rutishauser","given":"Manuel"},{"family":"Seiler Schiedt","given":"Eva"},{"family":"Gesellschaft für Medien in der Wissenschaft","given":""}],"event-place":"Münster München Berlin","ISBN":"978-3-8309-2385-5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]},"language":"ger eng","number-of-pages":"473","publisher":"Waxmann","publisher-place":"Münster München Berlin","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Digitale Medien für Lehre und Forschung","type":"book"},
  {"id":"marincsnidoerhe2019","abstract":"This paper reports on the first stage of an international comparative study for the project “Digital educational architectures: Open learning resources in distributed learning infrastructures–EduArc”, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. This study reviews the situation of digital educational resources (or (O)ER) framed within the digital transformation of ten different Higher Education (HE) systems (Australia, Canada, China, Germany, Japan, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Turkey and the United States). Following a comparative case study approach, we investigated issues related to the existence of policies, quality assurance mechanisms and measures for the promotion of change in supporting infrastructure development for (O)ER at the national level in HE in the different countries. The results of this mainly documentary research highlight differences and similarities, which are largely due to variations in these countries’ political structure organisation. The discussion and conclusion point at the importance of understanding each country’s context and culture, in order to understand the differences between them, as well as the challenges they face.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Marín","given":"Victoria I."},{"family":"Bond","given":"Melissa"},{"family":"Zawacki-Richter","given":"Olaf"},{"family":"Aydin","given":"Cengiz H."},{"family":"Bedenlier","given":"Svenja"},{"family":"Bozkurt","given":"Aras"},{"family":"Conrad","given":"Dianne"},{"family":"Jung","given":"Insung"},{"family":"Kondakci","given":"Yasar"},{"family":"Prinsloo","given":"Paul"},{"family":"Qayyum","given":"Adnan"},{"family":"Roberts","given":"Jennifer"},{"family":"Sangrà","given":"Albert"},{"family":"Van Tryon","given":"Patricia J. Slagter"},{"family":"Veletsianos","given":"George"},{"family":"Xiao","given":"Junhong"}],"citation-key":"marincsnidoerhe2019","container-title":"Open Praxis","DOI":"10.5944/openpraxis.12.2.1071","ISSN":"2304-070X, 1369-9997","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2019",6,30]]},"language":"en","page":"241","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"A Comparative Study of National Infrastructures for Digital (Open) Educational Resources in Higher Education","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://openpraxis.org/article/10.5944/openpraxis.12.2.1071/","volume":"12"},
  {"id":"marinoerwiceb2022","author":[{"family":"Marín","given":"Victoria I."},{"family":"Peters","given":"L. N."},{"family":"Zawacki-Richter","given":"O."}],"citation-key":"marinoerwiceb2022","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022"]]},"title":"(Open) Educational Resources around the World: An International Comparison. EdTech Books.","type":"book","URL":"https://edtechbooks.org/oer_around_the_world"},
  {"id":"markusem","abstract":"A fundamental transformation continues to occur in higher education. Information and telecommunication technologies are having a profound effect on teaching and learning and are eroding traditional geographical boundaries resulting in greater competition and opportunity. Students are also changing. Part-time, adult learners know that learning is no longer confined to University campuses, and are seeking flexible ways to ‘ time shift’ their learning to meet personal, academic or employment objectives.","author":[{"family":"Markus","given":"Bela"}],"citation-key":"markusem","language":"en","source":"Zotero","title":"EDUCATIONAL METADATA","type":"article-journal"},
  {"id":"martinez-ortizemlcihc2007","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,29]]},"author":[{"family":"Martinez-Ortiz","given":"I."},{"family":"Moreno-Ger","given":"P."},{"family":"Sierra","given":"J.L."},{"family":"Fernandez-Manjon","given":"B."}],"citation-key":"martinez-ortizemlcihc2007","container-title":"Computers and Education","DOI":"10.1007/978-1-4020-4914-9_3","editor":[{"family":"Fernández-Manjón","given":"Baltasar"},{"family":"Sánchez-Pérez","given":"Juan Manuel"},{"family":"Gómez-Pulido","given":"Juan Antonio"},{"family":"Vega-Rodríguez","given":"Miguel Angel"},{"family":"Bravo-Rodríguez","given":"José"}],"event-place":"Dordrecht","ISBN":"978-1-4020-4913-2 978-1-4020-4914-9","issued":{"date-parts":[["2007"]]},"language":"en","page":"27-40","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","publisher-place":"Dordrecht","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Educational Modeling Languages: A Conceptual Introduction and a High-Level Classification","title-short":"Educational Modeling Languages","type":"chapter","URL":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4020-4914-9_3"},
  {"id":"marzanonteo2007","author":[{"family":"Marzano","given":"Robert J."},{"family":"Kendall","given":"John S."}],"citation-key":"marzanonteo2007","edition":"Second editon","event-place":"Thousand Oaks, CA","ISBN":"978-1-4129-3629-3 978-1-4129-3628-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2007"]]},"language":"eng","number-of-pages":"193","publisher":"Corwin Press","publisher-place":"Thousand Oaks, CA","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"The new taxonomy of educational objectives","type":"book"},
  {"id":"mavroudisalpuladcfo2018","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,12]]},"author":[{"family":"Mavroudi","given":"Anna"},{"family":"Giannakos","given":"Michail"},{"family":"Krogstie","given":"John"}],"citation-key":"mavroudisalpuladcfo2018","container-title":"Interactive Learning Environments","container-title-short":"Interactive Learning Environments","DOI":"10.1080/10494820.2017.1292531","ISSN":"1049-4820, 1744-5191","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2018",2,17]]},"language":"en","page":"206-220","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Supporting adaptive learning pathways through the use of learning analytics: developments, challenges and future opportunities","title-short":"Supporting adaptive learning pathways through the use of learning analytics","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10494820.2017.1292531","volume":"26"},
  {"id":"mayerctml2005","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,18]]},"author":[{"family":"Mayer","given":"Richard E."}],"citation-key":"mayerctml2005","container-title":"The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning","DOI":"10.1017/CBO9780511816819.004","edition":"1","editor":[{"family":"Mayer","given":"Richard"}],"ISBN":"978-0-521-83873-3 978-0-521-54751-2 978-0-511-81681-9","issued":{"date-parts":[["2005",8,15]]},"page":"31-48","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning","type":"chapter","URL":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/CBO9780511816819A010/type/book_part"},
  {"id":"mayerlie2009","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,2]]},"author":[{"family":"Mayer","given":"Horst Otto"},{"family":"Hertnagel","given":"Johannes"},{"family":"Weber","given":"Heidi"}],"citation-key":"mayerlie2009","DOI":"10.1524/9783486848984","ISBN":"978-3-486-58844-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2009",12,31]]},"publisher":"Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Lernzielüberprüfung im eLearning","title-short":"Lernzielüberprüfung im eLearning","type":"book","URL":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1524/9783486848984/html"},
  {"id":"mayrbergerqovzeqfoabhoousfs2018","abstract":"Nach der 2017 von Prof. Dr. Olaf Zawacki-Richter und Prof. Dr. Kerstin Mayrberger veröffentlichten Studie zur internationalen Bestandsaufnahme von Instrumenten zur Qualitätssicherung von Open Educational Resources (Synergie-Sonderband Qualität von OER) ist nun ein neuer Sonderband zur Qualitätsentwicklung von OER erschienen. Zusammen mit Dr. Wolfgang Müskens wurde ein eigenes Qualitätssicherungsinstrument operationalisiert. Es findet ab 2019 seine praktische Erprobung im Rahmen der Hamburg Open Online University. Die Ergebnisse werden in eine erneute Iteration der Modellentwicklung einfließen. Der Sonderband beinhaltet darüber hinaus ein Manual für Personen, die OER mithilfe des Qualitätssicherungsinstruments beurteilen möchten.","author":[{"family":"Mayrberger","given":"Kerstin"},{"family":"Zawacki-Richter","given":"Olaf"},{"family":"Müskens","given":"Wolfgang"}],"citation-key":"mayrbergerqovzeqfoabhoousfs2018","contributor":[{"family":"Mayrberger","given":"Kerstin"}],"DOI":"10.25592/978.3.924330.67.5","ISBN":"978-3-924330-67-5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]},"language":"de","license":"CC BY 4.0","medium":"PDF","page":"76 Seiten","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Qualitätsentwicklung von OER – Vorschlag zur Erstellung eines Qualitätssicherungsinstrumentes für OER am Beispiel der Hamburg Open Online University: Sonderband zum Fachmagazin Synergie","title-short":"Qualitätsentwicklung von OER – Vorschlag zur Erstellung eines Qualitätssicherungsinstrumentes für OER am Beispiel der Hamburg Open Online University","type":"book"},
  {"id":"mayrbergersffdla02019","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,4]]},"author":[{"family":"Mayrberger","given":"Kerstin"}],"citation-key":"mayrbergersffdla02019","container-title":"Synergie. Fachmagazin für Digitalisierung in der Lehre","contributor":[{"family":"Mayrberger","given":"Kerstin"}],"DOI":"10.25592/ISSN2509-3096.007","ISSN":"2509-3096","issue":"07","issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]},"language":"de","license":"CC BY 4.0","publisher":"Universität Hamburg","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Synergie. Fachmagazin für Digitalisierung in der Lehre, Ausgabe #07","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.synergie.uni-hamburg.de/publikationen/fachmagazin-synergie.html"},
  {"id":"mccrearykemn","abstract":"This case study examines the extension of the National Information Exchange Model NIEM [1] to include K-12 education metadata. NIEM’s compliance with ISO/IEC 11179 [2] metadata standards was found to be critical for cost-effective system interoperability. This study indicates that extending the NIEM can be compatible with newer RDF and OWL metadata standards. We discuss how this strategy will dramatically lower data integration costs and make longitudinal data analysis more cost-effective. We make recommendations for state education agencies, federal policy makers, and metadata standards organizations. The conclusion discusses the possible impacts of recent innovations in collaborative metadata standards efforts.","author":[{"family":"McCreary","given":"Dan"}],"citation-key":"mccrearykemn","language":"en","source":"Zotero","title":"K-12 Education Metadata and the NIEM","type":"article-journal"},
  {"id":"mclarencse1icc2fmpm112rsp2019","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"citation-key":"mclarencse1icc2fmpm112rsp2019","collection-title":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","DOI":"10.1007/978-3-030-21151-6","editor":[{"family":"McLaren","given":"Bruce M."},{"family":"Reilly","given":"Rob"},{"family":"Zvacek","given":"Susan"},{"family":"Uhomoibhi","given":"James"}],"event-place":"Cham","ISBN":"978-3-030-21150-9 978-3-030-21151-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]},"language":"en","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","publisher-place":"Cham","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Computer Supported Education: 10th International Conference, CSEDU 2018, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal, March 15–17, 2018, Revised Selected Papers","title-short":"Computer Supported Education","type":"book","URL":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-21151-6","volume":"1022"},
  {"id":"mederalvhl2003","author":[{"family":"Meder","given":"Norber"}],"citation-key":"mederalvhl2003","collection-number":"20","collection-title":"Medien in der Wissenschaft","container-title":"Lernplattformen in der Praxis: die in diesem Band gesammelten Beiträge dokumentieren den Workshop \"Lernplattformen in der Praxis\", der am 15. und 16. Mai 2002 am Institut für Wissensmedien in Tübingen stattfand","editor":[{"family":"Bett","given":"Katja"},{"family":"Wedekind","given":"Joachim"}],"event-place":"Münster Berlin München","ISBN":"978-3-8309-1215-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2003"]]},"language":"ger","page":"157-172","publisher":"Waxmann","publisher-place":"Münster Berlin München","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Anforderungen an Lernplattformen vor dem Hintergrund des L3-Projektes","type":"chapter","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211108135339/https://www.waxmann.com/index.php?eID=download&buchnr=1215"},
  {"id":"mederdo2000","author":[{"family":"Meder","given":"Norbert"}],"citation-key":"mederdo2000","collection-title":"Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation","container-title":"Globalisierung und Wissensorganisation: neue Aspekte für Wissen, Wissenschaft und Informationssysteme, Proceedings der 6. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation","editor":[{"family":"Ohly","given":"Heinz P."},{"family":"Rahmstorf","given":"Gerhard"},{"family":"Sigel","given":"Alexander"}],"event-place":"Würzburg","ISBN":"978-3-933563-78-1","issue":"Band 6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2000"]]},"publisher":"Ergon","publisher-place":"Würzburg","title":"Didaktische Ontologien","type":"paper-conference","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20060610145126/http://cweb.uni-bielefeld.de/agbi/cgi-bin-noauth/cache/VAL_BLOB/167/167/63/did.pdf"},
  {"id":"mederwndwvl2006","author":[{"family":"Meder","given":"Norbert"}],"citation-key":"mederwndwvl2006","collection-number":"2","collection-title":"Wissen und Bildung im Internet","event-place":"Bielefeld","ISBN":"978-3-7639-0156-2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]},"language":"ger","number-of-pages":"310","publisher":"Bertelsmann","publisher-place":"Bielefeld","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Web-Didaktik: eine neue Didaktik webbasierten, vernetzten Lernens","title-short":"Web-Didaktik","type":"book"},
  {"id":"medienberatungnrwdsnhfs2019","author":[{"family":"Medienberatung NRW","given":""}],"citation-key":"medienberatungnrwdsnhfs2019","issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]},"title":"Datenschutz an Schulen in NRW. Handreichung für Schulen.","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240218103708/https://www.medienberatung.schulministerium.nrw.de/media/layout/relaunch_2022/pdf/publikation/Datenschutz_Schulen_NRW_2019.pdf"},
  {"id":"meinelhsrcfsd2019","author":[{"family":"Meinel","given":"Christoph"},{"family":"Renz","given":"Jan"},{"family":"Luderich","given":"Matthias"},{"family":"Malyska","given":"Vivien"},{"family":"Kaiser","given":"Konstantin"},{"family":"Oberländer","given":"Arne"}],"citation-key":"meinelhsrcfsd2019","collection-number":"Nr. 125","collection-title":"Technische Berichte des Hasso-Plattner-Instituts für Digital Engineering an der Universität Potsdam","event-place":"Potsdam","ISBN":"978-3-86956-453-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]},"language":"de","number-of-pages":"57","publisher":"Universitätsverlag Potsdam","publisher-place":"Potsdam","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Die HPI Schul-Cloud: Roll-Out einer Cloud-Architektur für Schulen in Deutschland","title-short":"Die HPI Schul-Cloud","type":"book"},
  {"id":"meissnerme2022","abstract":"Provide metadata about domains w.r.t accessibility, licencing, adds, etc. - openeduhub/metalookup","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,18]]},"author":[{"family":"Meissner","given":"Robert"},{"family":"Rückl","given":"Martin"}],"citation-key":"meissnerme2022","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022"]]},"language":"en","title":"Merkmale & Extraktoren","type":"webpage","URL":"https://github.com/openeduhub/metalookup/blob/ede58b8057063181102102575209765d5f806b18/docs/acceptance.md"},
  {"id":"menzeldmpheor2023","abstract":"Abstract\n            \n              To provide Open Educational Resources (OER) according to the recognised FAIR principles (improve Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reuse of digital assets), it is necessary to describe the educational material by means of meaningful metadata. There are conflicting demands to comply with. On the one hand, the educational resources should be described in as much detail as possible for accurately fitting search results. On the other hand, only strictly necessary information should be obligatory to keep the obstacles for authors as low as possible. An additional goal is to allow easy connection between repositories, thus allowing federated search and harvesting of metadata, for example, by search engines or other interested parties. Operators of OER repositories from several federal states in Germany (HOOU, OERNDS, ORCA.nrw, VCRP, VHB, ZOERR) have developed a metadata profile focussing on OER in the context of higher education. The initiators strive to reach the mentioned objectives and to establish a standard in the field. The metadata profile is based on the well-established Learning Object Metadata Standard (LOM). The chapter describes the decision process and why certain choices are made to reach the intended goals. Furthermore, the importance of editorial supervision for a sound quality of the material and metadata will be discussed. The chances and challenges are illustrated based on practical experiences with the establishment and daily operation of the\n              Zentrales OER Repositorium der Hochschulen in Baden- Württemberg (ZOERR)\n              .","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,3]]},"author":[{"family":"Menzel","given":"Michael"}],"citation-key":"menzeldmpheor2023","container-title":"Distributed Learning Ecosystems","DOI":"10.1007/978-3-658-38703-7_14","editor":[{"family":"Otto","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"Scharnberg","given":"Gianna"},{"family":"Kerres","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Zawacki-Richter","given":"Olaf"}],"event-place":"Wiesbaden","ISBN":"978-3-658-38702-0 978-3-658-38703-7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"language":"en","page":"263-278","publisher":"Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden","publisher-place":"Wiesbaden","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Developing a Metadata Profile for Higher Education OER Repositories","type":"chapter","URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-658-38703-7_14"},
  {"id":"menzellheor2020","abstract":"Mehrere Hochschulinitiativen aus verschiedenen Bundesländern haben sich zum Ziel gesetzt, ihre offen lizenzierten und frei verfügbaren Materialien vernetzt und leicht zugänglich zu machen. Auf Basis des Learning Object Metadata Standard (LOM) wurde ein Metadatenprofil entwickelt, das die Grundlage für den Austausch der Metadaten bildet. Dabei sollen zum einen möglichst viele Informationen über die Open Educational Resources (OER) bereitgestellt werden, um sie treffend zu beschreiben und passgenau auffindbar zu machen. Zum anderen sind nur die unbedingt notwendigen Informationen verpflichtend, um die Hürde zur Bereitstellung durch Autorinnen und Autoren möglichst niedrig zu gestalten. Das vorgeschlagene Metadatenprofil soll die Grundlage für eine verteilte Metasuche bilden, die es ermöglicht, Lernmaterialien aus mehreren Repositorien mit einer einzigen Suche aufzufinden.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,2]]},"author":[{"family":"Menzel","given":"Michael"}],"citation-key":"menzellheor2020","container-title":"o-bib. Das offene Bibliotheksjournal / Herausgeber VDB","DOI":"10.5282/O-BIB/5579","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020",4,1]]},"language":"de","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","page":"1-10 Seiten","publisher":"o-bib. Das offene Bibliotheksjournal / Herausgeber VDB","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"LOM for Higher Education OER Repositories","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.o-bib.de/article/view/5579"},
  {"id":"metzgeralupikbiprut1993","author":[{"family":"Metzger","given":"Christoph"},{"family":"Henning","given":"Corinna"},{"family":"Hodel","given":"Markus"},{"family":"Luzi","given":"Richard"},{"family":"Waibel","given":"Roland"}],"citation-key":"metzgeralupikbiprut1993","collection-title":"Studien und Berichte des IWP","event-place":"St. Gallen","issue":"10","issued":{"date-parts":[["1993"]]},"language":"de","page":"136","publisher-place":"St. Gallen","title":"Anspruchsniveau von Lernzielen und Prüfungen im kognitiven Bereich : Inhaltsniveaus, Prozessniveaus, Reproduktion und Transfer","type":"book","URL":"https://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/handle/20.500.14171/64400"},
  {"id":"meyerlu2020","author":[{"family":"Meyer","given":"Hilbert"}],"citation-key":"meyerlu2020","edition":"10. Auflage","event-place":"Berlin","ISBN":"978-3-589-22458-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]},"language":"ger","number-of-pages":"256","publisher":"Cornelsen","publisher-place":"Berlin","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Leitfaden Unterrichtsvorbereitung","type":"book"},
  {"id":"meyeruip2021","author":[{"family":"Meyer","given":"Hilbert"},{"family":"Junghans","given":"Carola"}],"citation-key":"meyeruip2021","edition":"17., komplett überarbeitete Neuauflage","ISBN":"978-3-589-16844-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]},"publisher":"Cornelsen Pädagogik","title":"Unterrichtsmethoden II - Praxisband","type":"book"},
  {"id":"milessskosr2009","author":[{"family":"Miles","given":"Alistair"},{"family":"Bechhofer","given":"Sean"}],"citation-key":"milessskosr2009","issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]},"title":"SKOS Simple Knowledge Organization System Reference","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240307140634/https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"},
  {"id":"millerirdf1998","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Miller","given":"Eric"}],"citation-key":"millerirdf1998","container-title":"Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","container-title-short":"Bul. Am. Soc. Info. Sci. Tech.","DOI":"10.1002/bult.105","ISSN":"0095-4403, 1550-8366","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["1998",10]]},"language":"en","page":"15-19","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"An Introduction to the Resource Description Framework","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bult.105","volume":"25"},
  {"id":"misracsiai21icsprj2ppi2019","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"citation-key":"misracsiai21icsprj2ppi2019","collection-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","DOI":"10.1007/978-3-030-24296-1","editor":[{"family":"Misra","given":"Sanjay"},{"family":"Gervasi","given":"Osvaldo"},{"family":"Murgante","given":"Beniamino"},{"family":"Stankova","given":"Elena"},{"family":"Korkhov","given":"Vladimir"},{"family":"Torre","given":"Carmelo"},{"family":"Rocha","given":"Ana Maria A.C."},{"family":"Taniar","given":"David"},{"family":"Apduhan","given":"Bernady O."},{"family":"Tarantino","given":"Eufemia"}],"event-place":"Cham","ISBN":"978-3-030-24295-4 978-3-030-24296-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]},"language":"en","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","publisher-place":"Cham","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2019: 19th International Conference, Saint Petersburg, Russia, July 1–4, 2019, Proceedings, Part II","title-short":"Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2019","type":"book","URL":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-24296-1","volume":"11620"},
  {"id":"mitchellmblssa2006","author":[{"family":"Mitchell","given":"Nicole"}],"citation-key":"mitchellmblssa2006","issue":"3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]},"language":"en","source":"Zotero","title":"Metadata Basics: A Literature Survey and Subject Analysis","type":"article-journal","volume":"54"},
  {"id":"moellertlmupl1976","author":[{"family":"Möller","given":"Christine"}],"citation-key":"moellertlmupl1976","collection-number":"7","collection-title":"Beltz-Studienbuch","edition":"5","event-place":"Weinheim","ISBN":"978-3-407-18207-4","issued":{"date-parts":[["1976"]]},"language":"ger","number-of-pages":"342","publisher":"Beltz","publisher-place":"Weinheim","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Technik der Lernplanung: Methoden und Probleme der Lernzielerstellung","title-short":"Technik der Lernplanung","type":"book"},
  {"id":"moodlea2019","citation-key":"moodlea2019","editor":[{"family":"Moodle","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]},"title":"Analytics-Indikatoren","type":"document","URL":"http://web.archive.org/web/20240301133224/https://docs.moodle.org/403/de/Analytics-Indikatoren"},
  {"id":"moodleaa2022","author":[{"family":"Moodle","given":""}],"citation-key":"moodleaa2022","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022"]]},"title":"Analytics API","type":"document","URL":"http://web.archive.org/web/20231122231640/https://moodledev.io/docs/apis/subsystems/analytics"},
  {"id":"moshamscpdrrdrheisr2023","abstract":"This systematic review synthesised existing research papers that explore the available metadata standards to enable researchers to preserve, discover, and reuse research data in repositories. This review provides a broad overview of certain aspects that must be taken into consideration when creating and assessing metadata standards to enhance research data preservation discoverability and reusability strategies. Research papers on metadata standards, research data preservation, discovery and reuse, and repositories published between January 2003 and April 2023 were reviewed from a total of five databases. The review retrieved 1597 papers, and 13 papers were selected in this review. We revealed 13 research articles that explained the creation and application of metadata standards to enhance preservation, discovery, and reuse of research data in repositories. Among them, eight presented the three main types of metadata, descriptive, structural, and administrative, to enable the preservation of research data in data repositories. We noted limited evidence on how these metadata standards can be used to enhance the discovery and reuse of research data in repositories to enable the preservation, discovery, and reuse of research data in repositories. No reviews indicated specific higher education institutions employing metadata standards for the research data created by their researchers. Repository designs and a lack of expertise and technology know-how were among the challenges identified from the reviewed papers. The review has the potential to influence professional practice and decision-making by stakeholders, including researchers, students, librarians, information communication technologists, data managers, private and public organisations, intermediaries, research institutions, and non-profit organizations.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Mosha","given":"Neema Florence"},{"family":"Ngulube","given":"Patrick"}],"citation-key":"moshamscpdrrdrheisr2023","container-title":"Information","container-title-short":"Information","DOI":"10.3390/info14080427","ISSN":"2078-2489","issue":"8","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023",7,28]]},"language":"en","page":"427","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Metadata Standard for Continuous Preservation, Discovery, and Reuse of Research Data in Repositories by Higher Education Institutions: A Systematic Review","title-short":"Metadata Standard for Continuous Preservation, Discovery, and Reuse of Research Data in Repositories by Higher Education Institutions","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/8/427","volume":"14"},
  {"id":"motzpda","abstract":"Nowadays, most academic courses have a web site associated with information about them; however they are not based on a formal pedagogic design. It is used to include on the web site all the material used on a traditional course online, without modifying its sequence or the way the information is presented, to a blended or distance course. The Pedagogic Assistant developed propose a solution to this problem, using SCORM and an extended LOM as standards, as well as a customize rules mechanism that allows the formalization of a pedagogic design which will be used to validate no just blended or distance courses, but also any digital course material.","author":[{"family":"Motz","given":"Regina"},{"family":"Rogatis","given":"Natalia De"},{"family":"Millot","given":"Nicolás"},{"family":"Oliva","given":"Javier"}],"citation-key":"motzpda","language":"en","source":"Zotero","title":"Pedagogic Design Assistant","type":"article-journal"},
  {"id":"msbfuad2023","author":[{"family":"MSB","given":""}],"citation-key":"msbfuad2023","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"title":"Fragen und Antworten zum Datenschutz","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231206101912/https://www.schulministerium.nrw/fragen-und-antworten-zum-datenschutz"},
  {"id":"muellercuhsffvboabpnnnwmi2019","abstract":"Norwegen ist auch in der deutschen Diskussion um freie Bildungsmaterialien durch Beiträge auf OER-Konferenzen und einzelnen Veröffentlichungen in regelmäßigen Abständen kurz als beispielgebend thematisiert worden1. Dabei blieben viele Details jedoch im Unklaren. Die vorliegende Studie und die damit verbundene Publikation haben sich zum Ziel gesetzt, den Leser_innen einen Einblick in die Entwicklungen und die Erfahrungen der norwegischen Kolleg_innen zu geben. Dabei kommen sowohl neun Mitarbeiter_innen von NDLA zu Wort als auch Kooperationspartner, ein Vertreter aus der Bildungspolitik und ein Vertreter der Schulbuchverlage. (DIPF/Orig.)","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,16]]},"author":[{"family":"Müller","given":"Frank J."}],"citation-key":"muellercuhsffvboabpnnnwmi2019","contributor":[{"literal":"DIPF | Leibniz-Institut für Bildungsforschung und Bildungsinformation"}],"DOI":"10.25656/01:16993","issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]},"language":"de","license":"Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International","publisher":"Verlag ZLL21 e.V. : Hamburg","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Chancen und Herausforderungen staatlich finanzierter, frei verfügbarer Bildungsmaterialien (OER) am Beispiel der Plattform ndla.no in Norwegen. Ein Weg zu mehr Inklusion?","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.pedocs.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=16993"},
  {"id":"mueskensizqoie12022","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,18]]},"author":[{"family":"Müskens","given":"Wolfgang"},{"family":"Zawacki-Richter","given":"Olaf"},{"family":"Dolch","given":"Carina"}],"citation-key":"mueskensizqoie12022","DOI":"10.13140/RG.2.2.16987.03363/1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022"]]},"language":"de","publisher":"Unpublished","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Instrument zur Qualitätssicherung von OER - IQOer – Entwicklungsversion 17","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://rgdoi.net/10.13140/RG.2.2.16987.03363/1","version":"1"},
  {"id":"muuss-meerholzosnfq1douw2019","abstract":"Mit OER werden viele Themen verbunden, die gar keine OER-spezifischen Fragen sind, argumentiert Jöran Muuß-Merholz in seinem Meinungsbeitrag.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,19]]},"author":[{"family":"Muuß-Meerholz","given":"Jöran"}],"citation-key":"muuss-meerholzosnfq1douw2019","container-title":"OERinfo – Informationsstelle OER","issued":{"date-parts":[["2019",3,19]]},"language":"de-DE","section":"Allgemein","title":"„Das ‘O’ in ‘OER’ steht nicht für ‘Qualität’!“ 10 Dinge, die OER untergeschoben werden","type":"post-weblog","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231219091331/https://open-educational-resources.de/das-o-in-oer-steht-nicht-fuer-qualitaet-10-dinge-die-oer-untergeschoben-werden/"},
  {"id":"muuss-meerholzzdooerrndwadav2015","abstract":"Deutsche Übersetzung der 5Rs von David Wiley – Offenheit definieren (Retain, Reuse, Revise, Remix, Redistribute)","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,6]]},"author":[{"family":"Muuß-Meerholz","given":"Jöran"}],"citation-key":"muuss-meerholzzdooerrndwadav2015","container-title":"OERinfo – Informationsstelle OER","issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]},"language":"de-DE","section":"Allgemein","title":"Zur Definition von „Open“ in „Open Educational Resources“ – die 5 R-Freiheiten nach David Wiley auf Deutsch als die 5 V-Freiheiten","type":"post-weblog","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230607030953/https://open-educational-resources.de/5rs-auf-deutsch/"},
  {"id":"mwanzamcee2005","abstract":"The use of e-learning environments to support teaching and learning has had great impact on the way content is developed and managed. In most cases, both teachers and students have had to re-adapt the way they prepare, access and engage with educational matter. The adjustment in human mechanisms for organising and interacting with educational content has become necessary due to the re-mediation of established practices through the introduction of software-based techniques to structure content, for example, using metadata. Whilst metadata standards provide effective guidelines for organising content in web-based e-learning environments, technology-based approaches to managing educational resources do not fully address social-cultural and pedagogical aspects of users in the context in which teaching and learning takes place. In this regard, the effectiveness of using metadata to structure the discovery and access to educational content should be considered in relation to the extent by which metadata descriptors are associated with established socio-cultural and pedagogical practices. Towards this end, we reflect on potential contributions of social-cultural and learning theories to the task of managing content in e-learning environments. The paper presents an activity-centred approach to abstracting contextually and pedagogically enriched metadata descriptions of educational content and interactions with learning objects.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,18]]},"author":[{"family":"Mwanza","given":"Daisy"},{"family":"Engeström","given":"Yrjö"}],"citation-key":"mwanzamcee2005","container-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology","DOI":"10.1111/j.1467-8535.2005.00479.x","ISSN":"1467-8535","issue":"3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2005"]]},"language":"en","page":"453-463","source":"Wiley Online Library","title":"Managing content in e-learning environments","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2005.00479.x","volume":"36"},
  {"id":"najjarilorae2003","author":[{"family":"Najjar","given":"Jehad"},{"family":"Duval","given":"Erik"},{"family":"Ternier","given":"Stefaan"},{"family":"Neven","given":"Filip"}],"citation-key":"najjarilorae2003","container-title":"Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference WWW/Internet 2003: Algarve, Portugal, November 5 - 8, 2003","editor":[{"family":"Isaías","given":"Pedro"},{"family":"International Association for Development of the Information Society","given":""}],"event-place":"Algarve","ISBN":"978-972-98947-1-8","issued":{"date-parts":[["2003"]]},"language":"eng","publisher-place":"Algarve","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Towards Interoperable Learning Object Repositories. The Ariadne Experience.","type":"chapter"},
  {"id":"najjarilorcg2004","author":[{"family":"Najjar","given":"Jehad"},{"family":"Ternier","given":"Stefaan"},{"family":"Duval","given":"Erik"}],"citation-key":"najjarilorcg2004","container-title":"IADIS International Journal on WWW/Internet","ISSN":"1645-7641","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2004"]]},"page":"1-16","title":"Interoperability of Learning Object Repositories: Complications and Guidelines","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240318120335/https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=7b553da6864bf272d6d7f97da5c4b8384e0d916a","volume":"2"},
  {"id":"navarretebagoer2018","abstract":"Open Educational Resources (OER) are being fostered as a global movement for providing educational opportunities to all. However, people with disabilities are still excluded from full participation because of the lack of accessibility of OER websites, as well as of the resources themselves. This work presents a proposal for the design of OER websites that would enable equitable access for all users. This design aims to bridge the accessibility gap through the personalization of the whole OER environment to facilitate an accessible User Experience (UX) based on a user profile that includes the self-identification of disability status. This profile configures not only the ‘‘look and feel’’ of the interface but also the delivery of educational resources suitable for this user profile. To achieve this purpose, the design goes beyond compliance with the ISO/ IEC 40500 W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0, since it includes the personalization of the accessible experience through usability considerations and adaptations of educational resources. The delivery of educational resources matches the user’s profile with regard to their sensory abilities, cognitive faculties and their requirements of functionality control, display layout and language. As a proof of concept, we have developed an OER website based on this design and have conducted a set of UX tests that include users with different disabilities.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Navarrete","given":"Rosa"},{"family":"Luján-Mora","given":"Sergio"}],"citation-key":"navarretebagoer2018","container-title":"Universal Access in the Information Society","container-title-short":"Univ Access Inf Soc","DOI":"10.1007/s10209-017-0529-9","ISSN":"1615-5289, 1615-5297","issue":"4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2018",11]]},"language":"en","page":"755-774","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Bridging the accessibility gap in Open Educational Resources","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10209-017-0529-9","volume":"17"},
  {"id":"ncesnfes2021","author":[{"family":"NCES","given":""}],"citation-key":"ncesnfes2021","collection-title":"Forum Guide to Metadata (NFES 2021110)","event-place":"Washington, DC","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]},"publisher":"National Center for Education Statistics","publisher-place":"Washington, DC","title":"National Forum on Education Statistics","type":"book","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221018074338/https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2021/NFES2021110.pdf"},
  {"id":"nerioloscg2009","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Neri","given":"Mario Arrigoni"},{"family":"Colombetti","given":"Marco"}],"citation-key":"nerioloscg2009","container-title":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","container-title-short":"Appl. Artificial Intelligence","DOI":"10.1080/08839510802715134","ISSN":"0883-9514","issue":"3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2009",3]]},"language":"en","page":"233-260","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"ONTOLOGY-BASED LEARNING OBJECTS SEARCH AND COURSES GENERATION","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08839510802715134","volume":"23"},
  {"id":"neumannoero2013","abstract":"Zusammenfassung:\n            Der Beitrag stellt einführend Open Educational Resources (OER) als ein mögliches zukünftiges Handlungsgebiet für wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken vor. Dazu werden die Grundlagen des OER-Begriffs erläutert und eine 2012 an der Universität Strathclyde (Glasgow) durchgeführte Studie zur Beteiligung von Bibliotheken und Bibliothekaren an OER-Projekten vorgestellt, die zum Ergebnis kommt, dass diese wichtige Kompetenzen in OER-Projekte einbringen können, was allerdings sowohl seitens der Bibliotheken als auch seitens vieler OER-Projekte noch nicht ausreichend bekannt sei. Nach Ansicht des Autors bietet OER wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken die Chance, noch stärker am akademischen Lehrprozess zu partizipieren als bisher. Dabei entstehen neue Herausforderungen in den Bereichen Bewusstseinsbildung, Metadatenstandardisierung, Bereitstellung von OER, Herstellung von OER und OER-Management.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,2]]},"author":[{"family":"Neumann","given":"Jan"}],"citation-key":"neumannoero2013","container-title":"Bibliotheksdienst","DOI":"10.1515/bd-2013-0094","ISSN":"2194-9646, 0006-1972","issue":"11","issued":{"date-parts":[["2013",11,27]]},"page":"805-819","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Open Educational Resources (OER)","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/bd-2013-0094/html","volume":"47"},
  {"id":"neumannrrildew2010","abstract":"An IMS Learning Design Expert Workshop was held at the University of Vienna on November 20 & 21, 2008. This report contains a description of the purpose of the workshop, its methodologies and results. Participating experts first brainstormed visions and problems of IMS Learning Design (IMS LD), and then developed potential solutions to some of the identified problems. Three groups formed to work on two of the identified problems in more depth: the usability and utility problem, and the life cycle of a unit of learning problem. The proposed solutions regarding the usability and utility problem were to investigate how teachers' and learners' representations of a learning design can be brought together, and to set up a research program to identify how teachers cognitively proceed when designing courses and to map this knowledge to IMS LD. In regard to the life cycle of a unit of learning problem, the group suggested a system that continually exchanges information between runtime and editing systems so that units of learning can be updated accordingly.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,16]]},"author":[{"family":"Neumann","given":"Susanne"},{"family":"Klebl","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Griffiths","given":"Dai"},{"family":"Hernández-Leo","given":"Davinia"},{"family":"De La Fuente Valentín","given":"Luis"},{"family":"Hummel","given":"Hans"},{"family":"Brouns","given":"Francis"},{"family":"Derntl","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Oberhuemer","given":"Petra"}],"citation-key":"neumannrrildew2010","container-title":"International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET)","container-title-short":"Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Learn.","DOI":"10.3991/ijet.v5i1.1045","ISSN":"1863-0383","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2010",2,23]]},"page":"58","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Report of the Results of an IMS Learning Design Expert Workshop","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jet/article/view/1045","volume":"5"},
  {"id":"niegemannhnjfsuhuknfiu2001","abstract":"Berichtet wird über eine deskriptive Analyse des Fragenstellens im Unterricht an einem Wirtschaftsgymnasium. Im Mittelpunkt der Studie standen Schülerfragen, es wurden jedoch auch die Fragen der Lehrer erfasst. Ausgehend von Theorien des Fragenstellens wurde eine Taxonomie von Fragen zusammengestellt und ein Schema für die Analyse der Aufzeichnung von Unterricht entworfen. Untersucht wurden 40 Unterrichtsstunden von insgesamt 10 Klassen mit 10 unterschiedlichen Lehrern. Insgesamt zeigten sich erhebliche Unterschiede zwischen den Klassen. Meist stellten nur wenige Schüler in einer Klasse Fragen. Nur sehr wenige Schüler- wie auch Lehrerfragen waren \"anspruchsvolle\" Fragen. Annahmen über Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Fragenstellen von Schülern und Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen (insbesondere Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung) konnten nicht bestätigt werden. Es wird vorgeschlagen, Aspekten des Fragenstellens in der Lehrerausbildung mehr Aufmerksamkeit zu widmen. (ZPID)","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,8]]},"author":[{"family":"Niegemann","given":"Helmut"},{"family":"Stadler","given":"Silke"}],"citation-key":"niegemannhnjfsuhuknfiu2001","contributor":[{"literal":"DIPF | Leibniz-Institut für Bildungsforschung und Bildungsinformation"}],"DOI":"10.25656/01:7716","ISSN":"0340-4099","issued":{"date-parts":[["2001"]]},"language":"de","license":"Deutsches Urheberrecht","publisher":"Beltz Juventa : Weinheim","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Hat noch jemand eine Frage? Systematische Unterrichtsbeobachtung zu Häufigkeit und kognitivem Niveau von Fragen im Unterricht","title-short":"Hat noch jemand eine Frage?","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.pedocs.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=7716"},
  {"id":"niegemannkml2008","author":[{"family":"Niegemann","given":"Helmut M."},{"family":"Domagk","given":"Steffi"},{"family":"Hessel","given":"Silviav"},{"family":"Hein","given":"Alexandra"},{"family":"Hupfer","given":"Matthias"},{"family":"Zobel","given":"Annett"}],"citation-key":"niegemannkml2008","collection-title":"X.media.press","DOI":"10.1007/978-3-540-37226-4","event-place":"Berlin Heidelberg","ISBN":"978-3-540-37226-4 978-3-540-37225-7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2008"]]},"language":"ger","number-of-pages":"679","publisher":"Springer","publisher-place":"Berlin Heidelberg","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Kompendium multimediales Lernen","type":"book"},
  {"id":"nilssonihmsdefmh2010","author":[{"family":"Nilsson","given":"Mikael"}],"citation-key":"nilssonihmsdefmh2010","event-place":"Stockholm","ISBN":"978-91-7415-800-7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]},"language":"eng","note":"OCLC: 702322832","publisher":"Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan","publisher-place":"Stockholm","source":"Open WorldCat","title":"From interoperability to harmonization in metadata standardization designing an evolvable framework for metadata harmonization","type":"book","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221013051438/https://kmr.dialectica.se/papers/SemanticWeb/FromInteropToHarm-MikaelsThesis.pdf"},
  {"id":"nisoanz8dcmes2013","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,5]]},"author":[{"literal":"NISO"}],"citation-key":"nisoanz8dcmes2013","DOI":"10.3789/ansi.niso.z39.85-2012","issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]},"language":"en","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"ANSI/NISO Z39.85-2012, The Dublin Core Metadata Element Set","type":"report","URL":"https://www.niso.org/publications/ansiniso-z3985-2012-dublin-core-metadata-element-set"},
  {"id":"nisogcfmmcv2010","author":[{"family":"NISO","given":""}],"citation-key":"nisogcfmmcv2010","event-place":"Bethesda, Md.","ISBN":"978-1-880124-65-9","issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]},"language":"eng","note":"OCLC: 59757037","publisher":"NISO Press","publisher-place":"Bethesda, Md.","source":"Open WorldCat","title":"Guidelines for the construction, format, and management of monolingual controlled vocabulary","type":"book","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221204175852/https://groups.niso.org/higherlogic/ws/public/download/12591/z39-19-2005r2010.pdf"},
  {"id":"nogueras-isoqmodp2021","abstract":"During the last decade, numerous governmental, educational or cultural institutions have launched Open Data initiatives that have facilitated the access to large volumes of datasets on the web. The main way to disseminate this availability of data has been the deployment of Open Data catalogs exposing metadata of these datasets, which are easily indexed by web search engines. Open Source platforms have facilitated enormously the labor of institutions involved in Open Data initiatives, making the setup of Open Data portals almost a trivial task. However, few approaches have analyzed how precisely metadata describes the associated datasets. Taking into account the existing approaches for analyzing the quality of metadata in the Open Data context and other related domains, this work contributes to the state of the art by extending an ISO 19157 based method for checking the quality of geographic metadata to the context of Open Data metadata. Focusing on metadata models compliant with the Data Catalog Vocabulary proposed by W3C, the proposed extended method has been applied for the evaluation of the Open Data catalog of the Spanish Government. The results have been also compared with those obtained by the Metadata Quality Assessment methodology proposed at the European Data Portal.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Nogueras-Iso","given":"Javier"},{"family":"Lacasta","given":"Javier"},{"family":"Urena-Camara","given":"Manuel Antonio"},{"family":"Ariza-Lopez","given":"Francisco Javier"}],"citation-key":"nogueras-isoqmodp2021","container-title":"IEEE Access","container-title-short":"IEEE Access","DOI":"10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3073455","ISSN":"2169-3536","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]},"language":"en","page":"60364-60382","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Quality of Metadata in Open Data Portals","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9405650/","volume":"9"},
  {"id":"nollervlulwssuwss2024","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,19]]},"author":[{"family":"Noller","given":"Jörg"}],"citation-key":"nollervlulwssuwss2024","container-title":"Medien-Räume","DOI":"10.1007/978-3-658-43047-4_2","editor":[{"family":"Noller","given":"Jörg"},{"family":"Beitz-Radzio","given":"Christina"},{"family":"Förg","given":"Melanie"},{"family":"Johst","given":"Sandra Eleonore"},{"family":"Kugelmann","given":"Daniela"},{"family":"Sontheimer","given":"Sabrina"},{"family":"Westerholz","given":"Sören"}],"event-place":"Wiesbaden","ISBN":"978-3-658-43046-7 978-3-658-43047-4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"language":"de","page":"13-24","publisher":"Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden","publisher-place":"Wiesbaden","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Virtuelle Lehr- und Lernräume: Was sie sind und was sie sollen","title-short":"Virtuelle Lehr- und Lernräume","type":"chapter","URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-658-43047-4_2"},
  {"id":"normannalpsblsns2023","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,12]]},"author":[{"family":"Normann","given":"Marc"},{"family":"Haug","given":"Jim"},{"family":"Valencia","given":"Yeimy"},{"family":"Abke","given":"Jörg"},{"family":"Hagel","given":"Georg"}],"citation-key":"normannalpsblsns2023","container-title":"Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Software Engineering Education","DOI":"10.1145/3593663.3593676","event-place":"Seeon/Bavaria Germany","event-title":"ECSEE 2023: European Conference on Software Engineering Education","ISBN":"978-1-4503-9956-2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023",6,19]]},"language":"en","page":"56-64","publisher":"ACM","publisher-place":"Seeon/Bavaria Germany","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Adaptive Learning Path Sequencing Based on Learning Styles within N-dimensional Spaces","type":"paper-conference","URL":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3593663.3593676"},
  {"id":"nourescoer","author":[{"family":"Nour","given":"Morwan MOHAMED"}],"citation-key":"nourescoer","language":"en","source":"Zotero","title":"An End-to-end Solution for Complex Open Educational Resources","type":"article-journal"},
  {"id":"ochoaaemqdr2009","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,17]]},"author":[{"family":"Ochoa","given":"Xavier"},{"family":"Duval","given":"Erik"}],"citation-key":"ochoaaemqdr2009","container-title":"International Journal on Digital Libraries","container-title-short":"Int J Digit Libr","DOI":"10.1007/s00799-009-0054-4","ISSN":"1432-5012, 1432-1300","issue":"2-3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2009",8]]},"language":"en","page":"67-91","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Automatic evaluation of metadata quality in digital repositories","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00799-009-0054-4","volume":"10"},
  {"id":"oecdgkfeoer2007","author":[{"family":"OECD","given":""}],"citation-key":"oecdgkfeoer2007","event-place":"Paris, France","ISBN":"978-92-64-03212-5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2007"]]},"language":"eng","note":"OCLC: 181104428","publisher":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development","publisher-place":"Paris, France","source":"Open WorldCat","title":"Giving knowledge for free: the emergence of open educational resources","title-short":"Giving knowledge for free","type":"book"},
  {"id":"oedessr2022","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,19]]},"author":[{"family":"OEde","given":""}],"citation-key":"oedessr2022","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022"]]},"title":"Standards, Spezifikationen, Rahmenbedingungen","type":"webpage","URL":"https://wiki.oer-contentbuffet.info/confluence/oede/de/infrastruktur-fuer-oer-konzepte-und-loesungen-aus-der-oerde-community-neuauflage-2022/0-standards-spezifikationen-rahmenbedingungen"},
  {"id":"oellersavb2023","author":[{"family":"Oellers","given":"Manuel"}],"citation-key":"oellersavb2023","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"title":"Architekturkonzept: Vernetzte Bildungsinfrastruktur","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240123075827/https://comein.nrw/portal/ags/metaportal/architekturkonzept/"},
  {"id":"oellersilpmtpv2024","author":[{"family":"Oellers","given":"Manuel"},{"family":"Junker","given":"Robin"},{"family":"Holodynski","given":"Manfred"}],"citation-key":"oellersilpmtpv2024","container-title":"Frontiers in Education","container-title-short":"Front. Educ.","DOI":"10.3389/feduc.2024.1305073","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"title":"Individual learning paths mastering teachers' professional vision","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2024.1305073/full","volume":"9"},
  {"id":"oellerskdm2024","author":[{"family":"Oellers","given":"Manuel"},{"family":"Rörtgen","given":"Steffen"}],"citation-key":"oellerskdm2024","DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.10828759","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024",3]]},"publisher":"Zenodo","title":"Kompendium: Didaktische Metadaten","type":"document","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10828759","version":"1.0.0"},
  {"id":"oersiiavdcdcc2024","author":[{"family":"OERSI","given":""}],"citation-key":"oersiiavdcdcc2024","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"title":"Introduce additional vocabulary for `about` to describe cross discipline core competencies","type":"document","URL":"https://gitlab.com/oersi/oersi-etl/-/issues/251"},
  {"id":"ohlyguwnafwwuiptdsigfwh22s12000","call-number":"Z666.5 .I58 1999","citation-key":"ohlyguwnafwwuiptdsigfwh22s12000","collection-number":"Bd. 6","collection-title":"Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation","editor":[{"family":"Ohly","given":"H. Peter"},{"family":"Rahmstorf","given":"Gerhard"},{"family":"Sigel","given":"Alexander"}],"event-place":"Würzburg","ISBN":"978-3-933563-78-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2000"]]},"number-of-pages":"450","publisher":"Ergon","publisher-place":"Würzburg","source":"Library of Congress ISBN","title":"Globalisierung und Wissensorganisation: neue Aspekte für Wissen, Wissenschaft und Informationssysteme: Proceedings der 6. Tagung der Deutsche Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation, Hamburg, 23.-25. September 1999","title-short":"Globalisierung und Wissensorganisation","type":"book"},
  {"id":"okcoergr2","abstract":"A curated database and repository to identify, collect, preserve and disseminate documents related to open educational resources","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,19]]},"citation-key":"okcoergr2","container-title":"The OER Knowledge Cloud","title":"The OER Knowledge Cloud: Open Educational Resources: Global Report 2017","title-short":"The OER Knowledge Cloud","type":"webpage","URL":"http://hdl.handle.net/11599/2788"},
  {"id":"ortizoeralorbdt2023","abstract":"This article presents an analysis of educational metadata related to the learning objectives employed in Educational Objects and in teachers' activities at PhET Colorado. We have as main question, how the teachers have appropriated the educational objects available in PhET for the construction of activities. To this end, the research is based on the cognitive principles of Bloom's digital taxonomy and its adaptations to classify learning objectives. As a result, we found that teachers apply learning objectives in a more diversified way in the construction of their activities, and explore the six levels of taxonomy in a more harmonious way.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Ortiz","given":"José Oxlei De Souza"},{"family":"Kwecko","given":"Viviani"},{"family":"Tolêdo","given":"Fernando"},{"family":"Devincenzi","given":"Sam"},{"family":"Botelho","given":"Silvia Silva Da Costa"}],"citation-key":"ortizoeralorbdt2023","container-title":"A LOOK AT DEVELOPMENT","DOI":"10.56238/alookdevelopv1-196","edition":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023",7,7]]},"language":"en","publisher":"Seven Editora","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Open educational resources: An analysis of the learning objectives referenced by Bloom's digital taxonomy","title-short":"Open educational resources","type":"chapter","URL":"https://sevenpublicacoes.com.br/index.php/editora/article/view/1847"},
  {"id":"oserculbu1990","author":[{"family":"Oser","given":"F."},{"family":"Patry","given":"J.L."}],"citation-key":"oserculbu1990","collection-number":"89","collection-title":"Berichte zur Erziehungswissenschaft","issued":{"date-parts":[["1990"]]},"publisher":"Pädagogisches Institut der Universität Freiburg","title":"Choreographien unterrichtlichen Lernens: Basismodelle des Unterrichts","type":"book"},
  {"id":"ottodlecrr2023","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"citation-key":"ottodlecrr2023","DOI":"10.1007/978-3-658-38703-7","editor":[{"family":"Otto","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"Scharnberg","given":"Gianna"},{"family":"Kerres","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Zawacki-Richter","given":"Olaf"}],"event-place":"Wiesbaden","ISBN":"978-3-658-38702-0 978-3-658-38703-7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"language":"en","publisher":"Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden","publisher-place":"Wiesbaden","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Distributed Learning Ecosystems: Concepts, Resources, and Repositories","title-short":"Distributed Learning Ecosystems","type":"book","URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-658-38703-7"},
  {"id":"p21f2cld2019","author":[{"family":"P21","given":""}],"citation-key":"p21f2cld2019","issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]},"title":"Framework for 21st century learning definitions","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240307235641/https://www.battelleforkids.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/P21_Framework_DefinitionsBFK.pdf"},
  {"id":"palavitsinismqdrercdtqap2014","abstract":"Metadata quality presents a challenge faced by many digital repositories. There is a variety of proposed quality assurance frameworks applied in repositories that are deployed in various contexts. Although studies report that there is an improvement of the quality of the metadata in many of the applications, the transfer of a successful approach from one application context to another has not been studied to a satisfactory extent. This article presents the empirical results of the application of a metadata quality assurance process that has been developed and successfully applied in an educational context (learning repositories) to 2 different application contexts to compare results with the previous application and assess its generalizability. More specifically, it reports results from the adaptation and application of this process in a library context (institutional repositories) and in a cultural context (digital cultural repositories). Initial empirical findings indicate that content providers seem to be gaining a better understanding of metadata when the proposed process is put in place and that the quality of the produced metadata records increases.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Palavitsinis","given":"Nikos"},{"family":"Manouselis","given":"Nikos"},{"family":"Sanchez‐Alonso","given":"Salvador"}],"citation-key":"palavitsinismqdrercdtqap2014","container-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","container-title-short":"Asso for Info Science & Tech","DOI":"10.1002/asi.23045","ISSN":"2330-1635, 2330-1643","issue":"6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2014",6]]},"language":"en","page":"1202-1216","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Metadata quality in digital repositories: Empirical results from the cross‐domain transfer of a quality assurance process","title-short":"Metadata quality in digital repositories","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.23045","volume":"65"},
  {"id":"palemmemacpiecpls2021","abstract":"To make online learning systems (OLSs) effective, it is important to make sure that the learners get the learning objects (LOs) according to their pedagogical suitability and requirements. To assess the suitability of an LO, sufficient information of it is required to be available. These information can be specified as metadata of the document. But there is a dearth of metadata defined for educational documents. Existing standard metadata models like IEEE LOM and others are promising but lack in capturing some crucial learning and pedagogical aspects of LOs. In this paper, we propose a new metadata model that has extended the IEEE LOM to provide an extensive set of metadata for LOs. The proposed metadata seem adequate to describe the contextual learning and pedagogical information of any text and web document based LO. But only specifying the metadata is not sufficient; they need to be extracted from a learning content automatically so that these information can be used by the learners and the OLSs and the educational recommendation systems. Automated extraction of metadata from e-learning contents is a non-trivial task. In view of that, we have provided extraction mechanisms for each of the specified metadata, separately. The experimental results show that the proposed extraction methods are quite accurate in identifying and retrieving the different educational metadata. The statistical inferences of the automated and manual extractions are found to have substantial similarities for each of the extracted metadata element.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Pal","given":"Saurabh"},{"family":"Pramanik","given":"Pijush Kanti Dutta"},{"family":"Choudhury","given":"Prasenjit"}],"citation-key":"palemmemacpiecpls2021","container-title":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","container-title-short":"Multimed Tools Appl","DOI":"10.1007/s11042-020-10380-z","ISSN":"1380-7501, 1573-7721","issue":"16","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021",7]]},"language":"en","page":"25309-25366","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Enhanced metadata modelling and extraction methods to acquire contextual pedagogical information from e-learning contents for personalised learning systems","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11042-020-10380-z","volume":"80"},
  {"id":"papenkortwdme2015","author":[{"family":"Papenkort","given":"Ulrich"},{"family":"Iberer","given":"Ulrich"},{"family":"Alsheimer","given":"Martin"},{"family":"Müller","given":"Ulrich"}],"citation-key":"papenkortwdme2015","collection-title":"DIE Zeitschrift für Erwachsenenbildung","container-title":"Lehren lernen/können","DOI":"10.3278/DIE1503W","editor":[{"family":"Schrader","given":"Josef"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]},"page":"44-45","title":"Ein Wegweiser durch den Methoden-Dschungel in der Erwachsenenbildung","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3278/DIE1503W","volume":"3"},
  {"id":"pariserfbwihy2011","abstract":"The hidden rise of personalization on the Internet is controlling--and limiting--the information we consume. In 2009, Google began customizing its search results. Instead of giving you the most broadly popular result, Google now tries to predict what you are most likely to click on. According to MoveOn.org board president Eli Pariser, this change is symptomatic of the most significant shift to take place on the Web in recent years--the rise of personalization. Though the phenomenon has gone largely undetected until now, personalized filters are sweeping the Web, creating individual universes of information for each of us. Data companies track your personal information to sell to advertisers, from your political leanings to the hiking boots you just browsed on Zappos. In a personalized world, we will increasingly be typed and fed only news that is pleasant, familiar, and confirms our beliefs--and because these filters are invisible, we won't know what is being hidden from us. Our past interests will determine what we are exposed to in the future, leaving less room for the unexpected encounters that spark creativity, innovation, and the democratic exchange of ideas.--From publisher description","author":[{"family":"Pariser","given":"Eli"}],"call-number":"ZA4237 .P37 2011","citation-key":"pariserfbwihy2011","event-place":"New York","ISBN":"978-1-59420-300-8","issued":{"date-parts":[["2011"]]},"note":"OCLC: ocn682892628","number-of-pages":"294","publisher":"Penguin Press","publisher-place":"New York","source":"Library of Congress ISBN","title":"The filter bubble: what the Internet is hiding from you","title-short":"The filter bubble","type":"book"},
  {"id":"parkmcmqccencmp2023","author":[{"family":"Park","given":"Jung-ran"}],"citation-key":"parkmcmqccencmp2023","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"language":"en","source":"Zotero","title":"From Metadata Creation to Metadata Quality Control: Continuing Education Needs Among Cataloging and Metadata Professionals","type":"article-journal"},
  {"id":"pavaniorlo2016","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Pavani","given":"Ana M.B."}],"citation-key":"pavaniorlo2016","container-title":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","container-title-short":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","DOI":"10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.07.173","ISSN":"24058963","issue":"6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]},"language":"en","page":"174-179","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"An Overview of Repositories of Learning Objects","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2405896316303780","volume":"49"},
  {"id":"pawlowskieevzecl2001","abstract":"Das Essener-Lern-Modell (ELM) ist ein generisches Vorgehensmodell, das den Entwicklungsprozess von computerunterstützten Lernumgebungen unterstützt. Während Modelle der Softwareentwicklung, didaktische Modelle oder Domänen-spezifische Modelle nur Teilbereiche des Entwicklungsprozesses umfassen, unterstützt das Essener-Lern-Modell den Entwicklungsprozess von der Curriculumentwicklung bis zu Entwicklung von Lerneinheiten. Hinzu kommen Querschnittsfunktionen wie Projektmanagement, Prozessintegration und Qualitätssicherung. Das Essener-Lern-Modell integriert die Spezifikation und Verwendung von Lerntechnologiestandards wie LOM und SCORM. Zusätzlich wird eine Spezifikation zur Beschreibung des Anwendungskontextes und von didaktischen Modellen entwickelt, die in Verbindung mit bestehenden Standards ein Rahmenkonzept für die Interoperabilität von Lernmanagementsystemen und Lernumgebungen liefert. Die ELM-Applikation ist ein Werkzeug, das zur Unterstützung von Entwicklungsteams implementiert wurde und die Konzepte des Essener-Lern-Modells umsetzt. Aus den Konzepten und Spezifikationen werden von der ELM-Applikation computerunterstützte Lernumgebungen in XML generiert, die exemplarisch dargestellt werden.The Essen Learning Model is a generic development model, supporting developers, educators, and users on different levels of educational activities. Existing software engineering models, pedagogical models, and domain-specific models solely support parts of the development process. The Essen Learning Model provides concepts for project management, quality assurance, process integration, curriculum development, and the development of learning sequences and learning units. Emerging learning technology standards such as SCORM and LOM are integrated in the development process, minimizing the authors? specification effort. Additionally, a detailed specification for context and didactical models was developed. Combining these standards with existing learning technology standards leads to an interoperable framework for learning management systems and learning environments. Furthermore, the ELM application is a tool to support development processes. Using this tool, XML-based learning environments and specifications of learning technology standards are generated. Finally, learning environments, designed with ELM, are presented.","author":[{"family":"Pawlowski","given":"Jan Martin"}],"citation-key":"pawlowskieevzecl2001","issued":{"date-parts":[["2001"]]},"language":"de","title":"Essener-Lern-Modell (ELM): Ein Vorgehensmodell zur Entwicklung computerunterstützter Lernumgebungen","type":"thesis","URL":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:465-miless-010262-1"},
  {"id":"pawlowskimdk2002","author":[{"family":"Pawlowski","given":"Jan M."}],"citation-key":"pawlowskimdk2002","container-title":"Informatik bewegt: Informatik 2002 - 32. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Informatik e.v. (GI)","event-place":"Bonn","ISBN":"3-88579-348-2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2002"]]},"page":"369–374","publisher":"Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.","publisher-place":"Bonn","title":"Modellierung didaktischer Konzepte","type":"chapter","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240130165932/https://cs.emis.de/LNI/Proceedings/Proceedings19/GI-Proceedings.19-56.pdf"},
  {"id":"pellegriniswwzvw2006","citation-key":"pellegriniswwzvw2006","collection-title":"X.media.press","editor":[{"family":"Pellegrini","given":"Tassilo"},{"family":"Blumauer","given":"Andreas"}],"event-place":"Berlin Heidelberg","ISBN":"978-3-540-29324-8","issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]},"language":"ger","number-of-pages":"533","publisher":"Springer","publisher-place":"Berlin Heidelberg","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Semantic Web: Wege zur vernetzten Wissensgesellschaft","title-short":"Semantic Web","type":"book"},
  {"id":"pertsassomsp2017","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,15]]},"author":[{"family":"Pertsas","given":"Vayianos"},{"family":"Constantopoulos","given":"Panos"}],"citation-key":"pertsassomsp2017","container-title":"International Journal on Digital Libraries","container-title-short":"Int J Digit Libr","DOI":"10.1007/s00799-016-0169-3","ISSN":"1432-5012, 1432-1300","issue":"3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2017",9]]},"language":"en","page":"173-190","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Scholarly Ontology: modelling scholarly practices","title-short":"Scholarly Ontology","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00799-016-0169-3","volume":"18"},
  {"id":"petzlodzs2023","abstract":"Libraries are opening their bibliographic metadata as linked open data. The idea behind is to harmonise heterogeneous data sources (data silos) of different origin to improve their accessibility and interoperability. This article summarises relevant developments in this area and compares the four options to provide linked open data. Finally, the initiatives of the Austrian National Library in this area are presented.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Petz","given":"Georg"}],"citation-key":"petzlodzs2023","container-title":"Bibliothek Forschung und Praxis","DOI":"10.1515/bfp-2023-0006","ISSN":"1865-7648, 0341-4183","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023",8,24]]},"language":"de","page":"213-222","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Linked Open Data. Zukunftsweisende Strategien","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/bfp-2023-0006/html","volume":"47"},
  {"id":"peuidana","abstract":"Schülerinnen und Schüler erzielen in Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik bessere Leistungen\nund sind motivierter, wenn im Unterricht digitale Medien eingesetzt werden. Allerdings hängt der\nErfolg von der Gestaltung der Mediennutzung ab. Er ist größer, wenn Kinder und Jugendliche\nnicht allein lernen und wenn weiterhin auch traditionelles Lernmaterial verwendet wird. Dies zeigt\neine der größten Untersuchungen zum Thema, die rund 80 Einzelstudien ausgewertet hat. Damit\ndie Erkenntnisse in den Schulen angewandt werden können, sind sie in einer Broschüre für die\nPraxis aufbereitet","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,2]]},"citation-key":"peuidana","title":"Pressemitteilung: Erfolgreicher Unterricht ist digital – aber nicht ausschließlich","type":"article-newspaper","URL":"https://www.kmk.org/fileadmin/Dateien/pdf/PresseUndAktuelles/2017/2017-12-12_Digitalisierung_Schule_TUM_ZIB_Pilotsynthese.pdf"},
  {"id":"pfaffmanneukuluzeundl2022","abstract":"Der Einsatz digitaler Medien im Unterricht ist spätestens seit dem Bund-Länder-Digitalpakt in aller Munde. Ausbauen digitaler Infrastruktur und Bereitstellen von Hardware ist aber keine Garantie dafür, dass digitale Medien gewinnbringend eingesetzt werden. Um deren Potentiale lernzielorientiert nutzen zu können, müssen Lehrkräfte im Umgang mit digitalen Medien geschult werden. Im Beitrag werden Konzeption und Entwicklungstand einer universellen Konfigurations- und Lehr-Lern-Umgebung (UKuLeLe) vorgestellt. Sie ist Werkzeug zum Erstellen von adaptiven digitalen Lernpfaden sowie Arbeits- und Diagnose-Umgebung für solche Lernpfade. Mit ihr sollen Lehrpersonen befähigt werden, Lernpfade, die auf didaktischen Prinzipen basieren, zu entwickeln und im Unterricht einzusetzen. Im Beitrag wird die fachübergreifend nutzbare Lehr-Lern-Umgebung aus der Perspektive des Einsatzes im Rahmen des Lehrens und Lernens von Mathematik reflektiert und erläutert.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,6]]},"author":[{"family":"Pfaffmann","given":"Christoph"},{"family":"Roth","given":"Jürgen"}],"citation-key":"pfaffmanneukuluzeundl2022","container-title":"Digitales Lernen in Distanz und Präsenz: Herbsttagung 2021 des Arbeitskreises Mathematikunterricht und digitale Werkzeuge in der Gesellschaft für Didaktik der Mathematik am 24.09.2021","contributor":[{"family":"DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications Online","given":"University Of Duisburg-Essen"}],"DOI":"10.17185/DUEPUBLICO/76039","ISBN":"9783940402530","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022",6,15]]},"language":"de","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","page":"p. 99","publisher":"DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Entwicklung einer universellen Konfigurations- und Lehr-Lern-Umgebung (UKuLeLe) zur Erstellung und Nutzung digitaler Lernpfade","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://duepublico2.uni-due.de/receive/duepublico_mods_00076039"},
  {"id":"pfiffner4udkcuh2021","author":[{"family":"Pfiffner","given":"Manfred"},{"family":"Sterel","given":"Saskia"},{"family":"Hassler","given":"Dominic"}],"citation-key":"pfiffner4udkcuh2021","collection-number":"Band 1","collection-title":"4K kompakt","edition":"1. Auflage","event-place":"Bern","ISBN":"978-3-0355-1661-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]},"language":"ger","number-of-pages":"104","publisher":"hep","publisher-place":"Bern","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"4K und digitale Kompetenzen: Chancen und Herausforderungen","title-short":"4K und digitale Kompetenzen","type":"book"},
  {"id":"phetidf2024","author":[{"family":"PhET","given":""}],"citation-key":"phetidf2024","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"title":"Inclusive Design: Features","type":"document","URL":"https://phet.colorado.edu/en/inclusive-design/features"},
  {"id":"piedraabldtiromc2014","abstract":"The Linked Data initiative is considered as one of the most effective alternatives for creating global shared information spaces, it has become an interesting approach for discovering and enriching open educational resources data, as well as achieving semantic interoperability and re-use between multiple OER repositories. The notion of Linked Data refers to a set of best practices for publishing, sharing and interconnecting data in RDF format. Educational repositories managers are, in fact, realizing the potential of using Linked Data for describing, discovering, linking and publishing educational data on the Web. This work shows a data architecture based on semantic web technologies that support the inclusion of open educational materials in massive online courses. The authors focus on a type of openness: open of contents as regards alteration i.e. freedom to reuse the material, to combine it with other materials, to adapt, and to share it further under an open license.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Piedra","given":"Nelson"},{"family":"Chicaiza","given":"Janneth Alexandra"},{"family":"López","given":"Jorge"},{"family":"Tovar","given":"Edmundo"}],"citation-key":"piedraabldtiromc2014","container-title":"Open Praxis","DOI":"10.5944/openpraxis.6.2.122","ISSN":"2304-070X, 1369-9997","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2014",4,1]]},"language":"en","page":"171","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"An Architecture based on Linked Data technologies for the Integration and reuse of OER in MOOCs Context","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://openpraxis.org/article/10.5944/openpraxis.6.2.122/","volume":"6"},
  {"id":"pohlamfba2023","author":[{"family":"Pohl","given":"Adrian"},{"family":"Klinger","given":"Axel"},{"family":"Hartmann","given":"Boris"},{"family":"Schuurbiers","given":"Carl"},{"family":"Steeg","given":"Fabian"},{"family":"Kummerländer","given":"Manuel"},{"family":"Oellers","given":"Manuel"},{"family":"Stengel","given":"Mikey"},{"family":"Hoffmann","given":"Mirjan"},{"family":"Rörtgen","given":"Steffen"},{"family":"Kulla","given":"Stephan"},{"family":"Bülte","given":"Tobias"}],"citation-key":"pohlamfba2023","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023",10,19]]},"title":"Allgemeines Metadatenprofil für Bildungsressourcen (AMB)","type":"document","URL":"https://dini-ag-kim.github.io/amb/20231019/"},
  {"id":"pohlwhwdoeriwam2017","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,14]]},"author":[{"family":"Pohl","given":"Adrian"},{"family":"Mausch","given":"Martin"},{"family":"Henning","given":"Peter"}],"citation-key":"pohlwhwdoeriwam2017","collection-title":"Synergie. Fachmagazin für Digitalisierung in der Lehre","editor":[{"family":"Mayrberger","given":"Kerstin"}],"issue":"04","issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]},"title":"„Was haben wir denn da?“ Open Educational Resources im Web auffindbar machen","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231209120958/https://www.synergie.uni-hamburg.de/de/media/ausgabe04/synergie04-beitrag15-pohl-mandausch-henning.pdf"},
  {"id":"pomerantzm2015","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,5]]},"author":[{"family":"Pomerantz","given":"Jeffrey"}],"citation-key":"pomerantzm2015","DOI":"10.7551/mitpress/10237.001.0001","ISBN":"978-0-262-33119-7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]},"language":"en","publisher":"The MIT Press","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Metadata","type":"book","URL":"https://direct.mit.edu/books/book/3111/metadata"},
  {"id":"popescu-willigmannalalfu2015","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,6]]},"author":[{"family":"Popescu-Willigmann","given":"Silvester"},{"family":"Lutz","given":"Lukas"}],"citation-key":"popescu-willigmannalalfu2015","container-title":"Handbuch Bildungsplanung. Ziele und Inhalte beruflicher Bildung auf unterrichtl., organisationaler & politischer Ebene","DOI":"10.3278/6004431w023","editor":[{"family":"Popescu-Willigmann","given":"Silvester"},{"family":"Klebl","given":"Michael"}],"event-place":"Bielefeld","issued":{"date-parts":[["2015",8,31]]},"language":"de","page":"23-46","publisher":"wbv Publikation","publisher-place":"Bielefeld","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"A1 Lernziele als Leitlinien für den Unterricht","type":"chapter","URL":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3278/6004431w023"},
  {"id":"pricetlslelliei2015","abstract":"This paper examines contextual factors of effective ICT implementation for smart learning environments resulting from a review of exploratory research, evaluation data and study reports of successful ICT use in schools around the world. By referencing the design and implementation components of the Intel® education initiatives for education transformation, this paper will illustrate the key intervention considerations and challenges associated with technology integration, policy recommendations, and sustainable resources. Transforming education systems and supporting national competitiveness are challenging, long-term endeavors and require a holistic multidimensional approach. On-going support, embedded monitoring and visionary leadership can inform policies, teaching and learning processes and professional development to enable reform efforts that support real change.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Price","given":"Jon K."}],"citation-key":"pricetlslelliei2015","container-title":"Smart Learning Environments","container-title-short":"Smart Learn. Environ.","DOI":"10.1186/s40561-015-0022-y","ISSN":"2196-7091","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2015",12]]},"language":"en","page":"16","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Transforming learning for the smart learning environment: lessons learned from the Intel education initiatives","title-short":"Transforming learning for the smart learning environment","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://www.slejournal.com/content/2/1/16","volume":"2"},
  {"id":"publicdomainworkinggroupi2019","citation-key":"publicdomainworkinggroupi2019","container-title":"Open Metadata Handbook","editor":[{"family":"Public Domain Working Group","given":""},{"family":"Open Bibliographic Data Working Group","given":""},{"family":"Open Knowledge Foundation","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]},"title":"Introduction","type":"chapter","URL":"https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Open_Metadata_Handbook/Introduction&oldid=3553692"},
  {"id":"publicdomainworkinggroupomh2022","citation-key":"publicdomainworkinggroupomh2022","editor":[{"family":"Public Domain Working Group","given":""},{"family":"Open Bibliographic Data Working Group","given":""},{"family":"Open Knowledge Foundation","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2022"]]},"title":"Open Metadata Handbook","type":"book","URL":"https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Open_Metadata_Handbook&oldid=4113631"},
  {"id":"puentedurasmet2013","author":[{"family":"Puentedura","given":"Ruben R."}],"citation-key":"puentedurasmet2013","issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]},"title":"SAMR: Moving from enhancement to transformation","type":"post-weblog","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240118075307/http://www.hippasus.com/rrpweblog/archives/2013/05/29/SAMREnhancementToTransformation.pdf"},
  {"id":"pwupadvfbese","abstract":"Perspektiven von Wissenschaft und Praxis auf die digitale Vernetzungsinfrastruktur für die Bildung","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,12]]},"citation-key":"pwupadvfbese","language":"en","title":"Perspektiven von Wissenschaft und Praxis auf die digitale Vernetzungsinfrastruktur für die Bildung  - eleed Special edition","type":"webpage","URL":"https://www.eleed.de/archive/se2023"},
  {"id":"qadlorimcp","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,18]]},"citation-key":"qadlorimcp","DOI":"10.1080/0968776042000211494","language":"en","title":"Quality assurance for digital learning object repositories: issues for the metadata creation process","title-short":"Quality assurance for digital learning object repositories","type":"webpage","URL":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/0968776042000211494?needAccess=true"},
  {"id":"qua-lisnrwmu2024","author":[{"family":"QUA-LiS NRW","given":""}],"citation-key":"qua-lisnrwmu2024","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"title":"Methodensammlung: Übersicht","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240208120941/https://www.schulentwicklung.nrw.de/cms/methodensammlung/methodensammlung/uebersicht/index.html"},
  {"id":"quinnloic2000","author":[{"family":"Quinn","given":"Clark N."},{"family":"Hobbs","given":"Samantha"}],"citation-key":"quinnloic2000","container-title":"J. Educ. Technol. Soc.","issued":{"date-parts":[["2000"]]},"title":"Learning Objects and Instruction Components","type":"article-journal","volume":"3"},
  {"id":"rahayusrlprs2023","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,12]]},"author":[{"family":"Rahayu","given":"Nur W."},{"family":"Ferdiana","given":"Ridi"},{"family":"Kusumawardani","given":"Sri S."}],"citation-key":"rahayusrlprs2023","container-title":"Education and Information Technologies","container-title-short":"Educ Inf Technol","DOI":"10.1007/s10639-022-11460-3","ISSN":"1360-2357, 1573-7608","issue":"6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023",6]]},"language":"en","page":"7437-7460","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"A systematic review of learning path recommender systems","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10639-022-11460-3","volume":"28"},
  {"id":"rajialprmdrla2024","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,22]]},"author":[{"family":"Raj","given":"Nisha S."},{"family":"Renumol","given":"V. G."}],"citation-key":"rajialprmdrla2024","container-title":"Journal of Computers in Education","container-title-short":"J. Comput. Educ.","DOI":"10.1007/s40692-022-00250-y","ISSN":"2197-9987, 2197-9995","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"language":"en","page":"121-148","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"An improved adaptive learning path recommendation model driven by real-time learning analytics","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40692-022-00250-y","volume":"11"},
  {"id":"rajslracrple222022","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,12]]},"author":[{"family":"Raj","given":"Nisha S."},{"family":"Renumol","given":"V. G."}],"citation-key":"rajslracrple222022","container-title":"Journal of Computers in Education","container-title-short":"J. Comput. Educ.","DOI":"10.1007/s40692-021-00199-4","ISSN":"2197-9987, 2197-9995","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022",3]]},"language":"en","page":"113-148","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"A systematic literature review on adaptive content recommenders in personalized learning environments from 2015 to 2020","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40692-021-00199-4","volume":"9"},
  {"id":"reckernemofrlo2001","abstract":"Digital libraries populated with learning objects are becoming popular tools in the creation of instructional technologies. Many current efforts to create standard metadata structures that facilitate the discovery and instructional use of learning objects recommend a single, authoritative metadata record per version of the learning object. However, as we argue in this paper, a single metadata record Ð particularly one with ®elds that emphasize knowledge management and technology, while evading instructional issues Ð provides information insuf®cient to support instructional utilization decisions. To put learning objects to instructional use, users must examine the individual objects, forfeiting the supposed bene®ts of the metadata system. As a solution, we propose a system that includes multi-record, non-authoritative metadata focussed on the surrounding instructional context of learning objects.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Recker","given":"Mimi M."},{"family":"Wiley","given":"David A."}],"citation-key":"reckernemofrlo2001","container-title":"Interactive Learning Environments","container-title-short":"Interactive Learning Environments","DOI":"10.1076/ilee.9.3.255.3568","ISSN":"1049-4820, 1744-5191","issue":"3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2001",12]]},"language":"en","page":"255-271","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"A Non-authoritative Educational Metadata Ontology for Filtering and Recommending Learning Objects","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1076/ilee.9.3.255.3568","volume":"9"},
  {"id":"reichowrbwghuhdiri2022","abstract":"Das vorliegende Dossier erläutert zunächst, was Recommendersysteme sind und wie sie technisch umgesetzt werden. Nachfolgend wird aufgezeigt, zu welchem Zweck Recommendersysteme beim technologiegestützten Lernen eingesetzt werden – sowohl im Bildungsbereich allgemein als auch speziell in der beruflichen Weiterbildung. Der größere Teil dieses Dossiers widmet sich anschließend spezifischen Herausforderungen der Entwicklung und Implementierung konkreter Recommendersysteme auf digitalen Weiterbildungsplattformen. Dabei werden basierend auf der bestehenden Literatur und Aussagen von Expert_innen Handlungsempfehlungen aufgeführt. Insgesamt soll das vorliegende Dossier damit den Einsatz von Recommendersystemen in der beruflichen Aus- und Weiterbildung sowohl aus technischer als auch didaktischer Perspektive beleuchten. (DIPF/Orig.)","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,6]]},"author":[{"family":"Reichow","given":"Insa"},{"family":"Buntins","given":"Katja"},{"family":"Paaßen","given":"Benjamin"},{"family":"Abu-Rasheed","given":"Hasan"},{"family":"Weber","given":"Christian"},{"family":"Dornhöfer","given":"Mareike"}],"citation-key":"reichowrbwghuhdiri2022","event-place":"Berlin","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022"]]},"language":"Deutsch","number-of-pages":"26","publisher":"pedocs","publisher-place":"Berlin","source":"Fachportal Pädagogik","title":"Recommendersysteme in der beruflichen Weiterbildung. Grundlagen, Herausforderungen und Handlungsempfehlungen. Ein Dossier im Rahmen des INVITE-Wettbewerbs","type":"book","URL":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-245172"},
  {"id":"reichowsuezudwbbdiri2021","author":[{"family":"Reichow","given":"Insa"},{"family":"Hochbauer","given":"Monica"},{"family":"Goertz","given":"Lutz"}],"call-number":"urn:nbn:de:0035-vetrepository-779586-2","citation-key":"reichowsuezudwbbdiri2021","edition":"1","event-place":"Bonn","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]},"publisher":"Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung","publisher-place":"Bonn","title":"Standards und Empfehlungen zur Umsetzung digitaler Weiterbildungsplattformen in der beruflichen Bildung. Ein Dossier im Rahmen des INVITE-Wettbewerbs","type":"book","URL":"https://res.bibb.de/vet-repository_779586"},
  {"id":"rensingsflulmiubl2013","abstract":"Dieses Kapitel führt in die Bedeutung von Standards, die von Informationssystemen für das Lernen und Lehren verwendet werden, ein und stellt deren wichtigste Vertreter/innen vor. Das Einhalten von Standards durch Informationssysteme für Lehren und Lernen ermöglicht den Nutzer/innen Lehr- und Lernressourcen zwischen verschiedenen Informationssystemen austauschen zu können und damit auch verschiedene Informationssysteme unterschiedlicher Anbieter nutzen zu können. Dementsprechend ist ein Grundverständnis der Standards und ihrer jeweiligen Aufgabe bei der Auswahl von Informationssystemen für Lehren und Lernen relevant. Ein Schwerpunkt des Kapitels liegt auf Metadaten. Der Nutzen von Metadaten und Standards für Metadaten zur Beschreibung von Lehr- und Lernressourcen werden erläutert. Da Informationssystemen für Lehren und Lernen häufig von Benutzenden die Eingabe von Metadaten verlangen und in diesen Systemen mittels Metadaten gesucht wird, ist ein Verständnis von Metadaten in diesem Bereich von hoher Relevanz. Neben Standards für Metadaten werden mit dem Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) und Question and Test Interoperability (QTI) zwei Standards, die den Austausch von Lernressourcen zwischen verschiedenen Informationssystemen ermöglichen, vorgestellt. Zur einheitlichen Beschreibung von Lehr- und Lernprozessen dienen IMS Learning Design (IMS LD) und didaktische Entwurfsmuster, die ebenfalls Gegenstand diese Kapitels sind. Ziel dieses Kapitels ist es, insgesamt für die unterschiedliche Bedeutung und Aufgaben von Standards für Informationssysteme für das Lehren und Lernen zu sensibilisieren und ein Grundverständnis der wichtigsten im Themenbereich relevanten Standards zu vermitteln. (DIPF/Orig.)","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,6]]},"author":[{"family":"Rensing","given":"Christoph"}],"citation-key":"rensingsflulmiubl2013","container-title":"Lehrbuch für Lernen und Lehren mit Technologien","edition":"2","editor":[{"family":"Ebner","given":"Martin"},{"family":"Schön","given":"Sandra"}],"event-place":"Berlin","ISBN":"9783844265941","issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]},"language":"de","license":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 3.0 Deutschland","publisher":":null","publisher-place":"Berlin","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Standards für Lehr- und Lerntechnologien. Metadaten, Inhaltsformate und Beschreibung von Lernprozessen","type":"chapter","URL":"https://doi.org/10.25656/01:8336"},
  {"id":"richterqsdsaun2021","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"citation-key":"richterqsdsaun2021","DOI":"10.1007/978-3-658-32851-1","editor":[{"family":"Richter","given":"Caroline"},{"family":"Mojescik","given":"Katharina"}],"event-place":"Wiesbaden","ISBN":"978-3-658-32850-4 978-3-658-32851-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]},"language":"de","publisher":"Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden","publisher-place":"Wiesbaden","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Qualitative Sekundäranalysen: Daten der Sozialforschung aufbereiten und nachnutzen","title-short":"Qualitative Sekundäranalysen","type":"book","URL":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-658-32851-1"},
  {"id":"riedlgpudbb2013","abstract":"Das E-Book für Studierende verdichtet Grundbegriffe der Pädagogik und Didaktik beruflicher Bildung. Es wendet sich an Berufs- und Wirtschaftspädagogen in Studium und Praxis. Die Auswahl der Begriffe ergibt sich aus ihrer Bedeutung und Aktualität sowie dem Arbeitsgebiet der Autoren als Wissenschaftler und Hochschullehrer im Bereich der Berufspädagogik. Mit den ausgewählten Grundbegriffen erfolgt eine Positionsbestimmung, die Leser dazu anregen will, eigene Sichtweisen zu entwickeln. Damit lassen sich Studieninhalte reflektieren und berufspraktisch relevante Themenbezüge theoretisch ers","author":[{"family":"Riedl","given":"Alfred"},{"family":"Schelten","given":"Andreas"}],"citation-key":"riedlgpudbb2013","event-place":"Stuttgart","ISBN":"978-3-515-10333-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]},"language":"ger","note":"OCLC: 875819718","publisher":"Franz Steiner Verlag","publisher-place":"Stuttgart","source":"Open WorldCat","title":"Grundbegriffe der Pädagogik und Didaktik beruflicher Bildung","type":"book"},
  {"id":"rileyumwmwi2017","author":[{"family":"Riley","given":"Jenn"}],"citation-key":"rileyumwmwi2017","event-place":"Baltimore, MD","ISBN":"978-1-937522-72-8","issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]},"language":"eng","note":"OCLC: 1016879519","publisher":"NISO Press","publisher-place":"Baltimore, MD","source":"Open WorldCat","title":"Understanding metadata: what is metadata, and what is it for?","title-short":"Understanding metadata","type":"book","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240212204238/http://groups.niso.org/higherlogic/ws/public/download/17446/Understanding%20Metadata.pdf"},
  {"id":"riveramunozsraltlhe2022","author":[{"family":"Rivera Muñoz","given":"Jorge"},{"family":"Berríos","given":"Haydeé"},{"family":"Arias-Gonzáles","given":"José"}],"citation-key":"riveramunozsraltlhe2022","container-title":"Eurasian Journal of Educational Research (EJER)","DOI":"10.14689/ejer.2022.98.014","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022",1]]},"page":"221-233","title":"Systematic Review of Adaptive Learning Technology for Learning in Higher Education","type":"article-journal","volume":"98"},
  {"id":"roactr2023","author":[{"family":"Roa","given":"Joan"}],"citation-key":"roactr2023","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"title":"Content types recommendations","type":"document","URL":"https://help.h5p.com/hc/en-us/articles/7505649072797-Content-types-recommendations"},
  {"id":"robsonpm2001","abstract":"As more and more on-line resources are becoming available, ®nding ones suitable for speci®c educational purposes is becoming increasingly dif®cult. Not only must the subject matter be appropriate and the content be accurate, but the resources must also match the educational level and background of the user. Once a suitable Web site, graphic, applet, or other resource has been located, additional problems must be faced if it is to be integrated into a learning environment. There might be software incompatibilities, legal issues, and questions concerning how it will interface with other components.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Robson","given":"Robby"}],"citation-key":"robsonpm2001","container-title":"Interactive Learning Environments","container-title-short":"Interactive Learning Environments","DOI":"10.1076/ilee.9.3.207.3574","ISSN":"1049-4820, 1744-5191","issue":"3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2001",12]]},"language":"en","page":"207-218","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Pedagogic Metadata","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1076/ilee.9.3.207.3574","volume":"9"},
  {"id":"rogersdi1983","author":[{"family":"Rogers","given":"Everett M."}],"call-number":"HM101 .R57 1983","citation-key":"rogersdi1983","edition":"3","event-place":"New York : London","ISBN":"978-0-02-926650-2","issued":{"date-parts":[["1983"]]},"number-of-pages":"453","publisher":"Free Press ; Collier Macmillan","publisher-place":"New York : London","source":"Library of Congress ISBN","title":"Diffusion of innovations","type":"book"},
  {"id":"rohdeduqdgphsiabfwukbtsd2022","author":[{"family":"Rohde","given":"Marieke"},{"family":"Eisenträger","given":"Marlene"},{"family":"Wittenbrink","given":"Nicole"},{"family":"Straub","given":"Sebastian"},{"family":"Gabriel","given":"Peter"}],"citation-key":"rohdeduqdgphsiabfwukbtsd2022","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022"]]},"title":"Datenqualität und Qualitätsmetriken in der Datenwirtschaft. Grundlagen, Praxis, Handlungsempfehlungen. Eine Studie im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz von der Begleitforschung ­zum Technologieprogramm „Smarte Datenwirtschaft“","title-short":"Datenqualität und Qualitätsmetriken in der Datenwirtschaft","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240318101715/https://www.digitale-technologien.de/DT/Redaktion/DE/Downloads/Publikation/SDW/2022_11_15_Datenmetriken_Studie.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1%2A"},
  {"id":"rortgenhkpsmzhi2023","abstract":"Die Handreichung bietet einen Überblick über Metadatenstandards und ihre Relevanz beim Datenaustausch innerhalb der „Kooperation von Portalen: Sondierung von Metadaten zur Herstellung von Interoperabilität“. Neben einer Einführung in das Thema werden die Portale, ihre technischen Voraussetzungen sowie eine kurze allgemeine Einführung in das Thema “Datenaustausch” beschrieben. Standards, die für einen Datenaustausch infrage kommen, werden dargestellt und Notwendigkeiten zur Weiterentwicklung aufgezeigt. Außerdem werden Hinweise zur Implementierung gegeben. In der Zusammenfassung wird das Potential des Vorhabens hinsichtlich problemorientierter Suchzugänge aufgezeigt.   Die Handreichung richtet sich dabei sowohl an Entscheider*innen, als auch Fachexpert*innen und Entwickler*innen und soll einen ersten Überblick über den momentanen Stand sowie aktuelle Entwicklungen in diesem Themenbereich bieten.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,30]]},"author":[{"family":"Rörtgen","given":"Steffen"}],"citation-key":"rortgenhkpsmzhi2023","DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.8354164","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023",9,18]]},"language":"deu","publisher":"Zenodo","source":"Zenodo","title":"Handreichung: \"Kooperation von Portalen: Sondierung von Metadaten zur Herstellung von Interoperabilität\"","title-short":"Handreichung","type":"report","URL":"https://zenodo.org/records/8354164"},
  {"id":"rortgenmemsipw2021","abstract":"Metadatenharmonisierung in ETL-Prozessen","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,14]]},"author":[{"family":"Rörtgen","given":"Steffen"}],"citation-key":"rortgenmemsipw2021","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]},"publisher":"Göttingen Research Online / Data","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Metadatenharmonisierung in ETL-Prozessen mit SkoHub im Projekt WirLernenOnline","type":"document","URL":"https://doi.org/10.25625/DN1X3A/NWIZQA"},
  {"id":"rortgenmsmcabb2021","author":[{"family":"Rörtgen","given":"Steffen"}],"citation-key":"rortgenmsmcabb2021","container-title":"GWDG Nachrichten 08-09|21","editor":[{"family":"GWDG","given":""}],"ISSN":"0940-4686","issue":"8-9","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]},"page":"9-12","title":"Mapping von SKOS-Vokabularen mit Cocoda am Beispiel von Bildungsmetadaten","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240227074950/https://gwdg.de/about-us/gwdg-news/2021/GN_8-9-2021_www.pdf","volume":"44"},
  {"id":"rortgenmsneidectea2023","abstract":"Many difficulties can arise during the implementation of a metadata standard. One reason may be the lack of prior examination of existing standards. These sometimes painful experiences led to the need for a catalogue of criteria to be used in infrastructure projects to assess suitability to the requirements. Against the National Education Infrastructure background, the paper presents an initial approach. For this purpose, criteria are developed, whose application enables a well-founded pre-selection of standards. These are discussed and tested exemplary in three use cases - educational offerings, educational resources, and digital credentials. An overview of current developments in the area accompanies this. Overall, the paper aims to provide a basis for further discussions on the selection and handling of standards in educational infrastructures. However, so far there is little literature on this highly relevant topic. Therefore, a discussion process in the community should be stimulated as a supplement.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Rörtgen","given":"Steffen"},{"family":"Brenner","given":"Ronald"},{"family":"Zimmermann","given":"Holger"},{"family":"Hupfer","given":"Matthias"},{"family":"Zobel","given":"Annett"},{"family":"Lucke","given":"Ulrike"},{"family":"Röpke","given":"René"},{"family":"Schroeder","given":"Ulrik"}],"citation-key":"rortgenmsneidectea2023","container-title":"Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI)","DOI":"10.18420/DELFI2023-24","event-place":"Bonn","event-title":"21. Fachtagung Bildungstechnologien (DELFI)","ISBN":"9783885797326","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"language":"en","page":"143-154","publisher":"Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.","publisher-place":"Bonn","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Metadata Standards in National Education Infrastructure: Development of Evaluation Criteria and Their Exemplary Application","type":"paper-conference","URL":"https://dl.gi.de/handle/20.500.12116/42183"},
  {"id":"rortgensufpcv2023","abstract":"Controlled vocabularies, authority data, and other \"Knowledge Organization Systems\" (KOS) have long been a central part of knowledge organization in libraries, research and education. They are widely used in different domains supporting the discovery of resources by connecting them to topics. The SkoHub ecosystem, designed and developed by North Rhine-Westphalian Library Service Centre (hbz), comprises a growing set of software modules to get optimal benefit from your controlled vocabularies by making use of SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System) and other web standards. The core module - SkoHub Vocabs - enables the lightweight publication of knowledge organization systems as Linked Open Data based on SKOS. This facilitates, for example, compliance with FAIR Data principles in Digital Humanities projects or in research data management. SkoHub Vocabs is being used by various stakeholders from a educational, scholarly or library contexts. The module SkoHub Reconcile builds on the work done to develop a web API that data providers can expose, for easing the reconciliation of third-party data to their own identifiers. SkoHub Reconcile is currently under development but already quite mature, supports the simple reconciliation of data with a controlled vocabulary, e.g. by using the widely used software OpenRefine. Use cases include enrichment of less structured data with authoritative identifiers and additional data or entity linking. The SkoHub PubSub module supports a novel approach to knowledge organization systems by turning them into communication hubs for publishers and information seekers. Topics in the form of SKOS concepts become actors in the Fediverse that I one can follow - for example, on the rising microblogging service Mastodon. As soon as new content is published on that topic, I'm notified via a push notification. SkoHub thus seeks to support forms of self-organized social exchange based on recognized web standards and could support in the communication of scientific communities in the future. SkoHub PubSub has been successfully tested in a proof of concept and will be further developed in the future. The hbz has a long track record of providing reliable open metadata infrastructure for libraries and other interested parties. We take over the maintainer duties for SkoHub development and invite engagement by the community of SkoHub users, e.g. by providing bug reports, feature requests or by improving the documentation. To enable community-based development, all SkoHub software is provided under an open license and the development happens in a transparent way on GitHub (see the CONTRIBUTING.md at https://github.com/skohub-io/skohub-vocabs/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md and the Kanban board at https://github.com/orgs/skohub-io/projects/4/views/1). The presentation will introduce the SkoHub software ecosystem and illustrate its possibilities with practical use cases from the fields of libraries, research, education and standardization.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,16]]},"author":[{"family":"Rörtgen","given":"Steffen"},{"family":"Pohl","given":"Adrian"}],"citation-key":"rortgensufpcv2023","DOI":"10.5281/ZENODO.8405968","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023",9,28]]},"language":"en","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access","publisher":"[object Object]","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"SkoHub - Unleash the full potential of controlled vocabularies","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://zenodo.org/record/8405968"},
  {"id":"rothldguu2014","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,5]]},"author":[{"family":"Roth","given":"Jürgen"}],"citation-key":"rothldguu2014","container-title":"Medienvielfalt im Mathematikunterricht","DOI":"10.1007/978-3-658-06449-5_1","editor":[{"family":"Roth","given":"Jürgen"},{"family":"Süss-Stepancik","given":"Evelyn"},{"family":"Wiesner","given":"Heike"}],"event-place":"Wiesbaden","ISBN":"978-3-658-06448-8 978-3-658-06449-5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]},"language":"de","page":"3-25","publisher":"Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden","publisher-place":"Wiesbaden","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Lernpfade – Definition, Gestaltungskriterien und Unterrichtseinsatz","type":"chapter","URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-658-06449-5_1"},
  {"id":"royaepmlc2008","abstract":"Annotating learning material with metadata allows easy reusability by different learning/tutoring systems. Several metadata standards have been developed to represent learning objects and courses. A learning system needs to use pedagogic attributes including document type, topic, coverage of concepts, and for each concept the significance and the role. Moreover, in order to have a flexible and reusable repository of e-learning materials, it is necessary that the annotation of the documents with such metadata be done in an automatic fashion as far as possible. This paper describes the attributes that represent some important pedagogic characteristics of learning materials. To reduce the overhead of manual annotation we have explored the feasibility of automatic annotation of learning materials with metadata. This facilitates the creation of an elearning open repository for storing these annotated learning materials, which can be used by learning systems. The automatic annotation is based on a domain knowledge base and a number of algorithms like standard classification algorithms, parsing and analysis of documents have been used for this purpose. The results show a fair degree of accuracy, which may be improved in future using more sophisticated algorithms.","author":[{"family":"Roy","given":"Devshri"},{"family":"Sarkar","given":"Sudeshna"},{"family":"Ghose","given":"Sujoy"}],"citation-key":"royaepmlc2008","container-title":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2008"]]},"language":"en","page":"97-118","source":"Zotero","title":"Automatic Extraction of Pedagogic Metadata from Learning Content","type":"article-journal","volume":"18"},
  {"id":"ruehlekhmm2012","author":[{"family":"Rühle","given":"Stefanie"}],"citation-key":"ruehlekhmm2012","issued":{"date-parts":[["2012"]]},"language":"de","source":"Zotero","title":"Kleines Handbuch Metadaten. Metadatenprofile","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221216172525/https://wiki.dnb.de/download/attachments/43523047/201209_metadaten.pdf"},
  {"id":"ruiz-iniestasecorsiacsor2014","abstract":"This paper describes a knowledge-based strategy for recommending educational resources—worked problems, exercises, quiz questions, and lecture notes—to learners in the first two courses in the introductory sequence of a computer science major (CS1 and CS2). The goal of the recommendation strategy is to provide support for personalized access to the resources that exist in open educational repositories. The strategy uses: 1) a description of the resources based on metadata standards enriched by ontology-based semantic indexing, and 2) contextual information about the user (her knowledge of that particular field of learning). The results of an experimental analysis of the strategy’s performance are presented. These demonstrate that the proposed strategy offers a high level of personalization and can be adapted to the user. An application of the strategy to a repository of computer science open educational resources was well received by both educators and students and had promising effects on the student performance and dropout rates.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Ruiz-Iniesta","given":"Almudena"},{"family":"Jiménez-Díaz","given":"Guillermo"},{"family":"Gómez-Albarrán","given":"Mercedes"}],"citation-key":"ruiz-iniestasecorsiacsor2014","container-title":"IEEE Transactions on Education","container-title-short":"IEEE Trans. Educ.","DOI":"10.1109/TE.2014.2309554","ISSN":"0018-9359, 1557-9638","issue":"4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2014",11]]},"language":"en","page":"255-260","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"A Semantically Enriched Context-Aware OER Recommendation Strategy and Its Application to a Computer Science OER Repository","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6774489/","volume":"57"},
  {"id":"rusticisoftwarellctdes2023","citation-key":"rusticisoftwarellctdes2023","editor":[{"family":"Rustici Software LLC","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"title":"A timeline and description of the eLearning standards","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231207125924/https://scorm.com/scorm-explained/business-of-scorm/scorm-versions/"},
  {"id":"rustmfpmdd2000","author":[{"family":"Rust","given":"Godfrey"},{"family":"Bide","given":"Mark"}],"citation-key":"rustmfpmdd2000","issued":{"date-parts":[["2000"]]},"title":"The <indecs> metadata framework. Principles, model and data dictionary","type":"document"},
  {"id":"salehahmedefuilr2020","abstract":"The project EduArc aims at conceptualising a user-centred infrastructure that allows access and use of learning and teaching material for higher education, specifically Open Educational Resources (OER), from diverse relevant sources like learning management systems and existing university repositories. (Author)","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,18]]},"author":[{"literal":"Saleh, Ahmed"},{"literal":"Vagliano, Iacopo"},{"literal":"Heck, Tamara"},{"literal":"Kullmann, Sylvia"}],"citation-key":"salehahmedefuilr2020","contributor":[{"literal":"DIPF | Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education"},{"literal":"Leibniz Information Centre for Economics (ZBW)"}],"DOI":"10.25656/01:18931","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020",3,12]]},"language":"en","license":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","publisher":":null","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"EduArc. A FAIR and user-centred infrastructure for learning resources","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.pedocs.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=18931"},
  {"id":"sampsonawtemaoer2011","abstract":"A number of international initiatives, such as the leading initiative of Open Educational Resources (OER) movement, have recognized the potential value of sharing and reusing digital resources among educational communities. As a result, organizing, managing, offering and accessing these resources over the web have been key issues for both the research and the educational community. Within this context, over the past years a number of international efforts have led to the development of the IEEE LOM standard as a commonly accepted way for describing educational resources with metadata, facilitating storage, search and retrieval of these resources through web-based repositories. In response to this increased interest, a number of software tools have been developed, so as to facilitate educational metadata authoring of educational resources. However, these tools have a number of limitations, adding extra barriers to the widespread deployment of this process. In this paper, we aim to address this problem by introducing a new web-based tool (ASKLOM-AT 2.0) that aims to overcome the identified limitations of existing tools and simplify the process of educational metadata authoring for educational resources following the IEEE LOM standard.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Sampson","given":"Demetrios G."},{"family":"Zervas","given":"Panagiotis"},{"family":"Chloros","given":"George"}],"citation-key":"sampsonawtemaoer2011","container-title":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Technology for Education","DOI":"10.1109/T4E.2011.20","event-place":"Chennai, India","event-title":"2011 Third International Conference on Technology for Education (T4E)","ISBN":"978-1-4577-1521-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2011",7]]},"language":"en","page":"76-80","publisher":"IEEE","publisher-place":"Chennai, India","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"ASK-LOM-AT 2.0: A Web-Based Tool for Educational Metadata Authoring of Open Educational Resources","title-short":"ASK-LOM-AT 2.0","type":"paper-conference","URL":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6004364/"},
  {"id":"sampsoneemsap2004","abstract":"A number of international efforts have been initiated during the past few years leading to the definition of educational metadata specifications for the commonly agreed description of educational resources. As more and more applications are implemented using educational metadata, it becomes obvious that it would be difficult for a single metadata model to accommodate the functional requirements of all applications. As a result, application profiles aim to facilitate the application-oriented implementation of educational metadata specifications. In this paper we discuss the issue of standardization vs. conversion and will present different existing specifications with the relative merits of each one, we will examine the fundamental techniques for the definition of application profiles and will focus on discussing interoperability issues in the case of application profiles. Finally, we will demonstrate the use of a tool which offers a graphical user interface for straightforward metadata authoring and at the same time has the necessary suppleness to easily incorporate new educational metadata specifications and/or application profiles.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Sampson","given":"D."}],"citation-key":"sampsoneemsap2004","container-title":"IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, 2004. Proceedings.","DOI":"10.1109/ICALT.2004.1357757","event-place":"Joensuu, Finland","event-title":"IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, 2004. Proceedings.","ISBN":"978-0-7695-2181-7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2004"]]},"language":"en","page":"1072-1073","publisher":"IEEE","publisher-place":"Joensuu, Finland","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"The evolution of educational metadata:from standards to application profiles","title-short":"The evolution of educational metadata","type":"paper-conference","URL":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1357757/"},
  {"id":"santos-hermosaroerarea2017","abstract":"This article provides an overview of the current state of repositories of open educational resources (ROER) in higher education at international level. It analyses a series of educational indicators to determine whether ROER can meet the specific needs of the education context, and to clarify understanding of the reuse of open educational resources (OER) provided by ROER. The aim of the study is to assess ROER by combining these two perspectives, and to form a basis for discussion among the universities that are responsible for these repositories.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Santos-Hermosa","given":"Gema"},{"family":"Ferran-Ferrer","given":"Núria"},{"family":"Abadal","given":"Ernest"}],"citation-key":"santos-hermosaroerarea2017","container-title":"The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning","container-title-short":"IRRODL","DOI":"10.19173/irrodl.v18i5.3063","ISSN":"1492-3831","issue":"5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2017",8,15]]},"language":"en","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Repositories of Open Educational Resources: An Assessment of Reuse and Educational Aspects","title-short":"Repositories of Open Educational Resources","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/3063","volume":"18"},
  {"id":"sanzalore2008","author":[{"family":"Sanz","given":"Javier"},{"family":"Dodero","given":"Juan Manuel"},{"family":"Informáticos","given":"Sistemas"},{"family":"Sánchez-Alonso","given":"Salvador"}],"citation-key":"sanzalore2008","issued":{"date-parts":[["2008",9]]},"title":"Aprioristic Learning Object Reusability Evaluation","type":"paper-conference","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130801000000*/https://www.cc.uah.es/ssalonso/papers/SIIE2008.pdf"},
  {"id":"sarahqadlorimcp2004","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,18]]},"author":[{"family":"Sarah","given":"Currier"},{"family":"Jane","given":"Barton"},{"family":"Rónán","given":"O’Beirne"},{"family":"Ben","given":"Ryan"}],"citation-key":"sarahqadlorimcp2004","container-title":"ALT-J","DOI":"10.1080/0968776042000211494","ISSN":"0968-7769","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2004",3]]},"page":"5-20","publisher":"Routledge","source":"tandfonline.com (Atypon)","title":"Quality assurance for digital learning object repositories: issues for the metadata creation process","title-short":"Quality assurance for digital learning object repositories","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/citedby/10.1080/0968776042000211494","volume":"12"},
  {"id":"sarkarplpgesurlgan2021","abstract":"Accelerated by the pandemic and the resulting increased adoption of online classes by universities, E-learning and the challenge to increase its efficiency in terms of conveying content effectively to the individual learner has gained interest and importance. To achieve this customization, personalization of the learning path and the learning objects based on the characteristics of the learner could form an important component that is currently largely absent from the most used e-learning modalities. This paper introduces an approach to personalization of the learning path that attempts to optimize the learner’s performance using Reinforcement Learning based on implicit feedback while minimizing the need for actual interaction with the learning system during training. The proposed system adopts the concepts of the Felder and Silverman Learning Style Model and Differentiated Pedagogy and builds an architecture using two interacting machine learning components, one using Reinforcement Learning to optimize the learning path and learning objects, and one using Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks to rapidly adapt a model of the learner’s characteristics. The model strives to minimize student interactions to learn about the learner’s performance characteristics and to generate personalized learning paths, thus reducing negative experiences during training. For this, a Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks is used that can rapidly adapt to provide realistic simulations of the student’s performance to use in the training of the e-learning strategy and thus to help reduce the need for actual learner feedback. In a set of base experiments with synthetic data, the model is shown to be effective at learning personalization for different learner types and efficient compared to models without Generative Adversarial Networks.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Sarkar","given":"Subharag"},{"family":"Huber","given":"Manfred"}],"citation-key":"sarkarplpgesurlgan2021","container-title":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","DOI":"10.1109/SMC52423.2021.9658967","event-place":"Melbourne, Australia","event-title":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)","ISBN":"978-1-66544-207-7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021",10,17]]},"language":"en","page":"92-99","publisher":"IEEE","publisher-place":"Melbourne, Australia","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Personalized Learning Path Generation in E-Learning Systems using Reinforcement Learning and Generative Adversarial Networks","type":"paper-conference","URL":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9658967/"},
  {"id":"sasseuuligu2014","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,6]]},"author":[{"family":"Sasse","given":"Ada"}],"citation-key":"sasseuuligu2014","container-title":"Gemeinsam unterwegs zur inklusiven Schule","event-place":"Frankfurt am Main: Grundschulverband.","issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]},"publisher":"S. Peters & U. Widmer-Rockstroh","publisher-place":"Frankfurt am Main: Grundschulverband.","title":"Unterrichtsvorbereitung und Leistungseinschätzung im Gemeinsamen Unterricht","type":"chapter","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240318102005/http://gu-thue.de/material/itag14/Unterrichtsvorbereitung_Leistungseinschaetzung_GU.pdf"},
  {"id":"schema.orgav2024","author":[{"family":"schema.org","given":""}],"citation-key":"schema.orgav2024","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,29]]},"title":"audience v25.0","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240208131856/https://schema.org/audience"},
  {"id":"schema.orgiv2024","author":[{"family":"schema.org","given":""}],"citation-key":"schema.orgiv2024","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,9]]},"title":"interactivityType v24.0","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240113064553/https://schema.org/interactivityType"},
  {"id":"schildtvermossnmuh2022","abstract":"Zusammenfassung\n            FOLIO ist ein Bibliotheksmanagementsystem zur Organisation aller ressourcenbezogenen Geschäftsabläufe, insbesondere zur Verwaltung elektronischer Ressourcen und zur Weiterverarbeitung ihrer Metadaten in Drittsystemen. Die GOKb ist eine Plattform zur kooperativen Verwaltung elektronischer Medien und Pakete, darunter Dateneinspielung, Paketierung und Änderungsnachverfolgung. Durch den gemeinsamen Einsatz können beide die Arbeit in Bibliotheken transformieren. Aber wie passen sie in die bestehende Systemlandschaft? Was sind die Herausforderungen und Chancen in Bezug auf Datenflüsse und Identifikatoren, aber auch Kommunikation und Kooperation in einem aktiven Entwicklungsumfeld?","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Schildt","given":"Martina"},{"family":"Horn","given":"Moritz"}],"citation-key":"schildtvermossnmuh2022","container-title":"ABI Technik","DOI":"10.1515/abitech-2022-0006","ISSN":"2191-4664, 0720-6763","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022",2,23]]},"language":"de","page":"55-63","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Die Verwaltung elektronischer Ressourcen mit Open Source Systemen – neue Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/abitech-2022-0006/html","volume":"42"},
  {"id":"schmidtsldl2009","author":[{"family":"Schmidt","given":"Reinhard"}],"citation-key":"schmidtsldl2009","event-place":"Regensburg","event-title":"100. MNU Kongress","issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]},"language":"de","publisher-place":"Regensburg","source":"Zotero","title":"Selbstgesteuertes Lernen durch Lernpfade","type":"paper-conference"},
  {"id":"schmiechdozodoal2006","author":[{"family":"Schmiech","given":"Michael"}],"citation-key":"schmiechdozodoal2006","issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]},"title":"Didaktische Ontologien zur Organisation digitaler Objekte in der Arbeit von Lehrkräften","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240303171519/https://www.zhb-flensburg.de/fileadmin/content/spezial-einrichtungen/zhb/dokumente/dissertationen/schmiech/schmiech-2006-didaktische-ontologien-zur-organisation-digitaler-objekte-in-der-avl.pdf"},
  {"id":"schulmeisterdahl2000","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,3]]},"author":[{"family":"Schulmeister","given":"Rolf"}],"citation-key":"schulmeisterdahl2000","container-title":"Computerunterstütztes Lernen","DOI":"10.1515/9783486803846","editor":[{"family":"Kammerl","given":"Rudolf"}],"ISBN":"978-3-486-25400-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2000",12,31]]},"page":"40-52","publisher":"DE GRUYTER","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Didaktische Aspekte hypermedialer Lernsysteme","type":"chapter","URL":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783486803846/html"},
  {"id":"schulmeisterghltdd2007","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,3]]},"author":[{"family":"Schulmeister","given":"Rolf"}],"citation-key":"schulmeisterghltdd2007","DOI":"10.1524/9783486594096","ISBN":"978-3-486-59409-6 978-3-486-27395-3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2007",1,1]]},"publisher":"Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Grundlagen hypermedialer Lernsysteme: Theorie - Didaktik - Design","title-short":"Grundlagen hypermedialer Lernsysteme","type":"book","URL":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1524/9783486594096/html"},
  {"id":"schulmeisterksnl2017","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,3]]},"citation-key":"schulmeisterksnl2017","container-author":[{"family":"Schulmeister","given":"Rolf"}],"container-title":"Lernplattformen für das virtuelle Lernen","DOI":"10.1515/9783486816204-011","ISBN":"978-3-486-81620-4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2017",12,31]]},"page":"163-188","publisher":"De Gruyter","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"KAPITEL 9. Szenarien netzbasierten Lernens","type":"chapter","URL":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783486816204-011/html"},
  {"id":"schulmeisterlfvleud2005","author":[{"family":"Schulmeister","given":"Rolf"}],"citation-key":"schulmeisterlfvleud2005","edition":"2. Auflage","event-place":"München Wien","ISBN":"978-3-486-27573-5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2005"]]},"language":"de","number-of-pages":"291","publisher":"Oldenbourg Verlag","publisher-place":"München Wien","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Lernplattformen für das virtuelle Lernen: Evaluation und Didaktik","title-short":"Lernplattformen für das virtuelle Lernen","type":"book"},
  {"id":"schulmeisterlfvleud2017","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,3]]},"author":[{"family":"Schulmeister","given":"Rolf"}],"citation-key":"schulmeisterlfvleud2017","DOI":"10.1515/9783486816204","ISBN":"978-3-486-81620-4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2017",12,31]]},"publisher":"De Gruyter","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Lernplattformen für das virtuelle Lernen: Evaluation und Didaktik","title-short":"Lernplattformen für das virtuelle Lernen","type":"book","URL":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783486816204/html"},
  {"id":"schulmeistertmciccmd2002","abstract":"Der Begriff der Interaktivität kommt in der Forschung zu Lernsystemen und E-Learning besonders häufig vor und spielt eine besondere Rolle in der aktuellen Diskussion über Metadaten. Interaktivität bezeichnet den aktiven Umgang des Lernenden mit Lernobjekten. Der Aufsatz macht einen Vorschlag für die Skalierung interaktiver multimedialer Objekte nach dem Kriterium der Interaktivität.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,20]]},"author":[{"family":"Schulmeister","given":"Rolf"}],"citation-key":"schulmeistertmciccmd2002","container-title":"it - Information Technology","DOI":"10.1524/itit.2002.44.4.193","ISSN":"2196-7032, 1611-2776","issue":"4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2002",4,1]]},"language":"en","page":"193-199","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Taxonomy of multimedia component interactivity: a contribution to the current metadata debate.","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1524/itit.2002.44.4.193/html","volume":"44"},
  {"id":"schulmeistertmciccmd2003","author":[{"family":"Schulmeister","given":"Rolf"}],"citation-key":"schulmeistertmciccmd2003","collection-title":"New Media in Education","container-title":"Studies in communication sciences","container-title-short":"SComS","DOI":"10.5169/seals-823704","editor":[{"family":"Rigotti","given":"Eddo"},{"family":"Schulz","given":"Peter"}],"ISSN":"1424-4896","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2003"]]},"page":"61-80","title":"Taxonomy of Multimedia Component Interactivity. A contribution to the current metadata debate.","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://doi.org/10.5169/seals-823704","volume":"3"},
  {"id":"schulmeistervuvlmkmw2001","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,3]]},"author":[{"family":"Schulmeister","given":"Rolf"}],"citation-key":"schulmeistervuvlmkmw2001","DOI":"10.1524/9783486598926","ISBN":"978-3-486-59892-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2001",1,1]]},"publisher":"Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Virtuelle Universität - Virtuelles Lernen: mit einem Kapitel von Martin Wessner","title-short":"Virtuelle Universität - Virtuelles Lernen","type":"book","URL":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1524/9783486598926/html"},
  {"id":"schuwerropma2023","abstract":"Abstract\n            The movement around Open Educational Resources (OER) aims to make educational resources available to all through the use of open licenses. Our understanding of the extent of reusing OER, however, is still limited. Measurement of actual reuse is difficult. Much reuse remains invisible and happens under the radar (‘dark reuse’). Currently, much attention is given to educational designs where the characteristics of OER (freely available and rights to adapt) are essential (open pedagogy). To better determine which support and skills are needed, a process model for the reuse of OER in practice is developed. This model differentiates between two scenarios: an educator-centred and a student-centred one. Especially the latter scenario clearly shows that support and skills programmes should not only be directed at educators, but also at students.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,3]]},"author":[{"family":"Schuwer","given":"Robert"},{"family":"Baas","given":"Marjon"}],"citation-key":"schuwerropma2023","container-title":"Distributed Learning Ecosystems","DOI":"10.1007/978-3-658-38703-7_7","editor":[{"family":"Otto","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"Scharnberg","given":"Gianna"},{"family":"Kerres","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Zawacki-Richter","given":"Olaf"}],"event-place":"Wiesbaden","ISBN":"978-3-658-38702-0 978-3-658-38703-7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"language":"en","page":"117-137","publisher":"Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden","publisher-place":"Wiesbaden","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Reuse of OER, a Process Model Approach","type":"chapter","URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-658-38703-7_7"},
  {"id":"seilerschiedteaia1ejgfmwgv12s2uzuezs2006","citation-key":"seilerschiedteaia1ejgfmwgv12s2uzuezs2006","collection-number":"Bd. 38","collection-title":"Medien in der Wissenschaft","editor":[{"family":"Seiler Schiedt","given":"Eva"},{"family":"Kälin","given":"Siglinde"},{"family":"Sengstag","given":"Christian"}],"event-place":"Münster München Berlin","ISBN":"978-3-8309-1720-5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]},"language":"ger eng","number-of-pages":"413","publisher":"Waxmann","publisher-place":"Münster München Berlin","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"E-Learning - alltagstaugliche Innovation? ... anlässlich der 11. Europäischen Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medien in der Wissenschaft (GMW), die vom 19. - 22. September 2006 an der Universität Zürich und ETH Zürich stattfand","title-short":"E-Learning - alltagstaugliche Innovation?","type":"book"},
  {"id":"siciliacurlo2003","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,3]]},"author":[{"family":"Sicilia","given":"Miguel-Angel"},{"family":"Garcia","given":"Elena"}],"citation-key":"siciliacurlo2003","container-title":"The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning","container-title-short":"IRRODL","DOI":"10.19173/irrodl.v4i2.155","ISSN":"1492-3831","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2003",10,1]]},"source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"On the Concepts of Usability and Reusability of Learning Objects","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/155","volume":"4"},
  {"id":"siemenslaed2013","abstract":"Recently, learning analytics (LA) has drawn the attention of academics, researchers, and administrators. This interest is motivated by the need to better understand teaching, learning, “intelligent content,” and personalization and adaptation. While still in the early stages of research and implementation, several organizations (Society for Learning Analytics Research and the International Educational Data Mining Society) have formed to foster a research community around the role of data analytics in education. This article considers the research fields that have contributed technologies and methodologies to the development of learning analytics, analytics models, the importance of increasing analytics capabilities in organizations, and models for deploying analytics in educational settings. The challenges facing LA as a field are also reviewed, particularly regarding the need to increase the scope of data capture so that the complexity of the learning process can be more accurately reflected in analysis. Privacy and data ownership will become increasingly important for all participants in analytics projects. The current legal system is immature in relation to privacy and ethics concerns in analytics. The article concludes by arguing that LA has sufficiently developed, through conferences, journals, summer institutes, and research labs, to be considered an emerging research field.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,12]]},"author":[{"family":"Siemens","given":"George"}],"citation-key":"siemenslaed2013","container-title":"American Behavioral Scientist","container-title-short":"American Behavioral Scientist","DOI":"10.1177/0002764213498851","ISSN":"0002-7642, 1552-3381","issue":"10","issued":{"date-parts":[["2013",10]]},"language":"en","page":"1380-1400","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Learning Analytics: The Emergence of a Discipline","title-short":"Learning Analytics","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0002764213498851","volume":"57"},
  {"id":"siemenslaedmcc","abstract":"Growing interest in data and analytics in education, teaching, and learning raises the priority for increased, high-quality research into the models, methods, technologies, and impact of analytics. Two research communities – Educational Data Mining (EDM) and Learning Analytics and Knowledge (LAK) have developed separately to address this need. This paper argues for increased and formal communication and collaboration between these communities in order to share research, methods, and tools for data mining and analysis in the service of developing both LAK and EDM fields.","author":[{"family":"Siemens","given":"George"}],"citation-key":"siemenslaedmcc","language":"en","source":"Zotero","title":"Learning Analytics and Educational Data Mining: Towards Communication and Collaboration","type":"article-journal"},
  {"id":"siemenslaedmcc2012","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,12]]},"author":[{"family":"Siemens","given":"George"},{"family":"Baker","given":"Ryan S. J. D."}],"citation-key":"siemenslaedmcc2012","container-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge","DOI":"10.1145/2330601.2330661","event-place":"Vancouver British Columbia Canada","event-title":"LAK 2012: Second International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge","ISBN":"978-1-4503-1111-3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2012",4,29]]},"language":"en","page":"252-254","publisher":"ACM","publisher-place":"Vancouver British Columbia Canada","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Learning analytics and educational data mining: towards communication and collaboration","title-short":"Learning analytics and educational data mining","type":"paper-conference","URL":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2330601.2330661"},
  {"id":"sitthisakiabcm2011","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Sitthisak","given":"Onjira"},{"family":"Gilbert","given":"Lester"}],"citation-key":"sitthisakiabcm2011","container-title":"Handbook of Research on E-Learning Standards and Interoperability: Frameworks and Issues","DOI":"10.4018/978-1-61692-789-9","ISBN":"978-1-61692-789-9 978-1-61692-790-5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2011"]]},"language":"en","page":"21-40","publisher":"IGI Global","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Interoperable Assessment Based on Competency Modelling","type":"chapter","URL":"http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/978-1-61692-789-9"},
  {"id":"skillscommonsarg2023","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,18]]},"author":[{"family":"SkillsCommons","given":""}],"citation-key":"skillscommonsarg2023","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"language":"en-US","title":"Accessibility Requirement Guidelines","type":"post-weblog","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240318102300/https://support.skillscommons.org/home/contribute-manage/prepare-materials/ada-requirements/"},
  {"id":"skillscommonssr2023","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,15]]},"author":[{"family":"SkillsCommons","given":""}],"citation-key":"skillscommonssr2023","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"title":"SkillsCommons Repository","type":"webpage","URL":"https://www.skillscommons.org/"},
  {"id":"skinnerslat1954","abstract":"Recent advances in the systematic analysis of learning are exemplified in the development of improved laboratory techniques for controlling the contingencies of reinforcement to shape behavior at will and to maintain its strength over long periods of time. In contrast, classroom teaching techniques are characterized by aversive control of behavior, the contingencies of reinforcement are not optimally arranged, there is no provision for progressive approximation to the final behavior desired, and reinforcement is too infrequent. Changes in the practical situation are indicated, principally in the direction of providing mechanical devices for controlling the contingencies of reinforcement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)","author":[{"family":"Skinner","given":"B. F."}],"citation-key":"skinnerslat1954","container-title":"Harvard Educational Review","event-place":"US","ISSN":"1943-5045","issued":{"date-parts":[["1954"]]},"page":"86-97","publisher":"Harvard Education Publishing Group","publisher-place":"US","source":"APA PsycNet","title":"The science of learning and the art of teaching","type":"article-journal","volume":"24"},
  {"id":"sollnerv2017","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Söllner","given":"Konstanze"},{"family":"Mittermaier","given":"Bernhard"}],"citation-key":"sollnerv2017","container-title":"Praxishandbuch Open Access","DOI":"10.1515/9783110494068-202","editor":[{"family":"Söllner","given":"Konstanze"},{"family":"Mittermaier","given":"Bernhard"}],"ISBN":"978-3-11-049406-8","issued":{"date-parts":[["2017",5,22]]},"language":"en","page":"V-VI","publisher":"De Gruyter","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Vorwort","type":"chapter","URL":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110494068-202/html"},
  {"id":"solomouceresuemp2015","abstract":"The ability to effectively administrate educational resources in terms of accessibility, reusability and interoperability lies in the adoption of an appropriate metadata schema, able of adequately describing them. A considerable number of different educational metadata schemas can be found in literature, with the IEEE LOM being the most widely known; however, it is often the case where it cannot fully accommodate the characteristics of several types of educational resources, that’s why application profiles have been proposed. Each metadata standard and application profile usually comes with a different (either less or more semantically enriched) binding, thus allowing the retrieval and dissemination of resources with varying degrees of effectiveness. In this work, we propose an application profile of the IEEE LOM standard having special focus on distance learning material, while being generic enough so as to be applicable to any educational material and application. We then present an ontology model for this profile that aims to improve the potential discovery and retrieval of educational resources within intelligent e-learning environments.","author":[{"family":"Solomou","given":"Georgia"},{"family":"Pierrakeas","given":"Christos"},{"family":"Kameas","given":"Achilles"}],"citation-key":"solomouceresuemp2015","container-title":"Journal of Educational Technology & Society","ISSN":"11763647, 14364522","issue":"4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]},"language":"en","page":"246-260","source":"Zotero","title":"Characterization of Educational Resources in e-Learning Systems Using an Educational Metadata Profile","type":"article-journal","volume":"18"},
  {"id":"ssaf","abstract":"Die Anforderungen für das BIRD-Portal wurden mithilfe von Szenario-basiertem Design abgeleitet. Die zugrundeliegende Szenariensammlung soll nun Schritt für Schritt veröffentlicht werden.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,13]]},"citation-key":"ssaf","DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.10090700","language":"en","source":"zenodo.org","title":"Szenario: SZ-SB-IV-e-03 Ausbildungsberuf finden","title-short":"Szenario","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://zenodo.org/records/10090700"},
  {"id":"ssass","abstract":"Die Anforderungen für das BIRD-Portal wurden mithilfe von Szenario-basiertem Design abgeleitet. Die zugrundeliegende Szenariensammlung soll nun Schritt für Schritt veröffentlicht werden.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,12]]},"citation-key":"ssass","DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.10090629","language":"en","source":"zenodo.org","title":"Szenario: SZ-SB-IV-e-01 Abiturschüler*in sucht Studienfach","title-short":"Szenario","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://zenodo.org/records/10090629"},
  {"id":"sserwangaibwnvpi1ici2vem112ppi2023","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"citation-key":"sserwangaibwnvpi1ici2vem112ppi2023","collection-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","DOI":"10.1007/978-3-031-28032-0","editor":[{"family":"Sserwanga","given":"Isaac"},{"family":"Goulding","given":"Anne"},{"family":"Moulaison-Sandy","given":"Heather"},{"family":"Du","given":"Jia Tina"},{"family":"Soares","given":"António Lucas"},{"family":"Hessami","given":"Viviane"},{"family":"Frank","given":"Rebecca D."}],"event-place":"Cham","ISBN":"978-3-031-28031-3 978-3-031-28032-0","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"language":"en","publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","publisher-place":"Cham","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Information for a Better World: Normality, Virtuality, Physicality, Inclusivity: 18th International Conference, iConference 2023, Virtual Event, March 13–17, 2023, Proceedings, Part II","title-short":"Information for a Better World","type":"book","URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-28032-0","volume":"13972"},
  {"id":"sslvsmlas","abstract":"Die Anforderungen für das BIRD-Portal wurden mithilfe von Szenario-basiertem Design abgeleitet. Die zugrundeliegende Szenariensammlung soll nun Schritt für Schritt veröffentlicht werden.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,12]]},"citation-key":"sslvsmlas","DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.10090507","language":"en","source":"zenodo.org","title":"Szenario: SZ-SB-III-1-02 Lehrkraft vernetzt sich mit Lehrkraft einer anderen Schule","title-short":"Szenario","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://zenodo.org/records/10090507"},
  {"id":"sssabgk","abstract":"Die Anforderungen für das BIRD-Portal wurden mithilfe von Szenario-basiertem Design abgeleitet. Die zugrundeliegende Szenariensammlung soll nun Schritt für Schritt veröffentlicht werden.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,12]]},"citation-key":"sssabgk","DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.10090762","language":"en","source":"zenodo.org","title":"Szenario: SZ-SB-IV-i-03 Schulwechsel anderes Bundesland, gleiche Klassenstufe","title-short":"Szenario","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://zenodo.org/records/10090762"},
  {"id":"sssis","abstract":"Die Anforderungen für das BIRD-Portal wurden mithilfe von Szenario-basiertem Design abgeleitet. Die zugrundeliegende Szenariensammlung soll nun Schritt für Schritt veröffentlicht werden.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,12]]},"citation-key":"sssis","DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.10090661","language":"en","source":"zenodo.org","title":"Szenario: SZ-SB-IV-e-02: Studieninteressierte*r informiert sich","title-short":"Szenario","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://zenodo.org/records/10090661"},
  {"id":"sssmms","abstract":"Die Anforderungen für das BIRD-Portal wurden mithilfe von Szenario-basiertem Design abgeleitet. Die zugrundeliegende Szenariensammlung soll nun Schritt für Schritt veröffentlicht werden.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,12]]},"citation-key":"sssmms","DOI":"10.5281/zenodo.10090737","language":"en","source":"zenodo.org","title":"Szenario: SZ-SB-IV-e-05 Schüler*in möchte Musik-Lehramt studieren","title-short":"Szenario","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://zenodo.org/records/10090737"},
  {"id":"staendigekonferenzderkultusministerderlaenderinderbundesrepublikdeutschlandgerfsllbb2020","citation-key":"staendigekonferenzderkultusministerderlaenderinderbundesrepublikdeutschlandgerfsllbb2020","edition":"1. Auflage","editor":[{"family":"Ständige Konferenz der Kultusminister der Länder in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland","given":""},{"family":"Österreich","given":""},{"family":"Goethe-Institut Inter Nationes","given":""},{"family":"Europarat","given":""}],"event-place":"Stuttgart","ISBN":"978-3-12-676999-0","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]},"language":"ger","number-of-pages":"200","publisher":"Ernst Klett Sprachen","publisher-place":"Stuttgart","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Gemeinsamer europäischer Referenzrahmen für Sprachen: lehren, lernen, beurteilen: Begleitband","title-short":"Gemeinsamer europäischer Referenzrahmen für Sprachen","type":"book"},
  {"id":"statistischesbundesamtdestatisbukph2021","author":[{"family":"Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)","given":""}],"citation-key":"statistischesbundesamtdestatisbukph2021","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]},"title":"Bildung und Kultur. Prüfungen an Hochschulen","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240318102439/https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bildung-Forschung-Kultur/Hochschulen/Publikationen/Downloads-Hochschulen/pruefungen-hochschulen-2110420207004.pdf?__blob=publicationFile","volume":"Fachserie 11 Reihe 4.2"},
  {"id":"steinackermswr2001","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Steinacker","given":"A."},{"family":"Ghavam","given":"A."},{"family":"Steinmetz","given":"R."}],"citation-key":"steinackermswr2001","container-title":"IEEE Multimedia","container-title-short":"IEEE Multimedia","DOI":"10.1109/93.923956","ISSN":"1070986X","issue":"1","issued":{"literal":"Jan.-March/2001"},"language":"en","page":"70-76","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Metadata standards for Web-based resources","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/923956/","volume":"8"},
  {"id":"steinermuogb2018","abstract":"Metadata is an essential component of open educational materials, but unfortunately still receives insufficient attention in the production of OER. The present paper therefore aims to contribute a historical-diachronic perspective on the development of metadata in general and on the OER context in particular. In the following, current main standards are presented and future challenges and potentials of OER metadata in the broader context of Openness are identified.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,3]]},"author":[{"family":"Steiner","given":"Tobira"}],"citation-key":"steinermuogb2018","DOI":"10.25656/01:15741","issued":{"date-parts":[["2018",8,15]]},"language":"de","license":"Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International","publisher":":null","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Metadaten und OER: Geschichte einer Beziehung","title-short":"Metadaten und OER","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.pedocs.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=15741"},
  {"id":"stemmeriovd","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,19]]},"author":[{"family":"Stemmer","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Goldacker","given":"Gabriele"}],"citation-key":"stemmeriovd","DOI":"10.24406/PUBLICA-FHG-297018","publisher":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"IT-Standardisierung in der öffentlichen Verwaltung - Ein Diskussionspapier","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/297018"},
  {"id":"stevenopccp2010","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,26]]},"author":[{"family":"Steven","given":"Miller"}],"citation-key":"stevenopccp2010","container-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications","DOI":"10.23106/DCMI.952109970","issued":{"date-parts":[["2010",9,20]]},"publisher":"Dublin Core Metadata Initiative","source":"DOI.org (CSL JSON)","title":"The One-To-One Principle: Challenges in Current Practice","title-short":"The One-To-One Principle","type":"paper-conference","URL":"https://doi.org/10.23106/DCMI.952109970"},
  {"id":"stockwiaub2008","author":[{"family":"Stock","given":"Wolfgang G."}],"citation-key":"stockwiaub2008","event-place":"München","ISBN":"978-3-486-58439-4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2008"]]},"language":"de","number-of-pages":"441","publisher":"Oldenbourg","publisher-place":"München","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Wissensrepräsentation: Informationen auswerten und bereitstellen","title-short":"Wissensrepräsentation","type":"book"},
  {"id":"strackebqfee2006","author":[{"family":"Stracke","given":"Christan M."}],"citation-key":"strackebqfee2006","collection-title":"Innovation: Qualität, Dienstleistungen, Management","container-title":"Qualitätssicherung und Qualitätsmanagement im e-Learning: Beiträge zur Anwendung der PAS 1032-1","edition":"1","event-place":"Berlin Wien Zürich","ISBN":"978-3-410-16026-7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]},"language":"ger","page":"97-112","publisher":"Beuth","publisher-place":"Berlin Wien Zürich","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Die Bedeutung von Qualitätsstandards für E-Learning in der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit","type":"chapter"},
  {"id":"strackekrfeueiu2007","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240130080631/https://duepublico2.uni-due.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/duepublico_derivate_00033370/Referenzmodell_Stracke_ZfE_2007-02.pdf","author":[{"family":"Stracke","given":"Christian M."}],"citation-key":"strackekrfeueiu2007","collection-title":"zeitschrift für e-learning. lernkultur und bildungstechnologie","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2007"]]},"page":"8-20","title":"Kategoriales Referenzmodell für E-Learning-Standards und E-Learning-Standardisierung im Überblick","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://duepublico2.uni-due.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/duepublico_derivate_00033370/Referenzmodell_Stracke_ZfE_2007-02.pdf"},
  {"id":"stumppesulopb2003","author":[{"family":"Stumpp","given":"Bettina"}],"citation-key":"stumppesulopb2003","collection-number":"20","collection-title":"Medien in der Wissenschaft","container-title":"Lernplattformen in der Praxis","editor":[{"family":"Bett","given":"Katja"},{"family":"Wedekind","given":"Joachim"}],"event-place":"Münster Berlin München","ISBN":"978-3-8309-1215-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2003"]]},"language":"ger","page":"137-156","publisher":"Waxmann","publisher-place":"Münster Berlin München","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"E-Learning Standards und Learning Objects – eine problematische Beziehung","type":"chapter"},
  {"id":"suttoncddmferi1999","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Sutton","given":"Stuart A."}],"citation-key":"suttoncddmferi1999","container-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science","container-title-short":"J. Am. Soc. Info. Sci.","DOI":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:13<1182::AID-ASI4>3.0.CO;2-J","ISSN":"0002-8231, 1097-4571","issue":"13","issued":{"date-parts":[["1999"]]},"language":"en","page":"1182-1192","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Conceptual design and deployment of a metadata framework for educational resources on the internet","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:13<1182::AID-ASI4>3.0.CO;2-J","volume":"50"},
  {"id":"suttongemgmnidr1998","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,7]]},"author":[{"family":"Sutton","given":"Stuart A."}],"citation-key":"suttongemgmnidr1998","container-title":"Computer Networks and ISDN Systems","container-title-short":"Computer Networks and ISDN Systems","DOI":"10.1016/S0169-7552(98)00086-5","ISSN":"01697552","issue":"1-7","issued":{"date-parts":[["1998",4]]},"language":"en","page":"691-693","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Gateway to Educational Materials (GEM): metadata for networked information discovery and retrieval","title-short":"Gateway to Educational Materials (GEM)","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169755298000865","volume":"30"},
  {"id":"suttonmes2004","archive":"https://archive.org/details/metadataapplicat0000unse/page/140/mode/2up?view=theater","author":[{"family":"Sutton","given":"Stuart A."}],"citation-key":"suttonmes2004","collection-number":"2003/2004","collection-title":"International yearbook of library and information management","container-title":"Metadata applications and management","editor":[{"family":"Gorman","given":"G. E."},{"family":"Dorner","given":"D."}],"event-place":"London","ISBN":"978-1-85604-474-5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2004"]]},"language":"eng","page":"141-160","publisher":"Facet","publisher-place":"London","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Metadata in the education sector","type":"chapter"},
  {"id":"swertzddlfahlmw2004","abstract":"Dieses Buch bietet eine theoretisch fundierte und gleichzeitig praxisorientierte Einführung in die Web-Didaktik: Schritt für Schritt, von der didaktischen Planung über die Realisierung einzelner Bildschirmseiten bis zur Qualitätssicherung, wird die Entwicklung mediengerechter und didaktisch fundierter Lernumgebungen beschrieben. Die Aufbereitung rezeptiven, interaktiven und kooperativen Wissens folgt dabei den Modellen der Web-Didaktik, die vom entdeckenden über das problemorientierte bis zum teoriegeleiteten Lernen reichen","author":[{"family":"Swertz","given":"Christian"}],"citation-key":"swertzddlfahlmw2004","collection-number":"4","collection-title":"Wissen und Bildung im Internet","event-place":"Bielefeld","ISBN":"978-3-7639-0193-7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2004"]]},"language":"ger","number-of-pages":"111","publisher":"Bertelsmann","publisher-place":"Bielefeld","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Didaktisches Design: ein Leitfaden für den Aufbau hypermedialer Lernsysteme mit der Web-Didaktik","title-short":"Didaktisches Design","type":"book","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230923111943/https://homepage.univie.ac.at/christian.swertz/texte/2004_webdidaktik/6001_330_Gesamtdokument.pdf"},
  {"id":"swertzwdop2005a","abstract":"Wie kann mit Computertechnologie die Verständigung über Geltungsbestände, z.B. im Unterrichten, sinnvoll unterstützt werden? Diese Frage ist nicht mit Hilfe von psychologischen Experimenten zu beantworten, weil dabei der Sinn pädagogischen Verhaltens, die Tradierung von Geltung, nicht in den Blick genommen werden kann. Insbesondere die Veränderungen der Bildungskultur, die mit der Verbreitung der Computertechnologie einhergehen, erfordern eine systematische Reflexion der didaktischen Veränderungen. Diese Reflexion wird hier nicht im Detail ausgeführt, sondern im Sinne der andwendungsorientierten Darstellung des Konzepts das Ergebnis der Reflexion in den Mittelpunkt gestellt.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Swertz","given":"Christian"}],"citation-key":"swertzwdop2005a","container-title":"MedienPädagogik: Zeitschrift für Theorie und Praxis der Medienbildung","container-title-short":"MedienPädagogik","DOI":"10.21240/mpaed/10/2005.09.12.X","ISSN":"1424-3636","issue":"Medien in der Erz.-wiss. II","issued":{"date-parts":[["2005",9,12]]},"language":"de","page":"1-24","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Web-Didaktik. Eine didaktische Ontologie in der Praxis","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.medienpaed.com/article/view/67","volume":"10"},
  {"id":"swickmrd2001","author":[{"family":"Swick","given":"Ralph"}],"citation-key":"swickmrd2001","issued":{"date-parts":[["2001"]]},"title":"Metadata and Resource Description","type":"document","URL":"https://www.w3.org/Metadata/"},
  {"id":"tannenbaummsumrxepgid2006","author":[{"family":"Tannenbaum","given":"Adrienne"}],"citation-key":"tannenbaummsumrxepgid2006","edition":"2. print","event-place":"Boston, Mass.","ISBN":"978-0-201-71976-5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]},"language":"eng","number-of-pages":"470","publisher":"Addison-Wesley","publisher-place":"Boston, Mass.","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Metadata solutions: using metamodels, repositories, XML, and enterprise portals to generate information on demand","title-short":"Metadata solutions","type":"book"},
  {"id":"tavakolimaoer2021","abstract":"Open Educational Resources (OERs) are openly licensed educational materials that are widely used for learning. Nowadays, many online learning repositories provide millions of OERs. Therefore, it is exceedingly difficult for learners to find the most appropriate OER among these resources. Subsequently, the precise OER metadata is critical for providing high-quality services such as search and recommendation. Moreover, metadata facilitates the process of automatic OER quality control as the continuously increasing number of OERs makes manual quality control extremely difficult. This work uses the metadata of 8,887 OERs to perform an exploratory data analysis on OER metadata. Accordingly, this work proposes metadata-based scoring and prediction models to anticipate the quality of OERs. Based on the results, our analysis demonstrated that OER metadata and OER content qualities are closely related, as we could detect high-quality OERs with an accuracy of 94.6%. Our model was also evaluated on 884 educational videos from Youtube to show its applicability on other educational repositories.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,4]]},"author":[{"family":"Tavakoli","given":"Mohammadreza"},{"family":"Elias","given":"Mirette"},{"family":"Kismihók","given":"Gábor"},{"family":"Auer","given":"Sören"}],"citation-key":"tavakolimaoer2021","DOI":"10.48550/ARXIV.2101.07735","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]},"license":"Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 4.0 International","publisher":"[object Object]","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Metadata Analysis of Open Educational Resources","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.07735","version":"1"},
  {"id":"tavakoliqpoerma2020","abstract":"In the recent decade, online learning environments have accumulated millions of Open Educational Resources (OERs). However, for learners, finding relevant and high quality OERs is a complicated and time-consuming activity. Furthermore, metadata play a key role in offering high quality services such as recommendation and search. Metadata can also be used for automatic OER quality control as, in the light of the continuously increasing number of OERs, manual quality control is getting more and more difficult.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Tavakoli","given":"Mohammadreza"},{"family":"Elias","given":"Mirette"},{"family":"Kismihok","given":"Gabor"},{"family":"Auer","given":"Soren"}],"citation-key":"tavakoliqpoerma2020","container-title":"2020 IEEE 20th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT)","DOI":"10.1109/ICALT49669.2020.00007","event-place":"Tartu, Estonia","event-title":"2020 IEEE 20th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT)","ISBN":"978-1-72816-090-0","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020",7]]},"language":"en","page":"29-31","publisher":"IEEE","publisher-place":"Tartu, Estonia","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Quality Prediction of Open Educational Resources A Metadata-based Approach","type":"paper-conference","URL":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9155928/"},
  {"id":"tavangariananuehum2005","citation-key":"tavangariananuehum2005","collection-number":"34","collection-title":"Medien in der Wissenschaft","editor":[{"family":"Tavangarian","given":"Djamshid"},{"family":"Nölting","given":"Kristin"},{"family":"Gesellschaft für Medien in der Wissenschaft","given":""}],"event-place":"Münster München Berlin","ISBN":"978-3-8309-1557-7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2005"]]},"language":"ger","number-of-pages":"304","publisher":"Waxmann","publisher-place":"Münster München Berlin","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Auf zu neuen Ufern! E-Learning heute und morgen","type":"book"},
  {"id":"tischlernunmbsubob2022","abstract":"Zusammenfassung\n            Pädagogische Informationen über offene Bildungsressourcen (OER) ermöglichen das spezifische Suchen und Teilen dieser Materialien. Der LOM-Standard schlägt u. a. Felder wie Workload, Zielgruppe und Interaktivität vor. Vor dem Hintergrund, dass die Indexierung von Bildungsressourcen mit zusätzlichen Metadaten zeit- und ressourcenaufwendig ist und OER auch von Erstellern und Erstellerinnen direkt publiziert werden wollen, stellt sich die Frage zum einen nach dem Mehrwert der zusätzlichen Informationen für die Suche und zum anderen nach der Schwierigkeit bei deren Erstellung. Viele deutsche OER-Retrievaldienste haben aktuell ein Redaktionsteam, das die Metadaten überprüft und die Dozierenden beim Ausfüllen der Felder berät. Oft sind es jedoch die Dozierenden selbst, die ihre Materialien hochladen und mit Metadaten beschreiben wollen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden in einer qualitativ angelegten Studie Hochschullehrende zur Nützlichkeit und Nutzbarkeit von spezifischen pädagogischen Informationen zu Bildungsressourcen befragt. Im zweiten Schritt sollten sie versuchen, selbst diese Angaben auf eigene Bildungsressourcen anzuwenden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass für OER im Hochschulbereich nicht alle vorgeschlagenen pädagogischen Informationen zielführend sind. Relevante Metadaten für die Suche sind Art des Lernmaterials, Zielgruppe, Beschreibung und Vorkenntnisse. Hingegen sind Workload und Interaktivität weniger relevant und zudem auch schwieriger für die Dozierenden zu beschreiben. Jedoch kommt bei allen Ergebnissen die Fachspezifität und Diversität der Bildungsressourcen zum Tragen, wie die Auswertungen der Aussagen der Teilnehmenden zeigen. Die Resultate können Anbietern von OER-Repositorien bei der Auswahl geeigneter Metadatenfelder helfen und tragen zur weiteren Klärung von Wertelisten der Metadatenfelder bei.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Tischler","given":"Friedhelm"},{"family":"Heck","given":"Tamara"},{"family":"Rittberger","given":"Marc"}],"citation-key":"tischlernunmbsubob2022","container-title":"Information – Wissenschaft & Praxis","DOI":"10.1515/iwp-2022-2238","ISSN":"1619-4292, 1434-4653","issue":"5-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022",10,4]]},"language":"de","page":"253-263","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Nützlichkeit und Nutzbarkeit von Metadaten bei der Suche und Bereitstellung von offenen Bildungsressourcen","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/iwp-2022-2238/html","volume":"73"},
  {"id":"trimgerfsllbnaabbcc2010","citation-key":"trimgerfsllbnaabbcc2010","edition":"9. Nachdr.","editor":[{"family":"Trim","given":"J. L. M."},{"family":"Butz","given":"Marion"},{"family":"Rat für Kulturelle Zusammenarbeit","given":""},{"family":"Goethe-Institut Inter Nationes","given":""}],"event-place":"Berlin München Wien Zürich","ISBN":"978-3-468-49469-7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]},"language":"ger","number-of-pages":"244","publisher":"Langenscheidt","publisher-place":"Berlin München Wien Zürich","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Gemeinsamer europäischer Referenzrahmen für Sprachen: lernen, lehren, beurteilen: Niveau A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2","title-short":"Gemeinsamer europäischer Referenzrahmen für Sprachen","type":"book"},
  {"id":"tso","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,19]]},"citation-key":"tso","title":"Typen von Standards - OEde","type":"webpage","URL":"https://wiki.oer-contentbuffet.info/confluence/oede/de/infrastruktur-fuer-oer-konzepte-und-loesungen-aus-der-oerde-community-neuauflage-2022/0-standards-spezifikationen-rahmenbedingungen/typen-von-standards"},
  {"id":"twillotffm2024","author":[{"family":"twillo","given":""}],"citation-key":"twillotffm2024","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"title":"Twillo. FAQ. Fragen zu den Metadaten","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240131102059/https://www.twillo.de/oer/web/faq/#accordion_accordion_nr-3_item_9"},
  {"id":"twillotq2024","author":[{"family":"twillo","given":""}],"citation-key":"twillotq2024","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"title":"Twillo. Qualität.","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240202155534/https://www.twillo.de/oer/web/qualitaet/"},
  {"id":"uhrininms1999","abstract":"The rational management of the continually broadening data resources, available in the public administration, making the data resources useful and accessible, is an essential interest of the public administration organization operating the governmental structure. With the development and operation of data servicing systems, which are based on effective information fundaments, these data become real values for the public and business parties too.","author":[{"family":"Uhrin","given":"Gábor"}],"citation-key":"uhrininms1999","issued":{"date-parts":[["1999"]]},"language":"en","source":"Zotero","title":"Implementation of a nation-wide metadata server","type":"article-journal"},
  {"id":"ullrichtttmov2003","author":[{"family":"Ullrich","given":"Mike"},{"family":"Maier","given":"Andreas"},{"family":"Angele","given":"Jürgen"}],"citation-key":"ullrichtttmov2003","issued":{"date-parts":[["2003"]]},"title":"Taxonomie, Thesaurus, Topic Map, Ontologie - ein Vergleich (V.1.3)","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20060925070352/http://www.ontoprise.de/content/e1276/e1358/e1362/TaxonomieThesaurusTopicMapOntologiev13_ger.pdf"},
  {"id":"unescoiscei22012","author":[{"family":"UNESCO","given":""}],"citation-key":"unescoiscei22012","event-place":"Montreal, Quebec","issued":{"date-parts":[["2012"]]},"language":"eng","note":"OCLC: 879577639","publisher":"UNESCO Institute for Statistics","publisher-place":"Montreal, Quebec","source":"Open WorldCat","title":"International standard classification of education: ISCED 2011","title-short":"International standard classification of education","type":"book","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231015222459/https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/international-standard-classification-of-education-isced-2011-en.pdf"},
  {"id":"unescoroero2019","author":[{"family":"UNESCO","given":""}],"citation-key":"unescoroero2019","issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]},"title":"Recommendation on Open Educational Resources (OER)","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240318102812/https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/recommendation-open-educational-resources-oer"},
  {"id":"universitattubingenzfmm2024","citation-key":"universitattubingenzfmm2024","editor":[{"family":"Universität Tübingen","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"title":"ZOERR. Fragen zu den Metadaten des Materials","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221205235628/https://www.oerbw.de/faqmeta.html#fM10"},
  {"id":"universitatzukolnvlmu2024","citation-key":"universitatzukolnvlmu2024","editor":[{"family":"Universität zu Köln","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"title":"ViLLA 2.0 - Lernen mit Unterrichtsvideos","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240208121231/https://services.ub.uni-koeln.de/cdm/search/collection/test_schulvideos"},
  {"id":"valienteamaisaerol2015","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,7]]},"author":[{"family":"Valiente","given":"Maria-Cruz"},{"family":"Sicilia","given":"Miguel-Angel"},{"family":"Garcia-Barriocanal","given":"Elena"},{"family":"Rajabi","given":"Enayat"}],"citation-key":"valienteamaisaerol2015","container-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","container-title-short":"Computers in Human Behavior","DOI":"10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.059","ISSN":"07475632","issued":{"date-parts":[["2015",10]]},"language":"en","page":"1134-1141","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Adopting the metadata approach to improve the search and analysis of educational resources for online learning","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0747563215001442","volume":"51"},
  {"id":"vallejo-figueroautmlodamer2018","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,7]]},"author":[{"family":"Vallejo-Figueroa","given":"Santa"},{"family":"Rodriguez-Artacho","given":"Miguel"},{"family":"Castro-Gil","given":"Manuel"},{"family":"Cristobal","given":"Elio San"}],"citation-key":"vallejo-figueroautmlodamer2018","container-title":"2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)","DOI":"10.1109/EDUCON.2018.8363427","event-place":"Tenerife","event-title":"2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)","ISBN":"978-1-5386-2957-4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2018",4]]},"page":"1606-1611","publisher":"IEEE","publisher-place":"Tenerife","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Using text mining and linked open data to assist the mashup of educational resources","type":"paper-conference","URL":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8363427/"},
  {"id":"vandenberkliplkwp2023","abstract":"Die WERKSTATT ist ein sich über zwei Tage erstreckendes hochschuldidaktisches Angebot zur Semesterplanung. Jeweils vor Semesterstart wird die individuelle und kooperative Arbeit an der (Weiter-) Entwicklung von Lehrkonzepten und -veranstaltungen ermöglicht. Die Besonderheit liegt darin, dass entgegen herkömmlicher Workshops in einem zeitlich, räumlich und durch verschiedene Beratungssettings gestalteten Rahmen ein…","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,15]]},"citation-key":"vandenberkliplkwp2023","editor":[{"family":"Berk","given":"Ivo","non-dropping-particle":"van den"},{"family":"Schultes","given":"Konstantin"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"language":"de_DE","title":"Lehrende im Planungsfieber - Lehre konzipieren in der WERKSTATT - PatternPool","type":"document","URL":"https://www.patternpool.de/pattern/lehre-konzipieren-in-der-werkstatt/"},
  {"id":"vandenberkp2023","abstract":"Bewährte Praxis für die Hochschullehre","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,15]]},"citation-key":"vandenberkp2023","editor":[{"family":"Berk","given":"Ivo","non-dropping-particle":"van den"},{"family":"Schultes","given":"Konstantin"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"language":"de_DE","title":"PatternPool","type":"document","URL":"https://www.patternpool.de/"},
  {"id":"vargas-arcilaemseacdte2022","abstract":"The educational model faced unprecedented changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, the remote communication between teachers and learners was affected due to either the lack of or a poor Internet connection at home. Hence, television facilitates a more widespread communication technology with easier access than the Internet by playing an educational role for the mass audience through the broadcast of several learning resources (e.g., films, news, documentaries). However, there exists an increase in the educational audiovisual content, which needs to be organized and represented through description structures to be recovered. This paper proposes Educational TV-Anytime (EduTvA), a metadata schema for marking up educational audiovisual content and segments of the content in digital television. EduTVA emerges from an extensive revision of different metadata schemas for digital television and E-learning. Implementations of an EduTVA metadata authoring tool and an educational content search service support the evaluation of the user acceptance and functionality of the EduTVA metadata schema. Results show that EduTVA allows detailed descriptions of educational content and enables an accurate search of educational content.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Vargas-Arcila","given":"Angela M."},{"family":"Caicedo-Muñoz","given":"Julian A."},{"family":"Estrada-Solano","given":"Felipe"},{"family":"González-Amarillo","given":"Carlos"},{"family":"Ordonez","given":"Armando"},{"family":"Arciniegas","given":"Jose L."}],"citation-key":"vargas-arcilaemseacdte2022","container-title":"Future Internet","container-title-short":"Future Internet","DOI":"10.3390/fi14110313","ISSN":"1999-5903","issue":"11","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022",10,30]]},"language":"en","page":"313","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"EduTVA: Metadata Schema for Educational Audiovisual Contents in Digital Television Environments","title-short":"EduTVA","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/14/11/313","volume":"14"},
  {"id":"vasilikitsolakidtll2023","abstract":"This paper's goal is to review some sample articles that have been published between the years of 2003 and 2013 that deal with lifelong learning and ICT. With particular emphasis on third-age learners, the use of ICT in lifelong learning is examined in relation to various learning environments, including formal, informal, and non-formal learning. A special emphasis is also placed on the technologies and particular tools used to provide lifetime learning. Examined is the function of ICT networks, web technologies in e-learning, mobile learning tools, and virtual worlds as knowledgesharing facilitators in various learning environments.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"literal":"Vasiliki Tsolaki"},{"literal":"Agathi Stathopoulou"}],"citation-key":"vasilikitsolakidtll2023","container-title":"Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances","container-title-short":"Global J. Eng. Technol. Adv.","DOI":"10.30574/gjeta.2023.16.2.0132","ISSN":"25825003","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023",8,30]]},"language":"en","page":"047-056","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Digital technologies in lifelong learning","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://gjeta.com/content/digital-technologies-lifelong-learning","volume":"16"},
  {"id":"villalba-condorimaermbpl2019","abstract":"Teachers use existing information or knowledge already generated, which can be adapted to the instructional plans, content and evaluations according to the teaching-learning purpose of his class. One source of this information is the Open Educational Resources (OER) with aggregated metadata that allow to consider the cognitive processes that correspond to the learning purpose. However, the problem of having a repository with OERs that meet the requirements related to the teachinglearning purpose persists. This paper presents a methodology proposal based on the teacher's pedagogical intentionality, and proposes to add certain metadata to each resource that correspond to an action (verb) and to the cognitive processes that correspond to that verb, as well as the content of the resource and the context linked to the group of students. It is also proposed to include a history of use of each resource, including recommendations made by teachers who have used it, which will improve the quality of the resources of the repository, and therefore improve the quality of the expected learning..","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Villalba-Condori","given":"Klinge Orlando"},{"family":"Deco","given":"Claudia"},{"family":"Oliva Cordova","given":"Luis Magdiel"},{"family":"Castro Cuba Sayco","given":"Sonia Esther"},{"family":"Bender","given":"Cristina"},{"family":"Silva Sprock","given":"Antonio"}],"citation-key":"villalba-condorimaermbpl2019","container-title":"2019 XIV Latin American Conference on Learning Technologies (LACLO)","DOI":"10.1109/LACLO49268.2019.00045","event-place":"San Jose Del Cabo, Mexico","event-title":"2019 XIV Latin American Conference on Learning Technologies (LACLO)","ISBN":"978-1-72814-286-9","issued":{"date-parts":[["2019",10]]},"language":"es","page":"221-225","publisher":"IEEE","publisher-place":"San Jose Del Cabo, Mexico","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"A Methodology to Assign Educational Resources with Metadata Based on the Purpose of Learning","type":"paper-conference","URL":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8995141/"},
  {"id":"w3cldg2013","author":[{"family":"W3C","given":""}],"citation-key":"w3cldg2013","issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]},"title":"Linked Data Glossary","type":"document","URL":"https://www.w3.org/TR/ld-glossary/#x5-star-linked-open-data"},
  {"id":"w3crcas2024","author":[{"family":"W3C","given":""}],"citation-key":"w3crcas2024","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"title":"RDF 1.2 Concepts and Abstract Syntax","type":"document","URL":"https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf12-concepts/"},
  {"id":"w3crs2024","author":[{"family":"W3C","given":""}],"citation-key":"w3crs2024","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"title":"RDF 1.2 Semantics","type":"document","URL":"https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf12-semantics/"},
  {"id":"walshdcumlrrae2011","abstract":"Drawing on the experiences and context of others who have already used a particular resource can greatly facilitate that resource’s reuse. Such reuse is essential when the resources in question are digital learning assets, services and models which are expensive both in terms of time and monetary expenditure to develop and use. When these resources are deployed in personalised settings, where each user may be delivered a tailored sequence of resources that uniquely suits their particular needs, gathering and federating a rich view of how these resources are being used becomes important. In this article we describe an approach to facilitating the federating of contextual usage data, which is compiled over the life cycle of a resource. Given that this data is likely to come from a range of different sources, our approach will need to be able to cope with the high level of heterogeneity expected in terms of its structure, syntax and semantics. We describe how such data may be used to support users in assessing the value of learning resources and facilitating their appropriate reuse.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Walsh","given":"Eddie"},{"family":"Rafter","given":"Rachael"},{"family":"Conlan","given":"Owen"},{"family":"Wade","given":"Vincent"}],"citation-key":"walshdcumlrrae2011","container-title":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse & Integration","DOI":"10.1109/IRI.2011.6009594","event-place":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","event-title":"Integration (IRI)","ISBN":"978-1-4577-0964-7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2011",8]]},"language":"en","page":"474-479","publisher":"IEEE","publisher-place":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Dynamic contextual usage metadata for learning resource reuse in adaptive environments","type":"paper-conference","URL":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6009594/"},
  {"id":"wangawdqmdc1996","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,9]]},"author":[{"family":"Wang","given":"Richard Y."},{"family":"Strong","given":"Diane M."}],"citation-key":"wangawdqmdc1996","container-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems","container-title-short":"Journal of Management Information Systems","DOI":"10.1080/07421222.1996.11518099","ISSN":"0742-1222, 1557-928X","issue":"4","issued":{"date-parts":[["1996",3]]},"language":"en","page":"5-33","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Beyond Accuracy: What Data Quality Means to Data Consumers","title-short":"Beyond Accuracy","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07421222.1996.11518099","volume":"12"},
  {"id":"wannemacherdmoul","author":[{"family":"Wannemacher","given":"Klaus"},{"family":"Kaemena","given":"Alena"}],"citation-key":"wannemacherdmoul","language":"de","source":"Zotero","title":"Didaktische Metadaten in OER- und Lehrportalen","type":"article-journal"},
  {"id":"wannemacherdmoulppnzsol2024","author":[{"family":"Wannemacher","given":"Klaus"},{"family":"Kaemena","given":"Alena"}],"citation-key":"wannemacherdmoulppnzsol2024","collection-title":"HIS-HE:Projektbericht","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"number":"1","title":"Didaktische Metadaten in OER- und Lehrportalen. Von der Prämisse pädagogischer Neutralität zur Stärkung einer offenen Lehrpraxis","type":"report"},
  {"id":"wannemacherhpa","author":[{"family":"Wannemacher","given":"Klaus"}],"citation-key":"wannemacherhpa","language":"de","source":"Zotero","title":"HIS-HE:Projektbericht","type":"article-journal"},
  {"id":"wannemacherobaoi2023","author":[{"family":"Wannemacher","given":"Klaus"},{"family":"Stein","given":"Mathias"},{"family":"Kaemena","given":"Alena"}],"citation-key":"wannemacherobaoi2023","collection-title":"HIS-HE:Projektbericht","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"number":"1","title":"Offene Bildungsinfrastrukturen. Anforderungen an eine OER-förderliche IT-Infrastruktur","type":"report","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231205043709/https://medien.his-he.de/fileadmin/user_upload/20230323_Schlussbericht_Offene_Bildungsinfrastrukturen.pdf"},
  {"id":"wannemacherqfflulkuueiqfpt2021","author":[{"family":"Wannemacher","given":"Klaus"},{"family":"Lübcke","given":"Maren"},{"family":"Bodmann","given":"Laura"}],"citation-key":"wannemacherqfflulkuueiqfpt2021","collection-title":"HIS-HE:Projektbericht","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]},"number":"2","title":"Qualitätsentwicklung für freie Lehr- und Lernmaterialien. Konzeptionelle Überlegungen und Entwurf eines Instruments der Qualitätssicherung für das Portal twillo","type":"report","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231203105245/https://medien.his-he.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/Forum_Hochschulentwicklung/FHE_2021-02_Q-OER_WEB.pdf"},
  {"id":"wemberhipomsluvzbiu2013","author":[{"family":"Wember","given":"Franz B."}],"citation-key":"wemberhipomsluvzbiu2013","container-title":"Zeitschrift für Heilpädagogik","ISSN":"0513-9066","issue":"10","issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]},"page":"380-388","source":"Fachportal Pädagogik","title":"Herausforderung Inklusion: ein präventiv orientiertes Modell schulischen Lernens und vier zentrale Bedingungen inklusiver Unterrichtsentwicklung.","title-short":"Herausforderung Inklusion","type":"gedruckt","volume":"64"},
  {"id":"wendtedmfezviw2010","author":[{"family":"Wendt","given":"Uwe"}],"citation-key":"wendtedmfezviw2010","collection-number":"44","collection-title":"Dissertationsreihe / GUC, Gesellschaft für Unternehmensrechnung und Controlling","event-place":"Chemnitz","ISBN":"978-3-934235-88-5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]},"language":"ger","number-of-pages":"308","publisher":"GUC, Verlag der Gesellschaft für Unternehmensrechnung und Controlling","publisher-place":"Chemnitz","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Erweiterung der didaktischen Metadatenbeschreibung für E-Learning-Bausteine zur Verbesserung ihrer Wiederverwendung","type":"book"},
  {"id":"wildtlpica2011","author":[{"family":"Wildt","given":"J."},{"family":"Wildt","given":"B."}],"citation-key":"wildtlpica2011","container-title":"Neues Handbuch Hochschullehre, Teil H: Prüfungen und Leistungskontrollen. Weiterentwicklung des Prüfungssystems in der Konsequenz des Bologna-Prozesses","event-place":"Berlin","issued":{"date-parts":[["2011"]]},"page":"1-46","publisher":"Raabe","publisher-place":"Berlin","title":"Lernprozessorientiertes Prüfen im „Constructive Alignment”","type":"chapter","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220125100514/https://www.hrk-nexus.de/fileadmin/redaktion/hrk-nexus/07-Downloads/07-03-Material/pruefen.pdf"},
  {"id":"wileyiulo2002","citation-key":"wileyiulo2002","edition":"1. ed","editor":[{"family":"Wiley","given":"David A."},{"family":"Agency for Instructional Technology","given":""}],"event-place":"Bloomington, Ind","ISBN":"978-0-7842-0892-2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2002"]]},"language":"eng","number-of-pages":"298","publisher":"Agency for Instructional Technology","publisher-place":"Bloomington, Ind","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"The instructional use of learning objects","type":"book"},
  {"id":"wilkinsonfgpsdms2016","abstract":"Abstract\n            There is an urgent need to improve the infrastructure supporting the reuse of scholarly data. A diverse set of stakeholders—representing academia, industry, funding agencies, and scholarly publishers—have come together to design and jointly endorse a concise and measureable set of principles that we refer to as the FAIR Data Principles. The intent is that these may act as a guideline for those wishing to enhance the reusability of their data holdings. Distinct from peer initiatives that focus on the human scholar, the FAIR Principles put specific emphasis on enhancing the ability of machines to automatically find and use the data, in addition to supporting its reuse by individuals. This Comment is the first formal publication of the FAIR Principles, and includes the rationale behind them, and some exemplar implementations in the community.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,18]]},"author":[{"family":"Wilkinson","given":"Mark D."},{"family":"Dumontier","given":"Michel"},{"family":"Aalbersberg","given":"IJsbrand Jan"},{"family":"Appleton","given":"Gabrielle"},{"family":"Axton","given":"Myles"},{"family":"Baak","given":"Arie"},{"family":"Blomberg","given":"Niklas"},{"family":"Boiten","given":"Jan-Willem"},{"family":"Da Silva Santos","given":"Luiz Bonino"},{"family":"Bourne","given":"Philip E."},{"family":"Bouwman","given":"Jildau"},{"family":"Brookes","given":"Anthony J."},{"family":"Clark","given":"Tim"},{"family":"Crosas","given":"Mercè"},{"family":"Dillo","given":"Ingrid"},{"family":"Dumon","given":"Olivier"},{"family":"Edmunds","given":"Scott"},{"family":"Evelo","given":"Chris T."},{"family":"Finkers","given":"Richard"},{"family":"Gonzalez-Beltran","given":"Alejandra"},{"family":"Gray","given":"Alasdair J.G."},{"family":"Groth","given":"Paul"},{"family":"Goble","given":"Carole"},{"family":"Grethe","given":"Jeffrey S."},{"family":"Heringa","given":"Jaap"},{"family":"’T Hoen","given":"Peter A.C"},{"family":"Hooft","given":"Rob"},{"family":"Kuhn","given":"Tobias"},{"family":"Kok","given":"Ruben"},{"family":"Kok","given":"Joost"},{"family":"Lusher","given":"Scott J."},{"family":"Martone","given":"Maryann E."},{"family":"Mons","given":"Albert"},{"family":"Packer","given":"Abel L."},{"family":"Persson","given":"Bengt"},{"family":"Rocca-Serra","given":"Philippe"},{"family":"Roos","given":"Marco"},{"family":"Van Schaik","given":"Rene"},{"family":"Sansone","given":"Susanna-Assunta"},{"family":"Schultes","given":"Erik"},{"family":"Sengstag","given":"Thierry"},{"family":"Slater","given":"Ted"},{"family":"Strawn","given":"George"},{"family":"Swertz","given":"Morris A."},{"family":"Thompson","given":"Mark"},{"family":"Van Der Lei","given":"Johan"},{"family":"Van Mulligen","given":"Erik"},{"family":"Velterop","given":"Jan"},{"family":"Waagmeester","given":"Andra"},{"family":"Wittenburg","given":"Peter"},{"family":"Wolstencroft","given":"Katherine"},{"family":"Zhao","given":"Jun"},{"family":"Mons","given":"Barend"}],"citation-key":"wilkinsonfgpsdms2016","container-title":"Scientific Data","container-title-short":"Sci Data","DOI":"10.1038/sdata.2016.18","ISSN":"2052-4463","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2016",3,15]]},"language":"en","page":"160018","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.nature.com/articles/sdata201618","volume":"3"},
  {"id":"wintergrouplsrj2umoo2014","author":[{"family":"Winter Group","given":""}],"citation-key":"wintergrouplsrj2umoo2014","issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]},"title":"LRMI Survey Report. July 2014 Update. Momentum. Opportunity. Outreach.","type":"document","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240203134714/https://www.dublincore.org/resources/lrmi/499-002-LRMI-2014-Education-Survey-Web.pdf"},
  {"id":"wiselaudditl2019","abstract":"Learning Analytics is the development and application of data science methods to the distinct characteristics, needs, and concerns of educational contexts and the data streams they generate for the purpose of better understanding and supporting learning processes and outcomes. This chapter describes three characteristics of Learning Analytics work that distinguish it from prior educational research to give readers a concise overview of what makes learning analytics a unique and especially promising technology to improve teaching and learning. Data used in learning analytics relates to the process of learning, can come from a variety of sources (in both virtual and physical learning environments), and are characterized by their large quantity and relatively small grain‐size. The most common forms of data are activity, artifact and interaction information. Analysis approaches aim at detecting underlying patterns and relationships in the data and include prediction, structure discovery, temporal, language‐based and visual methods. Pedagogical Uses are what position learning analytics as more than simply a new set of methods but an impactful technology to drive data‐informed decision‐making through tailoring educational experiences, informing student self‐direction, and supporting instructor planning and orchestration. The chapter concludes with an overview of the systemic and societal issues surrounding learning analytics use that will frame how and to what extent they are able to affect education.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Wise","given":"Alyssa Friend"}],"citation-key":"wiselaudditl2019","container-title":"Contemporary Technologies in Education","DOI":"10.1007/978-3-319-89680-9_7","editor":[{"family":"Adesope","given":"Olusola O."},{"family":"Rud","given":"A. G."}],"event-place":"Cham","ISBN":"978-3-319-89679-3 978-3-319-89680-9","issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]},"language":"en","page":"119-143","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","publisher-place":"Cham","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Learning Analytics: Using Data-Informed Decision-Making to Improve Teaching and Learning","title-short":"Learning Analytics","type":"chapter","URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-89680-9_7"},
  {"id":"wloq2023","abstract":"Inhalte und zugehörige Quellen, die auf WirLernenOnline verlinkt worden sind, haben vorab nicht nur eine inhaltliche, sondern auch eine rechtliche Prüfung auf Basis festgelegter Qualitätskriterien durchlaufen.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,19]]},"author":[{"family":"WLO","given":""}],"citation-key":"wloq2023","container-title":"Wir lernen online","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"language":"de-DE","title":"Qualitätssicherung","type":"post-weblog","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231208071251/https://wirlernen.online/qualitaetssicherung/"},
  {"id":"wm2006","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,3]]},"citation-key":"wm2006","issued":{"date-parts":[["2006",6,10]]},"title":"Wayback Machine","type":"webpage","URL":"https://web.archive.org/web/20060610145126/http://cweb.uni-bielefeld.de/agbi/cgi-bin-noauth/cache/VAL_BLOB/167/167/63/did.pdf"},
  {"id":"wojcikloln2020","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,2]]},"author":[{"family":"Wojcik","given":"Joanna"},{"family":"Rataj","given":"Malgorzata"}],"citation-key":"wojcikloln2020","container-title":"2020 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","DOI":"10.1109/FIE44824.2020.9274278","event-place":"Uppsala, Sweden","event-title":"2020 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)","ISBN":"978-1-72818-961-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020",10,21]]},"page":"1-7","publisher":"IEEE","publisher-place":"Uppsala, Sweden","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Learning objects lost in the network","type":"paper-conference","URL":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9274278/"},
  {"id":"wolfffmslardm2021","abstract":"In most cases, research data builds the ground for scientific work and to gain new knowledge. Learning analytics is the science to improve learning in different fields of the educational sector. Even though it is a data-driven science, there is no research data management culture or concepts yet. As every research discipline, learning analytics has its own characteristics, which are important for the creation of research data management concepts, in particular for generalization of data and modeling of a metadata model. The following work presents our results of a requirements analysis for learning analytics, in order to identify relevant elements for a metadata schema. To reach this goal, we conducted a literature survey followed by an analysis of our own research about frameworks for evaluation of collaborative programming scenarios from two universities. With these results, we present a discipline-specific scientific workflow, as well as a subject-specific object model, which lists all required characteristics for the development of a learning analytics specific metadata model for data repository usage.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Wolff","given":"Ian"},{"family":"Broneske","given":"David"},{"family":"Köppen","given":"Veit"}],"citation-key":"wolfffmslardm2021","container-title":"o-bib. Das offene Bibliotheksjournal / Herausgeber VDB","DOI":"10.5282/O-BIB/5735","issued":{"date-parts":[["2021",11,30]]},"language":"en","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","page":"1-20 Seiten","publisher":"o-bib. Das offene Bibliotheksjournal / Herausgeber VDB","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"first metadata schema for learning analytics research data management","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.o-bib.de/bib/article/view/5735"},
  {"id":"wuacrdsso2023","abstract":"ABSTRACT\n            The increased number of data repositories has greatly increased the availability of open data. To enable broad discovery and access to research dataset, some data repositories have begun leveraging the web architecture by embedding structured metadata markup in dataset web landing pages using vocabularies from Schema.org and extensions. This paper aims to examine metadata interoperability for supporting global data discovery. Specifically, the paper reports a survey on which metadata schema has been adopted by participating data repositories, and presents an analysis of crosswalks from fourteen research data schemas to Schema.org. The analysis indicates most descriptive metadata are interoperable among the schemas, the most inconsistent mapping is the rights metadata, and a large gap exists in the structural metadata and controlled vocabularies to specify various property values. The analysis and collated crosswalks can serve as a reference for data repositories when they develop crosswalks from their own schemas to Schema.org, and provide the research data community a benchmark of structured metadata implementation.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,19]]},"author":[{"family":"Wu","given":"Mingfang"},{"family":"Richard","given":"Stephen M."},{"family":"Verhey","given":"Chantelle"},{"family":"Castro","given":"Leyla Jael"},{"family":"Cecconi","given":"Baptiste"},{"family":"Juty","given":"Nick"}],"citation-key":"wuacrdsso2023","container-title":"Data Intelligence","DOI":"10.1162/dint_a_00186","ISSN":"2641-435X","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023",3,8]]},"language":"en","page":"100-121","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"An Analysis of Crosswalks from Research Data Schemas to Schema.org","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://direct.mit.edu/dint/article/5/1/100/113281/An-Analysis-of-Crosswalks-from-Research-Data","volume":"5"},
  {"id":"yassinelalorofd2016","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,3]]},"author":[{"family":"Yassine","given":"S."},{"family":"Kadry","given":"S."},{"family":"Sicilia","given":"M. A."}],"citation-key":"yassinelalorofd2016","container-title":"Learning, Design, and Technology","DOI":"10.1007/978-3-319-17727-4_13-1","editor":[{"family":"Spector","given":"Michael J"},{"family":"Lockee","given":"Barbara B"},{"family":"Childress","given":"Marcus D."}],"event-place":"Cham","ISBN":"978-3-319-17727-4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]},"language":"en","page":"1-29","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","publisher-place":"Cham","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Learning Analytics and Learning Objects Repositories: Overview and Future Directions","title-short":"Learning Analytics and Learning Objects Repositories","type":"chapter","URL":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-17727-4_13-1"},
  {"id":"yenrmsglor2010","abstract":"In line with the popularity of the Internet and the development of search engine, users request information through webbased services. Although general-purpose searching such as one provided by Google is powerful, searching mechanism for specific purposes could rely on metadata. In distance learning (or e-learning), SCORM provides an efficient metadata definition for learning objects to be searched and shared. To facilitate searching in a federated repository, CORDRA provides a common architecture for discovering and sharing Learning Objects. We followed SCORM and CORDRA specifications to develop a registry system, called the MINE Registry, for storing and sharing 20,738 Learning Objects created in the past five years. As a contribution, we propose the concept of “Reusability Tree” to represent the relationships among relevant Learning Objects and enhance CORDRA. We further collect relevant information, while users are utilizing Learning Objects, such as citations and time period persisted. The feedbacks from the user community are also considered as critical elements for evaluating significance degree of Learning Objects. Through theses factors, we propose a mechanism to weight and rank Learning Objects in the MINE Registry, in addition to other external learning objects repositories. As a practical contribution, we provide a tool called “Search Guider” to assist users in finding relevant information in Learning Objects based on individual requirements.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Yen","given":"N Y"},{"family":"Shih","given":"T K"},{"family":"Chao","given":"L R"},{"literal":"Qun Jin"}],"citation-key":"yenrmsglor2010","container-title":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","container-title-short":"IEEE Trans. Learning Technol.","DOI":"10.1109/TLT.2010.15","ISSN":"1939-1382","issue":"3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2010",7]]},"language":"en","page":"250-264","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Ranking Metrics and Search Guidance for Learning Object Repository","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5518759/","volume":"3"},
  {"id":"zauchnerobhfun2008","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,6]]},"citation-key":"zauchnerobhfun2008","collection-title":"Medien in der Wissenschaft","editor":[{"family":"Zauchner","given":"Sabine"},{"family":"Baumgartner","given":"Peter"},{"family":"Blaschitz","given":"Edith"},{"family":"Weissenbäck","given":"Andreas"}],"ISBN":"9783830920588","issued":{"date-parts":[["2008"]]},"language":"de","license":"Deutsches Urheberrecht","publisher":"Waxmann : Münster ; New York ; München ; Berlin","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Offener Bildungsraum Hochschule. Freiheiten und Notwendigkeiten","type":"book","URL":"https://www.pedocs.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=3265","volume":"48"},
  {"id":"zauchnertfllwanlak2010","author":[{"family":"Zauchner","given":"Sabine"},{"family":"Zobel","given":"Annett"},{"family":"Bauer","given":"Reinhard"},{"family":"Hupfer","given":"Mattias"},{"family":"Herber","given":"Erich"}],"citation-key":"zauchnertfllwanlak2010","issued":{"date-parts":[["2010",1]]},"title":"Technologien für lebenslanges Lernen Wie eine Ära nach Learning-Management-Systemen aussehen könnte","type":"article-journal"},
  {"id":"zawacki-richterhodde2023","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"citation-key":"zawacki-richterhodde2023","DOI":"10.1007/978-981-19-2080-6","editor":[{"family":"Zawacki-Richter","given":"Olaf"},{"family":"Jung","given":"Insung"}],"event-place":"Singapore","ISBN":"978-981-19207-9-0 978-981-19208-0-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"language":"en","publisher":"Springer Nature Singapore","publisher-place":"Singapore","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education","type":"book","URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-19-2080-6"},
  {"id":"zawacki-richterqaoer2023","abstract":"The lack of transparency of the quality of Open Educational Resources (OER) is often seen as a barrier to the wider adoption, use, sharing, and further development of OER in the practice of teaching and learning in ODDE. Following the UNESCO Recommendation on OER, this chapter starts providing an overview of quality assurance systems from an international perspective, and the perceptions of faculty members on OER quality. Then, based on an empirical study, a quality framework and validated instrument for the evaluation and quality assessment of OER is presented – the Instrument for Quality Assurance of OER (IQOER). The second part of the chapter looks at how such an instrument can be integrated into a quality assurance process that takes into account the different goals, roles, and functions of the stakeholders involved. It becomes clear that a cultural change toward Open Educational Practice (OEP) is also needed to reach a wider acceptance of OER.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Zawacki-Richter","given":"Olaf"},{"family":"Müskens","given":"Wolfgang"},{"family":"Marín","given":"Victoria I."}],"citation-key":"zawacki-richterqaoer2023","container-title":"Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education","DOI":"10.1007/978-981-19-2080-6_43","editor":[{"family":"Zawacki-Richter","given":"Olaf"},{"family":"Jung","given":"Insung"}],"event-place":"Singapore","ISBN":"978-981-19207-9-0 978-981-19208-0-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"language":"en","page":"781-799","publisher":"Springer Nature Singapore","publisher-place":"Singapore","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Quality Assurance of Open Educational Resources","type":"chapter","URL":"https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-19-2080-6_43"},
  {"id":"zawacki-richterqoibizqoerosdmabhoousfs2017","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,18]]},"author":[{"family":"Zawacki-Richter","given":"Olaf"},{"family":"Mayrberger","given":"Kerstin"}],"citation-key":"zawacki-richterqoibizqoerosdmabhoousfs2017","DOI":"10.25592/978.3.924330.61.3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]},"publisher":"Universität Hamburg, Prof. Dr. Kerstin Mayrberger","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Qualität von OER: Internationale Bestandsaufnahme   von Instrumenten zur Qualitätssicherung   von Open Educational Resources (OER) – Schritte   zu einem deutschen Modell am Beispiel der   Hamburg Open Online University Sonderband zum Fachmagazin Synergie","title-short":"Qualität von OER","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.oa.uni-hamburg.de/publikationen/publications/2990406"},
  {"id":"zawacki-richterqoibizqoerosdmabhoousfs2017a","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",2,2]]},"author":[{"family":"Zawacki-Richter","given":"Olaf"},{"family":"Mayrberger","given":"Kerstin"}],"citation-key":"zawacki-richterqoibizqoerosdmabhoousfs2017a","DOI":"10.25592/978.3.924330.61.3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]},"publisher":"Universität Hamburg, Prof. Dr. Kerstin Mayrberger","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Qualität von OER: Internationale Bestandsaufnahme   von Instrumenten zur Qualitätssicherung   von Open Educational Resources (OER) – Schritte   zu einem deutschen Modell am Beispiel der   Hamburg Open Online University Sonderband zum Fachmagazin Synergie","title-short":"Qualität von OER","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.oa.uni-hamburg.de/publikationen/publications/2990406"},
  {"id":"zechiildpn2007","author":[{"family":"Zech","given":"Bernhard"}],"citation-key":"zechiildpn2007","collection-title":"zeitschrift für e-learning. lernkultur und bildungstechnologie","container-title":"E-Learning Standards","issued":{"date-parts":[["2007"]]},"page":"45-55","title":"Ist IMS Learning Design »pädagogisch neutral«?","type":"article-journal","volume":"2"},
  {"id":"zengm2008","abstract":"Introduction -- Current standards -- Schemas : structure and semantics -- Schemas : syntax -- Metadata records -- Metadata services -- Metadata quality measurement and improvement","author":[{"family":"Zeng","given":"Marcia Lei"},{"family":"Qin","given":"Jian"}],"citation-key":"zengm2008","event-place":"New York","ISBN":"978-1-55570-635-7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2008"]]},"language":"eng","number-of-pages":"365","publisher":"Neal-Schuman Publishers","publisher-place":"New York","source":"K10plus ISBN","title":"Metadata","type":"book"},
  {"id":"zengsi2009","author":[{"family":"Zeng","given":"Marcia Lei"},{"family":"Chan","given":"Lois Mai"}],"citation-key":"zengsi2009","container-title":"Encyclopedia of library and information sciences","edition":"3","event-place":"New York","ISBN":"978-0-203-75763-5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]},"language":"eng","note":"OCLC: 1082244237","page":"4645-4662","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisher-place":"New York","source":"Open WorldCat","title":"Semantic Interoperability","type":"chapter","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1081/E-ELIS3-120043711","volume":"1"},
  {"id":"zhumlprabkm2018","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,19]]},"author":[{"family":"Zhu","given":"Haiping"},{"family":"Tian","given":"Feng"},{"family":"Wu","given":"Ke"},{"family":"Shah","given":"Nazaraf"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Yan"},{"family":"Ni","given":"Yifu"},{"family":"Zhang","given":"Xinhui"},{"family":"Chao","given":"Kuo-Ming"},{"family":"Zheng","given":"Qinghua"}],"citation-key":"zhumlprabkm2018","container-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems","container-title-short":"Knowledge-Based Systems","DOI":"10.1016/j.knosys.2017.12.011","ISSN":"09507051","issued":{"date-parts":[["2018",3]]},"language":"en","page":"102-114","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"A multi-constraint learning path recommendation algorithm based on knowledge map","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S095070511730583X","volume":"143"},
  {"id":"ziedornmfoerohfoehetit2013","abstract":"\"Im Zuge der weiteren Verbreitung der Social Media und der internetbasierten Lehre, gewinnen eLearning Inhalte immer mehr an Bedeutung. In den Kontext von eLearning und internetbasierter Lehre gehören auch Open Educational Resources (OER). OER sind digitale Lern- und Lehrmaterialien, die frei für Lehrende und Studierende zugänglich sind und auch frei verbreitet werden dürfen. [...] Um OER auszutauschen, zu finden, zu beschaffen und sie auf einer breiten Basis zugänglich zu machen, insbesondere auch über Suchmaschinen und dadurch verwenden zu können, werden für die jeweiligen Materialien Metadaten benötigt. [...] Um die Frage nach dem Handlungs- und Forschungsbedarf zum Thema Metadaten für Open Educational Resources zu untersuchen, wird zunächst ein Überblick über die momentan bestehenden nationalen und internationalen Metadatenstandards für eLearning Objekte gegeben. [...] Hieraus ergeben sich Empfehlungen, welche Metadaten-Standards für die weitere Nutzung und Förderung geeignet sein könnten. Es werden außerdem die Möglichkeiten der Erstellung eines neuen Metadaten-Standards sowie eines gemeinsamen Portals für OER erörtert. Hierbei wird vor allem auf die zu erwartenden Probleme und die damit verbundenen Anforderungen eingegangen.\" (DIPF/Orig.)","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,3]]},"author":[{"family":"Ziedorn","given":"Frauke"},{"family":"Derr","given":"Elena"},{"family":"Neumann","given":"Janna"}],"citation-key":"ziedornmfoerohfoehetit2013","contributor":[{"literal":"DIPF | Leibniz-Institut für Bildungsforschung und Bildungsinformation"},{"literal":"Technische Informationsbibliothek, Hannover"}],"DOI":"10.25656/01:8024","issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]},"language":"de","license":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 3.0 Deutschland","publisher":":null","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Metadaten für Open Educational Resources (OER). Eine Handreichung für die öffentliche Hand, erstellt von der Technischen Informationsbibliothek (TIB)","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.pedocs.de/frontdoor.php?source_opus=8024"},
  {"id":"ziemannprilpsursctue2023","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,20]]},"author":[{"family":"Ziemann","given":"Felix"},{"family":"Nguyen","given":"Duy"},{"family":"Blum","given":"Franziska"},{"family":"Lucke","given":"Ulrike"}],"citation-key":"ziemannprilpsursctue2023","container-title":"EPiC Series in Computing","DOI":"10.29007/98hp","event-title":"Proceedings of European University Information Systems Congress 2023","ISSN":"2398-7340","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023",8,9]]},"language":"en-US","page":"170-180","publisher":"EasyChair","source":"easychair.org","title":"Personalized Recommendations for Individual Learning Pathways: Supporting Ukrainian Refugee Students in Continuing their University Education","title-short":"Personalized Recommendations for Individual Learning Pathways","type":"paper-conference","URL":"https://easychair.org/publications/paper/Z8TL","volume":"95"},
  {"id":"zienerbpkua2006","abstract":"Bildung braucht verbindliche Orientierung: Was können und sollen Kinder, Jugendliche und Heranwachsende lernen? Bildungsstandards beantworten diese Frage. Sie formulieren, welche Kenntnisse, Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten, Einstellungen und Haltungen - kurz: welche Kompetenzen - Schülerinnen und Schüler erwerben sollen. Was sind Kompetenzen? Wie wirkt sich die Kompetenzorientierung auf die Planung, Durchführung und Weiterentwicklung von Unterricht aus? Diese Fragen beantwortet das Buch praxisorientiert Schritt für Schritt. Der Autor entfaltet dabei einen eigenständigen didaktischen Ansatz kompetenzorientierten Lehrens und Lernens. Kriterien und Indikatoren für den Unterricht von der Planung über die Durchführung bis zur Lernstandarddiagnose werden entworfen, die sich vom herkömmlichen, inhaltsorientierten Unterricht unterscheiden. Das Buch gibt ebenfalls Antworten auf die Frage nach den Methoden für ein kompetenzorientiertes Lehren. Ein ausführlicher Unterrichtsentwurf beschreibt, wie die Orientierung an Kompetenzen die Planung des Unterrichts verändert. (DIPF/Orig.).","author":[{"family":"Ziener","given":"Gerhard"}],"citation-key":"zienerbpkua2006","event-place":"Seelze-Velber","ISBN":"3-7800-1008-9 978-3-7800-1008-7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]},"number-of-pages":"126 S.","publisher":"Kallmeyer","publisher-place":"Seelze-Velber","title":"Bildungsstandards in der Praxis. Kompetenzorientiert unterrichten. 1. Aufl.","type":"gedruckt"}
]